გაშუქების სახელმძღვანელო

mediis mravalferovnebis instituti, 2004
Sedgenilia mediis mravalferovnebis institutis mier

gamocemasTan dakavSirebul nebsimier sakiTxze mimarTeT
mediis mravalferovnebis instituts
100 Park Village East, London NW1 3SR, UK
tel: + 44 207 38 00 200
faqsi: + 44 207 38 00 050
el-fosta: info@media-diversity.org
vebgverdi: www.media-diversity.org
es dokumenti momzadebulia evrogaerTianebisa da niderlandebis sagareo saqmeTa saministros

finansuri mxardaWeriT. gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli Sexedulebebi ekuTvnis mediis mravalferov-
nebis instituts da araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos evropis kavSirisa da nider-
landebis sagareo saqmeTa saministros oficialur mosazrebad.
devid taleri
mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis
saxelmZRvanelo
winasityvaoba jon ouenisa
londoni, 2004
mediis mravalferovnebis instituti
gamocemulia evrogaerTianebisa da
niderlandebis sagareo saqmeTa saministros
mxardaWeriT
madlobas vuxdiT mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis qselis partniorebs samxreT kavkasiaSi
am saxelmZRvanelos momzadebaSi Setanili wvlilisa da xangrZlivi da keTili Tanam-
SromlobisaTvis.
azerbaijanis helsinkis moqalaqeTa asamblea; baqos pres-klubi; Savi zRvis presis

asociacia; Tavisuflebis instituti; JurnalistTa klubi àsparezi~; stefanakertis
pres-klubi; erevnis pres-klubi.
mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo
sarCevi
10 jon oueni winasityvaoba
1.
14 IJF & MDI Sesavali
2.
20 zogadi rCevebi mravalferovnebis gasaSuqeblad
21 rCevebi informaciis wyaroTa mosaZieblad
24 rCevebi sxva jgufebis warmomadgenlebisgan
intervius asaRebad
3.
26 eTnikuri warmomavloba
saswavlo masala
31 boSebi culebiT esxmian Tavs
samxedro policiis Zalebs
33 boSa Tavdamsxmelebi dasavleTs Zarcvaven
35 erTi Ramis stumari xelSi danas iRebs
36 TurqeTSi danaSaulad iTvleba, Tu somexi xar
39 sanam WuburxinjSi TaTbiroben, oCamCireSi qarTvelebs
cocxlad marxaven
44 yarabaRis ganmaTavisuflebeli organizacia protests
gamoTqvams somxebis vizitis gamo Cvens qveyanaSi
4.
46 religia
saswavlo masala
50 ra SeiZleba misces azerbaijans alternatiulma
samxedro samsaxurma?
55 specialuri centris Seqmnis saWiroeba
57 saqarTveloSi ieRovelebs amerikis kongresis
somxuri lobi mfarvelobs
5.
62 genderi
saswavlo masala
66 quCis qalebi veneriuli daavadebebis
matareblebli arian
67 zviadisti qalebi `burjanaZe-demokratebs~ daerivnen
70 momaval 8 marts Cvens ojaxebTan erTad gavatarebT
6.
72 invalidebi
saswavlo masala
76 invalidebi Civian
79 Semwvari giJebi
81 saqme sifrTxiles moiTxovs
84 azerbaijanSi SidsiT daavadebulTa ricxvi izrdeba
87 invalidis savarZeli TeatrSi
7.
92 socialurad daucvelTa jgufebi
saswavlo masala
96 maTxovrebi parlamentis SesasvlelTan
8.
100 moxucebulebi da pensionerebi
saswavlo masala
103 naxevari saarCevno xma 60 wels gadacilebulebs
9.
104 ltolvilebi da qveynis SigniT iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi

saswavlo masala
107 iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirebs iuridiuli daxmarebiT
uzrunvelyofen
110 antisomxuri TamaSebi somxebis daxmarebiT
113 policia CeCeni ltolvilebisa da qistebis devnas
uaryofs
10.
114 seqsualuri orientacia
saswavlo masala
118 tragikomedia axali saxiT
122 lesboselis uaryofam sisxlisRvra gamoiwvia
125 ratom `daevasa~ biseqsual jaba bojguas boris wifuria?
128 gazeT ìravnuqis~ svetidan
11.
130 politikuri opozicia da disidentebi
saswavlo masala
134 sul ar aris aucilebeli, rom
opoziciam Sekrebebi moawyos
135 Cemi mtris mteri Cemi megobaria
12.
140
vizualuri masalebi
13.
144 savarjiSo modulebi
14.
180 glosariumi
15.
184 mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis qselis samxreT kavkasiis ganyofileba
16.
186 mediis mravalferovnebis institutis Sesaxeb
mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis
saxelmZRvanelo
jon oueni winasityvaoba

10
winasityvaoba
Tu gindaT gaigoT, ra saxis gamowvevebis winaSe dgas mediis mravalferovnebis

instituti, SegiZliaT ubralod gadaxedoT presas nebismier dRes. gadaxe-
deT am statiebs, romlebic Segrovilia britanuli gazeTebidan da gazeT
ìnterneiSenel herald tribiunidan~ zafxulis erT dRes.
axalma kvlevam amsterdamSi aCvena homoseqsualistebis mimarT àrato-
*lerantulobis tendencia~ niderlandebSi.
es is qveyanaa, romelmac pirvelma misca homoseqsualistebs qorwinebis
ufleba;
britanul `deili meilSi~ daibeWda statia saTauriT `meCeTs Tavs daesxa
*hamzas moZuleTa brbo~ da aRniSna misi kavSiri cixeSi myof mRvdel huk-
hendid [calxela] hamzasTan da teroristul dajgufebebTan;
italiis yvelaze farTod gavrcelebuli gazeTi `koriere dela seram~
*gamoaqveyna 126-gverdiani aSkarad antiislamisturi wigni, romelic cno-
bilma italielma mweralma oriana falaCim dawera;
britaneli Jurnalisti darkus houi `gardianSi~ werda: `Semobruneba
*erTmaneTisken: vis eZaxi `nigers~? houi yuradRebas amaxvilebs Zaladobriv
dapirispirebaze dasavleT indoelebsa da somalielebs, agreTve dasavleT
indoelebsa da pakistanelebs Soris.
mediis mravalferovnebis institutis misiis umTavres elements warmo-
adgens is, rom gviCvenos, Tu rogor xdeba Jurnalisturi davalebis micema,
statiebis dawera da redaqtireba. institutis damfuZnebel direqtors
milica pesiCs sjera, rom Jurnalistebs ekisrebaT imaze meti pasuxismgeb-
loba, vidre mxolod faqtebis sworad gadmocema. maTi sityvebi potenciur
momakvdinebel iaraRs mogvagonebs. maT mZime daRis dasma SeuZliaT adami-
anebsa da zogadad sazogadoebaze. rogorc es SemTxveviT SerCeuli maga-
liTebic cxadyofs, zogierTi yvelaze gavleniani gazeTis Jurnalisti ga-
urkvevel standartebs amkvidrebs _ damwyebi demokratiis qveynebSi. Jur-
nalistebma TavianTi statiebisTvis, SesaZloa, modelad aseTi magaliTebi
gamoiyenon, rac mediis mravalferovnebis insitutis amocanas kidev ufro
arTulebs. pesiCi TavgamodebiT amtkicebs, rom Sesaferisi momzadebisa da
gadamzadebis Semdeg axali Taobis ganaTlebuli da pasuxismgeblobiT aR-
savse Jurnalistebi, SeZleben siZulviliT Sepyrobili sazogadoebis nayo-
fier da tolerantul demokratiul sazogadoebad gadaqcevas.
imisaTvis, rom Jurnalistebs davexmaroT, ukeT gaigon, rogor gaaSuqon
mravalferovneba, mediis mravalferovnebis institutma saxelmZRvanelo

11
gamosca. es saxelmZRvanelo Seicavs cudi, xSirad upasuxismgeblo da amazrzeni
statiebis nakrebs. es statiebi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas saswavlo masalad, rom
naTeli gaxdes, Tu ra saziano SeiZleba iyos gazeTi mkiTxvelisaTvis. am gazeTebis
redaqtorebi eqimebi rom yofiliyvnen, araprofesionalizmis gamo aucileblad
CamoerTmeodaT samedicino praqtikis ufleba.
amave dros, winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo konstruqciul rCevebs aZlevs Jur-
nalistebs [da yvelas, vinc SeiZleba dainteresebuli iyos Jurnalisturi praqti-
kis gaumjobesebiT], rogor aviciloT Tavidan axali Secdomebi. es saxelmZRvanelo
yvela aqtiuri praqtikosi JurnalistisTvis samagido wigni unda gaxdes, rom man
sakuTar Tavs dausvas kiTxva _ akmayofilebs Tu ara misi dawerili da redaqtire-
buli statia saxelmZRvaneloSi Camoyalibebul mravalferovnebis standartebs.
mravalferovnebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqebis praqtikuli mimar-
Tulebis garda arsebobs gonebrivi midgomac. es aris sakiTxi, romelSic sruliad
veTanxmebi milica pesiCs. mravalferovneba problemas ar warmoadgens, es ar aris
lodi, romelic tvirTad awevs qancgawyvetil redaqtorebsa da reportiorebs.
Wkviani, moxerxebuli redaqtori mixvdeba, rom mosaxleobis is nawili, romelic
ugulebelyofilia, an romelsac jerovnad ar emsaxurebian, SeiZleba axal mkiT-
xvelTa rigebs Seematos. `mravalferovneba kargad iyideba~ _ es fraza yvela
sainformacio studiaSi unda iyos gamokruli.
rojer koeni ìnterneiSenel herald tribiunSi~ wamowyebul `globalistur
svetSi~ aRniSnavda, rogor SeZles Serigeba istoriulad gadamterebulma qveynebma
_ germaniam da poloneTma. `ki, poloneTma da germaniam SeZles Serigeba, igive
SeuZliaT israelsa da palestinelebs,~_ werda koeni.
dasasrul, Jurnalistebs aqvT gansakuTrebuli interesi, wvlili Seitanon ise-
Ti msoflios SeqmnaSi, romelic zurgs Seaqcevs siZulvilsa da aratolerantu-
lobas. maT SeuZliaT praqtikulad ganaxorcielon is, rasac didma amerikelma
mweralma da Jurnalistma uolter lipmanma `sinaTlis maZieblis roli~ uwoda.
maT SeuZliaT TavianTi Jurnalisturi Suqi mianaTon im movlenebs, romlebic mora-
lurad ki ar akninebs adamianebs, aramed _ STaagonebs.
jon oueni
si bi es-is satelevizio axali ambebis

yofili mTavari redaqtori, Tavisuflebis
forumis evropuli centris damfuZnebeli
direqtori da londonis siti
universitetis Jurnalistikis fakultetis
mowveuli profesori

12
13
milica pesiCi 1. Sesavali

14
Sesavali
2003 wels me gaxldiT mwvrTneli erT-erT seminarze, romelic eZRvneboda me-

diasa da eTnikur umciresobebs da romelsac eswrebodnen Jurnalistebi
samxreT kavkasiidan. erT-erTma Cemma qarTvelma kolegam es RonisZieba
Seafasa, rogorc morigi seminari. man mogvianebiT agvixsna, rom mis qveya-
naSi im dros mimdinare politikuri daZabulobis fonze es Tema masmedi-
isaTvis naklebad saintereso iyo.
axlaxans man momwera, rom dro Seicvala. samxreT oseTi da afxazeTi
saqarTveloSi politikuri dRis wesrigis umTavresi yuradRebis centrSi
moeqca. àxla~, _ mwerda is, - `masmediis saSualebebi cdiloben yuradReba
dauTmon eTnikur umciresobebs da postkonfliqtur realobaSi maTTan
erTobliv TanacxovrebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs.~
misi TqmiT, èTnikuri umciresobebi sruliad pasiurebi iyvnen adgi-
lobrivi da saparlamento arCevnebis dros. isini ubralod ver axdenen
sakuTari Tavis asocirebas am qveyanasTan da isini TiTqmis arasdros arian
axali ambebis yuradRebis centrSi, situacia konfliqtur mdgomareobamde
ar aris misuli.~
baqoSi, mediis mravalferovnebis institutis mier organizebul Ronis-
Ziebaze, masmediis analitikosma aseTive situacia warmoadgina Tavis qve-
yanaSi: ùmciresobebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi ar Suqdeba, Tu amisTvis
ar arsebobs raime gansakuTrebuli mizezi.~ man iq Sekrebil Jurnalistebs
urCia: ès samedicino problemasTan midgomas hgavs. ubralod, yvelaferi
unda iRono imisaTvis, rom vinmes ziani ar miayeno.~
aseve, somxeTmac, evropis sabWos monacemebiT, ufro meti unda gaakeTos
eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis iseT sferoebSi, rogoricaa ganaTleba, mas-
mediis xelmisawvdomoba da umciresobaTa enebis gamoyeneba.
maSin, rodesac is mcireodeni yuradReba, romelic umciresobaTa sakiT-
xebs eTmoba, ZiriTadad eTnikuri umciresobebisken aris mimarTuli, isic
naTelia, rom regionis masStabiT mediis mier religiuri umciresobebis,
ltolvilTa/iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa da unarSezRudulTa Sesaxeb
sakiTxebis gaSuqeba erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi amocanaa.
postkonfliqtur realobaSi umciresobebTan Tanacxovreba da maTTvis
cxovrebis uflebis micema is sakiTxia, romelze muSaobac scada samxreT

15
kavkasiaSi mediis mravalferovnebis institutma. maTi umetesoba, visTanac Sexeba
gvqonia, umravlesobis warmomadgenlebi iqnebodnen Tu umciresobisa, ar
daeTanxmeboda Cems qarTvel kolegas im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom isini sakiTxs
ar uRrmavdebian. zedapirze marTlac SeiZleba arsebobdes ùfro seriozuli
sakiTxebi~, vidre eTnikur umciresebebTan dakavSirebuli problemebia, Tavi rom
davaneboT marginaluri da daucveli jgufebis kategoriebs. samxeT-aRmosavleT
evropis msgavsad, eTnikur umciresobaTa sakiTxi mxolod maSin xdeba aqtualuri,
roca konfliqti Cndeba.
bevr Cvengans, romlebmac socializmis epoqaSi gamovcadeT cxovreba, albaT
miamiturad sjeroda, rom berlinis kedlis dacema daamkvidrebda pirovnebis pa-
tiviscemasa da imis uflebas, rom iyo gansxvavebuli. Cven gvjeroda, rom politi-
kur, religiur da sxva gansxvavebebze damyarebuli SiSi garkveulwilad gzas da-
uTmobda axals da xelgaSlilad SevegebebodiT TanagrZnobisa da urTierTgagebis
xanas.
socialistur epoqasTan SedarebiT, bolo wlebis manZilze balkaneTsa da mTli-
anad samxreT-aRmosavleT evropaSi, agreTve yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi, mdgomareoba
gamosworda. magram adamianis uflebaTa uxeSi darRvevebi da eTnikuri dapirispi-
rebebi jer kidev arsebobs. diskriminacia da aratolerantuloba religiuri, sqe-
sobrivi, socialuri statusis, asakobrivi, fizikuri da emociuri mdgomareobis,
seqsualuri orientaciis, Tu sxva niSniT, safrTxes uqmnis stabilurobas zogierT
postkomunistur regionSi da nayofier niadags uqmnis eqstremizmis momxreebs.
mediis mravalferovnebis institutis mier samxreT kavkasiaSi dRemde Catare-
buli samuSao cxadyofs, rom xSirad masmediis saSualebebis mier aranairi infor-
maciis miwodeba ar xdeba, imisaTvis, rom msmenelma Tu mkiTxvelma gaigos maT gver-
diT mcxovrebi umciresobebis uflebebisa da tradiciebis Sesaxeb, gaigos, Tu ra
awuxebT maT. amis magivrad Jurnalistebi xSirad Zalian uaryofiTad, anda, ukeTes
SemTxvevaSi, zedapirulad aSuqeben movlenebs, rac winaswarganwyobasa da SiSis
gavrcelebas uwyobs xels.
es problema ar aris damaxasiaTebeli mxolod gardamaval periodSi myofi regi-
onebisTvis. bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi, Jurnalistebsa da masmediaSi gadawyveti-
lebaTa mimRebebs did britaneTSi, SeerTebuli Statebsa da dasavleTis sxva
qveynebSi didi Zalisxmeva mouxdaT, rom gaumjobesebuliyo sxvadasxva umcireso-
bebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebisa Tu movlenebis gaSuqebis praqtika. amJamad did
britaneTSi gacxovelebuli debatebi mimdinareobs sakiTxze: meti mravalferov-
neba Tu meti britaneloba? kanadaSi, e.w. kanaduri partikularizmi _ naxevrad
nacionalisturi jgufebisadmi loialurobis SenarCuneba _ kiTxvis niSnis qveS
dgas. niderlandebSi dgas sakiTxi, ramdenad iziareben imigrantebi holandiur
Rirebulebebs.
maSin, roca SedarebiT didi progresi iqna miRweuli e.w. `dasavleTSi~, dResac

16
ki, bevri Zebna ar dagvWirdeba, rom JurnalistTa masalebSi enis, eTnikuri stere-
otipebisa da mikerZoebis Seuracxmyofeli magaliTebi vipovoT. magram zemoaRniS-
nuli problema ufro met mniSvnelobas iZens iseT qveynebSi, romlebic axlaxans
daadgnen demokatiis Senebis rTul gzas. demokratiuli procesi gulisxmobs yvela
xalxis srul CarTvasa da integracias eris cxovrebaSi. masmedia Zlier socialur
iaraRs warmoadgens, romelsac ZaluZs da mobilizebuli unda iqnes, rom xeli
Seuwyos am urTierTgagebis damyarebis process. qveynebSi, romlebic demokratiis
Camoyalibebisken iswrafvian, Jurnalistebs SeuZliaT udidesi roli iTamaSon
eTnikur, religiur Tu sxva niSniT gansxvavebul sazogadoebebs Soris urTier-
Tobebis gardaqmnaSi, Tuki isini TavianTi misiis ganxorcielebas saR azrze dayr-
dnobiTa da mondomebiT Seecdebian.
acnobierebda ra masmediis zemoaRniSnul potencials, mediis mravalferovne-
bis institutma SeimuSava da ganaxorciela mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis tre-
iningis regionaluri programa. programis mizania profesionaluri Jurnalis-
tikis umaRlesi standartebis damkvidrebis xelSewyoba da institucionalizeba
treiningis strategiebis SemuSavebiTa da movlenaTa gaSuqebis praqtikuli ga-
mocdilebis miRebis mxardaWeriT, aseve, masmediis Zalebis mobilizebiT, rom xeli
Seewyos farTo sazogadoebis mier mravalferovnebis, umciresobebis da adamianTa
uflebebis Rrma Secnobas.
gvjera, rom movlenaTa samarTliani, miukerZoebeli da Rrma gaSuqeba umniSv-
nelovanesi faqtoria zemoaRniSnulis misaRwevad. igi aranakleb mniSvnelovania
winaswarganwyobisa da radikaluri politikuri miznebis winaaRmdeg dapirispi-
rebis dros. ufro metic, demokratiuli institutebis Camoyalibebasa da mraval-
ferovnebis pativiscemas Soris sasicocxlo kavSiria. ar arsebobs sruliad erT-
nairi sazogadoeba, da demokratiul mmarTvelobaze gadasvla SeuZlebelia am faq-
tis gacnobierebis gareSe. Tu Jurnalistikis ZiriTad funqcias sazogadoebis yve-
la wevris saWiroebebisa da miswrafebebis asaxva warmoadgens, maSin aucilebelia,
rom Jurnalistebma gamonaxon gzebi da xerxebi, rom es funqcia aRsruldes. da
ara mxolod Tanasworobis misaRwevad, aramed imisTvisac, rom gadaidgas nabiji,
rom yvelas hqondes SesaZlebloba, gaiziaros moqalaqed yofnis tvirTica da sar-
gebelic.
mravalferovnebis gaSuqebaze mxolod imis gamo ki ar vamaxvilebT yuradRebas,
rom is samagaliTo Jurnalistikis elements warmoadgens, aramed imitomac, rom
igi aseve warmatebuli biznespraqtikis erT-erTi nawilia. Tu masmediis saSuale-
bebi movlenaTa ufro farTo speqtrs gaaSuqeben, maT saSualeba miecemaT amJamad
viwrod dayofil bazris ufro didi nawili daikavon. isini aRmoaCenen, rom SeuZ-
liaT gaaZlieron TavianTi kavSirebi potenciur auditoriasTan, gansakuTrebiT
ki maTTan, visac arasdros ugrZvnia, rom maT cxovrebasa da perspeqtivebs pativs
scemen, anda kargad aSuqeben gazeTebsa Tu sxva sainformacio saSualebebSi.

17
gansxvavebebis miuxedavad, Cven yvela im sazogadoebis nawili varT, romelSic
gviwevs cxovreba da muSaoba. yvelas gvinda mSvidobiani cxovreba da Cveni sazo-
gadoebis ganviTarebaSi dadebiTi wvlilis Setana. isic gvinda,ojaxebis rCena da
SvilebisaTvis kargi ganaTlebis micema SegveZlos. Cven unda viswavloT Cveni
mravalferovnebis Zlierebisa da imedis, Semecnebisa da cnobismoyvareobis wyarod
aRqma, radgan mravalferovneba ar SeiZleba iyos xalxis ubedurebisa da masze
Zaladobis mizezi.
rogorc Jurnalistebs, unikaluri SesaZlebloba gveZleva, xeli SevuwyoT Se-
rigebis process. Cven SegviZlia davexmaroT sazogadoebis yvela wevrs, rom maT
sakuTari survilebi gamoxaton da problemebi wamoWran. Cven Segvwevs Zala, rom
aRmovfxvraT stereotipebi da mcdari warmodgenebi Cvensave sazogadoebaSi
mcxovrebi eTnikuri, rasobrivi Tu religiuri umciresobebis Sesaxeb. Cven gvaqvs
imis Zala, rom movlenaTa zusti da miukerZoebeli gaSuqebis gziT warvmarToT
diskusia da saerTo interesebis sferoebi ganvsazRvroT.
winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo warmoadgens im amomwuravi programis nawils, ro-
melic Seiqmna Camoyalibebis procesSi myofi sazogadoebebis daxmarebis mizniT,
rom maT SeZlon mravalferovnebisa da `sxvaTa~ sakiTxebis ukeT gadawyveta. prog-
ramis mTavari mizania, saSualeba misces Jurnalistebs, gaaumjobeson umcireso-
baTa, eTnikur jgufebs Soris urTierTobaTa da adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebis
gaSuqeba. saxelmZRvanelo SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes agreTve redaqtorebisa da
masmediis organizaciebis mflobelTa mier, radgan, saboloo jamSi, swored isini
arian pasuxismgebelni am sakiTxebis gaSuqebaze.
mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis programis Camoyalibebis dRidan mravalferov-
nebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelos rva versia gamoqveynda sxvadasxva qveyanaSi.
gamoica agreTve saxelmZRvanelos inglisurenovani saerTaSoriso versia Cvens
partnior organizaciebTan TanamSromlobiT. winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo Cvens
gamocdilebas agrZelebs da amjerad gTavazobT saswavlo masalasa da mravalfe-
rovnebis gaSuqebis treiningis sistemur meTodologias reportiorebisa da mas-
mediis sxva warmomadgenlebisaTvis. imedi gvaqvs, saxelmZRvanelo TqvenTvis sa-
sargeblo da advilad gamosayenebeli iqneba. Tavisuflad SegiZliaT saxelmZRva-
neloSi moyvanili masmediis mravalferovnebis institutis masalebi nebismier da-
interesebul pirs an organizacias gauziaroT _ rac ufro metisaTvis iqneba es
masalebi gamosadegi, miT ukeTesi iqneba. mxolod erTi saTxovari gvaqvs _ rodesac
am masalebs gamoiyenebT, aRniSneT, rom isini Cven mogawodeT.
gmadlobT.
milica pesiCi,
masmediis mravalferovnebis institutis direqtori
2004

18
19
2. zogadi
rCevebi
mravalferovnebis gasaSuqeblad

20
zogadi rCevebi mravalferovnebis gasaSuqeblad
J urnalistis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani amocanaa daweros imaT Sesaxeb,

vinc misgan Zireulad gansxvavdeba. ara aqvs mniSvneloba, es gansxvaveba eTni-
kuri warmomavlobaa, religiuri mrwamsi, seqsualuri orientacia, socialu-
ri fena Tu ekonomikuri statusi. Jurnalistis rolia, zustad gadmosces
adamianis Sexedulebebi, ideebi, msoflmxedveloba _ maSinac ki, Tu isini
uaRresad gansxvavebulia.
am miznis miRweva SesaZloa uaRresad rTuli iyos iseT mxareSi, rogori-
caa samxreT kavkasia, sadac socialuri da eTnikuri dayofis Sedegad sazo-
gadoeba danawevrda, magram am miznis miRweva SesaZlebelia. davuSvaT, Jur-
nalistebs undaT, rom sakuTar sazogadoebas urTierTgagebis damyarebasa
da Wrilobebis moSuSebaSi daexmaron. amisaTvis aucilebelia, rom maTi gan-
sxvavebulobis mimarT SiSisa da undoblobis gaRvivebis magivrad am gansx-
vavebis gagebasa da mis mimarT Semwynareblobas Seuwyon xeli.
rCevebi informaciis wyaroTa mosaZieblad
masalebisaTvis wyaroTa moZiebis zogierTi strategia ZiriTadad gansxva-

vebebis specifikur jgufebs an tipebs efuZneba. magram qvemoT moyvanili
rCevebi marTebulia nebismieri jgufisa Tu tipisaTvis:
rodesac statias eTnikur, socialur, religiur Tu sxva umciresobaTa

*Sesaxeb werT, Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom interviu am jgufis warmomadgen-
lisagan aiRoT da masalaSi maTi Sexedulebebic CarToT. sxva SemTxvevaSi,
isini, vis Sesaxebac statia iwereba, ara `subieqtebi~, aramed òbieqtebi~
gamodian. statiam mTeli jgufi ar unda gaakritikos am jgufis warmomad-
genelTaTvis sakuTari poziciis gamoxatvisa da braldebebze pasuxis gace-
mis SesaZleblobis micemis gareSe.
*ZalayuradReba gmarTebT sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis xmarebisas. sityvas didi

aqvs da SeuZlia rogorc nugeSiscema, aseve tkivilis miyenebac. sity-
vebis daukvirvebelma gamoyenebam SeiZleba eTnikuri da socialuri daZa-

21
buloba gamoiwvios, im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu Tqven amas miznad ar isaxavT. gaigeT,
Tu rogor, ra saxeliT urCevniaT umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebs, rom statiaSi
moixsenioT.
masalis Segrovebisas ecadeT gaacnobieroT _ rame winaswarganwyoba xom ara

*
gaqvT, anda mikerZoebuli xom ar brZandebiT? ra Tqma unda, ama Tu im sakiTxze
sakuTari Sexeduleba geqnebaT, magram sazogadoebaSi arsebul SexedulebebSi
eWvis Setana Jurnalistikis rolis erT-erTi nawilia. ama Tu im jgufis Sexeduleba
sxva jgufze faqtebs ki ara, stereotipebs efuZneba, Tumca xandaxan SeiZleba ste-
reotipi simarTlis elements Seicavdes. magaliTad, zogierTi homoseqsuali mama-
kaci qceviT qals hgavs [iseve, rogorc zogierTi heteroseqsuali mamakacic], mag-
ram maTi umetesoba aseTi ar gaxlavT.
yuradRebiT iyaviT iseTi frazebis xmarebisas, rogoricaa: `yvelasaTvis cno-

*bilia, rom~, anda àSkaraa, rom~. aseTi gamoTqmebiT, Jurnalistebi xSirad gamoxa-
taven sakuTar an im socialuri jgufis Sexedulebebs, romelsac Tavad miekuTv-
nebian. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, is, rac `mogvexseneba~, savsebiT SesaZlebelia tyuili
gamodges, anda winaswarganwyobas efuZnebodes. aseve SesaZlebelia, rom is gansa-
kuTrebul garemoebaSi momxdari faqtebis realur aRqmas asaxavdes.
socialur jgufebs Soris mimdinare konfliqtTa garemoebebi xSirad Zalze

*CaxlarTulia. rogorc wesi, orive dapirispirebul mxares legitimuri moTxovnebi
da Sexedulebebi aqvs. Jurnalistis roli am SexedulebaTa miukerZoeblad da aku-
ratulad asaxvaa. ecadeT, rTuli socialuri sakiTxebi ar warmoadginoT mxolod
Sav-TeTri ferebiT.
erTmaneTisagan gasxvavebuli xalxis gaSuqeba mxolod Tanabrad warmoCenisa

*da interesTa dabalansebis gamo ar unda xdebodes. masmediisaTvis igi warmatebuli
biznesis TvalsazrisiTac aris mniSvnelovani. mxolod erTi jgufis Sexedulebebis
warmoCeniT masmediis mravali warmomadgeneli zRudavs potenciur msmenelsa Tu
mkiTxvels. isini auditorias gazrdian, Tu, imavdroulad, sxva sazogadoebaTa ga-
Suqebasac Seecdebian.
*stimovlenaTa gaSuqebisas, ecadeT msmenelsa Tu mkiTxvels am movlenaTa konteq-

auxsnaT. eTnikuri, religiuri Tu socialuri dapirispireba umizezod ar iw-
yeba. rogorc wesi, konfliqts grZeli winaistoria aqvs xolme da mxareebis mier
warsulis interpretireba erTmaneTisagan Zalze gansxvavebdeba. manam, sanam masa-
lis Tanabrad warmoCenas SeecdebiT, unda gaigoT, ra xdeboda warsulSi, Semdeg
gadawyvitoT, ramdenad dawvrilebiT unda iqnes warsuli naCvenebi, rom mkiTxvelma
SeZlos ucilebeli detalebis gageba.

22
ipoveT raime sakiTxis Sesaxeb weris arastandartuli gzebi. gaatareT erTi dRe
*
usaxlkarosTan, lesboselTan an ltolviTan imisaTvis, rom gaigoT, rogor cxov-
roben isini, risi imedi aqvT, risi eSiniaT, Seesabamebian Tu ara isini TqvenTvis cnobil
stereotipebs. Tu romelime socialuri jgufi winaaRmdegia sakuTari wevrebis raime
gansakuTrebuli sityviT/saxeliT moxseniebisa, SeiswavleT am sityvis/saxelis
istoria. ra asociaciebs an azrebs iwvevs es sityva/saxeli? ratom aris es xalxi am
sityvis winaaRmdegi? ratom ganagrZobs sxva socialuri jgufi am sityvis Tqmas?
sxva sazogadoebaSic eZieT wyaroebi masalebisTvis. moZebneT iseTi pirebi, rom-

*
lebic Tanaxmani iqnebian informacia mogawodon imis Sesaxeb, Tu raze fiqroben
da saubroben maTi socialuri jgufis wevrebi, ra awuxebT maT. kavSirebi daamyareT
arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan, romlebic am sazogadoebebs warmoadgenen da
hkiTxeT, ra ar gauSuqebiaT jer maT cxovrebaSi. sTxoveT, rom mogiTxron im poli-
tikur, socialur, ekonomikur Tu sxva sakiTxebze, romelTa Sesaxeb, SesaZloa,
sxvagvarad ver SeityoT.
iyaviT skeptikuri. gadaamowmeT faqtebi. Seumowmeblad arasdros endoT naam-

*
bobs. mniSvneloba ara aqvs, es ambavi Tqveni sakuTari, Tu romelime sxva sazoga-
doebis wevrisgan modis. gaxsovdeT, rom yvelas, visganac intervius iRebT an esa-
ubrebiT, sakuTari Sexeduleba da interesebi aqvs. Tqven unda gaiTvaliswinoT
maTi Sexedulebebi, magram saWiroa maTi dabalanseba Tqveni danaxuliT da sxve-
bisagan gagebuliT.
ar gegonoT, rom eTnikuri an sxva umciresobebi monoliTuri erTeulebia. mi-

*
uxedavad imisa, rom SeiZleba Candes, TiTqos jgufis yvela wevrs erTnairi Sexe-
duleba aqvs _ cxovreba aseTi martivi ar aris. rodesac erTi jgufi xedavs, rom
meore jgufi mkvriv erTeulad arsebobs da moqmedebs, aman, SesaZloa, daZabulobis
gamwvaveba gamoiwvios. amgvari qceva safuZvels aZlevs dapirispirebul jgufs, is
azri ganimtkicos, rom maTi unda gveSinodes. gaesaubreT socialuri jgufis rac
SeiZleba met wevrs da maqsimalurad naTlad da detalurad warmoadgineT mosme-
nil SexedulebaTa mTeli speqtri.
bevrs Zalze uaryofiTi damokidebuleba aqvs gansxvavebuli socialuri jgufe-

*
bis mimarT. mxolod imitom, rom umciresobebze saubrisas xelisuflebis an samRv-
deloebis romelime warmomadgeneli, politikosi an sxva vinme Seuracxmyofel termi-
nebsa da gamoTqmebs xmarobs, ar niSnavs, rom Tqveni, rogorc Jurnalistis momzade-
bul masalaSi imave Seuracxmyofeli eniT unda iyos sakiTxi Tu movlena aRwerili.
Tu saWiro iqna, perifrazi gaukeTeT maT sityvebs. Tu sityvebis mTqmelis pirdapir
citirebas axdenT, unda aRniSnoT, rom umciresobebis warmomadgenlebi, vis mimarTac
es iqna naTqvami, amas Seuracxmyofelad da gamomwvevad miiCneven.

23
rCevebi sxva jgufebis warmomadgenlebisgan intervius asaRebad
*buliyaviT yuradRebiani da dafiqrebuli. unda gesmodeT, rom Tqvengan gansxvave-

xalxs SeiZleba JurnalistTan saubris Taviseburi SiSi hqondes, Tundac es
interviu pirveli ar iyos maTTvis. imisaTvis, rom ZiriTad Temaze saubris dawyeba
cotaTi gaadvildes, jer mcire `Sinauruli saubari~ gaabiT, maTi ojaxis an sam-
saxuris ambebiT dainteresdiT, hkiTxeT, riTi erTobian Tavisufal dros da a.S.
es maT xels Seuwyobs, rom Tavi ufro komfortulad igrZnon. amiT agrZnobinebT,
rom TqvenTvis isini marto umciresobis warmomadgenlebi ar arian da gesmiT, rom
maT cxovrebis sxva aspeqtebic aqvT.
intervius aRebisas darwmundiT, rom yvela maTi winapiroba sworad gesmiT.

