Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

ISO 9001:2015 Certified Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited College of Teacher education

WRITTEN REPORT
(MANUAL FORMAT)

Course PEM 4 - Principles of Motor Control and Learning of Exercise, Sport, and Dance
Sem/AY First Semester/2021-2022
Module No. N/A
Lesson Title Motor Control in Sports
Week
N/A
Duration
Date N/A
Description This lesson will discuss the information about the Motor control in sport for better
of the understanding how a person will interact in sports. In addition, the topic will serve as the
Lesson guide for many students and individuals for better Motor Control in Sports, and to others.

Le arning Outcomes
Intended Learners should be able to:
Learning  Understand the importance of Motor control in sports
Outcomes  Define the motor control in sports
 Explain the importance on athlete in motor control in specific sports

Targets/ At the end of the lesson, Learners should be able to:

Objectives  Discuss Motor Control in Sports,
 Demonstrate Of Motor Control in Sports

Stu dent Learning Strategies

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 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited College of Teacher education

Lecture Guide

Motor Control in Sport

Motor control, in reference to movements of an organism or motions of a robot, is often conceived of
as a computational problem. How is something or someone

able to move to achieve various environmental goals?  For human movement, in particular, the

question of how individuals are able to organize the motor system at multiple levels (e.g., joints,
muscles, neurons) defines the study of motor control.

Self-Paced Mode

In this way, motor control is a solution that is arrived at by the individual, which satisfies numerous

and sometimes competing goals (e.g., to remain balanced, to reach a hot cup without getting burned,
to avoid obstacles, to move quickly and accurately, to minimize energy expenditure, to
avoid injury or uncomfortable positioning). 

The problem of control is typically conceived at multiple levels and is often distinguished with

respect to the voluntary or intentional nature of control versus a more automatic or reflexive level. In
the former case, movements are goal-directed and at least part of an unfolding movement designed to
reach the goal is under voluntary control of the actor. In the latter case, movements are not under
intentional control and take place without perceived control or conscious attention. 

This issue concerning what is controlled, prepared, or programmed in advance of a movement and

what is controlled as a movement unfolds dominates much of the discussion in
the motor control literature.

For seemingly very simple movements like balance and walking, to more complex movements that

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 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited College of Teacher education
are considered to define many sporting accomplishments, the problem of motor control is enigmatic.

Psychology >

Sports Psychology > 

Motor Development >

 Motor Control in Sport

 It is a top-down process of the nervous system that occurs before the actual
movement is performed (planning –> programming –> execution), that
appropriately adjusts for force, tone and timing.

 During the intended movement goal, the nervous system continues to assess its
performance and adjusts force, timing and tone accordingly with sensory
information from proprioceptors, visual and vestibular systems

 The aim is to reduce the cognitive demand during a skill or task i.e. learning to
drive and talk at the same time. 

Motor control is divided into two subsets. Gross motor control is the ability of a human to
move a large muscle group or segment of the anatomy; the waving of an arm is an example
of this type of movement. Fine motor control is the ability to manipulate precise movement,
such as handwriting. All motor control is an integrated product of three aspects of the

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 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified Province of Laguna
College of Teacher education
Level I Institutionally Accredited

human anatomy: muscles, bones, and the central nervous system.

Many aspects of motor control are hereditary; others are linked to the body type of the
individual. As an example, a 5 ft 10 in (1.7 m) point guard on a basketball team is expected
to be able to execute complex physical movements, such as dribbling the ball with either
hand at full speed under defensive pressure. The 6 ft 10 in (2 m) basketball forward is not
likely to be able to move with the same grace and speed as the guard. With practice, the
taller and less coordinated athlete could achieve improvements in this particular skill, but it
is unlikely that he or she could surpass the smaller and quicker player.

Body type and heredity aside, all athletes have the capacity to improve their motor control
through the practice and the repetition of distinct motor skills. In many sports, the drills that
form the basis of improved motor control ability are collateral to the sport itself. Cross
training techniques are often employed to enhance a particular motor ability that is desired
for a sport in an athlete.
A notable example is the use of jumping rope in sports such as boxing; the repeated
coordination of the athlete's footwork and hands in the act of skipping improves the athlete's
overall coordination. American football has a time-honored training technique where
players are required to move at full speed while negotiating a series of tires placed in a
pattern; this drill builds the ability of the body to coordinate a jump vertically with a
movement laterally to avoid falling into the obstacle, a non-contact simulation of the agile
movements required on the playing field.

