produqti, romelic yovelTvis dakavSirebulia erovnuli usafrTxoebis interesebTan da rom

nebismieri saxelmwifosTvis aucilebelia sakuTari navTobgadamamuSavebeli warmoebis arsebo-

ba. Tavis mxriv, benzinis savaldebulo Sesyidvis wess unda uzrunveleyo saxelmwifo nav-
TobgadamamuSavebeli warmoebis produqciis mudmivi warmoeba da gayidva.
sasamarTlom uaryo aseTi farTo ganmarteba da ubralod aRiara, rom saxelmwifosa-
gan navTobproduqtebis Sesyidvis minimaluri moTxovnebis arseboba, romelsac ar gaaCnia, an
TiTqmis ar gaaCnia sakuTari navTobmompovebeli da navTobgadamamuSavebeli mrewveloba, eqceva
36-e muxlis gamoyenebis farglebSi.
amave gadawyvetilebaSi sasamarTlom xazi gausva imas, rom sazogadoebrivi usafrTxo-
ebis dacvis zomebi, principSi, ar unda atarebdes ekonomikur xasiaTs da rom maTi gamoyeneba
navTobproduqtebis mimarT warmoadgens gamonakliss saerTo wesidan.
sazogadoebrivi wesrigi. saqonlis Tavisufal gadaadgilebasTan mimarTebaSi SezRudve-
bis SemoRebis iseTi safuZveli, rogoric sazogadoebrivi wesrigia, sakmaod farToa. sasamar-
Tlom mTel rig gadawyvetilebebSi naTlad gansazRvra, rom es safuZveli ar eqvemdebareba
ganvrcobiT ganmartebas da rom igi ar SeiZleba moicavdes, magaliTad, momxmarebelTa ufle-
bebis dacvas.
Tavis gadawyvetilebebSi sasamarTlo xazs usvamda, rom sazogadoebrivi wesrigis kon-
cefcia _ ordre public _ sawyisi etapidanve fangul samarTlebriv koncefcias warmoadgens da
rom sasamarTlo mas swored aqedan gamomdinare ganmartavs. aRniSnulis wyalobiT, sazogado-
ebrivi wesrigis xelyofis safrTxes warmoadgens mxolod safrTxe, romelic kavSiris fuZe-
mdeblur interesebs emuqreba.
saqonlis Tavisufali gadaadgilebis SezRudvis gasamarTleblad iseTi safuZvlis ga-
mosayeneblad, rogoric sazogadoebrivi wesrigia, wevrma saxelmwifom winaswar unda miiRos
mis gankargulebaSi arsebuli yvela zoma da saqonlis Tavisufali gadaadgilebis SezRudva
unda SemoiRos mxolod rogorc ukiduresi aucilebloba.

2.10.3 pirTa Tavisufali gadaadgileba

pirTa Tavisufali gadaadgileba, farTo gagebiT, samarTlebriv normaTa ramdenime
blokisgan Sedgeba. esenia:
a) normebi, romlebic awesrigeben ek-is aramomuSave moqalaqeTa Tavisufal gadaadgi-
lebas, cxovrebis mizniT;
b) normebi, romlebic aregulirebs muSaxelis, aseve maTi ojaxebis wevrTa Tavisufal
gadaadgilebas;
g) normebi, romlebic aregulirebs ek-is aramoqalaqe mSromelTa da sxva pirTa Tavi-
sufal gadaadgilebas;
d) normebi, romlebic awesrigeben dafuZnebis Tavisuflebas, anu gadaadgilebis Tavi-
suflebis nairsaxeobas, oRond im iuridiuli da fizikuri pirebisTvis, romlebic samewarmeo
saqmianobas ewevian.
viwro gagebiT, pirTa Tavisufali gadaadgileba moicavs mxolod migranti muSebisa da
maTi ojaxebis wevrTa gadaadgilebis Tavisuflebas.
sanam pirTa Tavisufali gadaadgilebis ganxilvas SevudgebodeT, aucileblad unda
aRiniSnos, rom 1992 wlidan moyolebuli es Tavisufleba ganxiluli unda iqnas evropis
kavSiris moqalaqeobis konteqstSi. am kuTxiT, xazi unda gaesvas im garemoebas, rom ek-is
funqcionirebis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebis 21-e muxli specialurad iTvaliswinebs, rom evropis
kavSiris yvela moqalaqes gaaCnia wevri saxelmwifoebis teritoriaze Tavisuflad gadaadgi-
lebisa da cxovrebis ufleba, rameTu es xelSekrulebebiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli (ix. mux. 21,
paragr. 1).