*
gaarkvieT, winaaRmdegni xom ar arian, rom masalaSi maTi saxeli iqnas moxseniebuli.
SesaZloa saxelebis xsenebis winaaRmdegni ar iyvnen, magram ar surdeT, rom maTi
gvarebi iyos naxsenebi, an qalaqi, saidanac arian, anda raime sxva detali, romlis
mixedviTac SeiZleba maTi identificireba gaxdes SesaZlebeli. daeTanxmeT maT
moTxovnebs da gadarwmunebas nu SeecdebiT.
Tu arCevis SesaZlebloba gaqvT, interviusTvis iseTi adgili moZebneT, sadac

*isini Tavs yvelaze komfortulad igrZnoben. yvelaze kargi iqneba, Tu intervius
maTTvis nacnob garemoSi CamoarTmevT _ maT sakuTar binaSi Tu ofisSi _ isini
yvelaze Tavisuflad am garemoSi igrZnoben Tavs. es xels uwyobs maTi Sexedule-
bebis ukeT gagebasac, radgan Tqven saSualeba geZlevaT, rom am Sexedulebebs maT-
Tvis Cveul garemoSi gaecnoT. SeiZleba iq iseTi ram gagiziaron, ris Sesaxebac
ufro oficialur an uCveulo garemoSi arafers ityodnen.
*rommieciT saSualeba, rom ambavs ise mogiyvnen, rogorc es TviTon surT. Tu undaT,
xuTi an aTi wlis win momxdariT daiwyon, daacadeT, Tundac es imas ar exebodes,
risi gagebac Tqven gWirdebaT. ecadeT, sakmarisi dro gamoyoT, rom ar mogixdeT
maTze zewola, rom swrafad gadavidnen ZiriTad sakiTxze. xSirad, adamiani ufro
advilad laparakobs misTvis saWirboroto sakiTxebze, Tu saSualeba aqvs droSi
SeuzRudavad ilaparakos.
*romwinaswar CamowereT kiTxvebi, romlebis dasmasac apirebT. magram gaxsovdeT,

es saubris zogadi monaxazi ufro iqneba, vidre raime mkacrad gansazRvruli
gegma, saidan gadaxvevac dauSvebelia. rodesac kiTxvas dasvamT, yuradRebiT mo-
ismineT, ras gipasuxeben, rom, Tu saWiro iqneba, sxvanairad miudgeT. iyaviT ufro
moqnili. Tu Tqven ZiriTadad sakuTar warmodgenas eyrdnobiT, _ ris Sesaxeb unda
iyos interviu, rodesac Tqveni wyaro problemis raime mniSvnelovan, magram Sefa-

24
rul aspeqts aRwers, SeiZleba iseTi momentebi gamogrCeT, romlis Sesaxebac ara-
feri icodeT.
*undamiuxedavad imisa, rom gansxvavebulni arian, ar dauwyoT miTiTeba, Tu rogor

warmarTon Tavisi cxovreba. isini dauyovnebliv igrZnoben, Tu ki maT Sem-
faseblurad miudgebiT. amis gamo, SesaZloa, arakomfortulad igrZnon Tavi, an
ar gendon, rom maTgan miRebul informacias sworad gamoiyenebT. maT Tqvenze
ukeT esmiT sakuTari mdgomareoba _ swored amitom cdilobT maTgan intervius
aRebas.
ecadeT gaicnobieroT umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebis mimarT TqvenSi arse-

*buli yvela is rwmena an Sexeduleba, romelmac, SesaZloa, obieqturobaSi SegiSa-
loT xeli _ intervius msvlelobisa da statiis momzadebisas ecadeT daiviwyoT
winaswarganwyoba Tu Sexedulebebi. Tu im xalxze, romlis Sesaxebac werT, stere-
otipebze agebuli Sexedulebebi gaqvT da amas ar aRiarebT, didia albaToba, rom
am garemoebam Tqvens SekiTxvebsa da nawerSi iCinos Tavi.
gaxsovdeT, rom Tqveni wyaroebi eqspertebi arian. eqsperti mxolod eqims an

*mecniers ar niSnavs. isini sakuTari cxovrebis eqspertebi arian. nu ggoniaT, rom
iciT, ris Sesaxeb giamboben isini, radgan maSin veRar SeZlebT TqvenTvis moulod-
neli ambis aRqmas. Tqven gindaT, rom maT sakuTari cxovrebisa da gamocdilebis
Sesaxeb giambon _ Tqveni saqme, am naambobis mkiTxvelamde an msmenelamde mitanaa.
saubris dasasruls hkiTxeT, Tu icnoben iseT pirebs, romlebic intervius mi-

*cemaze daTanxmdebodnen. amgvari meTodi SesaZloa Zalze sasargeblo aRmoCndes
momavalSi sxva statiebisaTvis saWiro wyaroebis moZiebisaTvis. ra Tqma unda, rac
ufro yuradRebiani iqnebiT intervius aRebisas, miT metia SesaZlebloba, rom maT
siamovnebiT dagakavSiron sxva pirebs.
rac mTavaria, dafiqrdiT, rogor iyenebT mowodebul informacias. rodesac

*vinme interviuze gTanxmdebaT, amiT Zalze did SeRavaTs gikeTebT. rodesac maT
Sesaxeb dawerT, es TanagrZnobiTa da yuradRebiT unda gaakeToT. advilia msmene-
lisa Tu mkiTxvelis SeSineba, Tu gansxvavebul xalxs aRwerT xerxebiT, romlebic
Tqvens obieqturobas Crdils ayenebs _ stereotipebiT, gamomwvevi da Seuracx-
myofeli eniT, Seumowmebeli informaciiT da sxv. Tqveni valia, daexmaroT mkiTx-
velsa da msmenels, rom gaugon am sxva xalxs da maT mimarT SiSiT ki ara, Tanagr-
ZnobiT ganimsWvalon.

25
3. eTnikuri warmomavloba

26
eTnikuri warmomavloba
e Tnikurma dapirispirebam aSkarad udidesi damangreveli roli iTamaSa

msoflioSi bolo dros momxdar iseT omebsa da konfliqtebSi, rogorsac
adgili hqonda samxreT-aRmosavleT evropaSi. religiurma da sxva faqto-
rebma xeli Seuwyves dapirispirebis warmoSobas, magram yvelaze Zaladob-
rivi da agresiuli brZolis dawyeba ganapiroba xalxis, rogorc `sxvebis~
aRqmam maTi eTnikuri warmomavlobidan gamomdinare. ramac, Tavis mxriv,
gamoiwvia balkaneTis gamanadgurebeli tragediebis seria 90-ian wlebSi.
aseTive mdgomareobaa samxreT kavkasiaSic. ubralod, SexedeT, ra xdeba af-
xazeTSi, mTian yarabaRSi, samxreT oseTsa da aWaraSi.
samwuxarod, Jurnalistebsa da masmediis organizaciebs xSirad ugrZv-
niaT Tavi gansakuTrebiT delikatur da xandaxan gamouval mdgomareobaSi.
rogorc kerZo eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebisaTvis, maTTvis rTuli
yofila Jurnalisturi obieqturobis SenarCuneba, xSirad gausaZlisi
politikuri da socialuri zewolis gamoc. amis magivrad, maT xSirad Ca-
uTvliaT sakuTari Tavi ufro Tavisi konkretuli eTnikuri jgufis inte-
resebis damcvelad, vidre damkvirveblad, romelic unda cdilobdes arse-
buli situaciis mTeli kompleqsurobis Secnobas.
gaSuqebis dros es mikerZoebuli midgoma xSirad imaSi gamoixateba, rom
mowinaaRmdege eTnikuri jgufs ise xataven, TiTqos is sisxlmowyurebuli
boroti da erTaderTi damnaSave iyos konfliqtis dawyebaSi. Jurnalistebi
sistematurad uwyoben xels negatiuri stereotipebis arsebobas, ugule-
belyofen konfliqtebis gamomwvev socialur da politikur mizezebs, ar
iCenen Zalisxmevas, interviu CamoarTvan im adamianebs, romlebic umrav-
lesobis Sexedulebebs ar iziareben da ar warmoaCenen movlenebs iseT kon-
teqstSi, romelic xels Seuwyobda viTarebis ufro farTo gagebas.
imisaTvis, rom Jurnalistebs davexmaroT, dadebiTi roli iTamaSon eT-
nikuri gansxvavebebis gagebis da pativiscemis xelSewyobis saqmeSi _ gTa-
vazobT ramdenime kritikul SeniSnvas:
nurasodes dawerT statias, sanam intervius ar aiRebT im xalxisgan, ro-

*melsac gansaxilvel sakiTxze gansxvavebuli pozicia aqvs. nebismieri masala
Tavidanve mikerZoebulia, Tu igi mxolod erT garkveul Sexedulebas

27
eyrdnoba. Tu Tqveni wyaroebi mTel eTnikur jgufs akritikeben, am eTnikuri jgu-
fis warmomadgenlebs saSualeba unda mieceT, rom pasuxi gascen maTTvis wayenebul
braldebebs. sxva SemTxvevaSi Jurnalisti erTi romelime mxaris propagandis iara-
Ri xdeba.
yuradRebiT SearCieT sityvebi da gamoTqmebi. moerideT Seuracxmyofeli sit-

*
yvebis xmarebas, romlebic, SesaZloa, xSirad ixmarebodes gansxvavebuli eTnikuri
warmomavlobis xalxis mimarT. Tu im xalxis citirebas axdenT, vinc aseT gamoTqmas
iyenebs, girCevT pirdapiri citirebis magier maT perifrazirebas SeecadoT. es
metad saCoTiro sfero gaxlavT, radgan erT enaze zogierTi sityva SesaZloa Se-
uracxmyoflad ar JRerdes, magram sxva enaze uaRresad Seuracxmyofeli Sinaarsi
hqondes. ase rom, yvela niuansSi garkveva Tqveni, rogorc Jurnalistis, movale-
obaa. Tu ara xarT darwmunebuli, aris Tu ara romelime gamoTqma Seuracxmyofeli,
hkiTxeT imaT, vis mimarTac gamoTqma ixmareba, ra azrisa arian amis Sesaxeb.
eZieT informaciis wyaroebi gansxvavebuli eTnikuri warmomavlobis sazoga-

*
doebebSi. daukavSirdiT da SexvdiT im arasamTavrobo organizaciebs, romlebic
maT interesebs warmoadgenen. hkiTxeT, ra awuxebT, ris imedi aqvT an risi eSiniaT.
dausviT kiTxvebi Tavisi kulturisa da tradiciebis Sesaxeb. garkveuli dro da-
yaviT maTi kulturuli Tu socialuri TavSeyris adgilebSi _ skolaSi, TeatrSi,
saTvistomoSi an sxvagan. maT garemoSi CaRrmaveba, Tavidan ra arakomfortuladac
ar unda geCvenoT, maTi Sexedulebebis gagebisa da realurad Seswavlis saukeTeso
gzaa.
*lasadaukvirdiT sakuTar Tavs, rom Tqvens TavSi winaswarganwyoba amoicnoT. yve-

aqvs raRac warmodgenebi gansxvavebuli socialuri jgufis warmomadgenlTa
Sesaxeb. es warmodgenebi SeiZleba iyos rogorc cnobieri, ise qvecnobieric. maTi
arseboba savsebiT bunebrivia. amave dros, movlenaTa da sakiTxTa rac SeiZleba
efeqturad da akuratulad gaSuqeba imazea damokidebuli, ramdenad SeZlebT
Tqveni warmodgenebis gacnobierebasa da maT ugulebelyofas. es erTaderTi gzaa
imisaTvis, rom realurad SeZloT xalxis mier sakuTari cxovrebisa da grZnobebis
Sesaxeb monaTxrobis Secnoba.
darwmundiT, rom momxdar movlenebsa da Seqmnil mdgomareobas saWiro konteq-

*
stSi aqcevT. swori ar aris yuradRebis mxolod imaze gamaxvileba, Tu vin vis daesxa
Tavs guSin. umizezod araferi xdeba. eTnikuri uTanxmoebebisa da konfliqtebis
warmoSobis SemTxvevaSi Jurnalistebi TiToeul incidents xSirad erTmaneTisagan
izolirebulad ganixilaven _ TiTqos maT Soris aranairi kavSiri ar iyos. rogorc
wesi, orive mxares sakuTari interpretacia aqvs, rogor mivida saqme aqamde. imi-

28
saTvis, rom masala obiqturad warmoadginoT, unda SeiswavloT movlenaTa ganvi-
Tarebis istoria da gaacnoT mkiTxvelsa Tu msmenels, rom man SeZlos realurad
arsebul sirTuleebSi garkveva.
dapirispirebul jgufebSi xalxs gaesaubreT. nu dasjerdebiT mxolod imaTTan

*saubars, vinc Tavs am jgufebis liderebad warmogidgenT. xSirad, movlenaTa Su-
agulSi myofi kacebis, qalebisa Tu bavSvebis Sexedulebebi Zlier gansxvavdeba im
pirTa Sexedulebebisagan, romlebic viTom mTel jgufis saxeliT gamodian. am
xalxs hkiTxeT, maTi azriT, warmoadgens Tu ara xalxis saxeliT ganxorcielebuli
esa Tu is strategia maTi miznebis miRwevis yvelaze efeqtur gzas.
*ze. nu gaamaxvilebT yuradRebas eTnikuri dapirispirebis mxolod aSkara Sedegeb-

ecadeT, rom konfliqtis naklebad TvalSi sacemi Sedegebi ganixiloT. ra saxis
fsiqologiur travmebs iRebs xalxi? ra gavlenas axdens mimdinare konfliqti
socialur da ekonomikur sferoebze? momavalSi ra Sedegs iqoniebs dRevandeli
movlenebi?
*Rebimovlenebis ormxrivi gaSuqebisas ecadeT aRmoaCinoT orive mxarisaTvis misa-

elementebi da Semdgom xazgasmiT aRniSnoT isini. advilia iseTi xalxis povna,
visac survili aqvs Cirqi moscxos dapirispirebuli eTnikuri jgufis warmomad-
genlebs. magram reportiori, romelic sakiTxs uRrmavdeba da bevr kiTxvas svams,
aRmoaCens, rom sinamdvileSi im miznebSi, romelTa miRwevasac dapirispirebuli
mxareebi cdiloben, ar aris ise didi gansxvaveba, rogorc es xalxs hgonia.
ecadeT aramebrZolTa emociebsa da, imavdroulad, uSualod velze mimdinare

*movlenebze gaamaxviloT yuradReba. yvelafers rom Tavi davaneboT, Cven adami-
anebi varT da dapirispirebuli jgufis mSvidobian moqalaqeTa gancdili SiSi da
tkivili ufro gamoiwvevs Cvens TanagrZnobas, vidre politikosebisa da generle-
bis gamomwvevi an agresiuli gancxadebebi. umravlesobas bavSvis an mSoblis daRup-
va, saxlis da imedis dakargva TanagrZnobas uCens.
*lasnuerTi
gegonebaT, rom dapirispirebul mxareTagan romelime monoliTuria da yve-
azri amoZravebs da erT gunebazea. yvela sazogadoebaSi iqneba iseTi
vinme, vinc umravlesobis pozicias ar iziarebs. zogi SeiZleba eridebodes sakuTa-
ri azris gamoTqmas, radgan SiSi aqvs, rom amas mezoblebis, politikosebis Tu
sxvaTa SurisZieba mohyveba. gaxsovdeT, rom erTi SexedviT erTian sazogadoebaSic
ki, aris gansxvavebuli azris mqone xalxis nawili _ da Tqven yvela Rone unda
ixmaroT, rom isini aRmoaCinoT da maTi Sexedulebebi gaaSuqoT.

29
iseTi gamomwvevi zedsarTavi saxelebis xmarebis magier rogorebicaa: àraada-
*mianuri~, ùmowyalo~, `barbarosuli~, jobs ecadoT, akuratulad aRweroT mov-
lenebi da miuTiToT Tqveni informaciis wyaroebi. xSirad Jurnalistebi amgvar
epiTetebs erT-erTi mxaris demonebad warmoCenis miznad iyeneben, rac, nebsiT Tu
uneblieT, aiZulebs meore mxares, rom Zaladoba ganagrZos.
amgvari qmedebebiT, isini konfliqtSi monawile mxolod erTi mxaris miznebs
aRweven da mxolod maT Sexedulebebs avrceleben.
gaxsovdeT, iyaviT skeptikuri. konfliqtSi monawile nurc erT mxares nu mis-

*cemT TqveniT manipulirebisa da Tqveni gamoyenebis saSualebas. SeZlebisdagvarad
maqsimalurad SeamowmeT TiToeuli faqtis sinamdvile. Tu bolomde darwmunebuli
ara xarT, rom esa Tu is informacia sinamdviles Seesabameba, an saerTod nu moix-
seniebT mas masalaSi, anda aRniSneT is konkretuli wyaro, romlisganac es infor-
macia miiReT. gagonilis Sefasebisas mxedvelobaSi iqonieT informaciis wyaros
sandooba warsulSi. Tqveni msmenelisa Tu mkiTxvelisaTvis rac SeiZleba deta-
lurad aRwereT informaciis momwodeblebi da maTi motivebi, rom xalxma Tavad
SeZlos maTi sandoobis Sefaseba.
ugulebelyaviT xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa Tu sxvaTa moTxovnebi, rom

*Tqven gamoiCinoT, `saWiro loialuroba~ an èTnikuri solidaroba~. Tqven ar
gevalebaT eqstremistuli moqmedebebis gamomwvevi Seumowmebeli Worebisa da ra-
sistuli stereotipebis gavrceleba, anda erTi romelime jgufis mxardamWeri
kiJina. Tqveni loialuroba da solidaroba Tqvens mkiTxvelsa da msmenels ekuT-
vnis, visTvisac Tqven yvelaze amomwurav da akuratul informacias unda agro-
vebdeT.
bevrs Zalze uaryofiTi damokidebuli aqvs gansxvavebuli eTnikuri jgufebis

*mimarT. Tu zogierTi xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli, politikosi, RvTis msaxuri
an sxva vinme Seuracxmyofel sityvebsa da gamoTqmebs xmarobs, es ar niSnavs, rom
Tqven, rogorc Jurnalists, Tqvens momzadebul masalaSi imave Seuracxmyofeli
eniT mogeTxovebaT sakiTxisa Tu movlenis aRwera. Tu saWiro iqna, perifrazi ga-
ukeTeT maT sityvebs. Tu sityvebis mTqmelis pirdapir citirebas axdenT, unda
aRniSnoT, rom umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebi, vis mimarTac es sityvebi iTqva,
amgvar enas Seuracxmyofelad da gamomwvevad miiCneven.

30
saswavlo masala
Semdeg TavSi moyvanili saswavlo masala gvTavazobs im statiebis analizs, rom-
lebic masmediis mravalferovnebis insitutma samxreT kavkasiaSi, evropasa da ame-
rikis SeerTebul StatebSi Seagrova. statiebze darTulia komentarebi, romlebic
warmoaCens efeqturi da problemuri Jurnalisturi praqtikis magaliTebs da
gvTavazobs midgomebsa da rCevebs mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis gasaumjobeseblad.
am statiaSi aRwerili movlenebi sruliad gaugebaria, rac imiTaa gamowveuli, rom

igi eyrdnoba boSebis, rogorc qurdi da SurismaZiebeli xalxis stereotips. rogorc
Cans, aravis ucdia, gasaubreboda am saqmeSi CarTul romelime boSas, rom mas moewo-
debina zogadi informacia arsebuli viTarebis Sesaxeb, rogoricaa, magaliTad, eT-
nikuri dapirispireba da raime saxis agresiuli qmedeba meore mxridan.
3. a) boSebi culebiT daesxnen t saTauri avtomaturad

qmnis brZolis suraTs:
Tavs samxedro policiis boSebi darbian culebiT

da, rogorc Cans, sruli-
ad umizezod esxmian Tavs
Zalebs policias. naTelia, rom

simarTle gacilebiT mra-
valmxrivia.
revoluciis msgav-
si movlenis aRwera
u s amSabaT saRamos botevgradis ma-
TavisTavad Zalian xloblad, tyeSi moxda masobrivi
gamomwvevia, gansa- Cxubi, romelic revolucias hgavda.
t yvelas hqonda culi? sta-
kuTrebiT, Tu in- saRamos cxris naxevarze 50-idan tia gulisxmobs, rom ki,
cidentSi monawi- 60-mde culebiT SeiaraRebuli boSa ase iyo. Tu ase iyo, maSin
leobda ramdenime Tavs daesxa metyeveebsa da samxed- SeiZleba gvefiqra, rom
aTeuli, da ara aso- ro policias, mas Semdeg, rac Seit- romelime Tanamdebobis
biT da aTasobiT bo- piri unda momkvdariyo an
yves, rom maTi megobrebi da naTesa-
Sa. fraza isea awyo- mZimed mainc daWriliyo.
vebi daakaves da daapatimres tyis
bili, rom SiSi ga- radgan Jurnalisti ar
moiwvios, da mkiTx- ukanonod Wrisa da qurdobisaTvis.
axsenebs rame Wrilobas,
velma ver gaacno- rodesac adgilze samxedro po- SesaZloa, incindenti arc
bieros, ra moxda si- liciis Zalebi gamoCndnen, maT ha- ise seriozuli da saSiSi
namdvileSi. erSi gasroliT scades boSebis Se- iyo, rogorc aRweres. bo-
Cereba. magram maT, araTu ukan ar da- Sebis mxridan aseTi qce-
ixies, piriqiT, policiis oficre- vis motivaciac gaugeba-
ria. konkretulad vin iyo

31
daWerili? mainc ra Caidines ise-
bis Tvalwin daiwyes maTi
Ti, ramac maTi daWera gamoiw-
manqanebis saburavebis Cex-
via? romeli kanoni daarRvies?
es SeiZleba marTa- u va. sad daakaves isini? saerTod, da-
lic iyos, magram nu- amJamad qalaqis satyeo akaves ki? uecrad rogor Seit-
Tu ocdaeqvsive Ta-
meurneobis TanamSromlebi yves danarCenma boSebma ase jgu-
namSromelma dawera
panikaSi arian, ocdaeqvsi- furad momxdaris Sesaxeb?
gancxadeba Tanamde-
bobidan wasvlis Se-
vem samuSaodan wasvlis Ta-
saxeb? Jurnalistma obaze gancxadeba dawera.
isini amboben, rom boSebis t xom ar niSnavs es, rom isini Tavs
marTla moismina 26-
policias ki ara, maT manqanebs
ve TanamSromlisgan, SurisZiebisa eSiniaT.
daesxnen? policielebi ubra-
rom maTi samsaxuri-
lod gverdze idgnen da uyureb-
dan wasvlis mizezi `24 saaTi~, sofia, dnen, rogor afuWebdnen maT sa-
boSebis SurisZiebis
bulgareTi, buravebs? rogor damTavrda in-
SiSia, Tu es varaudi
2002 wlis 29 agvisto cidenti?
da iseTi informaci-
aa, romelic konkre-
tuli wyaroebidan
modis? konkretuli
muqara iyo, Tu maTi
SiSi ubralod boSeb-
ze Seqmnil stereo-
tipebs efuZneboda?
ratom ar scada Jur-
nalistma komentaris
miReba romelime Ta-
namSromlisgan an ro-
melime boSisgan? ua-
misod statia Zalian
gaugebaria imisaT-
vis, rom incindentis
saTanado gaSuqebad
CaiTvalos.

32
saTauri, romelic gazeTis pirveli gverdis zeda nawilSia dabeWdili, faqtad asaxelebs
imas, rac eWvis saxiT arsebobs, magram jer ar aris damtkicebuli. rogorc statiidan
Cans, boSebis banda an bandebi SeiZleba ki Zarcvavdnen, magram, rogorc etyoba, araTu
ar dausjiaT danaSaulisTvis, aramed arc ki dauWeriaT, da iseTi gamomwvevi da xmamaRali
sityvebis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa `Tavdamsxmeli~ da `mZarcveli~, emsaxureba mxolod
boSebis mimarT winaswarganwyobis gaRvivebas, romlebic, SesaZloa, arc ki monawileob-
dnen am ambebSi.
3. b) boSa Tavdamsxmelebi dasavleTs

Zarcvaven
aqedan ise Cans, TiTqos, isini gaugebrad imitom
es aRmosavleTevropuli war-
laparakoben, rom sxvadasxva dajgufebis warmo-
madgenlebi arian da qurdobis taqtika aqvT ase-
moSobis bandaa, romelic Tavis Ti. magram Tu isini warmoSobiT sxva qveynidan
msxverpls gaugebari lapara- arian, ra Tqma unda, maTi laparaki gaugebari iq-
kiT abnevs. boSebi, viTom savaW- t neba imisTvis, vinc maT enaze ar laparakobs.
rod, jguf-jgufad dadiodnen
maRaziebSi. sinamdvileSi ki
wvrilman qurdobaTa seriiT qve-
ynis dasavleTi da centraluri aqac faqtad aris moyvanili is, razec mxolod
nawilebidan aTeul aTasobiT eWvi arsebobs. Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom Jur-
evro gaitaces. t nalistebma mkveTrad ganasxvaon es ori ram.
maTi bolo samizne xuTSabaT
saRamos iyo brikensis fosta
klaremorisis maxloblad, sa-
dac bandam maRaziis gamyidve-
lis yuradRebis gasafantad
Cvili bavSvi gamoiyena, manamde visi monayolia es? danaSaulis aRwerisas yovel-
ki seifis gasaRebi Caigdo xel- Tvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs wyaros miTiTebas, _
Si da didi odenobiT fuli ga- es TviTmxilvelis monayolia, Tu policiis mier
itaca.
t aris dadasturebuli?
banda Sedgeboda ori mamaka- rogor tansacmelze laparakobs Jurnalisti?

cisa da 4-5 qalisagan, romle- aucilebelia dakonkreteba. es erTaderTi momen-
bic, aRweris mixedviT, Savgvre- tia statiaSi, sadac masalaa warmodgenili im az-
ris gasamyareblad, romelic pirvel paragrafSi
manebi iyvnen da, savaraudod,
moyvanilia rogorc faqti _ rom eWvmitanili
aRmosavleTevropuli, ufro ki mZarcvelebi aRmosavleTevropelebi arian. daak-
boSuri tansacmeli ecvaT. t virdiT: maSin, roca saTauri mZarcvelebs `bo-
brikensze Tavdasxmis dros Sebs~ uwodebs, Cven aRmovaCineT, rom es faqti ki
ar aris, aramed, ubralod, varaudia. es erTader-
qalma moatyua daxlis ukan
Ti adgilia statiaSi, sadac eWvmitanili mZar-
cvelebis eTnikuri warmomavloba mxolod avto-
riseuli daskvnaa da ara faqti.

33
mdgari gamyidveli, TiTqos isini eZebdnen sakvebs
bavSvisTvis, romelic erT-erT maTgans xelSi eWira. t isev, ra aris am informa-
jgufis maRaziidan wasvlis Semdeg aRmoCnda, rom ciis wyaro?
fuli gaqra.
banda aseT taqtikas iyenebs bolo TveebSi mom-
xdari mTeli rigi Tavdasxmebis dros aRmosavleT ma-
ioSi. maTi msxverpli gaxda maRaziis xanSi Sesuli me-
patrone, romlis saZinebelsac Tavs daesxnen 11 iv-
niss, arCevnebis dRes, roca is cdilobda `maT momsa-
xureboda~.
erT-erTi msxverpli, romelic oTxmoc wels aris
gadacilebuli, `konoT telegrafs~ mouyva: `jgufSi
xuTi qali iyo. yvela xmamaRla laparakobda da Ta-
roebze dalagebul sagnebze uTiTebdnen. isini dasa-
lev Sokolads iTxovdnen. maT Zalian Semawuxes. vcade
maTTvis meTqva, rom erTdroulad mxolod erTs mo-
vemsaxurebodi.~
maRaziis mflobelma mxolod mogvianebiT aRmo-
aCina fulis dakargva, maSin, roca Tavis saZinebelSi
wavida saqonlis momwodeblisTvis fulis gadasaxde-
lad.
`gardais~ mixedviT dasavleTsa da qveynis cent-
ralur nawilSi bolo Tveebis manZilze amgvari qur- uecrad, rogorc Cans, er-
dobis mTeli seria ganxorcielda, iseve, rogorc fu- Ti bandis nacvlad ramde-
lis moparvis warumatebeli mcdeloba nilSi, belin- nime banda amoqmedda. yve-
la boSebis bandaa, Tu Jur-
robis maxloblad.
nalists erTmaneTSi ereva
gamoZiebaSi CarTulma erT-erTma ufrosma ofi-
bevri Zarcvis faqti, rom-
cerma guSin [samSabaTs] ganacxada: `metsac getyviT, lebsac araferi aqvT erT-
es bandebi CvenTvis saSiSroebad gadaiqcnen~. maneTTan saerTo, imis gar-
ken brenani, suinfordis olqis `gardais~ xelmZR- da, rom yvela Zarcvis ka-
vaneli, aRniSnavs, rom `gardai~ guldasmiT cdilobda tegorias miekuTvneba? es
gamoeZiebina incidentebis jaWvi. statia yvela Zarcvas er-
Tad ganixilavs da, amgva-
brenanma ganacxada, rom, misi azriT, regionSi ram- t
rad, qmnis STabeWdilebas,
denime banda moqmedebs. àseTi saxis danaSauli far-
rom yvela momxdar inci-
Tod aris gavrcelebuli. miuxedavad imisa, rom adgi-
dentze boSebi arian pasu-
li ara aqvs Zaladobas an cecxlsasroli iaraRis ga- xismgebelni. SeiZleba isi-
moyenebas, aseTi saxis danaSauli ganuzomel travmas ni iyon damnaSaveebi _ Jur-
ayenebs msxverpls,~ _ aRniSna man. nalistma ise arasakmari-
sad warmoaCina samxili,
`konoT telegrafi~, kaslbari, maios olqi, irlandia, rom mkiTxveli SeiZleba
aseT daskvnamde mivides.
2004 wlis 7 ivlisi

34
es statia imis kargi magaliTia, roca vinmes eTnikuri warmomavlobis xazgasma arafers
matebs sazogadoebis sworad informirebas. Tavdamsxmeli rom ungrelia, ar iqoniebda
gavlenas imaze, rac sinamdvileSi moxda. SeiZleba amas aqvs mniSvneloba, magram Jurna-
listma unda warmoadginos ufro meti informacia, rom zemoTqmuli daamtkicos. aseTi
saxiT dabeWdili statia gamoiwvevs emociebis gamwvavebas zogadad ucxoelebis, kerZod
ki ungrelebis mimarT.
3. g) erTi Ramis stumari

xelSi danas iRebs t saTauri faqtebs ar eyrdnoba.
sasamarTlo procesis an aRi-
arebis gareSe Cven saerTod ar
viciT, ra moxda. iqneb, piter f.
f loridsdorfi _ 50 wlis piter f.-m Tavs daesxa Tavis stumars, da es
floridsdorfidan gaurkvevel vi- ukanaskneli ubralod Tavs
TarebaSi gaicno kaci erT-erT gare- icavda. Cven warmodgena ara
gvaqvs, ra iyo Cxubis mizezi, an
ubanSi, franc-ionasis moedanze mde-
rogor ganviTarda movlenebi.
bare rkinigzis sadgurze. man saxlSi
Cven arc imas gveubnebian, vin
dapatiJa 28 wlis ungreli. SabaTs misca informacia Jurnalists,
RamiT maT iCxubes da ungrelma da- piter f-m Tu policiam?
niT daWra maspinZeli. am ukanasknel-
ma SeZlo Tavis gadasarCenad mezo- gaugebaria meore sakiTxic. ras
belTan gaqceva. ungreli mis binaSi gulisxmobda Jurnalisti, rom
aq hqonda adgili homoseqsu-
daapatimres.
alur kavSirs? Tu policia an
piter f. amtkicebs, rom ase iyo,
es garkveviT unda Candes. Tu es
`kurieri~, vena, avstria,
mxolod Jurnalistis gakeTe-
2004 wlis 18 maisi
buli daudasturebeli miniSne-
baa, maSin SeiZleba usamarTlo-
bac iyos. iqneb ufrosi kaci ub-
ralod cdilobda vinmes daxma-
rebas. SesaZloa man meores dax-
mareba SesTavaza samsaxuris po-
vnaSi. Cven warmodgena ara
gvaqvs, ra moxda, radgan mokle
statia amis Sesaxeb arafers
gveubneba.

