LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

QUARTER 1/ SEMESTER 1/Week 7

Name:_________________________________________________Score:_______

Grade & Section _________________________Subject: Personal Development

Name of Teacher: ____________________________________Date: ___________

I. Title: Mental Health, moods, well-being in Adolescents

II. Type of Activity: Concept notes with formative activities

LAS for summative assessment ( Written Work Performance

Task)

III. MELC:
1. Discuss Understanding of mental health and psychological well-being to
identify ways to cope with stress during adolescence. (EsP-PD11/12CS-If-4.1)
2. Identify causes and effects of stress in one’s life. (EsP-PD11/12CS-If-5.2).
3. Demonstrate personal ways to cope with stress and maintain mental health
(EsP-PD11/12CS-Ig-5.3)
IV. Learning Objective/s:

1. Describe mental health.

2. Create plan about self-esteem and body esteem.
3. Enumerate and differentiate common eating disorders.
4. Define depression and enumerate ways to be mentally and emotionally
healthy.
Page 1 of 18
V. Reference/s:
For Print Material/s:

Personal Development, DepEd First Edition 2016, pg 45

Module in Personal Development 2nd Ed.2017, Doriden de Classica A. Fabre,
pg 70
Personal Development, Ricardo Rubio Santos, pg 118
Psychiatric Nursing, RMSIA, pg 291
Introduction to Psychology, Smith et al, pg 438

For Online Resources:

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/154543/Tim Newman/July 7,2020

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/teen-depression/symptoms-
causes/syc-20350985/2020
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oKNoJ5CXXzE/July 7,2020
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=mental+heath+in+adolescent
s+brief+explanation/July7,2020
https://www.google.com/search?q=mental%20health&tbm=isch&hl=fil&tbs=il:
ol&sa=X&ved=0CAAQ1vwEahcKEwjYmYmgjNDyAhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQA
g&biw=1349&bih=667/August 27,2021
https://www.google.com/search?q=bipolar&tbm=isch&hl=fil&tbs=il:ol&sa=X&v
ed=0CAAQ1vwEahcKEwiw0qaMlNDyAhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQAg&biw=1349&
bih=667/ August 27, 2021

https://www.google.com/search?q=psychotic%20disorder&tbm=isch&hl=fil&tb
s=il:ol&sa=X&ved=0CAAQ1vwEahcKEwiw0pOtmdDyAhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQ
Ag&biw=1349&bih=667/ August 27, 2021

https://www.google.com/search?q=substance%20abuse%20disorder&tbm=isc
h&hl=fil&tbs=il:ol&sa=X&ved=0CAAQ1vwEahcKEwiQw8qCnNDyAhUAAAAA
HQAAAAAQAg&biw=1349&bih=667/August 27, 2021

Page 2 of 18
 VI. Concept Notes with formative activities

Mental health refers to cognitive, behavioral, and emotional well-being. It is all

about how people think, feel, and behave. People sometimes use the term “mental
health” to mean the absence of a mental disorder.

www.ucsdnews.ucsd.edu

Mental health can affect daily living, relationships, and physical health.
However, this link also works in the other direction. Factors in people’s lives,
interpersonal connections, and physical factors can all contribute to mental health
disruptions.
Looking after mental health can preserve a person’s ability to enjoy life. Doing
this involves reaching a balance between life activities, responsibilities, and efforts to
achieve psychological resilience.
Conditions such as stress, depression, and anxiety can all affect mental health
and disrupt a person’s routine.
Although the term mental health is in common use, many conditions that
doctors recognize as psychological disorders have physical roots.
1. Mood Disorders
A mood disorder affects a person's everyday emotional state. Nearly one in ten
people aged 18 and older have mood disorders. Mood disorders can increase a
person's risk for heart disease, diabetes, and other diseases. Treatments include
medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of both. With treatment, most people with
mood disorders can lead productive lives.

Page 3 of 18
Types of mood disorders
1. Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental
illness. It is characterized by episodes of
energetic, manic highs and extreme,
sometimes depressive lows. These can affect
a person’s energy level and ability to think
reasonably. Mood swings caused by bipolar

www.vectorstock.com
disorder are much more severe than the small
ups and downs most people experience daily.
2. Persistent depressive disorder is a chronic type of depression. It is also
known as dysthymia. While dysthymic depression isn’t intense, it can interfere
with daily life. People with this condition experience symptoms for at least two
years.
3. Major depressive disorder (MDD) causes feelings of extreme sadness or
hopelessness that lasts for at least two weeks. This condition is also called also
called clinical depression. People with MDD may become so upset about their
lives that they think about or try to commit suicide.

Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorders are the most common types of mental illness. It is
characterized by severe fear, which is linked to certain objects or situations.
Most
people with an anxiety disorder will try to avoid exposure to whatever triggers
their anxiety.

Types of anxiety disorders

1. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) goes beyond regular everyday anxiety,
like being nervous before a presentation. It causes
a person to become extremely worried about
many things, even when there’s little or no reason
to worry. Those with GAD may feel very nervous
about getting through the day. They may think
things won’t ever work in their favor. Sometimes
worrying can keep people with GAD from
www.additudemag.com
accomplishing everyday tasks and chores.
Page 4 of 18
 2. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) causes constant and repetitive
thoughts, or obsessions. These thoughts happen with unnecessary and
unreasonable desires to carry out certain behaviors, or compulsions. Many
people with OCD realize that their thoughts and actions are unreasonable, yet
they cannot stop them.
3. Social anxiety disorder sometimes called social phobia, causes an extreme
fear of social situations. People with social anxiety may become very nervous
about being around other people. They may feel like they’re being judged.
This can make it hard to meet new people and attend social gatherings.

Personality Disorders
Personality disorders are a group of mental
illnesses. They involve long-term patterns of
thoughts and behaviors that are unhealthy and
inflexible. The behaviors cause serious problems
with relationships and work. People with
personality disorders have trouble dealing with
everyday stresses and problems. They often have www.healthpacific.com
stormy relationships with other people.

The cause of personality disorders is unknown. However, genes and childhood

experiences may play a role. People with personality disorders may have trouble
realizing that they have a problem. To them, their thoughts are normal, and they often
blame others for their problems. They may try to get help because of their problems
with relationships and work. Treatment usually includes talk therapy and sometimes
medicine.

Psychotic Disorders

Psychotic disorders are severe mental

disorders that cause abnormal thinking and
perceptions. People with psychoses lose touch with
reality. Two of the main symptoms are delusions and
hallucinations. Delusions are false beliefs,
www.shutterstock.com

Page 5 of 18
such as thinking that someone is plotting against you or that the TV is sending you
secret messages. Hallucinations are false perceptions, such as hearing, seeing, or
feeling something that is not there.

Schizophrenia is one type of psychotic disorder. It impairs a person’s

perception of reality and the world around them. It interferes with their connection to
other people. It’s a serious condition that needs treatment. They might experience
hallucinations, have delusions, and hear voices. These can potentially put them in a
dangerous situation if left untreated.

Eating Disorders

Eating disorders are serious mental health

disorders which involve severe problems with your
thoughts about food and eating behaviors. It is a
medical condition and not a lifestyle choice. People
with this disorder may eat much less or much more
www.firstpost.com
than need which may lead to health issues, such
as heart and kidney problems, or sometimes even death.

Types of eating disorders

1. Binge-eating, which is out-of-control eating. People with binge-eating disorder
keep eating even after they are full. They often eat until they feel very
uncomfortable. Afterward, they usually have feelings of guilt, shame, and
distress. Eating too much too often can lead to weight gain and obesity.
2. Bulimia nervosa. People with bulimia nervosa also have periods of binge-
eating. But afterwards, they purge, by making themselves throw up or using
laxatives. They may also over-exercise or fast. People with bulimia nervosa
may be slightly underweight, normal weight, or overweight.
3. Anorexia nervosa. People with anorexia nervosa avoid food, severely restrict
food, or eat very small quantities of only certain foods. They may see
themselves as overweight, even when they are dangerously underweight.
Anorexia nervosa is the least common of the three eating disorders, but it is
often the most serious. It has the highest death rate of any mental disorder.

Page 6 of 18
 The exact cause of eating disorders is unknown. Researchers believe that eating
disorders are caused by a complex interaction of factors. These include genetic,
biological, behavioral, psychological, and social factors.

Trauma-related Disorders

Post-traumatic stress disorder

(PTSD) is a mental illness that’s triggered after
experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.
Experiences that can cause PTSD can range
from extreme events, like war and national
disasters, to verbal or physical abuse.
Symptoms of PTSD may include flashbacks or
www.vectorstock.com
being easily startled.