muSaxelisa da maTi ojaxebis wevrTa Tavisufali gadaadgileba nebismieri ekonomikuri
kavSiris umniSvnelovanes safuZvels warmoadgens. amitomac gasakviri araa, rom es Tavisuf-
leba jer kidev romis 1957 wlis xelSekrulebaSi iyo gaTvaliswinebuli. ek-is funqcioni-
rebis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebaSi migranti muSebis Tavisufal gadaadgilebas 45-e – 48-e mux-
lebi aqvs daTmobili. principuli mniSvnelobisaa 45-e muxli, romlis me-2 paragrafi Sei-
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cavs muSaxelis Tavisufali gadaadgilebis gansazRvrebas: muSaxelis Tavisufali gadaadgile-
ba `... moicavs wevri saxelmwifoebis muSaxels Soris erovnuli niSnis mixedviT nebismieri
diskriminaciis gauqmebas dasaqmebasTan, Sromis anazRaurebasTan da Sromis sxva pirobebTan
mimarTebaSi~. Tumca xsenebuli muxli Seicavs ara marto definicias, romelic miuTiTebs, Tu
ra ar aris daSvebuli muSaxelis Tavisufali gadaadgilebisas.
imave 45-e muxlis me-3 paragrafis Sesabamisad, muSaxelis Tavisufali gadaadgileba
gulisxmobs, rom erTi wevri saxelmwifos moqalaqes SeuZlia miiRos sxva wevr saxelmwifo-
Si realurad SeTavazebuli winadadeba SromiTi mowyobis Taobaze. am mizniT, maT SeuZliaT
Tavisuflad gadaadgildnen mimRebi wevri saxelmwifos teritoriaze. da bolos, SromiTi sa-
qmianobis dasrulebis Semdeg maT SeuZliaT darCnen adgilze da kvlav ganagrZon samuSaos Zi-
eba igive pirobebiTa da uflebebiT, rogorc mimRebi wevri saxelmwifos moqalaqeebma, an, ub-
ralod, darCnen mimRebi wevri saxelmwifos teritoriaze. dReisaTvis evropis kavSiris moqa-
laqeTa da maTi ojaxebis wevrTa gadaadgilebisa da cxovrebis Tavisuflebis realizaciis
wesebi kodificirebulia evropis parlamentisa da evropis kavSiris sabWos specialur norma-
tiul aqtSi _ 2004 wlis 29 aprilis 2004/38/EG direqtivaSi `kavSiris moqalaqeTa da ma-
Ti ojaxebis wevrTa uflebis Sesaxeb, _ Tavisuflad gadaadgildnen da icxovron wevri sa-
xelmwifoebis teritoriaze~.
direqtivis Sesabamisad, kavSiris moqalaqis `ojaxis wevrebs~ ganekuTvnebian:
_ meuRle;
_ partniori, Tu mas oficialurad aqvs registrirebuli partnioroba kavSiris moqa-
laqesTan da Tuki saxelmwifo, sadac igi cxovrobs, aseT partniorobas qorwinebis eqviva-
lentad aRiarebs;
_ 21 wlamde asakis an kavSiris moqalaqis da/an misi meuRlis kmayofaze myofi bavSve-
bi da sxva STamomavlebi;
_ kavSiris moqalaqis da/an misi meuRlis kmayofaze myofi mSoblebi da aRmavali
Stos sxva naTesavebi.
amasTan, kavSiris moqalaqis `ojaxis wevrad~ piris aRiareba damokidebuli ar aris am
piris moqalaqeobaze. Sesabamisad, mas SeiZleba gaaCndes ara mxolod kavSiris, aramed aseve
mesame qveynis (maT Soris saqarTvelos) moqalaqeoba.
evropis kavSiris im moqalaqeTa dasaqmebasTan dakavSirebuli yvela sakiTxi, romleb-
mac gadaadgilebis TavisuflebiT isargebles (maT Soris maTi xelfasebis, socialuri uz-
runvelyofis, samedicino dacvis da a.S. sakiTxebis CaTvliT), igivenairad unda wydebodes,
rogorc es mimRebi wevri saxelmwifos moqalaqeebis SemTxvevaSi xdeba, anu diskriminaciis
gareSe. es sakiTxebi detaluradaa mowesrigebuli kavSiris mTeli rigi normatiuli aqtebiTa
da sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebiT, upirveles yovlisa ki, evropis parlamentisa da sabWos
2011 wlis 5 aprilis #492/2011/EU reglamentiT `kavSiris SigniT muSaTa Tavisufali gada-
adgilebis Sesaxeb~.