35
es statia exeba iseT Zalze mniSvnelovan da emociur sakiTxs, rogoricaa somxebTan da-
mokidebuleba TurqeTSi. saTauri, cota ar iyos, mcdaria. es aris statiidan amoRebuli
citata, romelsac kiTxvis forma hqonda da brWyalebis moSorebis Sedegad mtkicebad
gadakeTda. ase is gadaiqca faqtis deklarirebad _ erTi adamianis gamoxatul ritorikul
azrad. ra Tqma unda, somexi rom iyo, TurqeTSi wminda saxis danaSauli ar aris, magram
karolin jamguezi sakuTar Tavze grZnobs, TiTqos es danaSaulis tolfasia _ es gan-
sxvaveba ki saTaurSi ar Cans. SeiZleba es Zalian pretenziul SeniSvnad mogeCvenoT, magram
saqme imaSia, rom bevri mxolod saTaurs waikiTxavs da masze dayrdnobiT mkiTxvels Se-
saZloa sruliad araswori warmodgena Seeqmnas. faqtebi isedac problemuria, ar aris
aucilebeli maTi zedmeti dramatizeba da gazviadeba.
3. d) TurqeTSi danaSaulad iTvleba,

Tu somexi xar
a se werda TurqeTSi eTnikur umciresobaTa uf-
lebebis darRvevebis gaSuqebisas harut sasuniani,
gazeT `kalifornia kurieris~ direqtori da gamom-
cemeli, 4 seqtembris sagazeTo svetSi: t radgan gazeTi sxva gazeTis
faqtia, rom TurqeTSi mcxovrebi umciresobebi, statias imeorebs, sasargeb-
lo iqneboda raime faqtebis
maT Soris somxebi, asirielebi, berZnebi, ebraelebi
moyvana meore gamomcemlobis
da qurTebi, mxolod Tavis umTavres samoqalaqo
Sesaxeb, rom mkiTxvels infor-
uflebebs ki ar arian moklebulni, aramed iseT SiS- maciis Sefasebis saSualeba
Si cxovroben, rom verc ki bedaven laparaks Tavisi hqondes. sad gamoicema is, ka-
cxovrebis damTrgunveli pirobebis Sesaxeb. Turqi liforniaSi, Tu vivaraudebT
aqtivistebis jgufi, romelmac ikisra adamianis rom is marTlac iq gamoice-
uflebebis dacva, aseTsave SiSSi cxovrobs da sa- ma? saidan iRebs sasuniani Ta-
vis informacias? TviTon Ca-
kuTari sicocxlis fasad bedavs darRvevebisa da
moarTva interviu am qals,
devnis gamoaSkaravebas. miuxedavad TurqeTis mTav-
Tu es meore an Tundac mesame
robis dapirebisa, Seasrulos evrokavSirSi gawev- piris informaciaa?
rianebisaTvis aucilebeli valdebulebebi, bevri
aseTi Turqi aqtivisti dRes cixeSi zis.
iSviaTia umciresobis warmomadgeneli imdenad
gambedavi iyos, rom SeZlos Seuracxmyofeli mopy-
robis gaprotesteba. erTi aseTi gambedavi adami-
ania karolin jamguezi, somexi farmacevti baxCi-
saraidan, romelic, Tavis gaTurqulebuli saxelis

36
miuxedavad, kvlav idevneba TurqeTis
mTavrobis mier somxuri warmoSobis
gamo.
karolin jamguezma TurqeTis pre-
sas ganucxada, rom TurqeTis mTavroba
wlebis manZilze devnida mas somexi wi-
naprebis gamo. baxCisaraiSi dasaxle- t es somexi winaprebis mizeziT xdeboda, Tu
bamde is qalaqidan qalaqSi gadadioda, misi politikuri saqmianobis gamo, razec mi-
raTa Tavi daeRwia braldebebisTvis, uTiTebs Semdegi winadadeba? orive gaumar-
Tlebelia, magram erTi da igive ar aris, da
rom is aralegaluri organizaciebis
Jurnalistmac ar unda gaaigivos.
wevri iyo. is cixeSic ki Casves.
`TurqeTSi, yvelas, vinc Turqi ar
aris, mudmivad Seuracxmyofelad epy-
robian. xolo Tu Tqven somexi xarT, sa-
erTod ar gagaCniaT cxovrebis ufle-
ba.~ Tqva man da gaagrZela: `wlebis man-
Zilze qveyanaSi bevrs vmoZraobdi, mag-
ram yovelTvis videvnebodi somxuri
es seriozuli braldebebia, magram maSinac
warmoSobis gamo. baxCisaraiSi, sadac
ki, Tu vivaraudebT, rom es simarTlea, Tur-
afTiaqi gavxseni, devna ar Sewyvetila. qeTis mTavrobis warmomadgenlebs unda mi-
am adgilas mosamsaxure oficrebis um- eceT saSualeba upasuxon am braldebebs. ra
ravlesoba dakavSirebulia `mili hare- saSineli gamocdilebac ar unda hqonoda am
ketis~ partiasTan. ufrosebi afrTxi- qals, es sruliad ar niSnavs, TiTqos som-
leben TavianT oficrebsa da sofle- xebs saerTod ara aqvT TurqeTSi cxovrebis
lebs, `Tu wamals karolinis afTiaqSi ufleba, radgan bevri maTgani realurad
cxovrobs TurqeTSi. aseve Zalian gaugeba-
iyidiT, Cven CamogarTmevT iaraRs da
ria misi devnis istoria. ra moxda sinamdvi-
dagxvretTo. miuxedavad imisa, rom me
leSi? upirveles yovlisa, rogor gaxsna af-
wamlis gayidvaze mTavrobisgan maqvs Tiaqi? Tu mas ase devnidnen, saidan hyavda
licenzia aRebuli, veravin bedavs Cems saerTod momxmareblebi? marTla SeaSines
afTiaqSi wamlis SeZenas. Cems muStrebs samxedroebma yvela, vinc misgan wamals yi-
mudmivad aSineben. maT barierebic ki dulobda? ras amboben TviTon Turqebi am
Semiqmnes d xels miSlian, rom wamlebis braldebebis Sesaxeb? Jurnalisti arana-
axalma partiam Cems afTiaqamde moaR- irad ar amyarebs Tavis pozicias detalebiT,
wios.~ t romlebic naTels mohfenda am istorias.
man Jurnalistebs uTxra, rom yars-

Si muSaobisas brali dasdes aralega-
luri qurTuli jgufis [PKK] wevroba-
Si da 3,5 TviT cixeSi Casves. is yarsSi t rogor moxda es? marTla ase iyo? Tu ara,
gadavida, rom Tavi daeRwia devnisgan, maS ra safuZvelze daapatimres?
rasac stambolSi ganicdida. cixidan

37
gamosvlis Semdeg igi erzerumsa da er-
zinCanSi [erznka] cxovrobda, sadac
kvlav daapatimres 3,5 TviT. is ixseneb- t zustad risTvis?
da, rom stambolSi, misi afTiaqis win,
policiis ori manqana dRedaRam, 24 sa-
aTis ganmavlobaSi morigeobda. mas
brali dasdes teroristuli organiza-
ciis wevrobaSi. bolos Tavisas miaRwi-
es da karolini gaakotres. man Tavisi t romel qalaqSi iyo am dros?
istoria Semdegi SekiTxviT daamTavra:
`nuTu TurqeTSi danaSaulia, iyo so-
mexi?~
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT TurqeTis re-
JimisaTvis damaxasiaTebel daundob-
lobas, karolin jamguezis ubedureba
SeiZleba mxolod axla iwyebodes, rad-
gan man gabeda Tavisi uflebebis darR-
vevaze xmamaRla laparaki. adamianis
uflebebis damcveli evropuli da ame-
rikuli organizaciebi, aseve dasavle-
Tis mTavrobebi, valdebulni arian misi
mdgomareobis zusti monitoringi ga-
naxorcielon, rom am adamianis usafr-
Txoeba uzrunvelyon. t romeli organizaciebi? romeli mTavrobe-
genocididan oTxmocdarva wlis bi? romeli wyarodan aqvs Jurnalists mi-
Semdeg TurqeTis mTavroba ara marto Rebuli es informacia? dadasturda Tu
uaryofs warsulSi momxdar faqtebs, ara es informacia im organizaciebis mier,
romlebmac monitoringi unda Caataron?
aramed agrZelebs taleatis politi-
kas, rom arc erTi somexi ar darCes
TurqeTSi. t es aSkarad gazviadebuli gancxadebaa. rac
ar unda momxdariyo genocidis dros, aSka-
raa, rom dRes TurqeTi, ra diskriminaci-
gazeTi èiziji~,
uli politikac ar unda hqondes, somxebs
erevani, somxeTi,
fizikurad ar anadgurebs. garda amisa,
2003 wlis 13 seqtemberi Jurnalisti ar iZleva sxva informacias,
oficialurs Tu araoficialurs, imis Se-
saxeb, Tu ramdeni somexia dRes faqtobri-
vad TurqeTSi. mkiTxvelisTvis sasargeblo
iqneboda amis codna, Tu statiis Sinaarss
gaviTvaliswinebT.

38
es aris Zalze mikerZoebuli statia, romelsac SeuZlia mxolod gaamwvavos dapirispi-
reba, imis magivrad, rom informacia miawodos vinmes imis Sesaxeb, Tu sinamdvileSi ra
xdeba regionSi. raime legitimuri wyaroebis dasaxelebis gareSe statia calmxrivad
aRwers afxazebs, rogorc amazrzen da daundobel adamianebs da molaparakebaSi CarTul
moRalateebs da gamoricxavs qarTvelebis raime brals arsebul dapirispirebaSi. naT-
lad Cans, rom es konfliqtis mxolod mikerZoebuli xedvaa da, ra Tqma unda, ara erTa-
derTi. statia ramdenjerme imeorebs saSinel braldebebs, rogorc `faqtebs~ maTi da-
dasturebisa da sizustis dadgenis yovelgvari mcdelobis gareSe.
3. e) sanam WuburxinjSi `TaTbiroben~,

oCamCireSi qarTvelebs cocxlad
marxaven t sityva `TaTbiroben~ brWyalebSia Casmuli. Jurnalis-
ti miuTiTebs im garemoebaze, rom meore mxare _ af-
xazebi, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT _ ar arian mondo-
afxazeTis teritoriaze
mebulni, rom am or xalxs Soris arsebuli problema
gadawydes. mosazreba, rom konfliqti Sav-TeTr mdgo-
qarTvelTa xocva-Jleta mareobaSia, Zlierdeba saTaurSi gaJRerebuli daumt-
grZeldeba, Tumca Wuburxin- kicebeli braldebiT, romelic afxazebis daundobel
jis Sexvedraze TiTqmis yo- saqciels exeba _ braldebiT, romelic aSkarad isaxavs
vel xuTSabaTs xazs usvamen, miznad nebismieri qarTveli mkiTxvelis SeZrwunebas.
rom iq simSvidea da qarTve-
lebic siamtkbilobiT cxov-
roben. qarTuli sagamoZiebo t vin ambobs, rom qarTvelebis xocva grZeldeba? zus-
jgufis wevrebi mkacrad ga- tad ra adasturebs am braldebas?
moxataven, TavianT pozici-
ebs, magram, Cvenda samwuxa-
rod, aravin aqcevs maT yu-
radRebas. gasuli kviris xuT-
SabaTs, Wuburxinjis tradi-
ciul Sexvedraze qarTulma
mxarem mkacrad dasva ori sa-
kiTxi: pirveli Seexeboda af-
xazebis mier tyved ayvanil
xuT qarTvels, Tumca yvela- t is aris statiaSi moyvanili yovelgvari informaciis
feri ase daiwyo: 2003 wlis 4 wyaro? Tu ara, maSin _ vin? es arsad ar aris garkveviT
naTqvami.
agvistos, galis raionis so-
fel Tagilonis sazRvarTan,
daudgenelma pirebma, `gaze-

39
konkretulad vin adanaSaulebs qarT-
lis~ tipis mikroavtobusi aafeTqes, ra-
velebs? kargi iqneba aq vinmes citatis
sac eqvsi afxazi mesazRvre Seewira. am am- moyvana _ Tanamdebobis piris, soflis
bavs ki, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, sapa- mcxovrebisa an vinme sxvisi. aseve sa-
suxo reaqcia mohyva afxazebisgan. isini sargeblo iqneboda qarTuli mxaris
am afeTqebas, qarTvel partizanebs abra- poziciis Cveneba. sjera Tu ara Jurna-
lebdnen. partizanTa savaraudo adgil- t lists, rom partizanebi ar iyvnen pa-
samyofeli Wuburxinj-Tagilonis sazR- suxismgebelni? sakiTxi, Tu vin Caidina
es, sruliad ugulebelyofilia, TiT-
varze, Zmebi qiriebis saxl-kari, gadawves,
qos amas araviTari kavSiri ar hqondes
xolo Semdeg Zmebi mZevlebad aiyvanes.
viTarebasTan.
amave dros gadawves sruliad udanaSa-
uloTa saxlebic, scemes udanaSaulo
xalxs da aawiokes mTeli sofeli. t visi naTqvamis mixedviT? saidan icis
Zmeb qiriebTan erTad galis raionis Jurnalistma, vin aris udanaSaulo da
sofel Wuburxinjidan mZevlebad aiyvanes vin _ ara? es informacia sruliad Se-
umowmebelia da Cven ki gvTxoven, rom
soflis sami mkvidri; joyola xarZiani,
virwmunoT movlenaTa Jurnalistis mi-
lifter arqania da nodar lefsaia. sami
er SemoTavazebuli xedva.
Tvis ganmavlobaSi qarTuli sagamoZiebo
jgufis wevrebi WuburxinjSi amaod ark-
vevdnen gatacebulTa saqmes. afxazebi
jer saerTod uaryofdnen Wuburxinji- aq sasargeblo iqneboda afxazi Tanam-
dan adamianTa gatacebis faqts, xolo Sem- debobis pirebis citireba, rom gasage-
deg maTi gataceba ubralo kriminalebs bi iyos maTi pozicia am sakiTxTan da-
gadaabrales. sinamdvileSi ki Wuburxin- t kavSirebiT.
jeli qarTvelebi galis e.w. milicias
hyavda dakavebuli. wina kviris xuTSa- t visi naTqvamis mixedviT?
baTs, qarTulma mxarem oTxmxriv Sexved-
raze Zalian mkacrad daayena sakiTxi da
mxareebs moaxsena, rom es ufro farTo
masStabiani Sexvedris sagani gaxdeboda.
amave dros, qarTulma mxarem umoqmedo-
baSi daadanaSaula gaerTianebuli erebis
organizaciis misia konfliqtis zonaSi
da dsT-s samSvidobo Zalebi. imave saRa-
mos, tyveTa gacvlis da ugzoukvlod da-
kargulTa moZiebis komisiam afxazeTis
teritoriidan pirdapir enguris xidze
murTaz qiriasa da joyola xarZianis gax-
rwnili gvamebi gadmoasvena. amave komi-
siis aqtiurma meTaurma, vladimer do-
borjginiZem afxazeTidan gadmoiyvana

40
tyvedyofili piri, Tbilisis
mkvidri, vinme nugzar qurciZe,
romelic mevaleebs dausxlta
vis mier? ra aris informa- xelidan da Tavisuflebis Zi-
ciis wyaro? Worebi faqtebis ebaSi afxazeTis teritoriaze
saxiT ar unda iyos gavrce- amoyo Tavi. gavrcelda informa-
lebuli masmediis mier. u cia imis Sesaxeb, rom agvistos
TveSi galis raionis sofel Wu-
am tyveebs Soris iyvnen, en- burxinjidan ayvanili TiTqmis
guris xidze gadmosvenebuli yvela tyve afxazebma umowyalod
xarZiani da qiriac. u daxoces. sarwmuno wyaro afxaze-
Tidan imasac irwmuneba, rom se-
paratistebma udanaSaulo qarT-
veli biWebi oCamCiris raionSi,
winaswar gaTxril Rrma WaSi co-
cxlad Cayares. savaraudod, maT
xel-fexi Seukres, sastikad awa- es ori winadadeba
mes, WaSi Cayares da zed miwa da- urTierTsawinaaR-
mdegoa. Tu maTi be-
aqac, ra aris am informaciis u ayares.
wyaro? Tu es sarwmuno wya- di gaurkvevelia, ma-
jerjerobT gaurkvevelia
ro ar SeiZleba dasaxeldes, Sin rogor SeiZle-
murTaz qirias Zmis, lefsaiasa da ba eWvgareSe iyos,
Jurnalistma unda gagvagebi-
arqanias bedi. eWvgareSea, rom rom isini cocxle-
nos mainc, Tu rogor moipova
isini cocxlebi aRar arian. yo- t bi aRar arian?
wyarom es informacia, ris
safuZvelze dayrdnobiT gan- vel SemTxvevaSi, jerjerobiT
sazRvravs Jurnlisti, rom amaze yvela dumils amjobinebs.
wyaro marTlac sarwmunoa? oTxmxrivi molaparakebebi CixSi sjera Tu ara Jur-
braldebac aseve Zalian bun- nalists, rom par-
Sedis. am molaparakebebze TiTq-
dovania. ramden biWze aqvs tizanebi saerTod
mis araferi keTdeba, garda imisa,
saubari Jurnalists? ramde- damnaSaveni arian
rom qarTuli mxare aRSfoTebas arsebul dapiris-
ni wlisa arian isini? ra mox-
gamoxatavs momxdari Semzaravi pirebaSi? rogorc
da manamde, ramac ganapiroba
es wameba? saidan icis Jur-
faqtebis gamo, xolo afxazuri Cans, _ ara. rCeba
nalistma, rom isini awames da mxare yvela konkretul faqtze iseTi STabeWdileba,
xel-fexi Seukres? Tu am in- Tavs icavs da momxdars qarTvel rom, miuxedavad imi-
formaciis momwodebeli wya- partizanebs abralebs. afxazebis t sa, rom partizanebi
ro sarwmunoa, niSnavs Tu ara CarTulni iyvnen kon-
damcvelad gamodian Wuburxin-
es, rom statiaSi manamde moy- fliqtSi, ar Rirs
jis Sexvedrebze gaeros misia da
vanili informaciis wyaro- maTi rolis Seswavla,
dsT-s samSvidobo Zlebis warmo- Tu ra wili miuZ-
ebi araa sarwmuno?
madgenlebi. RviT maT situaciis
gasuli kviris xuTSabaTis tra- im wertilamde miyva-
diciul Sexvedraze qarTulma naSi, romelSic is
amJamadaa.

41
isev, ra aris am informaciis wyaro? ro-
mxarem mkacrad daayena meore, aranakleb gorc Cans, molaparakebebSi CarTuli qar-
mniSvnelovani sakiTxi, romelic afxaze- Tuli mxare iyenebs Jurnalistebis Taname-
Tis sabaJoze e.w. `gadasaxadebis~ gaZvi- mamuleTa mimarT simpaTias, rom konfliq-
ti da ganxilvebi mxolod calmxrivad ga-
rebas exeboda. afxazebma, faqtobrivad, t
Suqdes. ufro metic, rogorc Cans, Jurna-
qarTvelebs aukrZales `maT teritori- listi afxazur mosazrebas mxolod qarTu-
aze~, sakuTari miwa-wylis, saxl-karis li mxarisagan ismens. afxazebs ki, albaT,
monaxuleba, roca e.w. `sabaJoze~ axali TavianTi saqcielis ufro dawvrilebiTi
axsna aqvT. Jurnalists unda ecada maTTan
tarifebi daaweses. afxazeTis, kerZod,
gasaubreba amis gasarkevad.
galis raionis mcxovrebs, sazRvris ga-
dakveTa da e.w. sabaJos gavla, daaxlo-
ebiT 100 rusuli rubli ujdeba. am Tan- laparakia sabaJos mxolod erTxel gavla-
t
ze.
xas isini, faqtobrivad, veRar gadaixdi-
an, radgan, ojaxis mxolod erT wevrs,
SesaZloa, dReSi ramdenjerme mouxdes
sabaJos gavla, Tu arafers vityviT er-
Ti ojaxis ramdenime wevrze. rogorc
qarTuli mxaris warmomadgenlebi irw-
munebian, es aris afxazebis mier winas-
war SemuSavebuli erT-erTi xriki, rom
momavalSi qarTul mosaxleobas xeli
SeeSalos afxazeTSi dabrunebaSi. ro-
gorc afxazebi amboben, amiT Semcirdeba
im nakadis afxazeTis teritoriaze moZ-
raoba, romelsac davalebuli aqvs agen-
toba da informaciebi daaqvs orive mxa-
res. Zneli dasajerebelia, agents amiT
xeli SeeSalos, radgan am profesiis
adamiani saamiso Tanxas damkveTisgan
mainc miiRebs. sabolood, es garemoeba t isev, Cans, es braldeba qarTul mxares da-
uaryofiT gavlenas moaxdens im ubralo vasTan dakavSirebul yovelgvar pasuxis-
xalxze, romelsac aucileblad sWirde- mgeblobas acilebs Tavidan. Jurnalisti ar
ba sakuTari saxl-karis monaxuleba. uaryofs, rom agentobas aqvs adgili, aseve
ar gamoricxavs, rogorc usafuZvlos, af-
swored am saSualebiT SeuZliaT maT sa-
xazebis SeSfoTebas am sakiTxTan dakavSi-
kuTari Tavisa da ojaxis rCena.
rebiT. aseve, vin arian is afxazebi, romle-
qarTuli mxare am da sxva saWirbo- bic komentars iZlevian am sakiTxTan dakav-
roto da aucilebel sakiTxebs momdev- SirebiT? Jurnalistma unda miuTiTos af-
no kviris xuTSabaTs isev dasvams Wu- xazuri mosazrebis wyaro.
burxinjSi. rogorc TviTon aRniSnaven,
amas manamde ar moeSvebian, vidre sakiT-
xis srul gadaWras ar miaRweven. Tumca,

42
Znelad dasajerebelia, WuburxinjSi
rame gadawydes, yovel SemTxvevaSi,
es bolo winadadeba da sityva Cvenda-s u Cvenda sasikeTod.
gamoyeneba xazs usvams im faqts, rom es
nawili daiwera mTlianad erTi mxaris da
ara sxvadasxva mxareebis SexedulebaTa `Tavisufali gazeTi~,
gaTvaliswinebiT. braldebebi ueWvelad Tbilisi, saqarTvelo,
gaaZlierebs qarTvel mkiTxvelSi manamde 2003 wlis 28 oqtomberi _ 3 noemberi
arsebul winaswarganwyobebs. magram
Jurnalistis mikerZoebuloba imdenad na-
Telia, rom sxva mkiTxvelebi naklebad da-
ijereben am faqtis obieqturobas. imis ma-
givrad, rom saSineli braldebebi ufro
kargad yofiliyo Semowmebuli, rogorc
soliduri Jurnalisturi gamoZiebis wesia,
statia piriqiT, kidev ufro amwvavebs uk-
ve arsebul dapirispirebas.

43
es statia magaliTia iseTi anTebuli ritorikisa, romelic cecxlze navTs asxams. Jur-
nalisti faqtobrivad iWers ygo-s mxares (yarabaRis ganTavisuflebis organizacia)
xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg, romelime maTganisgan pirdapiri komentaris miRebis mcde-
lobis gareSe. terminebis agresorisa da teroristis gamoyeneba somxeTisa da som-
xebis mosaxsenieblad, azerbaijanSi farTod gavrcelebuli rwmenis gamyarebas emsaxu-
reba. yovel SemTxvevaSi, mTavrobas aucileblad unda hqondes ufleba upasuxos aseT
braldebebs.
3. v) yarabaRis ganmaTavisuflebeli
organizacia protests gamoTqvams
somxebis vizitis gamo Cvens qveyanaSi
y arabaRis ganmaTavisuflebelma organiza-
ciam protesti gamoTqva agresori somxeTis
delegaciis mowvevis gamo Savi zRvis Tanam-
Sromlobis organizaciis wevri qveynebis sa-
gareo saqmeTa ministrebis sabWos Sexvedra-
ze dasaswrebad.
ygo-m (yarabaRis ganmaTavisuflebelma
organizaciam) aRniSna, rom aseTi qmedebiT es seriozuli braldebebia, rome-
mTavrobam Seuracxyofa miayena Cveni mowa- lic mTavrobis mier pasuxis gacemas
moiTxovs. magram, radgan pasuxi ar
meebis sulebs, Seqmna pirobebi terorist so-
mouTxoviaT, aSkaraa, rom statia
mxebTan megobruli da samudamo urTierTo-
iziarebs ygo-s Sexedulebebs. SeiZ-
bebis damyarebisTvis da amiT Cveni dakar- leba es asec iyos ganzraxuli, mag-
guli teritoriebis daviwyebaze migvaniSna. ram axali ambebisadmi aseTi midgoma
yarabaRis ganmaTavisuflebel organizacias naklebad uwyobs xels mdgomareobis
sjera, rom aseTi saxis qmedebebi ewinaaRm- mogvarebas an amis mcdelobas. Jur-
degeba azerbaijaneli xalxis interesebs. nalisti ar unda iqceodes, rogorc
ygo-m moiTxova, rom mTavrobas dauyov- t ubralod ygo-s rupori.
nebliv daevalebina sagareo saqmeTa saminis-

trosaTvis gadamwyveti zomebi mieRo, rom
xeli SeeSala somxuri delegaciis vizitis-
Tvis baqoSi. organizaciam xazgasmiT aRniSna,
rom winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi pasuxismgebloba

44
movlenebis SesaZlo ganviTarebaze daekisre-
am SemTxvevaSi Zalis gamoyenebis mu- u ba am saministros.
qara SantaJis formas mogvagonebs.
ygo-s unda hqondes mSvidobiani pro- gazeTi àzadliqi~,
testis ufleba, magram unda itvir-
baqo, azerbaijani,
Tos pasuxismgebloba sakuTar saqci-
2003 wlis 28 oqtomberi
elze, Tuki is gulisxmobs, rom xalxi
unda CarTos Zaladobriv moqmedeba-
Si.

45
4. religia

46
religia
m
Tel msoflioSi religuri gansxvavebebi iseve xSirad gamxdara konfliq-
tis mizezi, rogorc eTnikuri warmomavlobis mimarT arsebuli damoki-
debuleba. da marTlac, cota ar iyos, Znelia ganasxvao erTmaneTisagan
es ori ram, radgan dapirispirebul eTnikur jgufebs xSirad gasxvave-
buli religiuri mrwamsi aqvT. magaliTad, kosovoSi serbebsa da albane-
lebs Soris arsebuli daZabuloba eTnikur warmomavlobazea dafuZne-
buli Tu religiur gansxvavebebze, amis erTmaneTisgan gansxvaveba rTu-
lia. eWvs gareSea, rom pasuxi aseTia: rols orive faqtori TamaSobs. ase-
Tive SekiTxva SeiZleba daisvas mTian yarabaRTan mimarTebaSic.
igive SeiZleba iTqvas antisemitizmis Sesaxeb. naTlad Cans, rom ebra-
elTa mimarT zizRi orives _ religiur da eTnikur komponentebs Seicavs.
ebraelebi xSirad ganixilebian, rogorc ucxo rasa, romelsac garkveuli
fizikuri da pirovnuli stereotipebiT ganasxvaveben. aseTebia, magali-
Tad, kexiani cxviri da fulis saeWvo gzebiT Sovnis unari. amave dros
antisemitebi yovelTvis dascinodnen iudaizms, rogorc religias. isini
Worebs avrcelebdnen ebraelTa religiuri wesebisa da rwmenis Sesaxeb,
magaliTad, TiTqos ebraelebi RmerTs msxverplad swiravdnen qristianTa
bavSvebs.
bevri postkonfliqturi situaciis msgavsad, samxreT kavkasiaSi
mdgomareoba bolo wlebSi kidev ufro garTulda religiasTan mimarTe-
baSic. marto yofili daxuruli sazogadoebebi ar ibrZvian regionSi didi
xnis win damkvidrebuli religiuri jgufebis warmomadgenlebs Soris
urTierTgagebis SenarCunebisaTvis. amave dros, dasavleTidan Camosuli
misionerebic cdiloben xalxis gadabirebas sxva sulieri tradiciebisa-
ken, rac suraTs kidev ufro arTulebs.
gTavazobT ramdenime rCevas, romelic dagexmarebaT ise gaaSuqoT re-
ligia, rom konfliqtis gaRvivebas ki ar SeuwyoT xeli, aramed Semwyna-
reblobas:
imisaTvis, rom aRmoaCinoT, aris Tu ara gaSuqebisas rame gamorCenili,

*gadaxedeT, Tu rogor aSuqeben masmediis saSualebebi religiur gansxva-
vebebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs Tqvens qalaqsa Tu regionSi. iyo Tu

47
ara gamoqveynebuli iseTi masala, romelic Seicavda imaT Sexedulebebs, vinc do-
minantur religias ar miekuTvneba. Tu raime daiwera gansxvavebuli religiis mqone
xalxis Sesaxeb, es masala obiqturad iyo warmodgenili, Tu sinamdvilisgan Sors
mdgar stereotipebs avrcelebda?
religiis Sesaxeb werisas daukvirdiT, ra eniT aRwerT sxva xalxs. zogierTi

*
sityva, SesaZloa Tqven Seuracxmyofelad ar migaCndeT, magram jgufis wevrebi,
romlis Sesaxebac werT, ase ar Tvlian. Tu darwmunebuli ara xarT, rom romelime
sityva namdvilad ar aris Seuracxmyofeli, gadaamowmeT igi masalaSi gamoyene-
bamde.
gamoyaviT dro, rom gaicnoT da SeiswavloT Tqvens regionSi arsebuli axali

*
religiuri mimdinareobebi. erTi dRe dayaviT meTodist misionerebTan an ieRovas
mowmeebTan. daakvirdiT maT urTierTobas im xalxTan, visTanac saubroben da vis
moqcevasac cdiloben. maTi rwmenis gaziareba sulac ar aris savaldebulo imi-
saTvis, rom akuratulad da gagebiT gaaSuqoT isini.
dawereT, rogoria Tqvens regionSi kanonebi religiis Sesaxeb. saxelmwifo raime

*
privilegiebs xom ar sTavazobs dominanturi religiuri mrwamsis mqone xalxs da
diskriminacias xom ar uwevs sxva religiis mimdevrebs? Tu kanonis mixedviT yvela
religia erTnairi uflebebiT sargeblobs, asrulebs Tu ara xelisufleba kanons?
Tu mainc sakuTar tradiciul religias aniWebs upiratesobas?
yuradRebiT iyaviT, raTa sxva religiis mimdevarTa stereotipebis ubralo

*
gameoreba ar gamogivideT. rodesac saqme religias exeba, sxvaTa sulieri tradi-
ciebis Sesaxeb, bevri TviTmarqvia eqsperti ityvis imas rac moesurveba da arc
ecdeba, rom gancxadebebs raime faqtebi daurTos. imis gamo, rom Jurnalistebi
xSirad iziareben magvar cru-rwmenebs, sakuTar Tavs unda Seaxsenon, rom maTi
saqmea eWvi SeeparoT magvari gancxadebebis sisworeSi da gadamowmebis gareSe ar
daijeron isini.
gaarkvieT, aris Tu ara Tqvens regionSi universitetebi, romlebSic religiis

*
Semswavleli fakultetebi arsebobs. maTi arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, am fakultetebis
profesorebs miudeqiT, rogorc TqvenTvis informaciis mowodebis potenciur
wyaros. Tu isini marTla eqspertebi arian mTel rig religiaTa sulieri tradi-
ciebis sakiTxebSi, maTi gamoyeneba gansakuTrebiT mizanSewonili iqneba religiebs
Soris urTierTobebis Sesaxeb arsebul rTul kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad.

48
moerideT iseT wyaroebs, romelTa argumentebic religiur sakiTxebTan da-
*kavSirebiT mxolod biblias, yurans an sxva romelime wminda teqsts eyrdnoba.
yovelTvis iarsebebs saukuneebis win daweril wignTa mravalnairi interpretacia
_ swored amis gamoa, rom amdeni qristianuli mimdinareoba anda radikalurad
gansxvavebuli islamuri tradicia arsebobs. Tu romelime politikosi cdilobs,
rom saxelmwifo politikas religiuri teqstebi daudos safuZvlad, gaarkvieT,
sxvebs rogor esmiT imave teqstis mniSvneloba da Semdeg politikoss kiTxvebi
dausviT maT Sesaxeb.
religiuri sakiTxebi socialuri, politikuri da ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa

*
Tu mimarTulebebis konteqstSi ganixileT. Tu romelime religiur jgufSi maRa-
lia umuSevrobis done, SesaZloa es maT sizarmaces ki ara, aramed maTi tradiciuli
saqmianobis sferoSi arsebul sirTuleebs asaxavdes. Tu romelime axali religia
bevr mimdevars izidavs, gaigeT, ras sTavazobs is xalxs iseTs, rac maT akliaT.
wereT statiebi, romlebSic axsniT, asaxavs Tu ara standartuli stereotipebi

*
arsebul sinamdviles _ da Tu marTla asea, ris gamo xdeba es? magaliTisTvis,
istoriulad cnobilia, rom ebraelebi mevaxSeebi iyvnen da es imis gamo xdeboda,
rom sxva profesiebi maTTvis miuwvdomeli iyo. am garemoebam SesaZloa xeli Seuwyo
im azris damkvidrebas, rom ebraelebi xelmoWerilebi anda sulac xarbebi arian.
sxva rwmenis xalxis tradiciuli dResaswaulebi iseve unda gaaSuqoT, rogorc

*
Tqvens sakuTr religiur dResaswaulebs gaaSuqebdiT. daeswariT paseqis, xanuqas
an bar micvas desaswaulebis aRniSnvas. erTi dRe dayaviT muslimanebTan ramadanis
dros.
nu miudgebiT religiuri jgufis erT romelime wevrs ise, TiTqos is mTel

*jgufs warmoadgendes. imis gamo, rom erTi budisti piriT mzisken meditirebs, ar
niSnavs, rom yvela budisti ase akeTebs. TiToeuli adamiani pirovnebaa da sakuTari
Sexedulebebisa da azrebis gamoxatva unda SeeZlos. yoveli adamiani sakuTar
mrwamss SesaZloa cota gansxvavebulad udgebodes.
rodesac intervius gansxvavebuli religiuri mrwamsis xalxisgan iRebT, nu

*gegonebaT, rom maTi cxovreba religiiT iwyeba da religiiTve mTavrdeba. sxva
Temebzec dausviT kiTxvebi. iseve, rogorc Tqven, maTac SeiZleba hqondeT prob-
lemebi da safiqrali, raRac sWirdebodeT, uxarodeT da es yvelaferi sulac ar
iyos religiasTan dakavSirebuli. kiTxvebi dausviT ojaxis, interesebis, profe-
siis da cxovrebis sxva aspeqtebis Sesaxeb. yvelafris asaxva ar aris saWiro, magram
es udaod dagexmarebaT maTi Sexedulebebis ukeT SecnobaSi.