Substance Abuse Disorders

People from all walks of life take illicit drugs,

and the type of drug they use can depend on their
socioeconomic status including things like their
cultural background, where they live and what their
income is.
Risks associated with drug abuse include
physical and mental health problems, personal
relationship issues, work and financial problems, and
drug addiction. www.medcitynews.com

Teen depression is a serious mental health problem that causes a persistent

feeling of sadness and loss of interest in activities. It affects how your teenager thinks,
feels and behaves, and it can cause emotional, functional and physical problems.
Although depression can occur at any time in life, symptoms may be different between
teens and adults.

Page 7 of 18
 Issues such as peer pressure, academic expectations and changing bodies can
bring a lot of ups and downs for teens. But for some teens, the lows are more than just
temporary feelings — they're a symptom of depression.

Teen depression isn't a weakness or something that can be overcome with

willpower — it can have serious consequences and requires long-term treatment. For
most teens, depression symptoms ease with treatment such as medication and
psychological counseling.

Symptoms

Teen depression signs and symptoms include a change from the teenager's
previous attitude and behavior that can cause significant distress and problems at
school or home, in social activities, or in other areas of life.

Depression symptoms can vary in severity, but changes in your teen's

emotions and behavior may include the examples below.

Emotional changes

Be alert for emotional changes, such as:

• Feelings of sadness, which can include crying spells for no apparent reason

• Frustration or feelings of anger, even over small matters

• Feeling hopeless or empty

• Irritable or annoyed mood

• Loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities

• Loss of interest in, or conflict with, family and friends

• Low self-esteem

• Feelings of worthlessness or guilt

• Fixation on past failures or exaggerated self-blame or self-criticism

Page 8 of 18
 • Extreme sensitivity to rejection or failure, and the need for excessive
reassurance

• Trouble thinking, concentrating, making decisions and remembering things

• Ongoing sense that life and the future are grim and bleak

• Frequent thoughts of death, dying or suicide

Behavioral changes

Watch for changes in behavior, such as:

• Tiredness and loss of energy

• Insomnia or sleeping too much

• Changes in appetite — decreased appetite and weight loss, or increased

cravings for food and weight gain

• Use of alcohol or drugs

• Agitation or restlessness — for example, pacing, handwringing or an inability to

sit still

• Slowed thinking, speaking or body movements

• Frequent complaints of unexplained body aches and headaches, which may

include frequent visits to the school nurse

• Social isolation

• Poor school performance or frequent absences from school

• Less attention to personal hygiene or appearance

• Angry outbursts, disruptive or risky behavior, or other acting-out behaviors

• Self-harm — for example, cutting, burning, or excessive piercing or tattooing

• Making a suicide plan or a suicide attempt

Page 9 of 18
Causes

It's not known exactly what causes depression, but a variety of issues may be
involved. These include:

• Brain chemistry. Neurotransmitters are naturally occurring brain chemicals that carry
signals to other parts of your brain and body. When these chemicals are abnormal or
impaired, the function of nerve receptors and nerve systems changes, leading to
depression.

• Hormones. Changes in the body's balance of hormones may be involved in causing or

triggering depression.

• Inherited traits. Depression is more common in people whose blood relatives — such
as a parent or grandparent — also have the condition.

• Early childhood trauma. Traumatic events during childhood, such as physical or

emotional abuse, or loss of a parent, may cause changes in the brain that make a
person more susceptible to depression.

• Learned patterns of negative thinking. Teen depression may be linked to learning to

feel helpless — rather than learning to feel capable of finding solutions for life's
challenges.

Prevention

There's no sure way to prevent depression. However, these strategies may help.
Encourage your teenager to:

• Take steps to control stress, increase resilience and boost self-esteem to help
handle issues when they arise

• Reach out for friendship and social support, especially in times of crisis

• Get treatment at the earliest sign of a problem to help prevent depression from
worsening

• Maintain ongoing treatment, if recommended, even after symptoms let up, to help
prevent a relapse of depression symptoms

https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=mental+heath+in+adolescents+brief
+explanation (please click here for additional information on mental health)
Page 10 of 18
 Task 1: You can do this Choose the letter of the best answer. Put your
answers in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Refers to the cognitive, behavioral, and emotional well-being.