ase, magaliTad, #492/2011 reglamentis me-3 muxli iTvaliswinebs wevri saxelmwifo-
ebis nebismieri iseTi sakanonmdeblo da administraciuli aqtebis normebis, aseve administra-
ciuli praqtikis gamoyenebis akrZalvas, romlebic zRudaven samuSaos Zebnis Taobaze ganacxa-
dis, an samuSaos SeTavazebis wardgenas, ucxo qveynis moqalaqeTa uflebas dasaqmebaze an da-
qiravebuli muSis rangSi SromiTi saqmianobis ganxorcielebaze, an romlebic maT mimarT iseT
pirobebs aweseben, rac sakuTar moqalaqeebTan mimarTebaSi ar gamoiyeneba.
amgvarad, kavSiris normatiuli aqtebi muSebs, romlebic ek-is moqalaqeebi arian, sxva
wevr saxelmwifoebSi dasaqmebis yvelanair SesaZleblobas aniWeben da uflebrivad maT am we-
vri saxelmwifoebis moqalaqeebTan aTanabreben. garda amisa, kavSiris normatiuli aqtebi aseT
muSebs sapensio asakis miRwevisas uzrunvelyofen pensiis im wevr saxelmwifoSi miRebis uf-
lebiT, sadac isini muSaobdnen, aseve pensiaSi gasvlis Semdeg am saxelmwifoSi cxovrebis
uflebiT.
gansaxilvel sakiTxze saubrisas Zalze mniSvnelovania imis zustad gansazRvra, Tu
vin miiCneva `migrant muSad~. pirTa Tavisufal gadaadgilebasTan mimarTebaSi migranti muSis
ganmarteba mocemulia evropis parlamentisa da sabWos 2011 wlis 5 aprilis #492/2011/EU

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reglamentis pirvel muxlSi; igi aseve damatebuli da dazustebulia evropis kavSiris sasa-
marTlos mTel rig gadawyvetilebebSi (precedentul samarTalSi).
xsenebuli reglamentis pirveli muxlis mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, migrant muSad
miiCneva daqiravebiT momuSave fizikuri piri, romelsac sxva wevri saxelmwifos moqalaqeoba
gaaCnia. amrigad, ek-is samarTalSi migranti muSisTvis damaxasiaTebel savaldebulo niSnebs
warmoadgens:
a) ek-is wevri saxelmwifos moqalaqeobis qona;
b) sxva wevr saxelmwifoSi daqiravebiTi SromiTi saqmianobis ganxorcieleba.
es cneba ar SeiZleba SezRudulad iqnas ganmartebuli, rameTu igi romis 1957 wlis
xelSekrulebiT garantirebul erT-erT fundamentur Tavisuflebas miekuTvneba. unda aRini-
Snos, rom `muSis~ cnebis ganmarteba ek-is samarTlis eqskluziur prerogativas warmoadgens
da ara wevri saxelmwifoebis erovnuli kanonmdeblobisa, imdenad, ramdenadac es aucilebe-
lia yvela wevr saxelmwifoSi muSaTa gadaadgilebis Tavisuflebis erTgvarovnad gamoyenebis-
Tvis. evropis sasamarTlos mier ek-is samarTlis pirveladi da meoradi samarTlis normaTa
axsna-ganmartebis procesSi gansazRvruli iqna, rom `migranti muSis~ (rogorc ek-is Sida
bazris farglebSi Tavisufali gadaadgilebis uflebis subieqtis) cnebis qveS eqcevian aseve
pirebi, romlebic:
a) gansazRvruli vadis ganmavlobaSi axorcieleben SromiT saqmianobas, rac pirdapir
an arapirdapir anazRaurebas iTvaliswinebs;
b) axorcieleben realur da efeqtian saqmianobas, miuxedavad xelfasis an samuSao
drois pirobebisa (arasruli samuSao droiT dasaqmebisa da garantirebul minimumze dabali
xelfasis miRebis SemTxvevebSi);
g) pirvelad eZeben samuSaos sxva wevr saxelmwifoSi;
d) pirebi, romlebmac Sewyvites SromiTi saqmianoba da wevri saxelmwifos teritori-
aze rCebian, axali samuSaos moZiebis mizniT, anu pirebi, romlebmac umuSevris statusi mii-
Res.