49
saswavlo masala
es statia viTom alternatiul samxedro samsaxurs Seexeba, magram sinamdvileSi Jurna-
listi am sakiTxs imisaTvis iyenebs, rom Tavisi brazi gadmoanTxios garkveul soci-
alur jgufebze, romelTa didi nawilic aratradiciuli religiis mimdevaria. is aseve
aranair SesaZleblobas ar aZlevs Tavis mier gakritikebul adamianebs, rom braldebebi
gaabaTilon.
4. a) ra SeiZleba misces azerbaijans

alternatiulma samxedro samsaxurma?
axali religiuri seqtebi, udardeli axalgazrdebi, moqrTamvis
ufro meti resursebi da SesaZleblobebi mtrebisTvis
a ravin uaryofs, rom azerbaijani mgrZnobi-

are periodSi cxovrobs. Cvengan damoukide-
beli mizezebis gamo Cven regionis urTierT-
sawinaaRmdego geopolitikuri procesebis
centrSi vdgavarT. damoukideblobis mopo-
vebis Semdeg Cven arasdros dagvviwynia Cveni
usafrTxoeba.
magram Tavidan unda aviciloT sxva aspeq-
tis safrTxeebic. yvelam icis, rogori daZa-
bulia energetikasTan dakavSirebuli viTa-
reba. Cven aseve vacnobierebT sakvebisa da
garemos usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis auci-
leblobas.
somxeTi ukan ar ixevs sakuTari poziciidan. Jurnalisti sxva religiis xalxze
Tavdasxmis racionalur mizezad qve-
aseve, is xels uSlis molaparakebis proce-
ynis savalalo mdgomareobas miiC-
sebs. es yvelaferi omis dawyebis SesaZleb-
nevs. am gziT is cdilobs Tavisi wi-
lobis gazrdaze mianiSnebs. amitom azerba-
naswarganwyobis gamarTlebas da maT
ijanma garkveuli moTxovnebi unda daakmayo- iseTnairad warmoaCens, TiTqos es
filos. amitom dasafiqrebelia, ramdenad t iyos Sesabamisi pasuxi realobaze.
Rirs alternatiul samxedro samsaxurze

50
saubari. Tu am kanonis humanuroba sas-
woris erT mxares daideba, meore mxares
ki is problemebi, romlebic Cveni qveynis
winaSe dgas, gawonasworeba ar moxdeba.
naTelia, rom ibadeba rigi SekiTxvebisa.
gvWirdeba Tu ara alternatiuli sam-
xedro samsaxuri Cveni istoriis am etap-
ze?
alternatiuli samxedro samsaxuri
moqalaqes saSualebas aZlevs Seasrulos
gansxvavebuli samsaxuri garkveuli Tan-
xis safasurad. modi, vTqvaT, rom, Tu
vinmes ar surs Cveulebrivi samxedro
samsaxuris gavla religiuri, ideologi-
uri an sxva mizezis gamo, maSin mas SesTa-
Jurnalisti aSkarad mikerZoebulia im vazeben alternatiul samxedro samsa-
xalxis mimarT, vinc sxva religiur aRm- xurs, miscemen samuSaos, aseve garkveul
sareblobas miekuTvneba da vinc ar izi- privilegiebs, im pirobiT, rom es sam-
arebs mis mosazrebas somxeTTan omis Se- saxuri jarTan iqneba dakavSirebuli.
saxeb da uaryofs yvela sulier mowode-
imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu rogor iqce-
bas, rom omis dawyeba arasworia, radga-
vian azerbaijanSi es religiuri seqtebi
nac meomari mxareebi `Zmebi~ arian. buneb-
rivia, yvela adamians Tavisi azri aqvs am da klanebi, dasafiqrebelia, Tu ra Se-
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. es maT cud mo- iZleba mohyves Sedegad aseTi privile-
qalaqeebad sulac ar aqcevs. u giebis miniWebas.
masmedia xSirad aSuqebs qristiani mi-
sionerebis propagandas sazRvrispira
regionebSi. isini mouwodeben xalxs, ar
aSkaraa, rom aq àTasobiT~ gadaWarbebu- CaerTon omSi. maT mohyavT aTasobiT mi-
li naTqvamia. aseve, Jurnalistma unda zezi da ganmarteba imis dasamtkiceblad,
moiyvanos konkretuli argumentebi, ro- u rom Cven `Zmebi~ varT. ufro metic, am
mliTac qristianebs saSualeba miecemaT seqtebis wevrTa damokidebuleba azer-
daamtkicon TavianTi mosazreba. baijanis mimarT aseve warmoSobs SeSfo-
Tebis safuZvels. maSinac ki, Tu es misi-
ratom unda iyos yvelasTvis misaRebi onerebi azerbaijanelebi arian, isini
Jurnalistiseuli cnebebi samSoblosa ucxoplanetelebiviT fiqroben, maTTvis
da eris Sesaxeb? adamianebs aqvT ufleba, u miuRebelia samSoblosa da eris cnebebi.
miiRon is religiuri rwmena, romelic isini amas Riad gamoxataven. isini kvlav
undaT, da Tu isini sxvanairad iwyeben am da kvlav individualurobas usvamen
cnebebis aRqmas, es maTi uflebaa.
xazs. kriSnaitebi, adventistebi, baptis-

51
isev, erTi religiuri tradiciis xalxs
tebi da sxvebi Sors dganan qveynis samsa- ar unda hqondes monopolia imis gansaz-
xurisgan. alternatiuli samxedro sam- t RvraSi, Tu ras niSnavs, emsaxuro qveya-
saxuris SemoReba SesaZleblobebis Seq- nas. sxvebsac aqvT ufleba iqonion saku-
Tari azrebi da TviTon gansazRvron, ro-
mna ar iqneba am parazitebis gasamrav-
gor undaT emsaxuron qveyanas.
leblad sazogadoebaSi? eWvgareSea, rom
asec moxdeba. t isev, es statia warmoadgens Txzulebas al-
ternatiuli samxedro samsaxuris Sesaxeb,
muslimanuri seqtebic aranakleb zi- magram Jurnalisti mxolod iyenebs am Te-
ans ayeneben sazogadoebas. nuTu vahabi- mas, imisTvis, rom sakuTari brazi gadmoan-
tur ideologiaSi momwyvdeuli azerba- Txios maTze, vinc aralegitimurad miaCnia.
ijaneli imsaxurebs ùrwmunoTa~ jarSi?
Jurnalisti Sepyrobilia winaswarganwyobiT
maTi umetesoba amas ar gaakeTebs. Tu ga-
aramuslimanuri aRmsareblobis mimarT.
viTvaliswinebT, ra siswrafiT vrcelde- xalxs aqvs ufleba miiRos is sarwmunoeba,
ba vahabizmi, maSin im daskvnamde mivalT, romelic TviTon unda. isev, statia, rome-
lic warmoadgens Txzulebas alternatiuli
rom aTasobiT axalgazrda `gacdeba~ al- samxedro samsaxuris Sesaxeb, Jurnalistis
ternatiul samxedro samsaxurSi. garda t mier gamoyenebulia sakuTari brazis gad-
amisa, es stimuls miscems axalgazrdebs, mosanTxevad im adamianebze, romlebsac ara-
legitimurad miiCnevs.
aseTi gza airCion. saidumlo ar aris,
rom bevri elodeba am Sanss. radgan al- t ra mizezebiTac ar unda xdebodes vaha-
ternatiuli samsaxuri gulisxmobs xal- bizmi popularuli azerbaijanSi, absur-
xis samuSaoTi uzrunvelyofas, es iqneba duli Cans alternatiuli samxedro sam-
saxuris dadanaSauleba am problemaSi.
indiferentulobis gavrceleba sazoga-
doebis yvela doneze. maTi reformire-
bis nacvlad Cven saboloo jamSi am xalxs
vaTavsebT sxvadasxva socialur qselSi
da, amgvarad, vqmniT xelsayrel pirobebs
maTi araswori ganviTarebisTvis. samwu-
xarod, Cven amas sakuTari xeliT vake-
TebT.
dasasrul, Cven yuradReba unda gava-
maxviloT sxva faqtzec. yvelam viciT,
rom bevri yvelanairad cdilobs insti-
tutSi moawyos Tavisi Svili, rom Tavi-
dan aacilos samxedro samsaxuri. ixdian
qrTams, xarjaven fuls da ar uSveben
Svilebs jarSi. es gamowveulia mTeli
rigi mizezebiT, romelTa dakonkreteba-
sac Cven ar movyvebiT. magram universi-
tetebSi Tu SexvalT, gansakuTrebiT
kerZo saswavleblebSi, naxavT, iq ramde-

52
ni studenti xarjavs uqmad dros, ubra-
lod imisaTvis, rom Tavi aaridos sam-
xedro samsaxurs. es gansakuTrebiT xSi-
rad xdeba rusuli saSualo skolebis
filialebSi. zogierT mSobels jaris-
Tvis Tavis arideba prestiJadac ki miaC-
nia. rogorc ki amoqmeddeba kanoni al-
ternatiuli samxedro samsaxuris Sesa-
xeb, aseTi adamianebi sxva mimarTulebiT
wavlen. isini daiwyeben TavianTi Svile-
bis CarTvas alternatiul samxedro sam-
saxurSi. isini amas imitom gaakeTeben,
rom Seqmnan STabeWdileba,TiTqos maTi
Svilebi jarSi msaxuroben.
yvelaze saSiSi jgufi, romelic dain-
teresebulia alternatiuli samxedro
samsaxuriT, privilegirebulTa Svile-
bisagan Sedgeba. isini òr kurdRels er-
Ti gasroliT moklaven~ _ es mSoblebi
SeZleben maT gagzavnas samxedro samsa-
xurSi (alternatiulSi) da Tan daasaq-
meben kidec. azerbaijanSi arsebuli re-
mediis institutis redaqtoris SeniSvna:
potenciurad cilismwamebluri winada- aloba namdvilad iZleva amis saSuale-
deba am adgilas amoRebulia. u bas.
ase rom, ras aZlevs azerbaijans al-
ternatiuli samxedro samsaxuri? upir-
veles yovlisa, imas, rom is agulianebs
religiur misionerebs kidev ufro me-
gaurkveveli rCeba, rogor angreven re- u tad daangrion Cveni sazogadoeba. isini
ligiuri misionerebi sazogadoebas,Tu aucileblad gamoiyeneben am SesaZleb-
imas ar CavTvliT, rom SesaZleblobas aZ- lobas. meore, ucxo Zalebs es aZlevs sa-
leven moqalaqeebs dafiqrdnen sxva Sexe- Sualebas Seasuston Cveni axalgazrde-
dulebebis gaziarebaze.
bis samxedro suliskveTeba da sazoga-
doebaSi indiferentulobis SegrZneba
gaaZlieron. maT gavlenis sxvadasxva ar-
xebi aqvT da isini kidev ufro gaaqti-
urdebian. mesame, zogierTi mSobeli
(privilegirebuli) damatebiT SesaZleb-
lobebs moipovebs Tavisi vaJisTvis sam-

53
xedro samsaxuris Tavidan asacileblad.
amave dros, zogierTs damatebiTi Sanse-
bi gamouCndeba qrTamis aRebisTvis. isi-
ni, Tavis mxriv, wurbelebiviT gamoswo-
ven xalxs sisxls.
demokratiis gadasaxedidan alter-
natiul samxedro samsaxurs SeiZleba
garkveuli upiratesobebic hqondes, ma-
gram amJamad azerbaijanisTvis, es ufs-
krulisken mimavali gzaa. modi, ar davi-
viwyoT, rom Zalian karg ideebsac ki Se-
iZleba bevri cudi Sedegi mohyves, Tu
isini Sesaferis dros ar ganxorcielda.
radgan es viciT, maS ratom unda vur-
tyaT Tavebi kedels?
gazeTi òlailari~,
baqo, azerbaijani, 2003 wlis 22 ivnisi

54
es mokle statia qveyanaSi axali religiuri tradiciebis mimdevrebis mimarT Tavisi
uaryofiTi damokidebulebiT im statiebis msgavsia, romlebic ibeWdeba regionul mas-
mediaSi. sityva `seqta~ zogierT enaSi ar aris uaryofiTi elferis mqone, magram Zvel
somxurSi es asea. erTi religiis mimdevrebis moazreba seqtis wevrebad (negatiuri ga-
gebiT), da amave dros, dominanturi rwmenis mimdevrebis `normalurebad~ miCneva, ra
Tqma unda, diskrimanaciaa. ar arsebobs religiuri Sexedulebebis erTi wyeba, romelic
ufro obieqturad marTali an namdvilia, vidre meore. aTeistebi ki imas ityvian, rom
yvela morwmune cdeba. bolos da bolos, ormocdaaTianelebi, ieRovas mowmeebi da sxva
patara protestanuli denominaciebis wevrebi didi xnis manZilze iyvenen amerikuli
religiuri landSaftis nawili. zogma SeiZleba isini da maTi rwmena ucnaurad miiCnios,
magram es ar niSnavs, rom maT ara aqvT sakuTari religiuri arCevanis gakeTebis ufleba,
rogorc amas varaudoben seqtebisa da kultebis Sesaxeb statiebis avtorebi.
4. b) specialuri centris Seqmnis saWiroeba

`moskovSi Seiqmna menta-
luri reabilitaciis cen-
tri seqtebis yofili
wevrebisaTvis. Cems xelT
arsebuli informaciiT,
gansakuTrebiT rTulia
normalur cxovrebas da-
ubruno ormocdaaTiane-
lebi _ es mudmiv Zalisx-
mevas moiTxovs. Cven ara
gvaqvs aseTi centri, mag-
ram misi Seqmnis saWiro-
eba ki aris, radgan som-
xeTSi mravlad arian men-
talurad deformirebu-
li seqtantebi, imisda mi-
uxedavad, Tu romel seq-
tas miekuTvnebodnen isi-
ni. es problema saxelm- t zustad ras gaakeTebs aseTi centri? ra iqneba misi progra-
wifom da eklesiam albaT ma? ZaldatanebiTi iqneba iq daswreba, Tu is mxolod imaT-
erTad unda gadaWran, Tvis iqneba, visac surs im seqtis datoveba, romelsac mi-
ekuTvnebian?
radgan marto eqimebisa
da fsiqologebis ki ara,
aramed mRvdlebis Zalis-
xmevac aris saWiro am xal-

55
xis wesier cxovrebaSi da-
sabruneblad.~ _ amaSi
Rrmad aris darwmunebu-
li mRvdeli gevond mai-
liani. t es gancxadeba migvaniSnebs, rom mxolod dominantur re-
ligiasTan dabruneba SeiZleba CaiTvalos normaluri an
gazeTi `haiots aSxari~, wesieri cxovrebis wesad. samRvdeloebis am warmomadgenels
erevani, somxeTi, SeiZleba asec sjerodes, magram rCeba STabeWdileba, rom
2003 wlis 20 seqtemberi gazeTic uWers mxars am azrs, radgan misi gancxadeba raime
sxva Sexedulebis gareSe aqvs moyvanili. albaT viTarebas
ufro meti naTeli moefineba, Tu uSualod moxdeba gasa-
ubreba `seqtis~ wevrebTan da gairkveva, ras iZenen isini sxva
religiur jgufebSi wevrobiT.
gancxadeba erTi mxaris interesebs emsaxureba _ mRvdeli

mouwodebs sxva mRvdlebs CaerTon im adamianebis `gadar-
CenaSi~, romlebmac rwmena dakarges. magram mkiTxvelma ise
unda gaigos, rom eklesia SeSfoTebulia da eSinia, rom
Tavis dominantur sazogadoebriv pozicias dakargavs _ sxva
sityvebiT, saqme exeba rogorc Teologias, aseve Zalauf-
lebas.

56
es statia axerxebs ori religiuri tradiciis Seuracxyofas romelime maTganis warmo-
madgenlisgan intervius auReblad. isev Zalze gaurkvevelia savaraudo informaciis
wyaro. rogorc Cans, informaciis didi nawili policiidan wamovida, magram esec ki bun-
dovania, radgan Jurnalisti ar gveubneba, vin miawoda masala statiisaTvis. sxva reli-
giuri Sexedulebebis arseboba regionSi bevrisTvis aSkarad problemaa, da aseTi axali
ambebi, urTierTgagebisa da gansxvavebebis pativiscemas xels ar uwyobs.
4. g) saqarTveloSi ieRovelebs
amerikis kongresis somxuri
lobi mfarvelobs t es saTauri aranairad ar aris gamyare-
buli statiaSi moyvanili informaciiT.
g ÏÒÉÓ ÐÏËÉÝÉÀÌ ÄÒÈ-ÄÒÈÉ ÉÄÙÏÅÄËÉÓ ÓÀá-

Jurnalisti arafers ambobs somxuri
lobis an amerikis kongresis Sesaxeb.
ËÛÉ - ÓÄØÔÀÍÔÈÀ ÛÔÀÁ-ÁÉÍÀÛÉ ÓÀÊÌÀÏÃ ÓÀÉÍÔÄ-
ÒÄÓÏ ÌÀÓÀËÀ ÀÙÌÏÀÜÉÍÀ ÀÒÀËÄÂÀËÖÒ ËÉÔÄ-
ÒÀÔÖÒÀÓÈÀÍ ÄÒÈÀÃ. ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÓ ÒÖÊÄÁÉ, t qarTuli kanonmdeblobiT marTlac ara-
ÒÏÌËÄÁÆÄÝ ÚÅÄËÀ ÌÀÒÈËÌÀÃÉÃÄÁËÖÒÉ ÔÀÞÀ- legaluria ieRovelebis literatura?
ÒÉ ÉÚÏ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉ. ÓØÏËÉÏÛÉ ÊÉ ÌÉÈÉÈÄÁÖËÉ zustad ra saxis danaSaulia es? Tu ara-
legaluri imitom hqvia, rom es policiis
ÉÚÏ ÌÉÍÉÛÍÄÁÖË ÄÊËÄÓÉÀÈÀ ÓÀÅÀÒÀÖÃÏ ÃÀÒ-
mier wayenebul braldebaze dafuZnebu-
ÁÄÅÉÓ, ÛÄÖÒÀÝáÚÏ×ÉÓ ÃÀ ÃÀÍÂÒÄÅÉÓ ÈÀÒÉÙÄÁÉ.
li gadaWarbebaa?
ÂÏÒÛÉÅÄ ÀÙÌÏÜÍÃÀ ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÓ ÒÖÊÀ, ÒÏ-
ÌÄËÆÄÝ ÓÏÝÉÀËÖÒÀÃ ÂÀÍÓÀÊÖÈÒÄÁÉÈ ÌÞÉÌÄ
ÌÃÂÏÌÀÒÄÏÁÀÛÉ ÌÚÏ×É ÓÏ×ËÄÁÉ ÉÚÏ ÃÀÔÀÍÉ-
ËÉ. ÓØÏËÉÏÛÉ ÉÄÙÏÅÄËÈÀÈÅÉÓ ÓÀÉÍÔÄÒÄÓÏ
ÈÉÈÏÄÖËÉ ÓÏ×ËÉÓ ÌÏÓÀáËÄÏÁÉÓ ÒÀÏÃÄÍÏÁÀ
ÃÀ ÂÅÀÒÔÏÌÏÁÀÝ ÉÚÏ ÌÉÈÉÈÄÁÖËÉ. t es yvelaferi policiis angariSs eyrd-
ÉÄÙÏÅÀÓ ÌÏßÌÄÌ ÐÏËÉÝÉÀÓ ÀÙÉÀÒÄÁÉÈÉ ÜÅÄ- noba? Tu asea, maSin Jurnalistma gark-
ÍÄÁÀ ÌÉÓÝÀ, ÒÏÌËÉÓ ÓÀÛÖÀËÄÁÉÈÀÝ ÂÀÉÛÉ×ÒÀ veviT unda daasaxelos im piris saxeli
da Tanamdeboba, romelmac es faqti ga-
ÓÀÉÃÖÌËÏ ÒÖÊÀÈÀ ÃÀÍÉÛÍÖËÄÁÀ. ØÀÒÈÅÄË
moaaSkarava. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, Se-
ÉÄÙÏÅÄËÄÁÓ ÌÉÙÄÁÖËÉ äØÏÍÃÀÈ ÀÌÄÒÉÊÉÓ ÄÒÈ-
iZleba vivaraudoT, rom es meore an su-
ÄÒÈÉ ÛÔÀÔÉÓ ÓÀÈÀÅÏ Ï×ÉÓÉÃÀÍ ÉÍÓÔÒÖØÔÀÑÉ, lac mesame xelis informaciaa da Wora-
ÒÏÂÏÒ ÄÌÏØÌÄÃÀÈ ÉÓÄ, ÒÏÌ ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÛÉ ÒÀÝ dac SeiZleba CaiTvalos.
ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÌÄÔÉ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÉ ÂÀÄßÄÅÒÉÀÍÄÁÉÍÀÈ ÓÄØ-
ÔÀÍÔÈÀ ÒÉÂÄÁÛÉ. ,,ÌÀÒÈÀËÉÀ, ÓÀßÚÉÓ ÄÔÀÐÆÄ
ÃÉÃ ØÀËÀØÄÁÓÀ ÃÀ ÒÀÉÏÍÖË ÝÄÍÔÒÄÁÛÉ ÌÏØ-
ÌÄÃÄÁÀ ÝÏÔÀ ÂÀÂÉàÉÒÃÄÁÀÈ, ÌÀÂÒÀÌ ÀÒ ÛÄÃÒ-

57
saidan aris motani-
ÊÄÈ. ÉÌÏØÌÄÃÄÈ ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÓ ÓÏ- li es citata? Set-
×ËÄÁÓÀ ÃÀ ÌÉÚÒÖÄÁÖË ÒÄÂÉÏÍÄÁ- yobinebis werili-
ÛÉ, ÓÀÃÀÝ ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÄÁÉ ÌÞÉÌÄ ÌÀÔÄ- dan? ubralo weri-
ÒÉÀËÖÒ ÌÃÂÏÌÀÒÄÏÁÀÛÉ ÀÒÉÀÍ. ÈÉ- lidan? citatas ara-
viTari konteqsti
ÈÏÄÖË ÓÏ×ÄËÛÉ ÃÀÉÌÏßÀ×ÄÈ ÞÉ-
ar axlavs. saidan
ÒÉÈÀÃÉ ÂÅÀÒÉÓ ÐÀÔÉÅÓÀÝÄÌÉ ÏãÀ- moipova is Jurna-
tradiciuli, ra Tqma áÄÁÉ, ÒÏÌËÄÁÉÝ ÛÄÌÃÄÂ ÒßÌÄÍÉÓ listma? isev da isev,
unda, pirobiTi cnebaa, ÂÀÓÀÞËÉÄÒÄÁËÀÃ ÈÀÅÀÃ ÉÌÏØÌÄÃÄ- policiidan? es un-
isini aratradiciulebi t da vicodeT, rom Seg-
ÁÄÍ.
mxolod im sazogadoebeb- veZlos gansja, ram-
Si arian, sadac manamde ar denad sarwmunoa.
ÒÀ ÓÀÄÒÈÏÀ ÉÄÙÏÅÄËÈÀ ÓÄØÔÀÓÀ Jurnalisti gu-
iyvnen. es aris Sexeduleba-
Ta sistemebi, romlebsac ÃÀ ÅÀäÀÁÉÔÏÁÀÓ ÛÏÒÉÓ? lisxmobs, rom avis
ÃÙÄÉÓÈÅÉÓ ÈÄÏËÏÂÄÁÉ ÀÒÀ- momaswavebelia, ro-
didi xnis istoria aqvs
ca religiuri or-
msoflios im nawilebSi, ÔÒÀÃÉÝÉÖË ÒÄËÉÂÉÖÒ ÌÉÌÃÉÍÀÒÄ-
ganizacia rCevas aZ-
sadac es Sexedulebebi far- ÏÁÄÁÛÉ, ÉÄÙÏÅÄËÏÁÀÓÀ ÃÀ ÅÀäÀÁÉÆ- levs Tavis misione-
Tod aris gavrcelebuli. u ÌÛÉ, ÏÒ ÃÉÃ ÓÀ×ÒÈáÄÓ áÄÃÀÅÄÍ. rebs, xalxi moaq-
ÏÒÉÅÄ ÒÄËÉÂÉÖÒÉ ÌÉÌÃÉÍÀÒÄÏÁÀ cion. arada, swored
es SeniSvna sruliad ga- es aris misionere-
ÃÀáÖÒÖËÉ ÔÉÐÉÓ ÓÐÄÝÓÀÌÓÀáÖÒÄ-
ugebaria, ras niSnavs es? bis saqme.
u ÁÉÓÂÀÍ ÉÌÀÒÈÄÁÀ. ÉÄÙÏÅÄËÏÁÀÝ ÃÀ
romelia es specsamsaxu-
ÅÀäÀÁÉÔÏÁÀÝ 10 ßËÉÓ ßÉÍ ÂÀÀØÔÉ-
rebi? vatikani an Tundac
ruseTis marTlmadideb- ÖÒÃÀ ÃÀ ÌÏÙÅÀßÄÏÁÉÓ ÀÒÄÀËÉ
luri eklesia, SeiZleba ÌÈÄË ÌÓÏ×ËÉÏÛÉ ÂÀÀ×ÀÒÈÏÅÀ. t isev, es religiebi
kvalificirebul iqnas, ÈÖ ÀÈÉ ßËÉÓ ßÉÍ ÌÓÏ×ËÉÏÛÉ, ÌÀÈ msoflioSi 10 wel-
rogorc daxuruli tipis ze bevrad adre ar-
ÛÏÒÉÓ ÀÌÄÒÉÊÉÓ ÛÄÄÒÈÄÁÖË ÛÔÀ-
specsamsaxurebi? sebobda. magram, yo-
ÔÄÁÛÉ, ÉÄÙÏÅÄËÄÁÓ ÓÀÆÏÂÀÃÏÄÁÉÓ
fili sabWoTa kav-
100% ÀÒÀÓÄÒÉÏÆÖË, ÛÄÖÒÀÝáÀÃ Siris qveynebma mxo-
ÀÃÀÌÉÀÍÈÀ ÂÀÄÒÈÉÀÍÄÁÀÃ ÈÅËÉ-ÃÀ, lod bolo wlebSi
ÃÙÄÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ ÄÓ ÌÀÜÅÄÍÄÁÄËÉ 70%- gaicnes ukeT konku-
es statistika moyvanilia u ÌÃÄ ÛÄÌÝÉÒÃÀ. rentuli religi-
raime wyaros miTiTebis ØÒÉÓÔÉÀÍÏÁÉÓ ßÉÀÙÛÉ ÜÀÓÀáÖËÉ uri rwmenebi.
gareSe, rac saSualebas
ÉÄÙÏÅÄËÏÁÀÝÀ ÃÀ ÌÖÓËÉÌÖÒ ßÉ-
mogvcemda maTi sizuste
ÀÙÛÉ ÜÀÓÀáÖËÉ ÅÀäÀÁÉÔÏÁÀÝ ÃÀáÖ-
gangvesaja. gaurkvevelia,
ras niSnavs am konteqstSi ÒÖËÉ ÔÉÐÉÓ ÓÐÄÝÓÀÌÓÀáÖÒÄÁÉÓ ÌÉ-
araseriozuli, magram ÄÒ ÛÄØÌÍÉËÉ ÀáÀËÉ ÒÄËÉÂÉÖÒÉ ÌÉÌ-
imis Tqma arazustia, rom ÃÄÅÒÏÁÄÁÉÀ. ÉÓÉÍÉ ÌÏÓÀáËÄÏÁÉÓ t aqac, àxali~ piro-
maT amerikis SeerTebul ×ÀÒÈÏ ÌÀÓÄÁÆÄÀ ÂÀÈÅËÉËÉ ÃÀ ÂÀÍ- biTi terminia. sa-
StatebSi araseriozulad ÓÀÊÖÈÒÄÁÖËÉ ÀÂÒÄÓÉÖËÏÁÉÈ ÂÀ- ukuneze metia, rac
aRiqvamdnen, Tundac bev- orive arsebobs.
ÌÏÉÒÜÄÅÀ. ÌÈÄË ÌÓÏ×ËÉÏÛÉ ÉÄÙÏ-
ri mimdevari ar hyolo-
ÅÄËÈÀ ÓÄØÔÀ ÓÉÓáËÉÓ ÓÀÌÀÒÈËÉÓ
daT.
ÃÀÌÍÀÛÀÅÄÈÀ ÊËÀÓÉÊÖÒ ÂÀÄÒÈÉÀÍÄ-

58
ÁÀÃ ÌÉÉÜÍÄÅÀ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÞÀËÀÃÏÁÉÈ ÀÌÊÅÉÃÒÄÁÓ
ÓÀÊÖÈÀÒ ÒÄËÉÂÉÖÒ ÛÄáÄÃÖËÄÁÄÁÓ. ÓÉÓáËÉÓ
ÓÀÌÀÒÈËÉÓ ÐÀÓÖáÉÓÌÂÄÁËÏÁÉÈ ÉÓãÄÁÀ ÌÀÈÉ
ßÄÅÒÄÁÉÓ ÌÏØÀËÀØÄÈÀ ÁÉÍÄÁÛÉ ÛÄàÒÀÝ ÒÄËÉ-
es braldebac ar aris gamyarebuli u ÂÉÖÒÉ ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÉÓ ÂÀÅÒÝÄËÄÁÉÓ ÌÉÆÍÉÈ.
raime damamtkicebeli sabuTiT. ra sa- ÒÀÝ ÛÄÄáÄÁÀ ÅÀäÀÁÉÔÏÁÀÓ, ÌÉÓÉ ËÉÃÄÒÄÁÉ
xiT arRveven isini sisxlis samarTlis ÀÝáÀÃÄÁÄÍ, ÒÏÌ ÅÀäÀÁÉÔÏÁÀ ÀÒÉÓ ÓÀÈÀÅÄÄÁ-
kodeqss? ra saxis Zaladobriv gzaze ÈÀÍ, ÞÅÄË ÚÖÒÀÍÈÀÍ ÃÀÁÒÖÍÄÁÉÓ ÓÀÛÖÀËÄÁÀ,
laparakobs Jurnalisti? maTi
ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÌÖÓËÉÌÄÁÓ ÀØÀÌÃÄ ÃÀÅÉßÚÄÁÖËÉ
yvelaze gavrcelebuli qmedeba aris
äØÏÍÃÀÈ. ÅÀäÀÁÉÔÄÁÉ ÌÖÓËÉÌÄÁÓ ,,ÝÖÃ ÌÏÒß-
xalxisTvis karze dakakuneba da maT-
Tan saubari. Tu isini xalxs saxlSi ÌÖÍÄÄÁÀÃ ÌÉÉÜÍÄÅÄÍ. ÅÀäÀÁÉÔÏÁÀ ÚÅÄËÀ ÌÏÒß-
uvardebian, Jurnalistma amisaTvis ÌÖÍÄÓ ÃÄÒÅÉÛÏÁÉÓÊÄÍ ÌÏÖßÏÃÄÁÓ ÃÀ ÚÏÅÄËÂ-
raime damamtkicebeli sabuTi unda mo- ÅÀÒ ØÏÍÄÁÀÓ, ÓÀáËÓÀ ÃÀ ×ÖËÓ ÖÀÒÚÏ×Ó. ÀÌÀÓ-
iyvanos. ÈÀÍÀÅÄ, ÅÀäÀÁÉÆÌÉ ÖÐÉÒÉÓÐÉÒÃÄÁÀ ÛÄÉáÄÁÉÓ
ÉÄÒÀÒØÉÀÓ ÃÀ ÈÉÈÏÄÖË ÅÀäÀÁÉÔÓ ÛÈÀÀÂÏÍÄÁÓ,
ÒÏÌ ÌÉÓÉ ÒßÌÄÍÀ ÖÍÉÅÄÒÓÀËÖÒÉÀ. ÌÏÒßÌÖÍÄ
ÅÀäÀÁÉÔÉÓ ÆÄÌÏÈ ÉÄÒÀÒØÉÖËÀÃ ÛÄÉáÉ ÀÙÀÒ
ÌÏÉÀÆÒÄÁÀ. ÅÀäÀÁÉÆÌÉ ÀÌÀÒÔÉÅÄÁÓ ÌÖÓËÉÌÖÒ
ÂÅÀÒÏÅÍÖË ÔÒÀÃÉÝÉÄÁÓÀÝ ÃÀ ÖÌÝÒÏÓÓ Ö×-
ÒÏÓÉÓ ÌÏÒÜÉËÄÁÀÓ ÀÙÀÒ ÀÅÀËÃÄÁÖËÄÁÓ. ÌÀÂÀ-
ËÉÈÀÃ, ÈÖ ÌÖÓËÉÌÖÒÉ ÊÀÍÏÍÌÃÄÁËÏÁÉÓ ÌÉ-
áÄÃÅÉÈ ÏãÀáÛÉ ÖÌÝÒÏÓ ÒÞÀËÓ ÀÒÀ ÀØÅÓ Ö×-
ra aris vahabitobis Sesaxeb moyvanili ËÄÁÀ ÃÀÉÞÉÍÏÓ ÌÀÍÀÌ, ÅÉÃÒÄ ÏãÀáÉÓ ÚÅÄËÀ ßÄÅ-
informaciis wyaro? policia? reli-
ÒÉ ÀÒ ÃÀÉÞÉÍÄÁÓ, ÅÀäÀÁÉÆÌÉÓ ÈÀÍÀáÌÀÃ, ÝÏËÉ
giis eqsperti? piradi codna? rasac
ÌáÏËÏÃ ØÌÒÉÓ ßÉÍÀÛÄÀ ÅÀËÃÄÁÖËÉ. ÒÀÝ ÛÄ-
Jurnalisti aq vahabitobis damaxasi-
aTebel niSnebad aRwers, aqedan meti ÄáÄÁÀ ÌÀÌÀÊÀÝÄÁÓ, ÅÀäÀÁÉÆÌÉ ÈÉÈÏÄÖË ÌÀÌÀÊÀÝÓ
wili raRac gansakuTrebulad ar JRers. ÛÈÀÀÂÏÍÄÁÓ, ÒÏÌ ÞÀËÀÖ×ËÄÁÉÓ ÌÏÐÏÅÄÁÀ ÛÄ-
religiebis umetesoba morwmuneebs as- ÓÀÞËÄÁÄËÉÀ ÌáÏËÏÃ ÐÉÒÀÃÉ ÅÀÑÊÀÝÏÁÉÈÀ ÃÀ
wavlis, rom rwmena sayovelTaoa, erTi ÉÀÒÀÙÉÈ. ÃÀáÖÒÖËÉ ÔÉÐÉÓ ÓÐÄÝÓÀÌÓÀáÖÒÄÁÉ
WeSmaritebaa. isini morwmuneebs uyve- ÆÒÖÍÀÅÄÍ ÉÌÉÓÀÈÅÉÓ, ÒÏÌ ÈÉÈÏÄÖË ÅÀäÀÁÉÔÓ
bian mSvenier cxovrebaze sikvdilis
äØÏÍÃÄÓ ÓÀàÉÒÏ ÒÀÏÃÄÍÏÁÉÓ ÉÀÒÀÙÉ ÃÀ ×ÖËÉ.
Semdeg. braldebebi iaraRisa da Zala-
ÒÄËÉÂÉÉÓ ÄÒÈÂÖË ÌÉÌÃÄÅÒÄÁÓ ÚÏÅÄËÃÙÉÖÒÀÃ
dobis Sesaxeb ar aris gamyarebuli ra-
ÌÏÖßÏÃÄÁÄÍ ÏÌÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÓÉÓáËÉÓÙÅÒÉÓÀÊÄÍ. ÉÓ,
ime damadasturebeli sabuTiT, Jurna-
listis sityvis garda, rac sakmarisi ÅÉÍÝ ÈÀÅÓ ÂÀÌÏÉÜÄÍÓ ÁÒÞÏËÉÓ ÅÄËÆÄ, ÉÙÄÁÓ
ar aris aseTi braldebis wamoyenebi- ÅÀÑÊÀÝÉÓ ÓÀáÄËÓ, ÉÌØÅÄÚÍÉÖÒ ÓÀÌÀÒÀÃÑÀÌÏ ÍÄ-
saTvis. u ÔÀÒÄÁÀÓ ÃÀ ×Ö×ÖÍÄÁÀÓ.
ÊÀÅÊÀÓÉÀÛÉ ÉÄÙÏÅÄËÏÁÀÝÀ ÃÀ ÅÀäÀÁÉÔÏÁÀÝ
ÁÏËÏ 7-10 ßÄËÉÀ, ÂÀÍÓÀÊÖÈÒÄÁÉÈ ÂÀÀØÔÉÖÒÃÀ.
ÏÒÉÅÄ ÒÄËÉÂÉÖÒÉ ÓÄØÔÀ ÓÀÊÌÀÏÃ ÛÄÈÀÍáÌÄÁÖ-
ËÀÃ ÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÓ ÃÀ ÏÒÉÅÄÓÀÈÅÉÓ ÊÀÅÊÀÓÉÉÓ ÒÄ-

59
ra adasturebs imas, rom isini SeTanx-
ÂÉÏÍÆÄ ÊÏÍÔÒÏËÉÓ ÂÀÍáÏÒÝÉÄËÄÁÀ ÓÀÁÏËÏÏ mebulad moqmedeben? ras gulisxmobs
ÌÉÆÀÍÓ ßÀÒÌÏÀÃÂÄÍÓ. ÉÄÙÏÅÄËÄÁÉ ÓÀÊÌÀÏÃ t Jurnalisti, roca ambobs, rom maTi sa-
ÂÀÀØÔÉÖÒÃÍÄÍ ÌÈÄËÉ ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÓ ÔÄÒÉÔÏ- boloo mizani regionze kontrolis
ÒÉÀÆÄ, ÅÀäÀÁÉÆÌÉ ÓÀÊÌÀÏÃ ÌÏÌÞËÀÅÒÃÀ ÐÀÍÊÉÓÉÓ ganxorcielebaa? politikurad? Tu
áÄÏÁÀÓÀ ÃÀ À×áÀÆÄÈÛÉ. ÓÀÖÃÉÓ ÀÒÀÁÄÈÉÓ ÃÀ- mxolod religiuri TvalsazrisiT?
áÖÒÖËÉ ÔÉÐÉÓ ÏÒÂÀÍÉÆÀÝÉÀÈÀ ÌÈÀÅÀÒÉ ÌÉÆÀ-

ÍÉÀ ÌÓÏ×ËÉÏ ÍÀÅÈÏÁÉÓ áÄËÛÉ ÜÀÂÃÄÁÀ. t Jurnalisti imas ambobs, rom saudis
arabeTma Tavisi moqalaqeebi gamogzav-
vis darCeba kavkasia na adgilobrivi mosaxleobis vahabi-
tobaze mosaqcevad, rom saudis ara-
kavkasiis regionSi religiuri kontro-
beTma navTobiT vaWrobis gakontrole-
lis mosapoveblad erTdroulad ibrZvis
ba SeZlos? sad aris am braldebis da-
ieRoveloba da vahabizmi. maTi saqmianoba madasturebeli sabuTi?
jerjerobiT erTmaneTs xels ar uSlis. Tu
masonTa Zalisxmeva qveynebSi elitarul fe-
naze _ politikosebze, mecnierebsa da xe-
lovnebis muSakebze iyo gaTvlili, vahabi-
tobisa da ieRovelobis mTavari amocana mo-
saxleobis farTo masebSi SeRwevaa. t es amocana gana gansxvavdeba romelime
sxva religiis, maT Soris marTlmadi-
daxuruli tipis specsamsaxurebi vara-
deblobis, amocanisagan?
udoben, rom ieRoveloba iseve moikidebs
fexs strategiulad mniSvnelovan qveynebSi,
es cudia? ratom aris erTi religia
rogorc erT dros protestantobam da
ukeTesi an uaresi vidre meore imisaT-
kaTolicizmma moikides. dasavleT evropis
vis, rom is saxelmwifo religiad iqnes
mTel rig qveynebSi protestantoba, rome- gamocxadebuli? Jurnalisti araviTar
lic saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi seqtad iTv- axsnas ar gvTavazobs, TiTqos isedac
leboda, saxelmwifo religiadaa gamocxa- cxadi iyos, rom religiis status-kvo
debuli. maS, ra dauSlis xels vahabitobisa t erTmniSvnelovnad saukeTesoa.
da ieRovelobis saxelmwifo religiad ga-
mocxadebas saqarTveloSi, vTqvaT, 50 wlis
Semdeg? t isev, ra aris imaSi cudi, rom adamians
mieces ufleba, airCios is religia, ro-
melTan mimarTebaSic yvelaze moxerxe-
`jorjian Taimsi~, bulad igrZnobs Tavs? Tu isini sxva re-
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo, ligiur rwmenaze moeqcevian, es aSka-
2002 wlis 22-29 agvisto rad niSnavs, rom marTlmadidebloba
ar akmayofilebs maT sulier da emo-
ciur moTxovnilebebs da saWiroa ara
sxva religiebisaTvis gadabraleba, ara-
med imis garkveva, Tu ratom moxda ase.