a. Mental health c. depression
b. Mood d. intelligence
2. Which of the following is a sign of emotional changes along depression?
a. Feelings of sadness, crying spells, for no apparent reason.
b. Tiredness and loss of energy.
c. Use of alcohol or drugs.
d. Social isolation
3. Which of the following are causes of depression?
a. Brain chemistry c. childhood trauma
b. Hormones d. all of the above
4. Mental health means the absence of mental disorder.
a. True c. maybe
b. False d. vague
5. Risk associated with drug abuse are the following except.
a. Physical and mental health c. personal relationship issues
b. Love and belongingness d. financial problem

Task 2: Check all that applies to you:

I AM EXPERIENCING…. YES NO
1. Sleep Problems.
2. Eating disorders.
3. Excessive crying for no reason.
4. Irritability.
5. Loss of energy
6. Restlessness.
7. Paranoia
8. Hallucination
9. Delusions
10. Nervousness, hopelessness and vague feelings

Page 11 of 18
 ***If you are experiencing 3 more symptoms stated in the checklist, its time for
you to seek help through a support system (parents, and teachers) and a psychologist
or a psychiatrist depending on how severe is your symptoms. E.g. (Too little sleep,
delusions and hallucinations)

Task 3 Watch a Video. Click this link

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWVcSwcbDK0/2018

➢ Enumerate ways to improve mental health based on this video. If you have no
internet connection, you may just enumerate 5 ways to take care of your mental
health and emotions.

My ways to take care of my emotions and mental health:

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

Task 4 You can do more Identify which statement is a fact and which is a
bluff. Put your answers in your activity notebook.

1. One person in every 100 person develops schizophrenia. ______

2. A person who has one or both parents with mental illness is more likely to
develop mental illness. ______
3. Illegal use of drugs ease mental illness. ______
4. People with mental illness never get better. ________
5. Mental illness is contagious. _________

Explain your answers here

Page 12 of 18
 Task 5 Read to be able to answer the questions below.

Reading: SELF ESTEEM AND BODY ESTEEM

Does any of this sound familiar? "I'm too tall." "I'm too short." "I'm too skinny." "If
only I were shorter/taller/had curly hair/straight hair/a smaller nose/longer legs, I'd be
happy."
Are you putting yourself down? If so, you are not alone. As a teen, you are going
through lots of changes in your body. And, as your body changes, so does your
image of yourself. It is not always easy to like every part of your looks, but when you
get stuck on the negatives it can really bring down your self-esteem.

Why Are Self-Esteem and Body Image Important?

Self-esteem is all about how much you feel you are worth — and how much
you feel other people value you. Self-esteem is important because feeling good
about yourself can affect your mental health and how you behave.

People with high self-esteem know themselves well. They're realistic and find
friends that like and appreciate them for who they are. People with high self-esteem
usually feel more in control of their lives and know their own strengths and
weaknesses.
Body image is how you view your physical self — including whether you feel
you are attractive and whether others like your looks. For many people,
especially people in their early teens, body image can be closely linked to self-
esteem.

What Influences a Person's Self-Esteem?

Puberty and Development
Some people struggle with their self-esteem and body image when they
begin puberty because it's a time when the body goes through many
changes. These changes, combined with wanting to feel accepted by our
friends, means it can be tempting to compare ourselves with others. The
trouble with that is, not everyone grows or develops at the same time or in
the same way.

Page 13 of 18
Media Images and Other Outside Influences
Our tweens and early teens are a time when we become more aware of
celebrities and media images — as well as how other kids look and how we
fit in. We might start to compare ourselves with other people or media
images ("ideals" that are frequently airbrushed). All of this can affect how we
feel about ourselves and our bodies even as we grow into our teens.

Families and School

Family life can sometimes influence our body image. Some parents or coaches
might be too focused on looking a certain way or "making weight" for a sports team.
Family members might struggle with their own body image or criticize their kids'
looks ("why do you wear your hair so long?" or "how come you can't wear pants
that fit you?"). This can all influence a person's self-esteem, especially if they're
sensitive to other peoples' comments.
People also may experience negative comments and hurtful teasing about the
way they look from classmates and peers. Although these often come from
ignorance, sometimes they can affect body image and self-esteem.

Task 6. Answer the following questions briefly.

Name some ads that appear on TV, billboards, the internet.