paralelurad, aqve unda aRiniSnos imaT Sesaxebac, romlebic, ek-is samarTlis mixed-
viT, muSebad ar miiCnevian da romelTa mimarTac, Sesabamisad, ar vrceldeba mSromelTa Tavi-
sufali gadaadgilebis uflebasTan dakavSirebuli normatiul-samarTlebrivi aqtebis debule-
bebi. kerZod, muSebad ar miiCnevian:
_ pirebi, romelTa samuSaoc imdenad umniSvneloa, rom igi mxolod damxmare da ara-
arsebiTi xasiaTis mqoned SeiZleba iqnas ganxiluli;
_ pirebi, romlebic wevr saxelmwifoSi ganaTlebis miRebis mizniT Cavidnen;
_ pirebi, romlebic samewarmeo saqmianobas axorcieleben (maT mimarT vrceldeba nor-
mebi, romlebic momsaxurebis Tavisuflebis princips ganamtkiceben).
gadaadgilebis Tavisuflebis mimarT arsebuli SezRudvebi. es SezRudvebi mocemulia
ek-is funqcionirebis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebis 45-e muxlis me-3 da me-4 paragrafebSi. me-3
paragrafSi aRiarebulia iseTi SezRudvebis SemoRebis SesaZlebloba, romlebic gamarTlebu-
lia sazogadoebrivi wesrigis, sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebisa da janmrTelobis uzrunvelyo-
fis aucileblobidan gamomdinare. am SezRudvebis gamoyenebis wesi gansazRvrulia zemoT na-
xseneb 2004/38/EG direqtivaSi da igi araerTxel iqna ganmartebuli sasamarTlos mier.
aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT, principuli mniSvnelobis mqone iyo sasamarTlos gadawyve-
tileba saqmeze `Van Duyn v. Home Office~.254 amas ramdenime garemoeba ganapirobebs:
pirveli, am saqmeze miRebul gadawyvetilebaSi sasamarTlom miuTiTa, rom gansazRv-
rul organizaciaSi monawileoba da misi miznebisa da amocanebis gaziareba SeiZleba ganxilu-
li iqnas rogorc piris individualuri qceva, romelic, Tavis mxriv, SeiZleba safuZvlad
daedos daskvnas, sazogadoebrivi wesrigisa da usafrTxoebis SenarCunebis mizniT, SezRud-
vebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb.
meore, aRniSnul saqmeze miRebul gadawyvetilebaSi mniSvnelovan moments warmoadgens
sasamarTlos mier gakeTebuli miTiTeba imis Taobaze, rom Sexedulebebi qcevebze, romlebic
________________________
254 _ ix. Case 41/74, Van Duyn v. Home Office [1974], ECR 1337.

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aseTi SezRudvis safuZvels warmoadgens, sxvadasxva wevr saxelmwifoSi SeiZleba gansxvave-
buli iyos da Tu konkretuli wevri saxelmwifo ama Tu im saqmianobas zianis momtanad gani-
xilavs da mis mimarT administraciul zomebs iRebs, mas zemoxsenebuli SezRudvis gamoyene-
bac SeuZlia. amasTan, msgavsi saqmianobisadmi nebismieri sxva wevri qveynis normaluri damo-
kidebuleba aranairad ar cvlis situacias.
mesame, sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi principul debulebas warmoadgenda mis mier
imis aRiareba, rom, mSromelTa Tavisufali gadaadgilebis uflebis SezRudvis gamoyenebisas,
sakuTari moqalaqeebisa da ucxoelebis mimarT midgomaSi absoluturi Tanasworoba SeuZlebe-
lia. ra Tqma unda, wevr saxelmwifos ar SuZlia sakuTari moqalaqeebis mimarT deportaciis
gamoyeneba, an maTTvis Tavis teritoriaze Sesvlis akrZalva.