60
61
5. genderi

62
genderi
b
olo 10 wlis manZilze samxreT kavkasiaSi sazogadoebebis cvlis parale-
lurad qalTa rolic icvleboda. magram qalebze orientirebuli zogi-
erTi bolodroindeli Jurnalisa da sxva gamocemebis mixedviT Tu vimsje-
lebT, SeiZleba adamianma ifiqros, rom maT interess mxolod tansacmeli,
kosmetika, saxlis mowyoba da samzareulo warmoadgens. im SezRudvebis
gamo, romliTac isini _ da sxvebic _ itanjebodnen bolo aTwleulamde.
gasagebia, rom asarCevi produqtebis dRes metia, magram eWvgareSea, rom
bevr qals gacilebiT farTo interesebi aqvs.
masmediaSi qali xSirad warmodgenilia an rogorc diasaxlisi da modis
`qalRmerTi~, an rogorc meZavi an sxva saxis msxverpli. maSin, roca pros-
titucia da trefikingi qalebSi seriozul problemas warmoadgens, saWi-
roa, qalebis cxovreba mTeli mravalferovnebiT iqnes gaSuqebuli, iseve,
rogorc mamakacTa cxovreba. gTavazobT ramdenime rCevas, romlebic amis
miRwevaSi dagexmarebaT:
qalebi ar unda iyon warmodgenilni mxolod im statiebSi romlebic

*
konkretulad qalTa sakiTxebs da problemebs exeba. roca ki amis SesaZ-
lebloba geqnebaT, CarTeT qalebi da gamoiyeneT isini informaciis wyarod.
Tu xelovnebis rame mimarTulebaze werT, moZebneT erTi-ori xelovani
qali, romelic ganxiluli sakiTxebis komentirebas SeZlebs. Tu Tqvens
regionSi mimdinare politikuri debatebis Sesaxeb werT, ecadeT ipovoT
qali politikosi, romlis azrebsac gaaSuqebT statiaSi. mizani is ki ar
aris, rom statiaSi qalis Sexedulebebi xelovnurad CarToT, aramed is,
rom gaigoT, raoden faseulia, rodesac qalebs, mTel rig sakiTxebze sa-
kuTari azris gamoTqmis saSualeba eZlevaT.
gadaxedeT imaT sias, visac Cveulebriv ukavSirdebiT xolme ideebis

*
Camoyalibebisa da statiis weris procesSi informaciis mowodebisa da
daxmarebisaTvis. Tu Tqvens siaSi umravlesobas mamakacebi warmoadgenen,
miiReT zomebi, rom sia gaafarTovoT. miuxedavad imisa, rom mamakacebi
biznesis, politikis, akademiur da kulturul sferoebSi umravlesobas
warmoadgenen, iseTi qalis povna, romelic zustad iseve Seasrulebs masze
dakisrebul movaleobebs, Tqven rom ggoniaT, imaze advilia.

63
masalaSi, qali iseve unda aRweroT, rogorc amas mamakacze gaakeTebdiT. Tu
*Cveulebriv ar aRwerT xolme mamakaci biznesmenis Cacmulobasa da varcxnilobas,
qalis SemTxvevaSic nu gaakeTebT amas, Tuki es ganxilul Temas ar exeba. moerideT
iseTi sityvis xmarebas, rogoricaa `qaluri~. es sityva uamrav asociacias iwvevs
da bevrnairad SeiZleba iqnes gagebuli. konkretuli detalebi ixmareT, rom axs-
naT, ras gulisxmobT _ narnarad dadis Tu rbili da sasiamovno xma aqvs.
yuradRebiT iyaviT, rom Tqvens statiebSi raime mosazreba ar gamoTqvaT qalis

*
marTebuli rolis Sesaxeb. Jurnalistebi xSirad iziareben da uneblied avrcele-
ben sazogadoebaSi qalisa da mamakacis Sesaxeb arsebul stereotipebs. yvela qali
ar aris mxolod modiTa da saWmlis mzadebiT dainteresebuli. bevri qali aqti-
urad erTveba sazogadoebis metad rTul politikur da socialur problemebSi.
zogi bizness iwyebs da warmatebiTac uZRveba. moiZieT iseTi qalebi, romelTa
cxovrebac qalebisa da maTi `Sesaferisi~ adgilis Sesaxeb arsebuli Sexedulebebis
sapirispiros amtkicebs.
SexvdiT qalTa organizaciebis warmomadgenlebs da gaigeT, ra awuxebT maT.

*SesaZloa maTTvis iseTi sakiTxebi aRmoCndes mniSvnelovani, romelTa Sesaxeb arc
Tqven da arc Tqvenma redaqtorma araferi icodiT. urCieT, rom dagikavSirdnen,
Tuki rame saintereso da mniSvnelovani eqnebaT TqvenTvis saTqmeli. magram rasac
mogiTxroben, saboloo sityvad nu miiRebT. aseve nu gegonebaT, rom yvela qalTa
organizacias erTi da igive eqneba saTqmeli. zogs, SesaZloa, gansxvavebuli azri
da Sexeduleba hqondes, romlebic aseve unda gaiTvaliswinoT masalaSi.
ecadeT daweroT ojaxSi Zaladobisa da seqsualuri Seviwroebis Sesaxeb. es sa-

*kiTxebi farTod ganixileba dasavleTSi, magram postkomunistur qveynebSi maT
saTanado yuradReba ar dasTmobia. es Zalze seriozuli problemebia da ignorire-
buli iyo, an arc ise mniSvnelovnad iTvleboda, rogorc samarTlebrivi sistemis,
aseve masmediis mier. ojaxSi Zaladoba xSirad ara danaSaulebriv, aramed Sida
ojaxur sakiTxad miaCniaT, maSinac ki, rodesac Sedegad mZime fizikur travmebs
viRebT. gaigeT, rogor udgebian am sakiTxebs Tqvens regionSi. icavs Tu ara kanoni
qalebs qmrisa Tu partnioris mier fizikuri Seuracxyofis miyenebisgan? rogor
reagirebs policia da xelisuflebis sxva organoebi? arsebobs Tu ara iseTi da-
wesebulebebi, sadac qalebsa da bavSvebs daxmarebis miReba da TavSesafris povna
SuZliaT?
seqsualuri Seviwroeba samsaxuris adgilebSi, aseve erT-erTi sakiTxia, ro-

*melsac didi yuradReba eTmoba dasavleTSi maSin, rodesac bevri am problemas
umniSvnelod miiCnevs, faqtia, rom nebismier sazogadoebaSi qalebs xSirad uwevT

64
mamakac TanamSromlebTan da ufrosebTan dapirispireba, romlebic dawinaurebisa
Tu xelfasis gazrdis sanacvlod, anda sulac samsaxuridan daTxovnis muqariT,
seqsualur `SeRavaTebs~ iTxoven maTgan. zogjer Seviwroeba pirdapiri moTxovnis
formiT ki ar xorcieldeba, aramed qalis mimarT vulgaruli, Seuracxmyofeli
da uxamsi sityvebis TqmiT. amgvari mopyrobisas samsaxuri gausaZlisi xdeba. da
isev, gaigeT, ra kanonebi arsebobs am sakiTxebis Sesaxeb Tqvens regionSi. ramdenad
didia es problema da rogor ebrZvian mas qalebi?
prostituciis sakiTxi ZiriTadia, rodesac saqme masmediis mier qalTa prob-

*lemebis gaSuqebas Seexeba. es udavod Zalian mniSvnelovania, magram imavdroulad,
unda ecadoT, rom SewyvitoT im qalebis Sefaseba, visTvisac prostitucia SesaZ-
loa erTaderT saarsebo saSualebas warmoadgendes. maSinac ki, roca qali am gzas
sakuTari nebiT irCevs, ecadeT, rom cxovrebas misi TvaliT SexedoT. aseve ecadeT,
rom stereotipebs miRma gaixedoT. yvela meZavi aucileblad narkomani an cudi
deda sulac ar aris.
zogierT qveyanaSi meZavebma SemoiRes termini `seqsis muSaki~. maTTvis es mi-

*marTva naklebad Seuracxmyofelia. hkiTxeT, ratom urCevniaT, rom am terminiT
moixsenion da dawereT, ras niSnavs es cvlileba meZavebisaTvis. gaigeT, xom ar
cdiloben isini, anu seqsis muSakebi, sakuTari organizaciebis da asociaciebis
Camoyalibebas? xom ar cdiloben, TavisTvis jandacvis gaumjobesebis lobirebas?
xom ar cdiloben, rom xeli Seewyos informaciis gavrcelebas imis Sesaxeb, rogor
unda xdebodes Tavis dacva Sidsis an sxva sqesobrivi gziT gadamdebi daavadebe-
bisagan?
qalTa trefikingi bolo wlebSi metad mniSvnelovani sakiTxi gaxda. gaigeT, ra

*mdgomareobaa am mxriv Tqvens regionSi _ saidan mihyavT qalebi, ra gzebiT axer-
xeben maT gatyuebas sakuTari qveynebidan da ra xerxebiT aZaleben sxvagan darCe-
nas? gaesaubreT am sakiTxebze momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebs da sTxoveT
dagakavSiron im qalebTan, romlebic amgvar situaciaSi aRmoCndnen.

65
saswavlo masala
regionul masmediaSi qalebi yvelaze xSirad warmoCenilni arian meZavebad da, ara mxo-
lod meZavebad, aramed daavadebaTa matareblebad da, am gagebiT, danarCeni mosaxleobi-
saTvis saSiSebad. ra Tqma unda, gazeTebma da masmediis sxva saSualebebma unda Seiswav-
lon sazogadoebaSi prostituciis sakiTxi, magram es unda iyos erTaderTi ki ara, aramed
mxolod erT-erTi im mravalricxovan sakiTxTagan, romelic qalebis Sesaxeb Suqdeba. uzne-
obaa maTi ise gaSuqeba, rom arc ki ecado romelime meZavTan an im organizaciasTan gasa-
ubrebas, romlebic maT warmoadgenen an qalTa uflebebze muSaoben. winaaRmdeg SemTx-
vevaSi, qalebi aRiqmebian sazogadoebrivi problemebis, magaliTad Sidsis, wyarod.
5. a) quCis qalebi veneriuli daavadebebis

matareblebi arian
qalebi meZavobas xSirad imitom iwye-
ruseTis qalaqebi, sankt-peterburgi da eka- ben, rom fulis Sovnis sxva saSualeba
terinburgi, dsT-s sivrceSi lider pozici- ar gaaCniaT. es ar aqcevs maT ufro
ebs ikaveben ùweso~ qalebs Soris Sidsis ùwesoebad~, vidre sxvebs. Tu qals
gavrcelebis masStabebiT. t hyavs Svilebi, romlebic unda gamok-
es gamovlinda im farTomasStabiani ga- vebos da ar gaaCnia amis aranairi saSu-
mokiTxviT, romelic CautardaT SidsiT da- aleba, albaT is ufro ùwesoba~ iqne-
avadebulebs _ am virusiT inficirebul ada- boda, meZavoba ar daewyo, da amis ma-
mianebs _ ruseTis oTxi qalaqidan da dsT-s givrad mSieri SvilebisaTvis eyure-
ori qveynidan (medniusi). bina. sityva ùweso~ am SemTxvevaSi Ri-
rebulebiTi Sefasebaa Jurnalistis
galina fedotovas [im jgufis xelmZRva-
mier da arafriT ar amdidrebs stati-
neli, romelmac Caatara gamokvleva] TqmiT,
as.
kiTxvarebi daurigdaT qalebs, romlebic
ùweso~ cxovrebas ewevian ruseTis qalaqebSi
_ moskovSi, sankt-peterburgSi, ekaterinbur-
gsa da tomskSi, agreTve moldaveTsa da azer-
baijanSi. isini gamokvleulni iyvnen Sidsze.
gamokiTxvis Sedegebis analizis Sedegad aR- wina winadadebaSi Jurnalisti axse-
moCnda, rom ùweso~ qalebSi Sidsis virusis nebs Sidss, aq ki _ Sidsis viruss. es
gavrcelebis TvalsazrisiT sankt-peter- ori gansxvavebuli ram aris. bevri
burgi `liderobs~. gamovlinda, rom pros- t adamiania inficirebuli imunodefi-
tituciaSi CarTul qalTa 48% momakvdi- citis (Sidsis) virusiT, magram maT
nebeli virusis matarebelia. es maCvenebeli Sidsi ara aqvT. es statia gaurkvevels
azerbaijanSi 13%-s aRwevs, xolo molda- tovebs, gamokiTxva infeqcias exebo-
veTSi _ 28%-s. da, Tu SidsiT daavadebis uSualo Sem-
Txvevebs.
gazeTi èlCi~,
baqo, azerbaijani, 2004 wlis 8 maisi

66
es statia qalebs arsebiTad arastabilur da agresiul adamianebad xatavs. miuxedavad
imisa, rom statia politikuri TvalsazrisiT ar adanaSaulebs zogadad qalebs, aSkaraa,
rom es konkretul jgufi warmoCenilia, rogorc gaugebari Sexedulebebis mqone SeS-
lilebis xrova. maSinac ki, Tu maTi Sexedulebebi radikaluria, kargi iqneboda maTgan
gagvego, ratom sjeraT imisi, risic sjeraT.
5. b) winasaarCevno sisxlisRvra
ukve dawyebulia
bolnisSi momxdarma incidentma amgvar t ra kavSiri aqvs wina Setake-
praqtikas ukve daudo saTave. am sisxliani bas amJamindel incident-
Setakebidan ramdenime dRis Semdeg morigi Tan? sasargeblo iqneboda
brZola gaimarTa, amjerad ukve TbilisSi. mokled misi aRwera, rom ga-
sagebi gamxdariyo am inci-
Setakebis mizezi gaxda isev da isev arCevnebi. am

dentis Sinaarsi.
SetakebaSi yvelaze saintereso da mniSvnelovani is

iyo, rom erTmaneTs amjerad ukve qalebi da kacebi ratom `bunebrivia~? Jurna-
daupirispirdnen, romlebic, bunebrivia, sxvadasxva listi imas xom ar mianiSnebs,
politikur platformaze idgnen. t rom qalebsa da mamakacebs yo-
velTvis dapirispirebuli
Cxubi da gawev-gamoweva amjerad isnis raionSi
Sexedulebebi eqnebaT?
erT-erTi deputatobis kandidatis wardgenas moh-
yva. am raionSi burjanaZe-demokratebis saxeliT
kenWs daviT WiWinaZe iyris, romelic 1999-2003
wlebis mowvevis parlamentSi tradicionalistTa
siiT moxvda.
am dReebSi isnis raionis gamgeobaSi misi depu-
tatobis kandidatad sazeimo wardgena unda gamar-
Tuliyo. WiWinaZis sanaxavad da mosasmenad ramde-
nime aseulma adamianma moiyara Tavi. maT Soris ma-
makacebi Warbobdnen. kandidatis ndobiT aRWurvili
es Zalian xmamaRali gancxa-
pirebisa da misi momxreebisTvis moulodnelad debaa. rogor gamoiyurebod-
gamgeobis Senobis win Tavi ramdenime aTeulma qal- nen isini? rogori saxis ga-
batonma moiyara. TviTmxilvelTa gancxadebiT, maT mometyveleba hqondaT?am
Tavidanve etyobodaT, rom iq kargi saqmisTvis ar scenis aRweras detalebi ak-
iyvnen misulni. t lia.
Tqven cudi araferi ifiqroT, ubralod, im man- manifestant qalebze saub-

dilosnebs kandidatis wardgenis ceremonialis CaS- risas Jurnalistis sarkazmi
gvafiqrebinebs, rom, maT rac
la surdaT da meti araferi. t
ar unda eTqvaT, mosmenis Rir-
si araferi ar iqneboda. Tu
isini aseTi gabrazebulebi ari-
an, ese igi, maT Tavisi mosazre-
ba unda hqondeT amasTan da-
kavSirebiT. samwuxarod, aq es
Tvalsazrisi arsaidan ar Cans.
67
is aSkarad cdilobs mianiSnos,
mandilosnebi jiqur mieWrnen mamakacebs da isini rom qalebi mxecebiviT iqceod-
politikur debatebSi gamoiwvies. mogexsenebaT, rom nen, da maT saqciels politi-
kur SexedulebebTan akavSirebs.
saqarTveloSi zedmetad politizebuli xalxi cxov- aseTi martivi asociacia ara-
robs da, sakmarisia, erTi sityva iTqvas politikaze, nairad ar hfens naTels imas,
rom yvela am Temaze iwyebs laparaks. WiWinaZis mom- razea politikuri debatebi.
is, rom isini gamsaxurdias mom-
xreebmac ver gauZles am cdunebas, Tanac ifiqres, xreebi arian, romelic aT wel-
`paxodu~, qalebsac gavearSiyebiTo da gaimarTa cxa- zea metia, rac gardaicvala,
kargi kauWia, romelzec SeiZ-
re debatebi. swored iq dauSves Secdoma im mamaka-
leba garkveuli konteqsti mo-
cebma. rogorc ki isini politikur debatebSi Caer- ebas. ra moswondaT maT gamsa-
Tnen, qalebi imwamsve araadamianur kivilze gadavid- xurdiaSi? rogor fiqroben
isini, kargi iqneboda is qveyni-
nen. am wivil-kivilis dros gairkva, rom is mandilos- saTvis dRes? reportiori
nebi eqsprezident zviad gamsaxurdias momxreebi yo- arsad ar cdilobs am SekiTx-
filan. t vebze pasuxis gacemas.
am kategoriis mandilosnebs ki Cxubis sakmaod

kargi gamocdileba aqvT. bolo aTi wlis ganmavlo-
is faqti, rom maT manamdec
baSi maT drogamoSvebiT uwevdaT gamklaveba xan sxva- mouwyviaT amgvari saprotes-
dasxva SeiaraRebul formirebebTan, xanac _ poli- to aqciebi, xdis Tu ara maT po-
ciis specrazmTan. t litikur Sexedulebebs ara-
legitimurs? yovelTvis isi-
amdenad, gamowrTobil qalebs arc WiWinaZis mom- ni iwyebdnen Cxubs?
xreebis winaaRmdegobis daZleva gasWirvebiaT. isini
wivil-kiviliT ekveTnen mowinaaRmdeges da arnaxuli
yvela qali pwkenda yvela ma-
wyevla-krulva daatexes Tavs. kacebi jer Tavs ika-
makacs? Tu mxolod erTma da-
vebdnen, xolo roca mandilosnebi msubuq pwkenaze iwyo pwkena? vin aris am bral-
gadavidnen, kacebi iZulebulni gaxdnen, gineba amo- debis wyaro? gaurkveveli rCe-
eSvaT piridan. t ba, iyo Tu ara reportiori am
da valSi arc mowinaaRmdege mxare darCenila. uw- scenis uSualod mowme.
mawuri sityvebis xmareba CvenSi qalebsac kargad

t ise Cans, TiTqos kacebi ìZu-
emarjvebaT. lebulni~ iyvnen, qalebis saq-
saboloo jamSi, yvelaferi imiT dasrulda, rom cielis Semxedvare gadasuli-
yvnen ginebaze. magram aq Jur-
WiWinaZis wardgena CaSlilad gamocxadda. wivil-ki- nalisti gulisxmobs, rom qale-
vilis smeniT daRlilma mamakacebma brZolis velis bi ayenebdnen kacebs Seuracx-
yofas, roca uwmawuri sityve-
datoveba daiwyes. eqsprezidentis momxreebi ki mo- bis xmarebas qalebis `marjve
winaaRmdeges bolomde gaekidnen, Tanac gzadagza Cvevas~ uwodebs. ratom aris ra-
tomRac bunebrivi kacebisaT-
civi xmiT gahkiodnen, am qveyanas marto maSin eSve- vis ùwmawuri sityvebis~ Tqma,
leba, roca gamsaxurdia dabrundebao. qalebisTvis ki _ ara?
am ambavs burjanaZe-demokratebis blokma didi
rogor saubrobdnen isini Se-
Sefaseba maincdamainc ar misca. SeSinebul mamakaceb-
Sinebul mamakacebze? zustad
ze isini saubrobdnen da axla ra piriT ganacxadeb-
vis sdebdnen isini brals SeSi-
dnen, ramdenime qalma Cveni momxreebi SeaSinao. t nebulobaSi?

68
WiWinaZis saarCevno StabSi dResac tvins iWyleten
imaze fiqriT, Tu visi gulisTvis CauSales maT fa-
vorits qalebma amomrCevelTan Sexvedra. WiWinaZis
garda, isanSi kidev ori adamiani iyris kenWs. Tumca
zviadisti qalebi arc gia yaryaraSvilis da arc
vladimer baqraZis fanebi ar arian. amdenad, unda
gamovricxoT, rom Sexvedris CasaSlelad qalebi
mowinaaRmdege kandidatebis davalebiT mividnen.
rogorc Cans, es mandilosnebi, ubralod, moxali-
es kidev erTxel gamoricxavs seebi iyvnen, erT-erTi kandidatis momxreebis dar-
im azrs, rom isini SesaZloa bevac, ubralod, politikuri gantvirTvisaTvis mo-
motivirebulni iyvnen Zlieri
u awyves.
politikuri mosazrebebiT.
mxolod is, rom Jurnalisti Tuki maTi temperamentisa da xmis tembris mixed-
ar eTanxmeba maT Sexedule- viT vimsjelebT, amgvar aqciebs sxa drosac didi
bebs, ar niSnavs imas, rom am siamovnebiT moawyoben. mTavaria, droze gaigon, sad
qalebs ara aqvT maTi gamoxat- da visi wardgenaa.
vis ufleba.
gazeTi axali Taoba,

Tbilisi, saqarTvelo, 2003 wlis 1 oqtomberi

69
es statia akmayofilebs Jurnalistikis erT-erT umTavres moTxovnas _ warmodgenili
iqnes ori sapirispiro Sexeduleba mniSvnelovani sakiTxis _ im rolis Sesaxeb, rome-
lic qalebma unda iTamaSon sazogadoebasa da politikur cxovrebaSi. ruzan xaCat-
rians SesaZlebloba eZleva, upasuxos prezidentis SeniSvnebs. Jurnalisti mkiTxvels
saSualebas aZlevs, TviTon gansajos, am oridan romel mosazrebas mianiWos upira-
tesoba. Tumca, kargi iqneboda, saSualeba miscemoda prezidents, an Tundac vinmes
misi ofisidan, ufro detalurad gaeca pasuxi im sakiTxebze, razec qalbatoni lapa-
rakobs, gansakuTrebiT ki im braldebaze, rom prezidentis administracia Zirs uTxris
konstitucias da legitimuroba ar gaaCnia. Tu misi ofisidan aravin isurva pasuxis
gacema, statiaSi SeiZleboda aRniSnuliyo, rom iyo aseTi pasuxis gacemis mcdeloba.
5. g) momaval 8 marts Cven

ojaxebTan erTad gavatarebT
iyo Tu ara Jurnalis-
ti prezidentisa da
e revnis saxelmwifo universi-
studentebis Sexved-
tetSi studentebTan Sexvedris
raze? Tu iyo, maSin ra dros prezidents dausves Seki- t zustad rodis Catarda es
upasuxes studentebma Txva, Tu ra azrisaa 8 marts qa- Sexvedra? rasTan dakavSi-
prezidentis komen- lebis mowyobili saprotesto rebiT?
tars? dausves damate-
mitingis Sesaxeb. pasuxad ro-
biTi SekiTxvebi? misi
bert qoCarianma aRniSna: `Cvens
gancxadeba aSkarad qa-
lTa funqciebis Sesa- cnobierebaSi 8 marti aris qa-
xeb stereotipuli Se- luri siTbos, sinazisa da oja-
xedulebis gamoxatvaa. xis zeimi. piradad me, ar mesmis,
ganmarta Tu ara man sa- ratom moawyves maT am dRes ase-
erTod, ratom fiq-
u Ti agresiuli gamosvla~. t aseve, kargi iqneboda gvqo-
robs, rom Sexvedra ag-
resiuli iyo? Tu ase Cven vTxoveT 8 martis mitin- noda rame zogadi infor-
fiqrobs, maSin esec un- gis monawiles ruzan xaCatrians, macia 8 martis Sexvedris
da Sesuliyo statiaSi. ardarutiunis kavSiris warmo- Sesaxeb. vin moawyo? ramde-
Tu Jurnalisti ar es- madgenels mediasTan urTier- ni adamiani eswreboda? zus-
wreboda Sexvedras, sa- tad ra gaakeTes? ra saxis
TobaSi, gaeziarebina Cveni mkiT-
Wiro iyo am citatis moTxovnebi wamoayenes? erT-
wyaros miTiTeba _ ofi- xvelisTvis Tavisi mosazreba
jeradi RonisZieba iyo Tu
cialuri oqmis an mTav- prezidentis komentaris Ta- nawili mitingebis seriisa,
robis warmomadgene- obaze: `SeiZleba gakeTdes sain- romelic imave jgufebis
lis gancxadebisa. mkiT- tereso dakvirveba _ aRniSna mier aris organizebuli?
xveli unda darwmun-
man _ `batoni qoCariani gansa-
des, rom gancxadeba
imis zusti asaxvaa, rac
kuTrebiT gulwrfeli gaxda am
prezidentma sinamdvi- dReebSi, rac mas did zians aye-
leSi Tqva.

70
nebs. mas albaT ar esmis Tavisi
gancxadebis mniSvneloba _
`ratom moawyves maT dRes ase-
Ti agresiuli Sexvedra~. bu-
nebrivad ismis kiTxva _ rome-
li dRe ajobebda àgresiuli
SexvedrebisTvis?~ iqneb Tvi-
Ton gviTxras. is saSinlad cde-
ba, roca hgonia, rom am mi-
tingze iyvnen mxolod is qale-
bi, romlebsac ojaxuri siTbo
akliaT, radgan am dRes Cven
marto is qalebi ar gvyavda,
romlebic TavianT ojaxebze aqac, am qalbatonis gancxa-
zrunaven _ isini qveynasa da deba Zalian STambeWdavia,
xalxzec fiqroben. gvinda da- magram ufro sasargeblo
varwmunoT batoni qoCariani, iqneboda, rom meti Sinaar-
si hqonoda. ufro meti de-
rom momaval 8 marts Cvens oja-
talebi 8 martis Sexved-
xebTan erTad gavatarebT, rad-
rasa da mis politikur Se-
gan somxeTSi aRdgeba sakons- degebze mkiTxvels daexma-
titucio samarTali da Seiq- reboda misi mniSvnelobis
mneba legitimuri mTavroba.~ t ukeT gagebaSi.
gazeTi ìravunqi~,
erevani, somxeTi,
2004 wlis 12 marti

71
6. invalidebi

72
invalidebi
i nvalidebs _ fizikuri Tu gonebrivi naklis mqone pirebs, masmedia

xSirad yuradRebas ar aqcevs. Tuki yuradRebas aqceven, maT Sesaxeb
weren rogorc xalxze, romelsac an unda dascino, anda gecodebodes.
am problemas reportiorebi xSirad eqimebTan, mTavrobis warmomad-
genlebTan an sxvebTan ganixilaven da azradac ar mosdiT, rom TviT
invalidebs esaubron. ase rom, maT Zalze bundovani warmodgena aqvT,
ras grZnoben an ras fiqroben sakuTar mdgomareobaze Tavad invali-
debi.
es, SeiZleba imitomac xdebodes, rom interviusaTvis invalidis
povna Znelia. SizofreniiT, sidebiliT da sxva gonebrivad da emoci-
urad daavadebuli adamianebi yovelTvis garidebulni iyvnen sazo-
gadoebas saxlebsa Tu specialur dawesebulebebSi. amis mizezi is iyo,
rom ojaxebs rcxvenodaT maTi gamoCena, anda cdilobdnen, rom isini
socialuri diskriminaciisagan daecvaT. igive SeiZleba iTqvas imaT-
zec, visac kidurebi aklia, cerebraluri dambla aqvs an skleroziTaa
daavadebuli. sazogadoebam bevri veraferi gaakeTa maTi saWiroebebis
dasakmayofileblad, iqneba es ganaTlebis da dasaqmebis SesaZleb-
lobebis Seqmna Tu fizikuri infrastruqturis, _ quCebisa da sazo-
gadoebrivi Senobebis Sesaferisad mowyoba.
sirTules isic warmoadgens, rom invalidebi an rame sxva formis
naklis mqone adamianebi xSirad sxva socialur jgufebsac ekuTvnian,
romelTa mimarT farTo sazogadoeba uaryofiTad aris ganwyobili.
miuxedavad imisa, rom SidsiT nebismieri SeiZleba daavaddes _ narko-
manebs, meZavebs da homoseqsualebs SidsiT daavadebis yvelaze maRali
riskis mqone pirebad Tvlian, Tanac isini, rogorc wesi, sazogadoebis
Rirseul wevrebad ar miaCniaT.
gTavazobT ramdenime moments, romelic unda gaiTvaliswinoT in-
validebis Sesaxeb sakiTxebisa Tu movlenebis gaSuqebisas:
pirvel yovlisa, aucileblad gaaSuqeT es sakiTxebi da gaSuqebisas

*aucileblad gaesaubreT Tavad invalidebs. is, rasac sxvebi mogiTx-
roben maT Sesaxeb, Tundac amas maTdami simpaTiiT akeTebdnen, Tqveni

73
masalis mxolod sawyisi wertili unda iyos. kontaqti Tavad invalidebTan unda
daamyaroT da hkiTxoT, emTxveva Tu ara maT Sesaxeb monaTxrobi maT Tvalsazriss
Tavisi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. Tu am erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego azrebs SeityobT,
dabrundiT maTTan vinc, Tavs eqspertad miiCnevs, eqimTan an sxva vinmesTan, da
kvlav dausviT maT kiTxvebi.
nu gaaSuqebT invalidebs mxolod maTi avadmyofobis konteqstSi. invalidebs,

*iseve, rogorc nebismier sxva adamians, interesebi, kariera da ojaxebi aqvT. Tu
iseT xalxs SexvdebiT, romlebmac invalidobis miuxedavad warmatebas miaRwies
xelovnebaSi, politikaSi an sxva profesionalur cxovrebaSi, ecadeT, masala amis
Sesaxeb statiisaTvis gamoiyenoT. dayaviT maTTan garkveuli dro da gaigeT, ra
sirTuleebis gadalaxva mouxdaT warmatebis misaRwevad, ras urCevdnen Tavisnair
mdgomareobaSi myof sxva pirebs.
daukvirdiT masalis enas. nebismier enaSi invalidebis aRwerisaTvis mTeli rigi

*specifikuri sityvebi arsebobs. zogi Seuracxmyofelia, zogic _ ara. SeiZleba
gegonoT, rom romelime sityva an gamoTqma sawyenad ar JRers, magram Tqven amas
ver gansjiT. Tu invalidi ambobs, rom urCevnia sxva sityvebiT aRweroT, seri-
ozulad miudeqiT mis Txovnas.
invalidebis misawvdomobis sakiTxi maTi gaSuqebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani

*aspeqtia. dawereT, cdilobs Tu ara sazogadoeba raime nabijebis gadadgmas, rom
invalidebma mniSvnelovan socialur movlenebSi monawileobis miReba SeZlon. Tu
ara, maS ra aris amis mizezi? finansuri sirTuleebis, politikuri nebis naklebobis,
Rrmad gamjdari winaswarganwyobisa, Tu raime sxva mizezis gamo xdeba? ra saxis
saganmanaTleblo da profesiul SesaZleblobebze miuwvdebaT (an ar miuwvdebaT)
invalidebs xeli?
gaarkvieT, Tu aarseben invalidebi jgufebs. Tu aarseben, ra gzebiT axerxeben

*amas? sakuTari interesebis dacvisa da xelSewyobis mizniT TanamSromloben Tu
ara isini arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan? aRmosavleT evropis mraval qveyanaSi
SidsiT inficirebulebma da daavadebulebma sakuTari asociaciebi Camoayalibes,
rom erTmaneTisaTvis daxmareba gaewiaT da mTavrobasa da sazogadoebaze zewola
moexdinaT da Tavisi saWiroebebisaken maTi yuradReba miepyroT. bevr qveyanaSi
invalidebi, fizikuri Tu gonebrivi nakliT, da maTi ojaxis wevrebi, mTavrobisagan
efeqturi mkurnalobis xelmisawvdomobis gazrdas moiTxoven. gaigeT, ra mdgoma-
reobaa am TvalsazrisiT Tqvens regionSi.

74
srulad gaerkvieT im sakiTxebSi, romlis Sesaxebac werT. magaliTad, Tu Sidsis
*virusiT inficirebulebis Sesaxeb werT, unda icodeT, ra gasxvavebaa SidsiT
inficirebulsa da Sidsis mqone adamians Soris. unda gesmodeT, ra gzebiT gadadis
an ar gadadis Sidsis virusi. Jurnalistebs xalxis informirebis SesaniSnavi Se-
saZlebloba aqvT. amave dros, isini pasuxismgebelni arian maT mier mowodebuli
informaciis sisworeze.
JurnalistebisaTvis, invalidebis mimarT TanagrZnobasa da maT Secodebas

*
Soris didi gansxvavebaa. Tu TanaugrZnobT, es niSnavs, rom maT, rogorc pirovnebas,
afasebT, radgan maTTan gisaubriaT, maT gverdiT yofilxarT da sakuTari TvaliT
ginaxavT maTi cxovreba. SecodebaSi yovelTvis aris qedmaRluri damokidebulebis
raRac elementi, TiTqos Tqven, anda vinme sxvam, ukeT iciT, ra sWirdebaT invali-
debs. Tu Tqveni Sexedulebebi ara Tavad invalidebis, aramed maT Sesaxeb sxva xal-
xis naTqvamis safuZvelze yalibdeba, ufro savaraudoa, rom Tqven maTi Secodebis
grZnoba gagiCndeT. am SemTxvevaSi Tqven ver iqnebiT mzad, rom maT Sesaxeb daweroT.
imis gamo, rom invalidebi xSirad sazogadoebisagan CamoSorebulni arian,

*SesaZlebelia gaWirdes maTi moZebna gasaubrebis mizniT. ukeTesi iqneba, Tu im
arasamTavrobo organizaciebs daukavSirdeT, romlebic invalidebs warmoadgenen.
gaesaubreT organizatorebs, raTa jer zogadad SeityoT maTi problemebis
Sesaxeb. Semdeg sTxoveT, rom romelime invalidTan dagakavSiron. aucileblad
gaesaubreT imaTac, vinc am jgufis wevrebs ar warmoadgenen. isini, SesaZloa, am
sakiTxebs sul sxva TvaliT uyurebdnen da ufro pirdapiri azrebi da Sexedule-
bebi hqondeT.
stereotipebi xSirad sinamdvilis nawilsac Seicavs. kidurebdakargul adami-

*
anebs Soris SeiZleba bevri maTxovari da usaxlkaro iyos _ magram, SesaZloa, es
imis gamo xdebodes, rom sazogadoebas maTTvis didi arCevanis saSualeba ar miucia.
narkomanebs Soris SidsiT inficirebis done gacilebiT maRalia, magram SesaZloa,
es imis brali iyos, rom maT ar ician, rogor daicvan Tavi infeqciisagan, anda
sterilur nemsebze xeli ver miuwvdebaT. asociaciebis gamomwvevi mizezebi xSirad
sazogadoebis problemebis safuZvelSi unda veZioT. Tavad xalxis dadanaSauleba
sulac ar aris Jurnalistis movaleoba.