"Muscle memory" is a muscular attribute linked to the development of motor skills. When
an athlete is sidelined from an activity due to injury, the athlete will return more quickly to
his or her previous level of motor ability
due to the memory preserved in the nervous system as to how the motion stressed the
subject muscle or structure

A physical injury to any aspect of the voluntary motor system will impair motor control. A
concussion or damage to the spine or spinal column is a frequent cause of such injuries.
When a nerve becomes pinched or otherwise damaged through trauma, such as a carpal
tunnel nerve fracture in the wrist, the pathway for the major nerve ending into the muscles
of the hand, there will be similar limitations of movement.

Motor control can be significantly impaired though stresses imposed on other bodily systems. When
athletes become dehydrated, they will commonly sustain an imbalance in their electrolyte levels,

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 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited College of Teacher education

particularly that of the mineral sodium. A sodium deficiency will impair the ability of a nervous
system transmission to be communicated to the working muscle.

Hierarchical Control
Many of the processes underlying human movement take place without explicit awareness
on the part of the actor, but many movements are still voluntary.

Intending and Planning to Act (Response Identification and

Selection)
At the task level, the goal of the movement is specified consciously by the actor, although
there is evidence that actions are substantially influenced by purely perceptual stimuli
without conscious intention on the part of the mover at the task level, the goal of the
movement is specified consciously by the actor, although there is evidence that actions are
substantially influenced by purely perceptual stimuli without conscious intention on the part
of the mover 
(e.g., different types of  handles  afford  different  grasping  postures).

Response Programming
Programming  is  thought  to  be  the process   preceding   voluntary   actions   whereby
action  plans  are  organized  and  potentially  stored in  cortical  or  subcortical  structures 
in  the  brain, ready to be released when a response is required.

Making the Movement

At the execution level, there is little or no access to awareness and conscious control as this
level consists of detailed specification of motor unit recruitment in both time and space.

“Offline” Success Evaluation

his evaluation can happen after the movement in what is termed an “offline” fashion.
Correcting subsequent movements can be an onerous task for the motor system because
there is considerable ambiguity in what sensory errors mean from a motor control
standpoint. Errors convey information about the success of a movement

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 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited College of Teacher education
(e.g., hits vs. misses) and some feedback about what needs to be corrected in the movement

(e.g. A miss to the left versus the right),

 The importance of sensory-motor control has implications for the development of
measurement and training protocols. It has been shown that challenging preprocess during
training activities, for example, by making use of unstable surfaces, leads to increased
demands on trunk muscles, thereby improving core stability and balance. Various tests to
directly or indirectly measure neuromuscular control and coordination have been developed
and are discussed in the present article.

Performance Tasks
QUIZ:
Direction: Enumerate the following: 20 points
1. Thought  to  be  the process   preceding   voluntary   actions   whereby action  plans  are  organized  and 
potentially  stored
a) Response Programming
b) Making the Movement
c) “Offline” Success Evaluation
d) Hierarchical Control

2. The processes underlying human movement take place

a) Response Programming
b) Making the Movement
c) “Offline” Success Evaluation
d) Hierarchical Control

3. At the execution level, there is little or no access to awareness and conscious control
a) Response Programming
b) Making the Movement
c) “Offline” Success Evaluation
d) Hierarchical Control

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 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited College of Teacher education

4. Errors convey information about the success of a movement

a) Response Programming
b) Making the Movement
c) “Offline” Success Evaluation
d) Hierarchical Control
5. is a muscular attribute linked to the development of motor skills?

a) Response Programming
b) Making the Movement
c) “Offline” Success Evaluation
d) Muscle memory

ENGAGING ACTIVITY: At least 1

1. Why Motor Control Sports Is Importance in Physical Education Students and Teachers?
2. Choose your favorite sports then ask yourself how you can apply Motor Control

PERFORMANCE TASK: At least 1

In this activity you need to show what are the motor control activity in your chosen sports

Learning Resources
References:
 http://psychology.iresearchnet.com/sports-psychology/motor-development/
motor-control-in-sport/
 https://exercise.trekeducation.org/motor-learning/
 https://www.physio-pedia.com/Motor_Control_and_Learning

KEY RE
Quiz:

1. A
2. D
3. B
4. C.
5. D.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified Province of Laguna
College of Teacher education
Level I Institutionally Accredited

ENGAGING ACTIVITY: This activity is subjective.

PERFORMANCE TASK: This activity is subjective.

Prepared by:
GROUP 7
TABURNAL, JESSA MAE H.
TALUCOD, EDRIAN T.
TONZON, MARK NEIL V.
UBAÑ A, MARWEEN JANE P.

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