mSromelTa Tavisufali gadaadgilebis uflebis SezRudvis Semdeg safuZvels warmoad-
gens e.w. daTqma sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb, romelic ek-is funqcionirebis Sesaxeb xelSe-
krulebis 45-e muxlis me-4 paragrafSia mocemuli da romlis Tanaxmadac, `winamdebare mux-
li ar vrceldeba sajaro administraciaSi saqmianobaze~. aseTi daTqmis arsebobis mizezi sav-
sebiT naTelia da mis gauqmebas, didi albaTobiT, ar unda velodoT manam, sanam evropis kav-
Siri, formalurad, federaciul saxelmwifod ar gadaiqceva. magram sainteresoa, Tu ra SeiZ-
leba CaiTvalos sajaro samsaxurad (sajaro administraciaSi saqmianobad).
erT-erT saqmeze (Commission v. Belgium) miRebul gadawyvetilebaSi sasamarTlom igi
ganmarta rogorc `TanamdebobaTa wyeba, romlebic pirdapir an arapirdapir dakavSirebulia
xelisuflebis ganxorcielebasTan, sajaro samarTlisa da saxelmwifos, an sxva sajaro uwye-
baTa saerTo interesebis dacvis valdebulebis Sesabamisad~.
principSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom daTqma sajaro samsaxuris Sesaxeb vrceldeba poli-
ciis mosamsaxureebze, samxedro mosamsaxureebze, saxelisuflebo uflebamosilebaTa mqone sa-
xelmwifo moxeleebze da ara yvela im pirze, romlebic ubralod saxelmwifo biujetidan
finansdebian. Tumca Tuki wevri saxelmwifo mainc dauSvebs sxva wevri saxelmwifos moqala-
qes sajaro samsaxurSi, mas ukve aRar SeuZlia, aseT pirs gansxvavebulad moepyras da ara
ise, rogorc sakuTar moqalaqes, romelic imave samsaxurSi imyofeba.
dafuZnebis Tavisufleba. dafuZnebis Tavisufleba warmoadgens wevri saxelmwifoebis
teritoriaze damoukidebeli ekonomikuri saqmianobis (aradaqiravebiTi SromiTi saqmianobis)
warmoebis uflebas, maT Soris iuridiuli pirebis Seqmnis gziT.
dafuZnebis Tavisufleba ori ZiriTadi komponentisgan Sedgeba, esenia:
a) mewarmeTa gadaadgilebis Tavisufleba da
b) sakuTriv, iuridiuli pirebisa da organizaciuli warmonaqmnis sxva formebis da-
fuZnebis Tavisufleba, romlebic ar warmoadgenen iuridiul pirebs.
ZiriTadi debulebebi, romlebic mewarme pirTaTvis dafuZnebis Tavisuflebas iTvalis-
winebs, mocemulia 49-e muxlis pirvel abzacSi; igi adgens: `qvemoT mocemuli debulebebis
Sesabamisad, akrZalulia erTi wevri saxelmwifos moqalaqeTa sxva wevri saxelmwifos teri-
toriaze Tavisuflad dafuZnebis SezRudva. analogiuri wesi moqmedebs saagentoebis, filia-
lebis an Svilobili kompaniebis erTi romelime wevri saxelmwifos im moqalaqeTa mier da-
arsebis SezRudvebTan mimarTebaSi, romlebic sxva wevri saxelmwifos teritoriaze arian da-
fuZnebulni~.
xsenebuli muxlis meore abzaci `dafuZnebis Tavisuflebis~ cnebis Sinaarss ganmar-
tavs: `kapitalis gadaadgilebasTan dakavSirebuli Tavis debulebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, dafu-
Znebis Tavisufleba moicavs damoukidebeli saqmianobis dawyebasa da ganxorcielebas, aseve sa-
warmoebis, gansakuTrebiT, 54-e muxlis me-2 abzacis mniSvnelobiT, sazogadoebebis Seqmnasa da
maT xelmZRvanelobas, adgilsamyofeli saxelmwifos mier sakuTari moqalaqeebisaTvis dadge-
nili debulebebis Tanaxmad~.
bunebrivia, Cndeba kiTxva: dafuZnebis Tavisufleba mxolod fizikuri pirebiTaa Sez-
Ruduli (mxolod fizikuri pirebis uflebaa), Tu igi iuridiul pirebzec vrceldeba? pasu-
xi am kiTxvaze ek-is funqcionirebis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebis 54-e muxlSia mocemuli, sadac
vkiTxulobT: `wevri saxelmwifos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad dafuZnebuli sazogadoebebi,
romlebsac TavianTi iuridiuli misamarTi, centraluri administracia an saTavo ofisi kav-

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