75
saswavlo masala
es statia gamoxatavs fizikuri naklis mqone adamianebis azrs da, ise warmoaCens maT,
rom iseTi STabeWdileba rCeba, TiTqos isini madlieri ar iyon im daxmarebisa, romelsac
maT uweven. am STabeWdilebas Tavidanve qmnis statiis saTauri, romelic gansakuTrebul
aqcents akeTebs mxolod im momentze, rom invalidebma iCivles. es gamyarebulia statiis
toniTac, romlis ironiac gansakuTrebiT igrZnoba teqstis somxur originalSi. statia
qmnis zogad STabeWdilebas, rom isini gaumaZRari mowuwuneebi arian da cdiloben keTil-
ganwyobili sazogadoebisagan miiRon yvelaferi, rac ki SesaZlebelia. statia aseve aR-
wers politikur qiSpobas artikis mersa da adgilobriv invalidebs Soris da sabolood,
naklebad cdilobs im mZime situaciisaTvis naTelis mofenas, romelic aseT sirTuleebs
uqmnis maT cxovrebaSi.
6. a) invalidebi Civian
i nvalidTa kavSirma àstgikma~ Caatara pirveli Ro-
nisZieba Temaze: `davicvaT invalidebis uflebebi da
mxari davuWiroT maT.~ àstgikis~ prezidentma, levon
nersesianma amerikuli organizaciis `vilCear fondis-
gan~ miiRo 240 invalidis etli [TiToeuli maTgani 150
aSS dolaris Rirebulebisa], somxeTis respublikis
sxvadasxva regionebsa da mTian yarabaRSi mcxovrebi
mosaxleobisaTvis dasarigeblad. pirveli, vinc es Se-
Tavazeba miiRo, iyo artikis meri hmajak abrahamiani.
amgvarad, artikis Cvidmetma mcxovrebma, pirvelma mi-
iRo axali invalidis savarZlebi.
invalidebis muSaobis xelSewyobisa da maTi finan-
suri mxardaWeris mizniT, levon nersesianma wamoayena
winadadeba Seqmniliyo invalidi bavSvebis mSobelTa
adgilobrivi organizacia. roca mSoblebi Seikribnen
Tavisi organizaciis prezidentis asarCevad, h. abra-
Jurnalisti aSkarad akri-
hamianma maSinve waradgina am TanamdebobisTvis yvelaze tikebs mers, magram mainc sa-
Sesaferisi kandidati, narine zaqariani. mniSvneloba Wiroa faqtebis moyvana. sa-
ara aqvs, rogor scada am 20 wlis gamoucdelma gogonam erTod ratom ereva meri pre-
maTTvis imis axsna, rom ar SeuZlia kompiuteris gamo- zidentis arCevaSi? iq dam-
yeneba, rom man skolaSi germanuli iswavla da ara ing- swreebma, Jurnalistis CaT-
vliT, hkiTxes mas, ratom un-
lisuri. meri ganagrZobda Tavisi saukeTeso megobris,
da daikavos es Tanamdeboba
qalaqis sabWos wevris miamiti qaliSvilis darwmunebas,
misi megobris qaliSvilma?
rom ès araferia, Sen SegiZlia amis gakeTeba, Sen cota-
Tu es ase moxda, aucileb-
Ti xom ici kopiuterTan muSaoba da or TveSi mTlianad lad unda aisaxos statiaSi,
iswavli.~ t Tu _ ara, maS ratom?

76
ramdenad swori iyo maTi say-
vedurebi? ramdeni adamiani
roca saqme invalidis etlebis ganawilebaze mid-
iyo Sekrebili? ramdeni sayve- ga, invalidi bavSvebis mSoblebma, romlebic artikis
durobda? vinmes moewona sa- meriis win iyvnen Sekrebilni, daiwyes sayvedurebis
varZlebi? Tu sayvedurebi gamoTqma etlebis zomisa da mouxerxeblobis gamo
simarTlesTan axlo idga, ma- u da sanacvlod 150 aSS dolari moiTxoves. Tumca, as-
Sin es adamianebi fulze da- tgikis prezidentma mokrZalebiT gaacno damswre-
xarbebul umadurebad ar ga-
ebs organizaciis saqmianoba, auxsna, rom maT ar Se-
moCndebian. yvelaferi isea
uZliaT naRdi fulis gacema, radgan maT miiRes inva-
mowodebuli, iqmneba STabeW-
dileba, rom isini saerTod
lidis savarZlebi da aqve aawyves. roca savarZlis
arafris Rirsebi ar arian. mimRebTa siaSi araik pampalianis saxeli amoikiTxes,
invalidi bavSvis dedam marto uari ki ar Tqva savar-
Zlis miRebaze, aramed xmamaRla ganacxada, rom, maSin,
roca aseTi organizaciebi marTlac yvelanairad
cdiloben maT daxmarebas, meri aranairad ar uWers
mxars invalidebs, is Seuracxyofas ayenebs da ukan
abrunebs maT. is meubneba, ar minda rame saerTo
mqondes Sens invalidTan, es ar mainteresebso.~
sakiTxis ganxilvas waadgebo-
mere daiwyo kamaTi mersa da qvrivs Soris. erTi
da, Tuki Jurnalisti bral-
debis sisworis dadgenas SeZ- yviroda: `me aq aravin damxmarebia. Cemi invalidi
lebda. sxvafriv es ubralod bavSvi SimSilobs. marto TveSi 3600 drami pensiiT
or adamians Soris sityvieri vcxovrobT~, meore pasuxobda: `Tqven ityuebiT,
SekamaTebaa da mkiTxvelma ar grcxvenodeT, ramdenjer dagexmareT. yvelafers
icis, romels daujeros. u sityvierad vakeTebdi, me ar vinaxav gancxadebebs.~
samwuxarod, Cven ver SevZeliT invalidi bavSvi
dagverwmunebina, rom Tavisi Zveli savarZeli axalSi
ise Cans, TiTqos Jurnalisti u gaecvala. `me madlobeli var qvelmoqmedebisa, mag-
aqtiurad cdilobda bavSvis ram es saCuqari ar minda. me invalidis savarZlis ma-
darwmunebas, aeRo savarZe-
givrad fuli minda, rom sakvebi da saxli viyido.~
li. ase iyo sinamdvileSi? Tu
roca merma dainaxa, rom xalxi dainteresda,
ise iyo, maSin niSnavs Tu ara
qvrivs SesTavaza saxlis qiris, 5 000 dramis gadaxda,
es, rom, Jurnalistis azriT,
savarZlebis sanacvlod fu- magram Semdeg, misi agresiuli damokidebulebiT
lis moTxovna gamarTlebuli gacofebulma, uari Tqva danapirebis Sesrulebaze.
ar iyo? darwmunebuli iyo sabolood, `brwyinvale~ azri mouvida h. abrahamians
Jurnalisti, rom axali sa- da man aseTi winadadeba wamoayena: `kargi, modi, Cag-
varZlebi vargoda? unda mi- rTavT programaSi `sargebloba samuSaos sanacv-
eRo Tu ara monawileoba Jur-
lod~, ise movagvareb saqmes, rom Tqven samsaxurSi
nalists im situaciaSi, ro-
siaruli ar mogixdeT da dReSi 1 000 drams miiRebT.~
melsac amavdroulad aSuqeb-
invalidi bavSvi SiSobs, rom sinamdvileSi saswauli
da?
ar moxdeba da meri Tavis danapirebs ar Seasrulebs.

77
miuxedavad yvelafrisa, artikSi kavSirma àstgikma~
Tavisi misia Seasrula. t es bolo winadadeba bundo-
vania. rogor Seasrula kav-
gazeTi àravoti~,
Sirma Tavisi misia? moaxerxa
erevani, somxeTi, 2004 wlis 17 ivnisi
danarCeni 239 savarZlis da-
rigeba? Tu moaxerxa, maSin
rogori iyo sxva monawileTa
damokidebuleba? mersa da
erT ojaxs Soris gamarTul
kamaTze mTeli yuradRebis
gamaxvilebiT Jurnalistma
mkiTxvels saSualeba ar mis-
ca meti gaego zogadad Ronis-
Ziebisa da sxvebis reaqciis
Sesaxeb.

78
es statia exeba werilis saTaurad saSinlad uxeSi sityvis xmarebas. statiaSi aRwerilia
fsiqiatriul dawesebulebaSi momxdari xanZari. saTauri _ `Semwvari giJebi~ _ ara marto
ganamtkicebs imaT Sesaxeb stereotipebs _ vinc gonebrivi daavadebebiT itanjeba, aramed
Sinaarsobrivadac ar aris swori _ iq aravin daSavebula.
6. b) Semwvari giJebi
redaqtori bodiSs ixdis saTauris gamo
s amSabaTs, qalaqis tabloidis redaqtorma werilo-

biT moixada bodiSi gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli im sta-
tiis saTauris gamo, romelic exeboda fsiqiatriul
dawesebulebaSi axlaxans momxdar xanZars.
trentonelis statia 9 ivliss momxdari xanZris Se-
saxeb, romelmac trentos fsiqiatriuli saavadmyo-
fos administraciuli Senoba daaziana, gamoqveynda
aseTi saTauriT: `Semwvari giJebi~. SenobaSi avadmyo-
febi ar iyvnen da aravin daSavebula. redaqtoris
svetSi gamomcemelma devid b. bonfildma amas uwoda
ùxeSi, azrs moklebuli saTauri, romelmac borotad
moixsenia mentaluri daavadeba. es ar iyo swori~.
bonfildma aRniSna, rom mkiTxvelebma 47,526 tira-
Jiani gazeTi satelefono zarebiTa da redaqtori-
incidentis gamo bodiSis
sadmi gagzavnili sayvedurebiT savse werilebiT aav-
moxdis dros redaqtorma
ses.
aRniSna, ra Seuracxmyofe-
`gazeTi yovelTvis amayobda, rom sustebs Zliere- lia es sityvebi da bodiSi
bisagan icavda _ es iyo stili, romelmac mas pulice- mouxada rogorc mkiTxve-
ris premia moutana niu jersiSi politikuri koruf- lebs, aseve im organizaci-
ciis Sesaxeb gamarTuli muSti-krivis gaSuqebisaTvis. ebsac, romlebic gonebri-
Cven ar unda gagvkvirveboda, rom Cveni mkiTxveli vad daavadebulebs warmo-
aRdga sustebis dasacavad _ Cvens winaaRmdeg _ da Cven adgenen. es adasturebs, rom
media organizaciebi reagi-
es miviReT. da Cven es TandaTan gviaxlovdeboda _ da-
reben sazogadoebis mxri-
wera bonfildma.
dan zewolaze da isini mud-
man ganacxada, rom gazeTi `Seecdeba Seicvalos ara mivad pasuxs unda agebdnen
marto imiT, rom gaxdes ufro mgrZnobiare gonebrivad mkiTxvelis winaSe gansjaSi
unarSezRuduli adamianebis rTuli mdgomareobis t daSveul SecdomebisaTvis.

79
mimarT, aramed maTi interesebi ufro aqtiurad
warmoaCinos da daicvas.~ t aseT incidentze yuradRebis ga-
saTauris avtorma, toni persiCilma ukve moixa- maxvileba, SesaZloa, sabolood
da bodiSi gazeTSi, saTauris gamoqveynebis meore sasargeblo gamodges yvela mxa-
dRes. Jurnalistma da nomris redaqtorma dawe- risTvis. amas SeuZlia aiZulos
media organizacia, rom ufro pa-
res, rom saTauri araswori da gulqva iyo. Jurna-
suxismgebeli gaxdes mravalfe-
listma Tavis Tavze aiRo mTeli pasuxismgebloba.
rovnebis sakiTxebis gaSuqebis
magram gonebrivad daavadebulTa erovnulma dros, rac, Tavis mxriv, sazoga-
aliansma gasul kviras ganacxada, rom persiCilis doebas exmareba mniSvnelovan sa-
bodiSi adekvaturi ar iyo. es dabeWda `filadel- kiTxebze miukerZoebeli infor-
fia inkuaiererSi~. jgufma aRniSna, rom saTauri maciis miRebaSi.
ìyo bolo drois manZilze instituciuri winas-
warganwyobisa da diskriminaciis erT-erTi yvela-
ze cudi magaliTi~ da moiTxova `damajerebeli
gamosasworebeli RonisZiebebis gatareba.~ t arasamTavrobo organizaciebs Se-
uZliaT da evalebaT kidec, rom
Zalze didi roli iTamaSon sa-
èsoSieited presi~,
TuTi Temis arakoreqtulad ga-
trentoni, niu jersi, aSS, 2002 wlis 23 ivlisi Suqebis dafiqsirebaSi, axali am-
bebis sworad gaSuqebisaTvis ze-
wolis ganxorcielebasa da sazo-
gadoebis waxalisebaSi, rom maT
yuradReba miaqcion aseT sakiT-
xebs. reportiorebma da redaq-
torebma unda gaacnobieron, rom
aseTi organizaciebi did damx-
mare Zalas warmoadgenen da Se-
uZliaT rCevebis miwodeba yvela
saxis umciresobaTa jgufebis
problemebis gaSuqebisaTvis.

80
es statia cdilobs Cveulebriv klasebSi invalidi bavSvebis integraciis inovaciuri
midgoma warmoaCinos rogorc pirobiTad dadebiTi da obieqturi. aq warmoCenilia
problemis rogorc dadebiTi, aseve uaryofiTi aspeqtebi. statia gacilebiT mimzidveli
iqneboda, Tu Sig imaTi interviuebi da komentarebic Sevidoda, viszedac es yvelaze
metad axdens gavlenas, rogorc emociurad, aseve fizikurad, kerZod, invalidi bavSvebis
mSoblebisa, aseve TviTon bavSvebisac. bevrma reportiorma SeiZleba verc ki warmoid-
ginos, rom SesaZlebelia saubari hqondes Zalian unarSezRudul adamianebTanac ki, rom-
lebmac SeiZleba Zalian kargad moawodon gansakuTrebuli da moulodneli Sexedu-
lebebi. garda amisa, kargi iqneboda statiaSi aseve asaxuliyo arainvalidi bavSvebis
mSoblebisa da TviTon bavSvebis mosazrebebic, rom SesaZlebeli yofiliyo maTi reaqciis
Sefaseba.
garda amisa, Jurnalisti mkveTrad ar ganasxvavebs invalidi bavSvebis sxvadasxva kate-

gorias. gonebrivi aSlilobis mqone adamiani igive ar aris, rac gonebrivad unarSezRu-
duli. wvrilmani fizikuri unaris SezRudvis mqone bavSvs an moZraobis unaris Sefer-
xebis mqones sul sxvadasxva saxis problemebi aqvT. Tu qarTul sazogadoebas yvela
aseTi bavSvis mimarT erTnairi midgoma aqvs, Jurnalistma statiaSi es unda aRniSnos.
6. d) saqme sifrTxiles moiTxovs

b olo xanSi xSirad saubroben integrirebul swav-
lebaze, rac xeibari Tu fsiqikurad daavadebuli
bavSvebis janmrTel mozardebTan erTad swavlebas
iTvaliswinebs. rogorc amboben, ucxoeTSi aseTi
meTodi karga xania, aprobirebulia. aRsaniSnavia,
ra aris am informaciis wyaro?
rom gonebrivad gansxvavebuli bavSvebis megobroba SeiZleba bevr adgilas asec xde-
sazRvargareTis mTel rig skolebSi saklaso oTa- ba, magram saeWvoa, rom es daner-
xebidan ki ar iwyeba, aramed bunebis wiaRSi _ skolis gili norma iyos dasavleTis in-
sacdel nakveTebze, fermebSi. CvenTan ki ratomRac t tegrirebul skolebSi.
ufro martivad vapirebT problemis gadawyvetas.
sainteresoa, saqarTveloSi ramdenad gaamarT-
lebs es siaxle. SeeTvisebian Tu ara erTmaneTs gan-
sxvavebuli gonebrivi SesaZleblobebis moswavle-
ebi.
miqael mTavarangelozis saxelobis samkurna- zustad raSi mdgomareobs maTi
uunaroba? gonebrivi CamorCeni-
lo-pedagogiuri skolis aRsazrdelebi Cveuleb-
lobaa Tu aTvisebis SezRuduli
riv bavSvebs ar hgvanan, radganac logikuri azrov-
unaris garkveuli forma? roca
nebis, sakuTari TvaliT sagnebis aRqmis unari ar
saubari aseT invalidebzea, jobs
gaaCniaT. am skolis pedagogma lali cercvaZem t maqsimalurad dakonkretdes.

81
gviTxra, rom ucxoeTSi janmrTel TanatolebTan
mxolod msubuqi xarisxiT gonebrivad CamorCe-
nili Tanatolebis swavleba miaCniaT SesaZleb-
t es komentari zustad ar asaxavs
lad.
ucxoeTSi arsebul `realobas~.
saqarTveloSi am mxriv jer sazogadoeba da Jurnalistma unda sTxovos mas-
maswavleblebi unda moemzadon, Torem cerebra- wavlebels, ufro konkretulad
luri dambliT, xel-fexis pareziT etlebSi ganmartos, ras gulisxmobs da
msxdomi bavSvebis tradiciul skolebSi Seyvanam WeSmaritebad ar unda miiRos is,
SeiZleba isini daTrgunos. aseT rames araTu da- rasac maswavlebeli ambobs.
cinva, Semwynarebeli mzerac ki iwvevs. bavSvebs 3-
dan 7 wlamde mibaZvis simptomi uyalibdebaT. ami-
tom xeibari Tu gonebaSezRuduli Tanatolebi am aqvs Tu ara Jurnalists statis-
asakidanve unda SevaCvioT janmrTel bavSvebTan tikuri monacemebi an raime in-
urTierTobas. isic unda iTqvas, xSirad mSoble- formacia imis Sesaxeb, Tu ramde-
bic scodaven, roca avadmyof Svils saxlSi gamo- nad xSirad ar aZleven mSoblebi
ketaven xolme. aseT daucvelebs ufro sWirdebaT t TavianT invalid Svilebs sxveb-
urTierToba sazogadoebasTan. pedagog maia xun- Tan urTierTobis uflebas an
saxlSi ketaven maT? es saqarTve-
daZes ukve Tavad ucdia amgvari integracia. Svi-
loSi farTod gavrcelebuli
lisTvis Tavisi unarSezRuduli mowafeebi gauc-
problemaa?
nia. marTalia, Tavidan bavSvs SeSinebia axalgac-
nobilTa gansxvavebuli qcevis maneris, emociuro-
bisa, magram axla SesaniSnavad ugeben erTmaneTs. t JurnalistisTvis saintereso iq-
mixeil asaTianis saxelobis fsiqiatriuli insti- neboda maswavleblis SvilTan ga-
saubreba.
tutis direqtorma daviT zurabaSvilma gviTxra:
gonebrivi CamorCeniloba doniT Tu siRrmiT in-
dividualuria. janmrTel bavSvebTan maTi integ-
rireba ki ganaTlebis programis dauxvewavad da
fsiqologTan SeuTanxmeblad gaumarTlebelia.
baton daviTs SesaZleblad miaCnia ara gonebrivad
CamorCenilTa, aramed fizikuri defeqtis mqone
mozardTa integrirebul swavlaSi Cabma, vinaidan
gonebrivad CamorCenils axali masalis dasaZle-
vad gacilebiT meti dro sWirdeba. aseTi viTareba
ki sxva moswavleebis swavlaSi Seferxebas gamoiw-
vevs. amasTan erTad, skolebSi kontingentis gar-
kveuli proporciac unda daicvan. magaliTad, 10
janmrTel bavSvze _ erTi fizikurad an fsiqiku-
rad unarSezRuduli.

82
pedagogikis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis
direqtori levan Ciqvanaia moswavleTa integri-
rebul swavlebaSi uaryofiT mxaresTan erTad
dadebiTsac xedavs. umniSvnelo gadaxris mqone
bavSvebis [enabluoba, koWloba] janmrTel Tana-
saqarTveloSi arsebuli sistema u tolebTan swavla dasaSvebad miaCnia, magram, amas-
Cveulebriv acalkevebs klasSi Tanave, sifrTxilis gamoCenas urCevs pedagogebs,
sxva bavSvebisagan im bavSvebs, avadmyofebma kompleqsebis gamo klasSi disonansi
romlebsac enabluoba axasi-
rom ar Seitanon. dabolos, integrirebuli swav-
aTebT an koWloben?
lebis meTodi mozardebSi albaT lmobierebis
ganviTarebas Seuwyobs xels, magram sxva sakiTx-
zec Rirs dafiqreba. Cveni janmrTeli bavSvebi
isedac ar iklaven swavliT Tavs da unarSezRu-
dul mowafeTa gverdiT miiReben ki srulyofil
es bolo komentari warmoad- u ganaTlebas?
gens Jurnalistis gafrTxile-
bas, rom, SesaZloa, swavlebis gazeTi èpoqa~,
aseTi meTodi gaumarTlebeli Tbilisi, saqarTvelo
iyos. magram, Tu e.w. `janmrTe-
2003 wlis 28 oqtomberi _ 3 noemberi
li~ bavSvebi kargad ar swav-
loben, samarTliani iqneba in-
validebis dadanaSauleba am pro-
blemaSi, rogorc am daskvnidan
Cans?

83
es statia sworad aRwers azerbaijanSi Sidsis virusis/Sidsis gavrcelebis Tvalsazri-
siT arsebul situacias da mdgomareobas aRwers uaryofiTi stereotipebis CarTvis
gareSe. miuxedavad imisa, rom statia warmogvidgens uaxles statistikur monacemebs,
masSi ar aris raime interviu Sidsis virusis matarebel adamianebTan, rac met humanu-
robas SesZenda statias.
6. e) azerbaijanSi SidsiT daavadebulTa

ricxvi izrdeba
problema saxifaTo masStabebs iZens
m soflio SidsiT daavadebis afeTqebis zRvarze

dgas _ yovel SemTxvevaSi, eqspertebi aseT prog-
nozebs akeTeben. maTi azriT, axlo momavalSi Sid-
sis virusiT inficirebulTa raodenoba SesaZloa
40 milionidan 100 milionamde gaizardos. es Zal-
ze SemaSfoTebeli monacemebia. samwuxarod, arc
Cveni qveyanaa gamonaklisi, gansakuTrebiT maSin,
roca eqspertebma ukve aRniSnes CvenSi am daava-
debis gavrcelebis tendencia.
Sidsis sawinaaRmdego erovnuli centris mo-
nacemebiT, 2003 wlis 1 oqtombrisTvis qveyanaSi
marTlac gaizarda inficirebu-
registrirebuli iyo 573 Sidsis virusiT infici-
lTa raodenoba, Tu im adamiane-
rebuli. SedarebisTvis mogvyavs ivlisis monace- bis raodenobaa gazrdili, vinc
mebi _ am droisaTvis 556 avadmyofi iyo dafiqsi- Semowmeba Caitara da virusi ga-
rebuli. am ùmniSvnelo~ zrdasac ki SeiZleba sa- mouvlinda? pasuxs didi mniSv-
valalo Sedegebi mohyves da mZime tvirTad daaw- neloba aqvs monacemebis swori
ves azerbaijans. t interpretirebisaTvis.
Sidsis virusiT inficirebulTa saerTo rao-
denobidan 551 azerbaijanis moqalaqea, 22 ucxo-
eli. 273 cxovrobs baqoSi, danarCenebi ki raioneb-
Si cxovroben. inficirebulTa umravlesoba mama-
kacia [77 procenti], danarCenebi ki qalebi da bav-
Svebi arian. daavadebulTa saSualo asaki 20-dan es ar aris `saSualo~ asaki. saSu-
39 wlamdea. t alo erTi ricxvi unda iyos.
tragikuli statistikuri monacemebiT, 45 ada-

miani ukve gardaicvala am momakvdinebeli avad-

84
myofobiT da 44 sikvdilis pirasaa. dRevan-
deli monacemebiT, qveyanaSi registracia ga-
iara Svidma ojaxma, romelSic inficirebulni
arian rogorc mSoblebi, aseve bavSvebi. 24
ojaxSi inficirebulia mxolod coli da
qmari, 88 ojaxSi inficirebuli iyo mxolod
qmari, xolo rvaSi _ mxolod coli.
sagangaSoa, rom Semowmebuli avadmyofebi-
ratom aris es faqti ufro saganga- dan 265, anu saerTo raodenobis 48 procenti
So, vidre azerbaijanSi inficireba? emigraciidan dabrunebuli muSaxelia, ro-
mdgomareoba orive SemTxvevaSi sa- melTa inficirebac sazRvargareT, kerZod,
gangaSo iqneba. u ruseTSi moxda.
Sidsis sawinaaRmdego erovnuli centris
direqtori da Sidsis prevenciis saxelmwifo
komisiis erovnuli koordinatori da mdivani
ra SeiZleba mohyves amas Sedegad? es habil alievi acxadebs, rom sasurveli iqne-
niSnavs, rom adamians daqorwinebis boda, rom yvelas, vinc ucxoeTidan Camovida
ufleba ar eqneba, Tu ubralod imi- da daqorwinebas apirebs, jer samedicino Se-
tom iqneba kargi, rom maT iswavlon, mowmeba gaevlo.
u
rogor aicilon Tavidan virusis sxve-
amavdroulad, qveyanaSi mimdinareobs in-
bisaTvis gadadeba? ratom unda Ca-
tensiuri muSaoba Sidsis prevenciisa da mis
utardeT samedicino Semowmeba mxo-
lod daqorwinebis msurvelebs? xom winaaRmdeg brZolisaTvis. magaliTad, jan-
ar hgoniaT, rom xalxs, romelic uc- dacvis ministris, ali insanovis 2002 wlis 2
xoeTidan brundeba, magram daqorwi- dekembris #155 dadgenilebiT `qveynis yvela
nebas ar apirebs, ar eqneba seqsualu- qalaqsa da raionSi Sidsis virusis diagnos-
ri kavSirebi? Tu asea, maSin Zalian tikisaTvis ocdaoTxsaaTiani anonimuri sam-
mcdari varaudi hqoniaT. saxurebis Seqmnis Sesaxeb~, Seiqmna aseTi sam-
saxurebi da isini funqcionirebs. yvelasa
aqvs SesaZlebloba samedicino Semowmeba im
adgilas gaiaros, sadac cxovrobs. `Cven mo-
sinamdvileSi ramdenad anonimuria vuwodebT qveynis yvela moqalaqes, romelic
es samsaxurebi? Jurnalisti mTav- narkotikul nivTierebebs iyenebs an seqsu-
robas sityvaze ujerebs, rom anoni- alur umciresobas miekuTvneba da ar endoba
muroba daculi iqneba? rCeva mxo-
lod zemoT naxsenebi jgufebis war-
Tavis partniors, romelsac hqonda veneri-
momadgenlebs eZlevaT, Tu yvelas? uli daavadeba bolo 5-10 wlis ganmavlobaSi,
Seamowma Jurnalistma aseTi samsaxu- gaiaros Semowmeba Tavisive sakuTari inte-
rebis arseboba adgilze? Semowmebis resebisTvis~ _ ganacxada alievma.
u
garda, sxva ra saxis momsaxurebaa
amavdroulad, bevri subieqturi mizeze-
gaTvaliswinebuli? ra aris adamianis
motivacia imisaTvis, rom Semowmeba bis gamo ar daTanxmda `Semowmebis~ gavlas. es
gaiaros, Tu mkurnalobis SesaZleb- ukavSirdeba tradiciebsa da sazogadoebis
lobebi naklebad an sul ara aqvs?

85
SiSs, romelsac, maTi
rwmeniT, adamianis `sikv- t am garemoebebis `subieqtur~ mizezad
dilis piramde miyvana Se- moxsenieba niSnavs, rom xalxi iraci-
uZlia.~ es aSkarad erTa- onaluri motivebiT reagirebs. marT-
derTi da umTavresi mize- lac esec SeSfoTebis namdvili mize-
erTaderTi mize- u zia. imisa, rom dawvrile- zia da isic, Tu ra daxmarebas miiRebs
zia Tu umTavre- biTi informacia SemTxve- adamiani, roca aRmoaCens, rom marT-
si? es ori sxva- vebis ricxvze arasakmaoa lac inficirebulia. am statiaSi ar-
dasxva ramea. sad ar aris naCvenebi, ras akeTebs mTav-
da Sidsis virusis winaaR-
roba imisaTvis, rom xalxs Semowmebis
mdeg Catarebuli preven-
gavlis motivacia Seuqmnas.
ciuli zomebi araefeqtu-
ria.
alievma aRniSna, rom
pirvel winadade- u gaerom 2001 wels Caatara
baSi srulad unda Sidsisadmi miZRvnili spe-
iyos dawerili or-
cialuri sxdoma. Sesru-
ganizaciis saxel-
lebuli samuSaos Sedegad
wodeba. abrevi-
aturis gamoyene- miRebuli iqna programa
ba SeiZleba teqs- am daavadebis gavrcele-
tis momdevno wi- bis SesaCerebelad. azer-
nadadebaSi. baijani SeuerTda am pro-
gramas. t ra programaa es? ra elementebi Sedis
`centri sainteresoa masSi? ra saxiT iRebs monawileobas azer-
baijani? ra Tanxa ixarjeba progra-
qveynis axali preziden-
maze? mTavroba SeiZleba SeuerTdes
tis, ilham alievisTvis.
programas, magram araferi gaakeTos
mTavrobam unda miaqcios mis gansaxorcieleblad. mniSvneloba
yuradReba arsebul pro- aqvs moqmedebasa da programis gan-
blemas, romelsac saxi- xorcielebas da ara imas, Tu ras mi-
faTo masStabebiT gavr- iwers sakuTar Tavze xelisufleba.
celebis saSiSroeba emuq-
reba,~ _ ganacxada aliev-
zustad ra undaT, u ma.
rom alievma ga-
akeTos? sasargeb- gazeTi `zerkalo~,
lo iqneboda uf- baqo, azerbaijani,
ro konkretuli 2003 wlis 31 oqtomberi
laparaki, Tu ra
RonisZiebebia gaT-
valiswinebuli am
problemis gada-
saWrelad.

86
es statia keTilganwyobilia invalidebis mimarT da garkveulwilad, aZlierebs Tvalsaz-
riss maTi SeumCnevlobis Sesaxeb da akritikebs am faqts. es saerTo problemaa im sta-
tiebisTvis, romlebic socialur umciresobaTa sakiTxebs exeba, gansakuTrebiT imaTi,
vinc Cveni TvalTaxedvis aris miRma iyo. adamianebi, maT Soris Jurnalistebic, ise arian
SeCveulni maTTvis yuradRebis armiqcevas, rom xandaxan isini arcki ekiTxebian maT rames,
maSinac ki, roca maT Sesaxeb weren. statiaSi invalidebi ufro obieqtebi arian am ambisa,
vidre subieqtebi. albaT, sadixovi, adamiani romelic laparakobs, invalidia, magram
Jurnalisti amas arsad gveubneba. Tu is marTlac invalidia, saintereso iqneboda pira-
dad misgan mogvesmina, rogor SeZlo Tavis gasaWirTan gamklaveba da rogor gaxda aqti-
visti.
6. v) invalidis etli TeatrSi

es sisulele ki ara, civilizebis niSania
`ganviTarebuli socializmis~ epoqaSi xalxi ar amCnevda

adamians, romelic invalidis etlSi ijda, an yavarjnebiTa da
proTeziT dadioda. ara imitom, rom am scenas maTi gunebis
gafuWeba SeeZlo, aramed imitom, rom adamiani invalidis
etlSi Cveulebrivi movlena iyo. invalidebic Zlivs uwyobd-
nen nabijs sabWoTa xalxs, romelic sirbiliT miiwevda gabr-
wyinebuli komunisturi momavlisaken. meore mxriv, Cven TiT-
qmis verc vamCnevdiT invalidebs quCebsa da sazogadoebriv
adgilebSi da amitom miamiturad gvjeroda, rom isini bevrni
ar iyvnen.
aseTi statistikuri
Tumca, iSviaTi filmebi da dokumenturi masalebi, rom-
monacemebis moyva-
lebic Cvenamde aRwevda `rkinis fardis~ meore mxridan, gviC-
nis dros wyaro un-
venebdnen, rom maT `bevri invalidebi hyavdaT. isini iyvnen qu- da iyos miTiTebu-
CebSi, sazogadoebriv transportSi, maRaziebSi _ mokled, li. saidan aris mi-
yvelgan. Cven ki, Cvens pirobebSi cxovrebisas, unda dagveje- Rebuli es monace-
rebina, rom Cven ufro kargad vcxovrobdiT, vidre ìsini~. mebi: mTavrobisgan?
magram, perestroikam da Semdgomma movlenebma yvelaferi TviTon invalide-
Tavdayira daayena. invalidebi amovidnen `miwisqveSidan~. bisgan? zustad vin
Sedis maTSi? maT fi-
rogorc aRmoCnda, es problema Cven gvqonia, da ara imaT, Cven,
zikuric da goneb-
da ara maT, ar gvindoda civilurad fiqri da gamoqvabulis
rivi naklovanebebic
adamianebiviT fiqrs varCevdiT. aman sabolood SegvaZlebina aqvT, Tu mxolod fi-
dagvenaxa da davxmarebodiT im adamianebs, visac es sWirdeba. zikurad arian unar-
dRes azerbaijanSi daaxloebiT 25 000 invalidia. t SezRudulebi?
organizaciis saqalaqo gamgeobis Tavmjdomaris, askar

87
ra aris organizaciis sruli sa-
sadixovis TqmiT, organizacia 1989 wels Seiqmna xelwodeba? Tu es ìnvalidTa sa-
da sabWoTa kavSirSi meoTxe iyo belorusiis, zogadoebaa~, romelic qvemoT aris
ukrainisa da yazaxeTis Semdeg. respublikaSi t moxseniebuli? pirvel winadade-
manamde arsebobda mxolod ori organizacia _ baSi sruli saxelwodeba unda iyos.
usinaTloTa da yru-munjebisa.
im xanebSi invalidebs daxmarebis sruli pa-
ra saxis daxmareba igulisxmeba?
keti eZleodaT, romelic 1996 wels gauqmda. ma- t
rogor da ratom gauqmda es daxma-
Sin maT pirvelad SeigrZnes realuri cxovrebis
rebebi?
tragedia, Tumca am realuri cxovrebisTvis
isini aranakleb (xandaxan ufro metadac) ibr-
Zodnen, vidre janmrTeli adamianebi.
qveyanaSi invalidebis 17 organizacia arse-
bobs. maTi umTavresi mizania invalidebis prob-
lemebis gadawyveta.
azri, rom invalidebi mZime tvirTad awvebian
sazogadoebas, Zalian sakamaToa. bevrma, vinc
bedma gawira, Tavisi adgili ipova cxovrebaSi.
es imas niSnavs, rom aucilebelia maTi ganaT-
lebisTvis meti yuradRebis miqceva. Tu inva-
lidebs bavSvobidanve davexmarebiT, maT saSu-
aleba miecemaT, adaptireba ganicadon sazoga-
doebasTan da misi iseTive srulfasovani wev-
rebi gaxdnen, rogorc sxvebi arian.
invalidebs, maTi fizikuri naklovanebebis
miuxedavad, undaT, rom kargi ganaTleba mi-
iRon. maT es ufleba garantirebuli aqvT kons-
tituciiT. Tumca, realur cxovrebaSi isini
uamrav problemasa da bariers awydebian. t zustad ris garantias aZlevs maT
sadixovma Tqva: iyo SemTxveva, rodesac konstitucia? ra saxiT ar xdeba am
axalgazrda kaci zedized ramdenime wels Ca- garantiebis Sesruleba?
modioda qalaqSi qazaqis olqidan baqos saxel-

mwifo universitetSi Casabareblad. yvela sa-
ganSi kargi niSnebi hqonda, magram biWma weraSi
aradamakmayofilebeli miiRo. mas Semdeg, rac
man saCivari Seitana invalidebis sazogado-
ebaSi, aRmoCnda, rom xelis Tandayolili de-
feqti hqonia _ kalams kargad ver iWerda.
organizaciam misi daxmareba gadawyvita: gag-
zavna werili ganaTlebis saministroSi, romel-