1. What messages do these ads give to middle adolescents like you?

2. How can it boost your self-confidence or body image?
3. How have these ads affected your lifestyle, self-esteem, and values?
4. How has this lesson changed your perception about ads?
5. How can puberty affect your self- esteem?
6. What are the things that boost your confidence in school and in home?

Task 7: Challenge yourself

Identify your mood. Put a check mark under the Column Yes or No for each
of the items below:
Test Your Mood Yes No
Do you feel sad, depressed or down most of the time?

Page 14 of 18
 Are you unable to enjoy the things that once gave you pleasure?
Do you feel tired and/or lack energy most of the time?
Do you have trouble sleeping or do you sleep too much?
Do you find it difficult to concentrate or make decisions?
Have you had an increase or decrease in appetite or weight?
Have you had feelings of worthlessness or guilt?
Have you felt frightened or panicky for no apparent reason at all?
Have you felt restless and found it difficult to sit still?
Have you been feeling anxious or worried?
Have you felt like you just cannot go on or had thoughts of death or
dying?

***If you have 3 symptoms of depression in the checklist, please approach your
guidance counselor, teacher, and parents you may need psychotherapy and further
treatment.

Task 8 Answer the following questions in a separate sheet of paper.

1. What are anxiety disorders/depression?
2. Who gets anxiety disorders/depression and how common are they?
3. Describe some of the symptoms of anxiety disorders/depression.
4. List and briefly explain some of the main types of anxiety
disorders/depression.
5. What type of treatment is available for people experiencing
anxiety disorders/depression?
6. What other kinds of support can help a person with anxiety
disorder/depression recover?

Task 9 Complete the table. Differentiate the different kinds of eating disorders.

TYPES OF EATING DISORDERS

BINGE- EATING BULIMIA NERVOSA ANOREXIA NERVOSA

Page 15 of 18
 Task 10 Level Up Answer the following questions. Put your answers in a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What are the causes of this eating disorders?

2. What are the measures to do to prevent this kind of eating disorders?
3. Do you have any experiences about this?
4. What did you do to overcome it?
5. What were the experiences you want to share?

Task 11 Read Carefully the scenario and answer the follow up questions.

SCENARIO:

Your friend is acting weird and has a lot of concern about school and to
his parents. He gave you all his belongings and told you the world seems too dark and
he cries too much and acts like killing himself anytime soon. He told you about his plan
to end his life. What would you do? Answer the following questions in your activity
notebook.

1. Do you think he has a mental health problem?

2. What would you do at the moment he told you he will end his life?
3. Is he in trouble?
4. Do you tend to give him advise or seek help from experts?
5. Who would you all to prevent his death plans?
6. Will you remain silent and just listen? Or is it better to approach his parents?
Teachers? Guidance counselor?
7. Did you have an experience like this? What exactly did you do?
8. What mental health problem or mood disorder does he experiencing?
9. What do you think is the best way to help him?
10. Is mental health important to take care of your emotions? Why?

Task 12 SELF CARE PLAN. Fill the table below on what you can do to stay
mentally healthy, through boosting your self-esteem and worth. Put your answers in
your activity notebook. Give 5 ways to improve your mental health for each item given.
Page 16 of 18
Items Plans for improvements (5 ways
each)
1. Sleep

2. Eating

3. Physical Activities

4. Support system/groups

5. Treatment

➢ These plans will be your guide to be mentally healthy. Do not forget also to take
care of your spiritual side. For God did not give us the spirit of fear and worries.
We are victorious and let us spread positivity.

ADD TO YOUR KNOWLEDGE: LINK ME DOCUMENTARIES

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oKNoJ5CXXzE (Click This link to

direct you to YouTube channel), If net is unavailable, you may try to observe
discreetly someone with mental illness.
➢ Watch the Documentaries of Luchi Cruz- Valdez about “Mental” and answer the
following questions:
1. What do you think are the reason behind mental illness?
2. Who are at risks of mental illness?
Page 17 of 18
3. How can you take care of your mental health?
4. As an adolescent, what are your concerns about your mental health?
5. What are your mental struggles if any (eg. Too much stress, anxiety, eating
disorders) and how do you deal with it? Do you think it can resolve even
without medical treatment? If you can no longer control your thoughts what
will you do? Whom do you ask for help?

Page 18 of 18