CHEMISTRY PROJECT

FILE
YEAR – 2021-2022

TOPIC: DIFFUSION OF SOLIDS IN

LIQUIDS

NAME: HARSH SHAH

ROLL NO.: 2063
GRADE: XII-B
 INDEX
SR NO CONTENTS PAGE NO. SIGN

1 OBJECTIVE 2

2 Scientific principle
involved
2

3 MATERIAL
REQUIRED
3

4 METHOD 3

5 CONCLUSION/
RESULT
6

6 BIBLIOGRAPHY 6
OBJECTIVE:
To determine the rate of diffusion of solids and liquids

SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES INVOLVED:

When a solid is placed in the contact with solvent in which it
is soluble, it starts dissolving and gradually goes into
solution. This process of dissolution of solid in liquid is
called diffusion.

The different stages of diffusion of solids in liquids can be

easily seen by diffusion of particles of coloured salts such
as CuSO4, K2Cr2O7, and KMno4 etc. . . .

When one of the crystal is placed at bottom of the beaker

containing water, the water at bottom remains coloured. In
the beginning the upper part remains colourless , while as
the time passes coloured solution goes on gaining height
and ultimately the whole solution remains coloured . This is
because the molecules of solute and the solvent tend to
intermix and give a solution of uniform concentration. This
spontaneous intermixing of solute and solvent molecules to
form homogenous solution is called diffusion of solids in
liquids.

All substances don’t dissolve at same rate. The diffusion of

solid in a liquid depends upon 1) temperature, 2) size of
particles and 3) mass of particles.

As temperature increases the rate of diffusion increases. As

the mass of ion increases the rate of diffusion also increase.
MATERIALS USED:
Crystals of K2Cr2O7, CuSO4 (hydrated) and KMnO4, three
250mL measuring cylinders, stop watch, deflagrating spoon
of small diameter.

METHOD:
Take three 250 mL graduated cylinder and fill each with 150
mL distilled water. Place 1g of crystals of K2Cr2O7,
CuSO4.5H2O and KMnO4 at the bottom of this cylinders with
the help of deflagrating spoon. Record the heights of
crystals in the cylinder in the cylinders. This determines the
zero point diffusion. Record the heights of the coloured
solutions at regular intervals of time.

Graphical representation Study of diffusion of solids

In liquids

For K2Cr2O7

Time in hour Level of colured Rate of diffusion

solution =Volume /Time=
ml/h
0.25
 0.50
0.75
1.00

For CuSO4

Time in hour Level of colured Rate of diffusion

solution =Volume /Time=
ml/h
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00

For KMNO4

Time in hour Level of colured Rate of diffusion

solution =Volume /Time=
ml/h
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00

Observations:
Room Temperature = 298 K

Mass of each K2Cr2O7, CuSO4.5H2O and KMnO4 Crystals

taken = 1g

Molecular Mass of Cr2O7 2- ions = 216

Molecular Mass of Cu 2+ ions = 63.5

Molecular Mass of MnO4 – ions = 119

Total time = 1hr

Average time of diffusion = ml / hr

RESULT:
The rate of diffusion is different for different coloured ions.

For Cu 2+ ions it is about 1.4 times as fast as for MnO4- ions

and about 1.8 times as fast as Cr2O7 2- ions. Thus rate of
diffusion of these ions are inversely proportional to the
square root of molecular masses.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Page number 174 and 175 of Chemistry Lab Manual.