88
mac miiRo gadawyvetileba, rom misTvis testis
gameorebis ufleba miecaT. taxir damirCievma
universitetSi Caabara. axla is maswavleblad
muSaobs suraxanis olqSi da invalidTa sazo-
gadoebis saolqo filialis Tavmjdomarea.
es mniSvnelovani ambavia. ukeTesi iq-
magram mas mainc hqonda problemebi: is invali-
neboda, Jurnalisti uSualod ta-
xirs dalaparakeboda, imis nacvlad, dobis gamo garicxes da taxirs mouxda sasamar-
rom sxva piris monaTxrobs dayrd- TlosTvis miemarTa, rom universitetSi aRed-
noboda. u ginaT.
sadixovma aRniSna, rom xSirad yofila Sem-
Txveva, roca invalidebisaTvis uari uTqvamT
samsaxurze da maT sasamarTlosTvis miumar-
TavT TavianTi kanonieri uflebebis aRsadge-
magaliTad? am SemTxvevaSic ukeTe- u nad.
si iqneboda am adamianebTan uSu- mili mejlisis (azerbaijanis parlamenti)
alod gasaubreba, vidre maT Sesaxeb
1992 wlis 25 agvistos dadgenilebiT, invali-
ambebis sxvebisagan, Tundac maTi
debi iseTive socialuri, ekonomikuri, samoqa-
warmomadgenlisgan, mosmena.
laqo da SromiTi uflebebiT sargebloben, ro-
gorc qveynis janmrTeli moqalaqeebi.
TiToeul maTgans, sadixovis gancxadebiT,
damatebiT uamravi socialuri problema awu-
xebs, iseTi, romelTa gadawyvetac janmrTeleb-
sac gauWirdebodaT. sxvadasxva donis Tanamde-
bobis pirebi Sesabamis yuradRebas ver uTmoben
invalidis etlSi mjdom adamianebs, imis gamo,
rom isini isedac yoveldRiuri problemebiT,
prioritetuli sakiTxebiTa da dausrulebeli
samuSaoTi arian dakavebulni. aSkaraa, rom isi-
ni samuSaoSi yelamde arian Caflulni. magram
Tu invalidi susti xmiT ityvis, rom mas esaWi-
roeba saxli, invalidis etli, rom araferi
vTqvaT, specialuri transportis Sesaxeb, Cven
unda davexmaroT maT. isini amboben, Tqven sxva
problemebi gaqvT mosagvarebelio, da es mizezi
Cveni urTierTobebis mudmiv wesad iqca.
azerbaijanis invalidTa sazogadoebis ar-
sebobis manZilze, sadixovis TqmiT, maT mxolod
erTxel hkiTxes rCeva _ filarmoniis darbazis
rekonstruqciis dros. sakoncerto darbazi,

89
gasaxdeli oTaxi da sapirfareSo uzrunvelyo-
fili iqna invalidebisaTvis saWiro mowyobilo-
biT da a.S. TeatrSi invalidis etlSi mjdomi ada-
miani civilizebuli urTierTobebis niSania. t konkretulad ra aRWurviloba iyo
invalidis etlis Sovna erTaderTia, rac dRes es? farTo gasasvlelebi, xelis mo-
did problemas ar warmoadgens. sadixovis TqmiT, saWidi tualetebSi? garkveuli de-
talebi suraTs naTels mohfenda.
etlis misaRebad invalidma unda aiRos mowmoba
saxelmwifo samedicino komisiisgan da Seitanos
is olqis socialuri dazRvevis departamentSi,
romelic registraciaSi gaatarebs am pirs.
axlaxan invalidTa sazogadoebis binaqadis
filialis Tavmjdomare, askar ahmadi SeuTanxmda
erT-erT sawyobs am olqSi, rom yoveldRe or
ojaxs or-ori puri misces. ra Tqma unda, es
zRvaSi wveTia, magram es mainc raRacas niSnavs....
sadixovma gaixsena, rom hasibala abutalibov-
ma, romelic im dros suraxanis olqis mTavari
gamgebeli iyo, ramdenjerme Caatara invalidTa
sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnili kvireuli. sawarmoebis
xelmZRvanelebma, romelsac dasaqmebuli hyavdaT
invalidebi, maT premiebi misces, samsaxurSi daa- ris safuZvelze? ubralod imitom,
winaures da gaaumjobeses maTi samuSao pirobebi. t rom invalidebi iyvnen?
magram dRes aseTi aRaraferi xdeba. t rodis xdeboda es: sabWoTa period-
sadixovis TqmiT, kanonis Tanaxmad, pirveli Si? xuTi wlis win? kargi iqneboda
da meore jgufis invalidebi unda iRebdnen xel- amis dazusteba.
fasze 25 procentis danamats, mesame jgufis in-
validebi ki 15-20 procents. Tumca, iyo SemT-
xveva xatais olqSi, roca skolaSi momuSave inva-
lidebs xelfasi ar moumates. mxolod biurok-
ratiuli procedurebis gavliT SeZles maT sa-
marTlis povna.
Senoba, sadac ganTavsebulia àzerbaijanis
invalidTa asociacia~, romelic qalaqis 11 ra-
ions moicavs, savalalo mdgomareobaSia. Senoba
sabailis raionis gamgeobis balanszea. arc mra-
valricxovanma werilebma da arc saCivrebma ar
gaWra.
sadixovi ambobs, rom arc biznesmenebi da arc
samTavrobo struqturebi ar Cqaroben invalide-

90
bis daxmarebas. invalidTa saerTaSoriso dRe
aRiniSneba 3 dekembers. rogorc wesi, xalxs mxo-
lod am dRes vaxsovarT. raionebis gamgeblebi
sadilze iwveven xuT-eqvs adamians organiza-
ciis raionuli filialidan. xandaxan isini maT
20 000-30 000 manaTs aZleven. amiT Semoifarg-
leba saxelmwifo dawesebulebebis yuradReba
sazogadoebis am fenisadmi. magram Cven gvinda,
rom maT am dRemde da am dRis Semdegac vaxsov-
deT... daasrula sadixovma.
gazeTi `zerkalo~,
baqo, azerbaijani, 2003 wlis 31 oqtomberi

91
7. socialurad daucvelTa jgufebi

92
socialurad daucvelTa jgufebi
k omunistur sazogadoebaSi socialurad daucvelTa jgufebi, rogorebic

arian narkomanebi, patimrebi, usaxlkaroni da umuSevrebi, an saerTod
ar arsebobdnen, anda saxelmwifos mtrebad ganixilebodnen. amitom maTi
cxovreba, problemebi, safiqrali, sainteresod ar iTvleboda da mas-
mediis mier Seuswavleli rCeboda, radgan es maT legitimurobas miani-
Webda da vaiTu xalxis daumsaxurebeli simpaTiac ki gamoewvia.
mas Semdeg naTeli gaxda, rom am jgufebis arsebobis ugulebelyofa
sazogadoebisaTvis sazianoa. yvela im sazogadoebam, romelic kapita-
lizmisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli socialuri avadmyofobebisgan daculad
miiCnevda Tavs, aRmoaCina, rom rTuli problemebis aRmofxvra maTi ig-
norirebiT ver moxerxdeba. daucvel moqalaqeTa isedac uzarmazari
armiis zrdam sruliad sapirispiro ram dagvanaxa: raRacis ararsebobaSi
Tavis dajereba, saboloo jamSi, gacilebiT ufro arTulebs viTarebas.
ixileT ramdenime rCeva, rogor gaaumjobesoT socialurad dauc-
veli jgufebis gaSuqeba:
gaarkvieT, socialurad daucvel pirTa ra jgufebi arsebobs Tqvens

*qalaqSi an regionSi. xom ar aris umuSevrobis done maRali qalaqSi/
regionSi arsebuli qarxnebis daxurvis Sedegad? xom ar aris usaxlka-
roTa gansakuTrebiT didi raodenoba konfliqtiT an sxva mizeziT ga-
mowveuli ngrevis Sedegad? ra mdgomareobaa regionaluri omebis mona-
wileTa mxriv? _ narkomaniis mxriv? gaarkvieT, aSuqeben Tu ara media
saSualebebi am jgufebs? mimoixileT am sakiTxis Sesaxeb gamoqveynebuli
masalebi da gaarkvieT, rame xom ar aris gamorCenili?
umuSevrebisgan, narkomanebisgan, omis monawileTagan da sxvaTagan

*aucileblad aiReT interviu. socialurad daucveli fenis warmomad-
genlebi ZiriTadad Tavisi danaSaulebrivi qmedebebis gamo Tu Cndebian
masmediis saSualebebiT da xSirad maTgan saerTod ar iReben intervius.
amave dros, samarTaldamcav organoTa warmomadgenlebs da sxva
èqspertebs~, uproblemod SeuZliaT sakuTari Sexedulebebis gamoxat-
va. imis gamo, rom am stereotipebs xSirad Jurnalistebic iziareben,
isini ubralod gadascemen maT arakvalificiur mkiTxvels.

93
daukavSirdiT arasamTavrobo organizaciebs, romelTa misiac umuSevarTa, nar-
*komanTa, usaxlkaroTa da sxva socialurad daucvelTa daxmarebaSi mdgomareobs.
iTanamSromleT maTTan, raTa isini informaciis sando wyaroebi gaxdnen. mouwodeT
maT, rom statiisaTvis axali saintereso Temis gaCenis SemTxvevaSi aucileblad
dagikavSirdnen. hkiTxeT, maT saqmianobaSi arsebul problemaTagan romelia yve-
laze mniSvnelovani? sTxoveT, rom im jgufis wevrebs Segaxvedron, romelTa inte-
resebsac warmoadgenen.
rodesac umuSevrebisagan, narkomanebisgan an socialurad daucveli fenis sxva

*warmomadgenlebisgan iRebT intervius, mxolod maT sakiTxebze aqtualuri kiTxve-
biT nu SemoifarglebiT. ecadeT, srulad gaigoT maTi cxovreba, monaxoT raime,
ris mimarTac maT gansakuTrebuli grZnobebi amoZravebT. hkiTxeT, ra ainteresebT,
risi keTeba uyvarT. dausviT kiTxvebi ojaxis wevrebis, cxovelebis, anda nebismieri
ramis Sesaxeb, rac saSualebas mogcemT, rom TanaugrZnoT maT. es aseve dagexma-
rebaT, rom maTTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi mxolod naklovanebisa da uaryofiTi
kuTxiT ar ganixiloT. ecadeT, rom gadmosceT, Tu ras warmoadgenen isini, rogorc
pirovnebebi, aRweroT maTi istoria da rTuli sulieri cxovreba. nu gaaSuqebT
maT, rogorc mxolod socialurad daucveli jgufis warmomadgenlebs.
socialuri sirTuleebi konteqstSi unda ganixiloT. Tu narkomania erT-erTi

*
mTavari problema gaxda, gaarkvieT, ra faqtorebs SeeZlo amis gamowveva. iqneb es
ekonomikuri dacemis gamo moxda, anda iqneb narkotikebi ufro advilad saSovneli
gaxda? Tu umuSevrobis done matulobs, ecadeT gaigoT, ra aris amis gamomwvevi
mizezi. iqneb adgilobrivi sawarmoebi daixura? anda iqneb eqsportis moculoba
Semcirda? Tu statias werT yofili patimris Sesaxeb, romelmac kvlav Caidina
danaSauli, ecadeT gaigoT, ramdenad SesaZlebelia yofili patimrebisTvis samsa-
xuris Sovna. Tu mkiTxveli movlenebis mTel suraTs flobs, misTvis gacilebiT
ufro gasagebi gaxdeba sxva xalxis mdgomareoba.
*lesaRwereT am jgufebis erT-erTi iseTi warmomadgeneli, romelmac raime sirTu-

gaarTva Tavi da warmoudgenels miaRwia. iqneb aris vinme, vinc ver SeZlo
romelime sferoSi samsaxuris Sovna, magram moaxerxa sxva sferoze gadarTva da
iq warmatebas miaRwia. iqneb vinmem Tavi daaneba narkotikebs da organizacia Camo-
ayaliba, rom msgavs situaciSi myof pirebs daexmaros. iqneb yofili patimari ga-
mosworda da xelovnebaSi aRiarebas miaRwia?
Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom maTTan, vis Sesaxebac werT, garkveuli dro dayoT,
*magram es ar niSnavs, rom maT naTqvams ueWvelad unda endoT. maTgan uamrav mZime
ambavs gaigebT, magram sanam ar darwmundebiT, rom monaTxrobi sinamdviles Seesa-

94
bameba, masalaSi yovelTvis naTlad unda aRniSnoT Tqven mier warmodgenili in-
formaciis wyaro. magaliTad, narkomanma giTxraT, rom kviraSi mxolod erTxel
ikeTebs wamals. radgan zustad ar iciT, es marTalia Tu ara, Tqven unda daweroT,
rom amas narkomani ambobs, rom kviraSi mxolod erTxel ikeTebs wamals. Tu umu-
Sevarma qalma giTxraT, rom aTi sxvadasxva adgilidan miiRo samsaxurSi miRebaze
uari, gaSuqebisas unda aRniSnoT, rom amas qalbatoni ambobs, rom aT sxvadasxva
samuSao adgilze uTxres samsaxurSi miRebaze uari, Tumca es imas ar niSnavs, rom
es namdvilad ase iyo.

95
saswavlo masala
es statia, romelic parlamentis SenobasTan mdgar maTxovrebs exeba, Sereul suraTs
gvTavazobs. bevri amgvari statiisgan gansxvavebiT, romelic sruliad uaryofiT STa-
beWdilebas axdens mkiTxvelze, es TviT maTxovrebisgan mowodebul informacias Seicavs
da gasagebi mainc xdeba mkiTxvelisTvis. advilia im umuSevari dedis mdgomareobaSi
Sesvla, romelic maTxovrobs, rom Svilebis mosavlelad fuli iSovos. statia aseve
gviCvenebs gansxvavebas TviTon maTxovrebs Sorisac da yvelas erTnairad ar akritikebs.
7. a) maTxovrebi parlamentis SesasvlelTan

gevoriki isev saukeTesoa
aSS-sa da bevri sxva qveynisgan gansxvavebiT, som-

xeTSi aravin icis, zustad ramdeni fuli aqvs xa-
lxs, arc is aris garkveuli, visa aqvs yvelaze meti. t es ucnauri ganacxadia. aSS-Si an
Tumca, arsebobs sazogadoebaSi Rrmad gamjda- sxva qveynebSi zustad ar ician,
ramdeni fuli aqvs xalxs. ris sa-
ri rwmena, rom yvelaze uzrunvelyofilni CvenSi
fuZvelze amtkicebs Jurnalisti
maRali Tanamdebobis pirebi, cnobili mewarmeebi
amas?
da politikuri moRvaweebi arian. somxeTSi arse-
bobs adamianTa jgufi, romelic daspecebulia am
xalxisgan fulis gamorTmevaSi. maRali Tanamde-
bobis pirebi, cnobili deputatebi, mewarmeebi, po-
litikuri figurebi maTTvis xelmisawvdomi xde-
bian erovnuli parlamentis samdRiani sxdomebis
dros, SenobaSi Sesvlisas da gamosvlisas. guSin, is marTla ase cnobilia? zustad
ras gulisxmobs Jurnalisti? is
parlamentis regularuli samdRiani sxdomis mim-
ubralod sxva maTxovrebs Soris
dinareobisas, parlamentis demirWianis saxelobis
aris popularuli Tu politiko-
SesasvlelTan mxolod oTxi aseTi maTxovari idga.
sebSic? cnobili iyo Tu ara is,
cnobili `sem 1 - gevoriki~ erT mxares idga. mas rogorc politikuri aqtivisti?
saxelmwifo moxeleebisa da politikuri figure- marTlac yvelaze efeqturi maT-
bisgan fulis miRebis didi gamocdileba aqvs _ is xovaria, Tu mxolod trabaxobs?
am saqmianobas mas Semdeg misdevs, rac `sem~ xeli- garkveuli saxis konteqstis co-
suflebaSi movida. t dna aq sasargeblo iqneboda.
sxvebisgan gansxvavebiT, gevoriki eqskluzi-

urad politikur figurebsa da cnobil adamianebze
1
`sem~ politikuri partiaa, `somxeTis erovnuli moZraoba~

96
muSaobs, is fuls mxolod popularuli adamiane-
bisgan iRebs. mas ejavreba parlamentis Sesasv-
lelTan mravlad mdgari maTxovrebi da es ukanas-
knelnic siZulviliT pasuxoben.
am siZulvils Tavisi safuZveli aqvs. `Sexedvis-
Tanave vcnob fulis potenciur momcems. me mxo-
lod aseT adamianebs vuaxlovdebi da imaT ar vawu-
xeb, vinc fuls ar iZleva. es maTxovrebi ki fuls
yvelas sTxoven, visac ki halstuxi ukeTia. isini,
vinc fuls ar iZleva, SenobaSi Sedian, Civian da
policias ubrZaneben brbo daSalos: mniSvneloba
ara aqvs, romelma maTxovrebma Seawuxes.~ _ msje-
lobs gevoriki da acxadebs, rom TviTon arasdros
mosTxovda policias danarCeni maTxovrebis daS-
las.
gevoriks Tavisi Semosavlis Sesaxeb saubari ar
surs. Tumca, ambobs, rom sxvebi samdRiani sxdome-
bis periodSi dReSi 100 aSS dolars Souloben. `ma-
Sin Sen 200-s unda iRebde?~ Cems SekiTxvaze gevo-
riki sarkastulad pasuxobs, `ra, marto magisTvis
movdivar aq?~
sxva maTxovrebi amboben, rom es ricxvi mogo-
nilia. noraSenis sofel artaSatis mkvidri gul-
nara poRosiani ambobs, rom ori invalidi vaJi hyavs
da maTTvis da maTi SvilebisTvis sakvebisa da wam-
lis fuls maTxovrobiT Soulobs. àmden fuls
ase moferebiTi saxeliT moixse- rom vSoulobde, ratom meqneboda afTiaqSi vali
niebs mas Jurnalisti. u 24 000 drami,~ _ ambobs qalbatoni guli. miuxeda-
vad amisa, is kmayofilebas gamoTqvams im deputa-
tebis mimarT, romlebic mas daxmarebian. `TiTo-
euli Taviseburad mexmareba. zogi fuls jibidan
amoiRebs, Tavis 5 000 drams gadadebs da me aTass
maZlevs, zogi ki TavisTvis 1000-s inaxavs da me ass
maZlevs,~ _ ambobs is. Tumca im SemTxvevebsac ix-
senebs, roca deputatebs didi Tanxa uCuqebiaT.
`magaliTad, Cveni saarCevno olqis deputatma, man-
vel Razarianma imdeni fuli momca gasul dekem-
berSi, rom sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi virCendiT imiT
Tavs. axali wlis dRes Cems SviliSvils vuTxari,

97
Zia manvelisTvis eloca yoveli Wamis win,~_ ambobs
qalbatoni guli. t es efeqturi da amaRelvebeli aR-
meore maTxovari, nor-norkis mcxovrebi, yveba, weraa. aSkaraa, rom mkiTxvelma
sibraluli unda igrZnos qalba-
rogor misca erTxel ruben hairapetianma sam maT-
toni gulis mimarT da gaiTavisos
xovars TiTos 10 000 drami. `Tu sxvebi bevr fuls
is mizezebi, romelTa gamoc is
gvaZleven, yovelTvis gveubnebian, sxva maTxovrebs maTxovrobs. is parazitad ar aris
gauyaviTo da amiT Cxubs iwveven~ _ ambobs erT- warmodgenili. detali adgilob-
erTi maTxovari. is erTmaneTs adarebs wina mowve- rivi deputatis Sesaxeb kargad
vis da moqmed parlamentebs da ambobs, wina parla- aris CarTuli.
mentSi mdidrebi naklebad iyvnen, magram isini met
fuls iZleodneno.
saerTod, maTxovrebs eSiniaT xolme imaTi da-
saxeleba, vinc maT fulis micemaze uars eubneba.
`Tu isini fuls ar gvaZleven, gzaze mainc nu ga-
dagvidgebian. Tu sayvedurs vityviT, isini gviCiv-
leben~, _ amboben maTxovrebi. maT yvelaze metad t amas yvela erTxmad acxadebs?
policiisa eSiniaT da, _ ra ucnauric ar unda iyos yvelaze kargi iqneba TiToeuli
_ gevorikisa. xandaxan, policia cdilobs parla- citatis brWyalebSi Casma, erTis
mier gamoTqmuli azri bevris na-
mentis demirWianis saxelobis SesasvlelTan Sej-
Tqvami rom ar gvegonos.
gufebuli maTxovrebis daSlas. policiisgan gansx-
vavebiT, gevoriki amas ufro warmatebiT akeTebs.
isini amboben, rom Tu Tu gevoriki parlamentis
SesasvlelTan ar modis, maTxovrebis ricxvi im
dRes izrdeba, radgan ar aris maTxovari, gevo-
rikis wixli rom ar moxvedrodes., rodesac vekiT-
xebiT, ratom ar sjis mas policia amisaTvis, isini
pasuxad sasowarkveTiT iCeCaven mxrebs. maT ician,
rom, maTgan gansxvavebiT, gevoriki mowyalebas do-
larebiT iRebs da sponsorebi hyavs Tanamdebobis
pirebsa da policielebs Soris.
maTxovrebi TiTqmis arasdros iTxoven fuls
opoziciisgan. `viciT, rom imaT fuli ara aqvT~, _
amboben maTxovrebi. maT eSiniaT sakuTari poli-
tikur simpaTiebze saubrisa, radgan aman SeiZleba
gavlena moaxdinos mowyalebis gamcemi deputate-
bis an im deputatebis ganwyobazec, romlebic
fuls ar aZleven. sxvaTa Soris, guSin Cven ramde-
nime maTxovars vkiTxeT erevnis quCebSi, Tu miuRia
romelime maTgans odesme 10 000 _ dramiani bank-

98
noti. ìsini 10 dramsac ki ar iZlevian, 10 000-ze
rom araferi vTqvaT. yvelaze bevri, rac ki odes-
me mouciaT, 500 dramia.~ Tqva erT-erTma maTxo-
varma. meore maTxovars gaumarTla, ramdenjerme
1 000 drami iSova, magram mas 10 000 dramian bank-
notze arc ki uocnebia.
gazeTi `haikakan Jamanaki~,

erevani, somxeTi, 2004 wlis 11 maisi

99
8. moxucebulebi da pensionerebi

100
moxucebulebi da pensionerebi
p
ostkomunistur qveynebSi Zalian bevri moxucebuli aRmoCnda gausaZ-
lis dReSi.jer kidev maSin, rodesac maTi pensia sakmarisi iyo norma-
luri cxovrebisaTvis, socialurma da ekonomikurma cvlilebebma bevri
moxuci aiZula lukmapuris saSovnelad gamosuliyo. inflaciam bevrs
waarTva saqonlisa da momsaxurebis yidvis unari da aiZula, rom maT-
xovrobiT erCina Tavi.
miuxedavad imisa, rom es problemebi yvelasaTvis cxadia, Jurna-
listebi iSviaTad amaxvileben maTze yuradRebas. rodesac ki masmediaSi
moxucebuli adamiani gaSuqebula, es TiTqmis yovelTvis, ZonZebiT
mosili da welSi moxrili bebiaa, romelic wuwunebs, rom yvelaferi
ise ar aris, rogorc adre iyo. moxucebulebi iSviaTad arian warmodge-
nilni aqtiur, ganaTlebul pirovnebebad; isini iSviaTad arian mimzid-
veli, sakuTari uflebebisaTvis mebrZoli adamianebi da ara garemo-
ebebis pasiuri msxverplni.
ramdenime rCevas gTavazobT, romlebic moxucebulTa gacilebiT
mravalferovani saxeebis SeqmnaSi dagexmarebaT:
gaigeT, aris Tu ara Tqvens qalaqsa Tu regionSi iseTi organizaciebi,

*romelTa saqmianobas moxucebulTa daxmareba warmoadgens. gaesaubreT
maT im sakiTxebze, romlebic moxucebulebs awuxebT. ewvieT parks an
sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris iseT adgilebs, sadac moxucebi xSirad iy-
rian Tavs. hkiTxeT, ra sakiTxebze uxdebaT maT zrunva. albaT ggoniaT,
rom TqvenTvis cnobilia moxucebisaTvis saWirboroto yvela sakiTxi.
Tu maTTan garkveul dros dayofT da sakiTxebis Seswavlas ecdebiT,
imden axal rames SeityobT, TviTonac gagikvirdebaT.
finansuri sirTuleebi udaod Zalze mniSvnelovania, magram es erTa-

*derTi aspeqti ar gaxlavT, romelsac Seswavlas sWirdeba. magaliTad,
scadeT yuradReba moxucebulTa jandacvis sakiTxebze gaamaxviloT. ra
daavadebebia farTod gavrcelebuli moxucebs Soris da sad SeuZliaT
samedicino momsaxurebis miReba? rogor mkurnaloben maT saavadm-
yofoebsa da klinikebSi? aris Tu ara ekonomikuri siduxWire maTi mwiri
kvebisa da cudi nutriciuli mdgomareobis erT-erTi mizezi?

101
*valamoxucebulTa urTierToba SvilebTan da SviliSvilebTan dramatulad Seic-
gasuli aTwleulis manZilze. ukeTesi cxovrebis ZiebaSi mraval axalgazrdas
mouxda sacxovreblad sxvagan gadasvla da mSoblebis datoveba. bevri ojaxi sa-
omari moqmedebebis Sedegad gaixliCa. omebis Sedegad miRebuli invalidobis anda
wevris daRupvis gamo bevr ojaxs uwevs brZola gadarCenisaTvis. SeiswavleT es
sakiTxebi da dawereT maT Sesaxeb. dawereT, ra gavlena iqonia ekonomikurma da
socialurma cvlilebebma ojaxur viTarebaze.
erTi an ramdenime dRe gaatareT moxucebulTan, romelic quCaSi maTxovrobiT

*irCens Tavs da Semdeg dawereT mis Sesaxeb. dawereT, rogor reagirebs xalxi. ra
grZnobebi eufleba Tavad moxucebuls, rodesac amas akeTebs? ra Tanxis mogro-
vebas axerxebs erTi dRis ganmavlobaSi? raSi xarjavs am fuls? rogor arCevs
adgils maTxovrobisaTvis?
igive gaakeTeT quCaSi Sokoladis, sunamos, an raime sxva wvrilmani nivTebis

*gamyidvel moxucebulTan. gaarkvieT am mdgomareobis ekonomikuri aspeqtebi. sa-
idan iReben saqonels da ra ujdebaT? dReSi ramdens Souloben? gaigeT, ra prob-
lemebs awydebian isini xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebTan.
aRwereT moxucebulebi, romlebic uCveulo rames akeTeben. gaigeT, aris Tu

*
ara Tqvens maxloblad cnobili msaxiobi, eqimi, iuristi anda sxva profesiis ada-
miani, romelic sapensio asakis dadgomis Semdegac agrZelebs muSaobas. monaxeT
iseTi moxucebulebi, mniSvneloba ara aqvs cnobili iqnebian Tu ara, romlebsac
uCveulo unar-Cvevebi aqvT, an raime saintereso saqmianoba itacebT, anda moxu-
cebulebi, romlebic sportiT an sxva fizikuri saqmianobiT arian dakavebulni.
gaigeT, exmareba Tu ara maT es interesebi imaSi, rom axalgazrdad da cxovrebis
monawiled igrZnon Tavi.
dawereT statia, romelSic èijizmis~ sakiTxs ganixilavT. am cnebam, romelic

*moxucebulTa mimarT arsebul winaswarganwyobas da maTi asakobrivi niSniT dis-
kriminacias gulisxmobs, didi yuradReba miipyro dasavleTSi. igi moxucebulTa
cxovrebis mravali aspeqtis umTavres xelis SemSlel problemad iqna aRiarebuli.
gaigeT, aris Tu ara am sakiTxisadmi aseTive damokidebuleba Tqvens regionSi. uwe-
ven Tu ara moxucebs diskriminacias samsaxurebriv Tu cxovrebis sxva sferoebSi?

102
saswavlo masala
8. a) naxevari saarCevno xma

60 wels gadacilebulebs
l iberaluri aliansis delegatebma vesna pero-
viCma da labud slukiCma wamoayenes winadadeba,
rom 60 wels gadacilebul adamianebs mxolod
`naxevari saarCevno xmis~ ufleba hqondeT re-
ferendumSi, romelic montenegros momavals
Seexeba. podgoricas sainformacio saSualebebis
mier dRes gavrcelebuli informaciiT libera-
luri aliansis delegatebma ganacxades, rom 20
da 60 wlis adamianebs ar SeuZliaT erTi da igive
pasuxismgebloba itvirTon montenegros momav-
lis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi. t riT SeiZleba aixsnas 20
wlis adamianisTvis uf-
`danas/beta~, belgradi, ro meti xmis uflebis mi-
niWeba? imiT, rom maT win
2000 wlis 20 dekemberi
ufro xangrZlivi cxov-
reba aqvT? 20 wlisebs uf-
ro meti xmis ufleba un-
da hqondeT, vidre 40 wlis
adamianebs? ra vuyoT 50
wlis xalxs? sjeraT Tu
ara am winadadebis avto-
rebs, rom 80 wlis ada-
mianebs saerTod ar unda
hqondeT saarCevno uf-
leba?

103
9. ltolvilebi da qveynis SigniT
iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi

104
ltolvilebi da qveynis SigniT
iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi
b
olo aTwleulis manZilze samxreT kavkasiaSi momxdarma konfliqtebma
da dapirispirebam ltolvilTa talRa warmoSva. zogierTma gadalaxa
sazRvari da sxva qveynebSi saSinel pirobebSi uwevs cxovreba; sxvebi
qveynis SigniT iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi arian, romlebsac ub-
ralod aRar gaaCniaT sakuTari saxli da aRar ZaluZT damoukideblad
cxovreba. bevrma SeZlo sakuTari ojaxis SenarCuneba, magram sxvebma
mSoblebi, meuRleebi da Svilebi dakarges mSvidobian mosaxleobaze Tav-
dasxmis an avadmyofobis, yvelaze naklebad mtkivneul SemTxvevaSi ki,
imigraciis Sedegad.
bunebrivia, rom qveynis SigniT iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebisa
da ltolvilebis arsebobam uzarmazari socialuri, ekonomikuri da po-
litikuri dawola gamoiwvia im regionebSi, sadac isini aRmoCndnen. bevr
adgilas, didi xnis mcxovreblebic, romlebic TviTonac cdilobdnen
axal da, xSirad, mZime pirobebSi cxovrebasTan Seguebas, xelgaSliT ar
Segebebian am adamianebis mosvlas. politikosebi xSirad cdiloben
TavianTi popularobis gazrdas adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi maT winaaR-
mdeg uaryofiTi ganwyobis xelSewyobiT.
daZabulobis Semcirebis saqmeSi Jurnalistebs mniSvnelovani rolis
TamaSi SeuZliaT.
*da SeafaseT, Tu rogor aSuqebda masmedia sakiTxebs ltolvilTa Sesaxeb

iyo Tu ara rame gamorCenili. mxolod im statiebSi xom ar aSuqeben
maT, romlebic magaliTad, danaSaulebriv qmedebebs Seexeba? anda, Tu
yofila masala imis Sesaxeb, ra gzebiT cdiloben sakuTari Tavis Svelas,
an ra gzebs pouloben sakuTari cxovrebis gasaumjobeseblad? iqneb
iseTi statia gamogiqveynebiaT, romelSic politikosebi da adgilob-
rivi mosaxleoba ukmayofilebas gamoTqvamen ltolvilebTan dakavSi-
rebuli problemebis gamo da Tavad ltolvilebisaTvis ki ar migiciaT
SesaZlebloba, rom pasuxi gaecaT maTTvis?
ltolvilebis Sesaxeb gamoqveynebuli masalebis didi nawili, maT

*
danaSaulebriv qmedebebs usvams xazs. ra Tqma unda, danaSaulebrivi

105
qmedebebi problemaa, magram, rodesac maT Sesaxeb werT, im konteqstis ganxilvac
mniSvnelovania, romlis fonzec xdeba danaSauli. rogoria ltolvilebs Soris
umuSevrobis done? rogori travmebi ganicades maT? ramdeni Svilis gamokveba
uwevT? amiT Tqven danaSaulebrivi qmedebis gamarTlebas ki ar cdilobT, aramed
cdilobT aRweroT is gausaZlisi mdgomareoba, romelSic ltolvilebs uwevT
cxovreba.
dayaviT garkveuli dro Tqvens axlo-maxlo ltolvilebis sacxovrebel adgi-

*lebSi da ecadeT, rac SeiZleba met xalxs gaesaubroT. dawereT statia, romelSic
aRwerT imas, rac iq ixileT. ra pirobebSi cxovroben? ranairi saxlebi aqvT? wyali
Tu modis maTTan? bavSvebi skolaSi Tu dadian? ras Wamen?
daamyareT kavSirebi adgilobriv Tu saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organiza-

*ciebTan, romlebic ltolvilTa sakiTxebze muSaoben an maT interesebs warmoad-
genen. gaigeT, ras akeTeben es organizaciebi maT dasaxmareblad. hkiTxeT, Tqvens
regionSi mcxovreb ltolvilTaTvis ra sakiTxebia yvelaze aqtualuri. sTxoveT
mogixerxon, rom erTi dRe dayoT ltolvilTa ojaxSi, raTa realurad SeicnoT,
rogoria maTi cxovreba.
moZebneT erTi-ori iseTi ltolvili, romlebmac sirTuleebis gadalaxvis gza

*
gamonaxes. hkiTxeT, rogor moaxerxes samsaxuris, sacxovreblis, saWmlis Sovna?
anda rogor moaxerxes SvilebisTvis ganaTlebis micema? hkiTxeT, rogor SeZles
am garemoebebis daZleva? sxva ojaxebsac xom ar miscemdnen raime rCevas?
aRwereT iseTi ltolvili, romelic sxva misnairis mdgomareobis gaumjebesebas

*cdilobs. iqneb iqve vinmem skola Camoayaliba? Tu aseTi ram moxda, erTi dRe ga-
atareT aseT skolaSi da Semdeg aRwereT. aris vinme, vinc ltolvilebs samuSaos
moZebnaSi exmareba? iqneb aris vinme, vinc maT qaosis, omisa da areulobis Jams
dakarguli naTesavebis ZebnaSi exmareba?
dawereT statia ltolvilTa fsiqologiuri an maT janmrTelobasTan dakavSi-

*rebuli sxva sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, romlebic maTi sazogadoebasTan re-integraciis
mcdelobisas wamoiWreba. hkiTxeT eqimebs, ramdeni maTgani itanjeba posttravmuli
stresiTa da sxva emociuri problemebiT. romeli daavadebebia gansakuTrebiT
xSiri ltolvilTa Soris da Tu dgams xelisufleba raime nabijebs am problemebis
gadasawyvetad?

106
saswavlo masala
es statia iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirebze iseTi pativiscemiTa da TanagrZnobiT
laparakobs, rogorsac isini namdvilad imsaxureben. bevri statiisgan gansxvavebiT, is
ganixilavs mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis TvalsazrisiT gadadgmul dadebiT nabijebsac
da ar cdilobs mtruli damokidebulebis gamoxatvas an sayvedurebis Tqmas. Tumca arc
aq ar iZleva bevr konkretul informacias azerbaijanSi iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pi-
rebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. aseve ar iZleva swavlebis proeqtTan dakavSirebul
detalebs, magaliTad, ra Tanxa ixarjeba amaze da rogoria reaqcia iZulebiT gadaadgi-
lebul pirTa Soris? imis gamo, rom statiaSi arc erT maTganTan ar aris interviu,
mkiTxvels ar SeuZlia Tavisi cxovrebis namdvili suraTis danaxva.
9. a) iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirebs

iuridiuli daxmarebiT uzrunvelyofen
azerbaijanis axalgazrda iuristTa kavSiri axorci-
elebs proeqts saTauriT ìuridiuli swavleba iZu-
lebiT gadaadgilebul pirTaTvis.~
kacobriobam 21-e saukuneSi Tavisi mecnieruli da
teqnologiuri progresis piks miaRwia. magram dRes,
rogorc Sua saukuneebSi, xalxi jer kidev laparakobs
`Wiris~ Sesaxeb. es daavadeba, romelic gavlenas axdens
moralur sferoze, jer kidev arsebobs da ar ikurneba.
es samedicino termini dResdReobiT SeiZleba gamoye- am statiis dasawyisSi rito-
nebuli iqnas iseTi mravalricxovani virusebis dasa- rika cota gadaWarbebulia.
xasiaTeblad, rogoricaa terorizmi, nacionalizmi, is msoflioSi arsebul prob-
rasobrivi da religiuri Seuwynarebloba. es gavlenas lemebs mTlianad `Seuwyna-
axdens sazogadoebaze. swored Seuwynarebloba iwvevs reblobas~ abralebs, rac,
albaT, erT-erTi iseTive faq-
sibrazes, SurisZiebas da, Sedegad, amoqmedebs saSinel
torTagania, rogorc sxva
samxedro manqanas, jariskacebad an omis msxverplad
danarCeni. amiT, Jurnalisti
gadaaqcevs adamianebs, arTmevs maT cxovrebis ufle- aCvenebs, rom is ar iWers ro-
bas, sakuTar Wers da arsebobis saSualebas. teroriz- melime eTnikuri an religi-
mis msxverplni sakuTar Tavs araraobad da sazogado- uri jgufis mxares. is ubra-
ebisagan gariyulad grZnoben. aseTi cxovreba ergoT lod `Seuwynareblobis wi-
wilad ltolvilebs. t naaRmdegia.
erT-erTi globaluri problema, rac mesame aTas-
wleulis dasawyisSi msoflio sazogadoebriobis wi-

107
naSe dgas, aris ltolvilebisa da iZu-
lebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa proble-
ma. samwuxarod, Cveni qveyana jer kidev
liderobs ltolvilTa raodenobis
TvalsazrisiT. saerTo jamSi, dRes
azerbaijanSi milionze meti ltolvi-
lia somxeTidan da iZulebiT gadaad-
gilebuli piri qveynis okupirebuli
teritoriebidan.
xelisuflebas aqvs saSualebebi,
romlebic SeiZleba da unda iyos gamo-
yenebuli 21-e saukunis am senis wina-
aRmdeg sabrZolvelad. am mizniT man
mxolod unda mousminos im xalxs, ro-
melic iTxovs daxmarebas, unda gauC-
ndes maTdami TanagrZnoba. ra Tqma un-
da, SesaZlebelia vinme finansurad da-
exmaros maT, an TavSesafari apovni-
nos, magram, miuxedavad amisa, daxmare- kargi iqneboda, rom Jurnalists ganemarta,
bis Txovna rCeba xmad `mRaRadeblisa ra unda gaakeTos maTTvis xelisuflebam _
udabnosa Sina~. isini, vinc uaryofs am programebi SeimuSaos, saxlebi auSenos, sam-
faqtis arsebobas Cvens sazogadoeba- saxuri uSovos Tu ra? _ da Semdeg mieRo pa-
Si, ubralod matyuarebi arian. t suxi mTavrobisgan, Tu ratom ar akeTebs amas.
ganaTlebas Cveni drois Wiris wina-

aRmdeg brZolaSi lomis wilis Setana
SeuZlia. t es sakamaTo sakiTxia. ra Tqma unda, ltolvi-
lebisa da qveynis SigniT gadaadgilebuli
magaliTad, iZulebiT gadaadgile-
pirebisaTvis saWiroa sakuTari uflebebis
bul pirebs, romelTa uflebebic mra-
codna. magram erTia icode sakuTari ufle-
valjer dairRva, warmoadgena ara aqvT bebi, da meore, ramdenad SegiZlia am ufle-
sakuTari uflebebis Sesaxeb. amasTan bebis gamoyeneba. aman SeiZleba ubralod
dakavSirebiT, azerbaijanis axalgaz- ukeT daganaxvos, Tu ramdenad ugulebelyo-
rda iuristTa kavSirma mimdinare filia Seni uflebebi.
wlis oqtombris dasawyisSi wamoiwyo
proeqti saxelwodebiT ìuridiuli
swavleba iZulebiT gadaadgilebul
pirTaTvis.~ proeqti xorcieldeba ho-
landiis ltolvilTa sabWos finansu-
ri mxardaWeriT. misi mTavari mizania
daxmareba gauwios asobiT iZulebiT

108
aq kargi iqneboda programis ufro deta-
lurad aRwera. zustad ras warmoadgens gadaadgilebul pirs, romelTac ara aqvT
es programa? rogor eweva is iZulebiT ga- iuridiuli momsaxurebiT sargeblobis
daadgilebuli pirebis ganaTlebas: jgu- SesaZlebloba, rom maT Tavad SeeZloT sa-
furi muSaobiTa da seminarebiT, sarekla- u kuTari uflebebis dacva.
mo kampaniis saSualebiT? ra raodenobiT axalgazrda iuristTa kavSiris presm-
Tanxa ixarjeba amaze? mainc ra saxis sa-
divanma nigar malikovam aRniSna, rom pro-
marTlebrivi SesaZleblobebi aqvT am ada-
eqti sam TveSi damTavrdeba. kavSiris eqs-
mianebs?
pertebma proeqtis farglebSi ukve Caata-
res ramdenime saswavlo kursi ltolvi-
ra xangrZlivobisaa es kursebi? ra Temebi u lebiT dasaxlebul adgilebSi. malikovas
Sedis masSi? Tu amdeni ltolvilia, ro- TqmiT, swavleba tardeba zogadad gaeros
gor SeiZleba sam TveSi dasruldes mTeli
dokumentebis safuZvelze, romlebSic Se-
proeqti? eqneba Tu ara proeqts Semdgomi
dis konvenciebi da xelSekrulebebi ltol-
gagrZeleba? ra damokidebuleba aqvT iZu-
lebiT gadaadgilebul pirebs? albaT
vilebisa da iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli
kargi iqneba, Tu Jurnalisti erT-erT se- pirebis uflebebis dacvis Sesaxeb.
minars daeswreba da da gaaSuqebs. saswavlo kursis dros, ltolvilebi
axlos gaecnen azerbaijanSi moqmed kanon-
mdeblobas, romelic am kategoriis ada-
mianebis uflebebs aregulirebs: esenia
Sesabmisi sacxovrebeli pirobebis uf-
leba, ganaTlebis ufleba, axlo naTesa-
vebis Sesaxeb informaciis miRebis ufle-
ba, ufaso samedicino daxmarebis ufleba,
saidentifikacio dokumentebis flobis,
iZulebiTi migraciisgan Tavdacvis, Tavi-
sufali gadaadgilebis ufleba da a.S.
Tumca, malikovas TqmiT, rogorc wesi,
samTavrobo dawesebulebebi ar uzrun-
velyofen iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pi-
rebs yvela arsebuli informaciiT maTi
risgan Sedgeboda pirveli faza? es is sami
Tvea, romelic zemoT iyo naxsenebi, Tu uflebebis, daxmarebebis da sxva sakiTxe-
aris meore fazac? proeqtis Sesaxeb moy- bis Sesaxeb. rac Seexeba proeqts, pirveli
vanili detalebi gaugebrobas warmoSobs. u faza ukve damTavrda.
gazeTi `zerkalo~,
baqo, azerbaijani, 2004 wlis 24 oqtomberi

109
es Jurnalisti aSkarad fiqrobs, rom yvela somexi, romelic sakuTar saxls daubrundeba
azerbaijanSi, amiT Tavis Tanamemamuleebs uRalatebs. rogorc Cans, mas isic sjera, rom
somxeTis xelisuflebis kritika miuRebelia. imis magivrad, rom monaTxrobis Sinaarsze
gaamaxvilos yuradReba, statia ubrald Tavs esxmis or somexs, romlebic, savaraudod,
arc ise patriotebi arian. zustad ra Tqves maT preskonferenciaze? ramdenad sworia
maTi kritika? kargi iqneboda amis codna. sanacvlod, Jurnalisti ubralod lanZRavs
or kacs.
9. b) antisomxuri TamaSebi
somxebis daxmarebiT
a m dReebis azerbaijanuli presa savsea statiebiT
preskonferenciis Sesaxeb, romelic somexma imig-
rantebma, roman tarianma da artur apresianma moaw-
yves baqoSi. bunebrivia, ori somexi baqoSi imisTvis
Camovida, rom sakuTari samSoblo gaekritikebina.
roman tariani da artur apresiani namdvili adami-
anebi arian, romlebic baqodan wavidnen da somxeTSi
10 welze didxans cxovrobdnen.
somxeTis mTavrobis daqvemdebarebaSi myofi mig-
raciisa da ltolvilTa saagentos xelmZRvanelma,
gagik ieganianma gviTxra: roman tariani somxeTSi, Jurnalisti piradad esaubra
koriunis 23-Si cxovrobda da maRaziaSi muSaobda. aidas, Tu es informacia mas ie-
gagik ieganianis TqmiT, mis saagentos bevrma gaRi- ganianma miawoda? meore xelis
informacia, gansakuTrebiT,
zianebulma ltolvilma mimarTa, romlebic aRaSfo-
iseTi, romelsac vinme sakuTa-
Ta samSoblos moRalateebis saqcielma. sxvaTa So-
ri mosazrebis gansamtkiceb-
ris, roman tarianis yofilma meuRlem, aidamac mi- lad iyenebs, ar SeiZleba sarw-
marTa saagentos. man Tqva, misma saqcielma damanaxa, munod CaiTvalos. Tu Jurna-
rom marTali viyavi, roca qmars gavSordi, ubralod lists es informacia tarianis
vwuxvar, rom Cemi ori Svili am kacis gvars ata- meuRlisgan ar miuRia, mas is
rebso. t statiaSi ar unda Seetana.
Rrma analizis gareSec naTelia, rom es Cveni me-
zoblebis didi Sromis Sedegia. mizani somxeTis ki-
dev erTxel komprometirebaa, TiTqos Cven koruf-
ciasa da ukanonobaSi vixrCobodeT, azerbaijani ki
iseTi demokratiuli iyos, rom is mzadac ki aris,
baqoSi miiRos gawamebuli somxebi. samwuxarod,

110
SeiZleba maT dahpirdnen an ar dah-
pirdnen rames, magram Jurnalistma saerTaSoriso sazogadoebrioba SecdomaSia
didi mondomebiT unda gadaamowmos Seyvanili Cvenive Tanamemamuleebis daxmare-
somxebis gancxadebebi da gansazRv- biT, romlebmac, albaT, dapirebebi miiRes
ros, simarTles Seesabameba Tu ara azerbaijanis xelisuflebisgan. Rrma anali-
u
isini. ubralod, ori adamianisa da
zis Catarebis gareSec naTelia, rom es erT-
azerbaijanis xelisuflebis gakriti-
erTi Cveulebrivi magaliTia mravalricxo-
keba damadasturebeli sabuTis gare-
Se aranairad ar hfens naTels arse-
vani azerbaijanuli TamaSebidan. Cven ubra-
bul situacias. lod unda davsvaT oriode logikuri SekiT-
xva da SevecadoT maTze pasuxebis gacemas.
pirveli da umTavresi SekiTxva: `rogor mo-
axerxes somxebma azerbaijanSi CaRweva?~ aS-
karaa, rom azerbaijanis xelisuflebis dax-
marebis gareSe isini amas ver SeZlebdnen. ub-
ralod, gaixseneT bolodroindeli azerba-
ijanuli isteria, roca somxebi apirebdnen
natos programis `partnioroba mSvidobisaT-
vis~ farglebSi Catarebul samxedro wvrTneb-
Si monawileobis miRebas.
aSkaraa, rom es ori baqoSi im mizniT Cavi-
da, rom sayvedurebi eTqvaT somxeTSi ltol-
vilebis mZime socialur pirobebze, maSin,
roca azerbaijanSi ltolvilebi Ria cis qveS,
karvebSi cxovroben. isini aSkarad araswori
misamarTiT gamoTqvamdnen am sayvedurebs.
Cvenma Tanamemamuleebma politikuri sakiT-
ese igi, somxebma ar SeiZleba gaakri- xebic dasves: maT Tqves, rom ezizRebaT ro-
tikon qveynis prezidenti? es arapat- bert qoCariani da fiqroben, rom qveynis pre-
riotulobis niSania? u zidenti stefan demirWiani unda iyos.
gasagebia, ratomac ar uyvarT robert qo-
Cariani azerbaijanSi, magram isic unda aRi-
niSnos, rom stefan demirWianis Tanamemamu-
leni masac daTvur samsaxurs uweven.
ras moelian roman tariani da artur ap-
resiani? isini rogorRac imedovneben, rom am-
deni mondomebis Semdeg mdidar qveyanaSi ipo-
vian TavSesafars. magram iqneb Cveni Taname-
mamuleebi baqoSi darCenas apireben, Tu iq maT
ase kargad eqcevian. somxeTis migraciisa da

111
ltolvilTa saagento-
Si, TavianT pirad saq-
es gafrTxileba ise
meebSi apresianma da
JRers, TiTqos Jur-
nalisti marTlac tarianma miuTiTes,
imedovnebs, rom maT rom maT baqoSi oTxo-
vinme moklavs. ro- Taxiani binebi dakar-
goric ar unda iyos ges. albaT maT imis dab-
Jurnalistis piradi runeba surT, rac da-
gancdebi arsebul karges. magram maT sif- t adamianis pirad saqmeebSi arsebuli
situaciasTan dakav-
rTxile ar awyendaT, informacia yvelasTvis xelmisawvdo-
SirebiT, misi mxri-
radgan yovelTvis iar- mia, vinc mis naxvas moisurvebs? is,
dan aseTi mosazre-
sebebs maTi daundob- rom viRaca ise iqceva, rom sxvebs ar
bebis gamoTqma gama-
moswonT, ar niSnavs imas, rom misi pi-
Rizianebeli da ara- lad mokvlis saSiSro-
radi informacia sxvebisTvis unda
eTikuria. u eba.
gaxdes xelmisawvdomi. Jurnalistma
unda miuTiTos, saidan miiRo infor-
gazeTi àzg~, macia. _ saagentos xelmZRvanelis ie-
erevani, somxeTi, ganianisgan? saagento Cveulebriv
eubneba xolme Jurnalistebs, ra we-
2004 wlis 16 aprili
ria xalxis pirad da, savaraudod, kon-
fidencialur saqmeebSi?

112
es mokle statia policiis ufross saSualebas aZlevs Tavi daicvas, magram sapirispiro
mxares amis SesaZleblobas ar aZlevs. imis magivrad, rom statia iwyebodes umTavresi
sakamaTo braldebiT _ rom policia arasworad moeqca ltolvilebs, orive _ saTauric
da pirveli abzacic, yuradRebas amaxvilebs ufrosis uarmyofel gancxadebaze, rac im
adamianebis saTqmelis xarjze keTdeba, romlebsac albaT cudad moeqcnen.
9. g) policia CeCeni ltolvilebisa

da qistebis devnas uaryofas
k axeTis samxareo policiis mTavari sammar-
Tvelos ufrosi zurab tuSuri kategori-
ulad uaryofs arasamTavrobo organizaci-
aTa pretenziebs, TiTqos pankisis xeobis qis- ra saxis ukanono qmedebebzea aq sa-
ti mosaxleobisa da iq mcxovrebi CeCeni ubari? saTauri axsenebs ltolvilebis
ltolvilebis mimarT policiis TanamSrom- devnas, magram bundovani rCeba, Tu ra
lebi ukanono qmedebebs axorcielebdnen. t braldebiT xdeba es.
cnobilia, rom analogiur braldebebs ga-
am an sxva adgilas kargi iqneboda im
moTqvams Tavad mosaxleobac da misi ramde- adamianebis naTqvamis an informaciis
nime warmomadgeneli protestis niSnad Sim- Casma, vinc am braldebebs gamoTqvams.
Silobs kidec. t amiT SesaZlebeli gaxdeboda im ufro-
sis gancxadebebis dabalanseba im xal-
tuSuri irwmuneba, rom arasamTavroboTa
xis mier gakeTebuli gancxadebebiT,
da Tavad mosaxleobis pretenziebi gaugeba- vinc irwmuneba, rom maT arasworad eq-
ria, radgan, Tu aseTi faqtebi marTlac ar- cevian. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, isini
sebobs, maT SeeZloT SimSilobis dawyebamde SeumCnevelni xdebian da mkiTxvelis-
miemarTaT romelime samarTaldamcavi struq- Tvis ufro rTulia maTi Sexedulebe-
bis gageba.
turis an xelisuflebis sxva warmomadgen-
lisTvis. mxolod eqvs TveSi pankisis xeobaSi t es argumenti ar aris Zalian damarw-
eqvsi Zebnilia dakavebuli, bolo or kviraSi munebeli. vin ifiqrebs, rom xalxi,
ki avtomanqanebis dayaCaRebis ori faqti da- romelsac xelisuflebis erTi warmo-
madgeneli cudad epyroba, saCivle-
fiqsirda. xeobaSi policiis Sesvlisa da
lad meoresTan miva. ufro metic, al-
Cxrekis gareSe ki msgavsi operaciebis Cata- baT isini asec moiqcnen, magram amas
reba SeuZlebelia~, _ acxadebs kaxeTis samxa- Sedegad pasuxi ar mohyolia. rogorc
reo policiis ufrosi. Cans, Jurnalisti tuSuris gancxade-
tuSuri ar uaryofs xeobaSi msgavsi Ro- bas WeSmaritebad aRiqvams.
nisZiebebis Catarebas, Tumca miuTiTebs, rom
policia kanonis farglebSi moqmedebda da
amitom mosaxleobisa da arasamTavroboTa
pretenziebi sruliad gaumarTlebelia. t aqac kargi iqneboda detalebis moy-
vana, konkretulad ras acxadeben
media niusi [sainformacio saagento] statia ltolvilebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor
dabeWdilia yoveldRiur gazeT `24 saaTSi~, devnian maT da konkretulad ra ar ga-
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo, 2004 wlis 11 maisi akeTa policiam?

113
10. seqsualuri orientacia

114
seqsualuri orientacia
s
eqsualuri umciresobebi samxreT kavkasiis qveynebSi am bolo wlebSi
ufro TvalsaCino gaxdnen. am jgufis zogierTma warmomadgenlebma Seq-
mnes kavSirebi, ramac aiZula Jurnalistebi yuradReba miqciaT aratra-
diciuli seqsualuri orientaciis mqone pirebis _ cisferebis, lesbo-
selebis da biseqsualebis mier wamoWrili rTuli sakiTxebisaTvis. Tum-
ca bevri Jurnalisti da mediis warmomadgeneli yoveldRiur cxovre-
baSi maT moixseniebs, rogorc mankiersa da sazogadoebisaTvis mavne
jgufs da ara rogorc adamianebs, romlebic TanagrZnobas, gagebasa da
maTi ZiriTadi uflebebis dacvas imsaxureben.
seqsualuri umciresobebis gaSuqebisaTvis gTavazobT ramdenime
rCevas:
*aSididi yuradReba miaqcieT masalaSi gamoyenebul enas. mraval stati-

seqsualur umciresobaTa mimarT iseT sityvebs iyeneben rogorebi-
caa `pedarasti~ an `gaTaxsirebuli~. nebismier enas sakuTari specifika
aqvs, magram inglisur enaSi, magaliTad `gei~ `lesboseli~ da `biseqsu-
ali~ neitraluri terminebia, da ar iwvevs raime uaryofiT asiciacias.
moZebneT neitraluri terminebi Tqvens enaSi.
*aristransvestiti da transseqsuali erTi da igive ar aris. transvestiti

adamiani, romelsac sapirispiro sqesis tansacmlis Cacma moswons.
transseqsuali ki aris adamiani, romlis sxeulic ar Seesabameba im sqess,
romelsac igi sakuTar Tavs miakuTvnebs. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, es
aris anatomiuri agebulebiT mamakaci, romelic Tavs qalad Tvlis.
transseqsualma SeiZleba gaikeTos Zvirad Rirebuli da mtkivneuli
qirurgiuli operacia, rom sqesi Seicvalos.
*ladseqsualuri umciresobebis Sesaxeb masalis momzadebisas, aucileb-

gaesaubreT ramdenime maTgans. cisferebs, biseqsualebs da seqsu-
aluri umciresobis sxva warmomadgenlebs, iseve rogorc nebismier ada-
mians, imedebi, SiSi da ocnebebi aqvT. maT, iseve rogorc nebismier ada-
mians, kariera, interesebi da ojaxi aqvT. nu gegonebaT, rom raime iciT
maTi cxovrebis an Tavad maT Sesaxeb, sanam am sakiTxebze uSualod maT
ar gaesaubrebiT.

115
seqsualuri umciresobis mimarT bevrs Zalze uaryofiTi damokidebuleba aqvs.
*mxolod imitom, rom seqsualur umciresobaze saubrisas xelisuflebis an samRv-
deloebis romelime warmomadgeneli, politikosi an vinme sxva Seuracxmyofel
terminebsa da gamoTqmebs xmarobs, ar niSnavs, rom Tqven, rogorc Jurnalists,
Tqven mier momzadebul masalaSi imave Seuracxmyofeli eniT mogeTxovebaT sakiT-
xisa Tu movlenis aRwera. Tu saWiro iqna, perifrazi gaukeTeT maT sityvebs. Tu
sityvebis avtoris pirdapir citirebas axdenT, unda aRniSnoT, rom seqsualuri
umciresobis warmomadgenlebi, vis mimarTac es sityvebi iqna gamoTqmuli, amgvar
enas Seuracxmyofelad da gamomwvevad miiCneven.
gadamowmebis gareSe nu daijerebT eqimebisa Tu mkvlevarebis gancxadebebs,

*romlebic amtkiceben, rom seqsualuri umciresobebis warmomadgenlebs bavSvebis
Secdena sCveviaT, rom Sidsis viruss Segnebulad avrceleben da sxva mravali gziT
cdiloben sazogadoebisaTvis zianis miyenebas. Tu vinme getyviT, rom `cisferebis~
50% mcirewlovan biWunebs aupatiurebs, mosTxoveT konkretuli informacia, Tu
sad moipoves es statistikuri monacemebi. pirebi, romlebic Tavs eqspertebad
asaReben, xSirad araswor informacias anda arasworad warmarTuli kvlevis Sede-
gebs iyeneben, raTa sazogadoebrivi azri seqsualuri umciresobebis winaaRmdeg
ganawyon.
seqsualuri umciresobebis Sesaxeb gamoqveynebuli statiebis didi nawili da-

*naSaulebriv qmedebas exeba, gansakuTrebiT ki iseTi SemTxvevebia aRwerili, ro-
desac Tavs esxmian da sicocxles asalmeben aratradiciuli seqsualuri orien-
taciis xalxs. am statiebSi dazaralebulebs xSirad kriminalebiviT moixsenieben,
TiTqos mxolod imis gamo, rom gansxvavebulni arian, maTi bralia, Tavs rom esxmian.
gaxsovdeT, rom aseT SemTxvevebSi damnaSavea is, vinc Tavs esxmis, da ara is, visac
Tavs esxmian. Jurnalistebi xSirad yovelgvari gadamowmebis gareSe aSuqeben xe-
lisuflebis warmomadgenelTa Sexedulebebs, romlebic Tvlian, rom dazarale-
bulebi raRaciT imsaxureben maTze Tavdasxmas.
imis gamo, rom seqsualuri umciresobebi xSirad sazogadoebisagan damalulni

*arian, SesaZloa gaWirdes maTi monaxva maTTan gasaubrebis mizniT. aseT SemTxvevaSi,
kargi iqneba, rom im jgufebsa da arasamTavrobo organizaciebs daukavSirdeT,
romlebic seqsualuri umciresobebis interesebs warmoadgenen. gaesaubreT am
organizaciebis TanamSromlebs, rom rame SeityoT maTTvis aqtualuri proble-
mebis Sesaxeb. sTxoveT maT, rom jgufis sxva warmomadgenlebTan dakavSirebaSi
dagexmaron. ecadeT gaesaubroT iseT pirebsac, romlebic am jgufs ar ekuTvnian,
da romlebsac, SesaZloa, am sakiTxebis gasxvavebuli xedva aqvT da sakuTari az-
rebisa da Sexedulebebis gaziareba ufro pirdapir da mourideblad SeuZliaT.

116
nu daujerebT cisferebis, biseqsualebisa Tu seqsualur umciresobaTa sxva
*warmomadgenlebis Sesaxeb yurmokrul stereotipebs. bevrs sjera, rom cisferi
àqtiuri~ da `pasuri~ arsebobs _ is, romelic ufro qals hgavs, pasiuria. Teori-
ulad es kargad JRers, magram realurad maTi seqsualuri roli gacilebiT ufro
rTuli da mravali niuansis mqone fenomenia. tyuilia isic, rom yvela cisferi
artistuli bunebisaa, rom yvela lesbosels an sZuls kacebi, anda surs rom iyos
mamakaci, rom yvela is mamakaci, romelic qalis tansacmels atarebs, avtomaturad
homoseqsualia.

117
saswavlo masala
winamdebare statia arsebiTad brals sdebs jon elviss Tavissave sikvdilSi misi vi-
Tomdac homoseqsualobis gamo. Tu Worebs ar CavTvliT, statia ar gvawvdis araviTar
mtkicebulebas, rom man patara bavSvebi gaaupatiura. statiis avtori aseve ar ganasx-
vavebs erTmaneTisagan homoseqsualobasa da pedofilias. zogierT SemTxvevebSi maTi
kavSiris miuxedavad, homoseqsualizmi da pedofilia or arsebiTad gansxvavebuli fe-
nomenia. maS, raSi edeba elviss brali? imaSi, rom is cisferi an pedofilia, Tu oriveSi
erTad?
10. a) tragikomedia axali saxiT

r odesac Tqveni monamorCili am winadadebebs wer-
da, ukve ori weli, ori Tve da 19 dRe iyo gasuli mas
Semdeg, rac es tragikomedia daiwyo.
me albaT ar davubrundebodi am Temas, rom ara
ra tipis gancxadebaze lapara-
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saelCos mier 19 Te- kobs Jurnalisti? konkretu-
bervals gamoqveynebuli Zalian seriozuli gancxa- lad ra gancxadeba gaakeTa sa-
deba. sakiTxis naTelyofisaTvis, warsulSi unda t elCom?
davbrunde. 2000 wlis 30 noembers SeerTebuli Sta-
tebis saerTaSoriso respublikuri institutis yovelgvari mtkicebulebis ga-
warmomadgeneli j. elvisi mokles qalaq baqoSi. mis reSe, es winadadeba migviTiTebs,
cxedarze basri iaraRiT miyenebuli 36 Wriloba rom TviT mkvlelobis msxverp-
aRiniSneboda. lia damnaSave sakuTar sikvdil-
cxedarTan uxmari prezervativebi ipoves. ase Si. Zneli dasajerebelia, rom
mxolod is vinc `Seuracxyo aR-
SeiZleboda moeklaT mxolod is, vinc Seuracxyofa
mosavluri msoflmxedveloba~,
miayena aRmosavlur msoflmxedvelobas. sinamdvi- t
aseT Semzarav sikvdils daimsa-
leSi ki Zvel qalaqSi momxdari incindenti warmo-
xurebda. es winadadeba imasac
adgenda SeerTebuli Statebisken mimarTul gafrT- miuTiTebs, rom arsebobs àRmo-
xilebas. maSin Cven davakvirdiT mmarTveli elitisa savluri msoflmxedveloba~, ro-
da opoziciis qcevas da SemogTavazeT analizi sa- melsac yvela aRiarebs. xom ar
xelwodebiT `SeerTebuli Statebis adgilobrivi niSnavs es, rom yvelas, vinc am
bavSvebi jon elvisis konteqstSi~ gazeTSi `Sargi~ msoflmxedvelobis romelime
midgomas uaryofs, 36 Wriloba
[31 dekemberi, 2001 weli]. Cven CavTvaleT, rom rad-
unda mivayenoT? ra Tqma unda,
ganac Cven ara gvaqvs kanoni seqsualuri umcireso-
es citata gadaWarbebulad
bebis Sesaxeb, elvisis mier gaupatiurebuli ara-
JRers, magram avtori swored
srulwlovani bavSvebis mSoblebsa da TviT dazara- amas gulisxmobs.

118
lebulebs hqondaT misi gasamarTlebis ufleba.
es winadadeba erTmaneTs ukav-
radganac Cven iluziebiT ar vcxovrobT, mmarT-
Sirebs prezident klintonis
qcevasa da imas, rom SeerTe- veli elitis an opoziciis mxridan arc moveliT
buli Statebis moqalaqe sava- samarTlianobis aRdgenas. es ki imis bralia, rom
raudod cisferia. Tumca gaur- maT usaTuod sWirdebaT SeerTebuli Statebis
kvevelia, Tu ra kavSiria am or mxardaWera Zalauflebis mosapoveblad da Sesa-
faqts Soris. xom ar gulisx- narCuneblad. samwuxarod, sazogadoebam yvelafe-
mobs statiis avtori, rom arc
ri aRiqva, rogorc evropuli aRviraxsniloba da
erT azerbaijanel politikoss
seqsTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxi. aman sulac ar gag-
ar gaubams qorwinebis miRma
vaoca. maSin, rodesac TviT qveynis prezidentia
romani? an seqsualur codvebs
mxolod amerikelebi da sxva da- garyvnili, ra gasakviria, rom misi qveynis warmo-
savlelebi sCadian? es Znelad madgeneli seqsualur umciresobas ganekuTvne-
Tu Seesabameba sinamdviles. u bodes? Tumca, Cvens qveyanaSi mcxovrebma aSS-s
Svilebma ufro Rirseuli saxeli [aratradiciuli
seqsualuri orientaciis mqone pirebi] mouZebnes
amas. neba miboZeT SegaxsenoT, rom b. klintonma
seqsualuri urTierToba daamyara Tavis TanamS-
romelTan qveynis yvelaze pativsacem oTaxSi.
TviT is faqti, rom saxelmwifom daxarja 42 mili-
sainteresoa, ra gziT gamoxata
oni amerikuli dolari am Ralatis gamosavlenad,
am kongresmenma seqsualuri Ta-
mxolod kanonierebis dones ki ar asaxavs, aramed
nagrZnoba j. elvisisadmi, an
riT daemuqra azerbaijans? kar-
qveyanaSi arsebul moralur kriziszec miuTiTebs.
gi iqneboda, rom avtors aq de- Cvenc xom gvyavs xelisuflebaSi mosvlis msurveli
talebic moeyvana TvalsaCino- adamianebi, romelTa mdivnebic fexmZimed arian.
ebisaTvis. u maSin, SeerTebuli Statebis kongresmenma X-ma1
gamoxata seqsualuri TangrZnoba j. elvisisadmi,
da mainc, konkretulad ra Ca- da Seuracxmyofeli sityvebi da muqarac ki gamoT-
idina elvisma? bavSvebi gaaupa- qva Cveni qveynis misamarTiT. Cvenma mTavrobam da
tiura Tu ubralod cisferi opoziciam es upasuxod datova. mxolod axla 10
iyo? saidan icis avtorma, rom mowmis mier micemuli Cvenebebidan gaxda cnobili,
gamoZiebis procesSi 1000-ze me-
rom Zveli qalaqis axalgazrdebi moralur-fsiqo-
ti mozardi iqna dakiTxuli?
logiur terors ganicdidnen ori wlisa da sami
man amis Sesaxeb policiisagan
Seityo? an xom ar usaubria im Tvis ganmavlobaSi. 1000-ze meti mozardi, maT Soris
1000 bavSvTan, romlebic poli- gogonebi, daikiTxnen am homoseqsualis wyalobiT,
ciam dakiTxa? daujerebelia, romelmac Tavisi qcevisaTvis damsaxurebuli
rom amdeni bavSvi daekiTxaT am sasjeli iwvnia daniT miyenebuli 36 Wrilobis
saqmesTan dakavSirebiT. da Tu u saxiT. imaT, vinc mzad iyo ZalauflebisaTvis
es marTlac simarTlea, avtori
1
SeniSvna: Jurnalistma dasaxela kongresmenis saxeli, magram MDI-s
valdebulia daasaxelos, Tu sa-
kvlevam ver moaxdina am saxelis mqone piris dadgena, amitomac es
idan aqvs es informacia. saxeli am wignSi mocemuli statiis versiidan amoRebulia.

119
nebismieri msxverpli gaeRo, daiwyes SeerTebuli
Statebis fexebis kocna da ganacxades, rom ar surT
am qveyanasTan urTierTobebis gafuWeba. maSin Cven nuTu barebSi siaruli danaSa-
davsviT SekiTxva: `rodis aqeT gansazRvraven mudam ulia? ris safuZvelze amtki-
Ramis klubebSi myofi seqsualuri umciresobebi cebs avtori, rom elvisi mTel
saxelmwifoTa Soris urTierTobebs?~ unda aRiniS- t dros barebSi atarebda?
nos isic, rom mxolod aSS-m moaxdina am danaSaulis
politizeba da mas saxelmwifoTaSorisi urTierTo-
bebis Tanabari mniSvneloba mianiWa. Cveni politi-
kosebi yovelTvis iyvnen ucxoelTa nebis aRmsrule-
belni. am SemTxvevaSi SevecadeT xalxisagan migveRo
pasuxi SekiTxvaze, `ratom dumda azerbaijanis
opozicia am seqsualur umciresobasTan dakavSi-
rebiT?~ Cven mivxvdiT, rom èrTaderTi mizezi aSS-s
winaSe reputaciis SenarCuneba iyo.~ es xom is xalxia,
romelic cdilobs marTos Cveni momavali. maT xom
ukve mTlianad gayides Cveni saxelmwifo, axla ki
undaT, rom gayidon Cveni kulturac. Tumca is faq-
ti, rom Cven es movaxerxeT2 , imas niSnavs, rom Cven
SevZeliT kuTvnili adgili migveCina maTTvis da
momavalSic SevZlebT amis gakeTebas.
adgilobrivTagan erT-erTma 3 moiTxova, rom
araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar gamJRavnebuliyo j. elvi-
sis homoseqsualoba, radganac amas SeeZlo `ziani
mieyenebina aSS-s reputaciisaTvis samxreT kavka-
siaSi...~ Cven vTvliT, rom aSS-s ara aqvs reputacia,
mas aqvs mxolod Zalaufleba... swored imave adgi-
lobrivma brali dasdo Cvens erT-erT moxeles ima-
Si, rom mas surda `ruseTsa da aSS-s Soris strate-
giul dapirispirebaSi am ukanasknels ewvnia damar-
cxeba~... mxolod imitom, rom man gaamJRavna infor-
macia incindentis Sesaxeb. Cven maSin CavTvaleT,
rom isini bavSvebi arian, romlebsac uyvarT stra-
tegiuli politikuri TamaSebis TamaSi. dae, iTama-
Son.~ mas Semdeg isini agrZeleben TamaSs.
magram axlaxan daiwyo am tragikuli komediis
axali gagrZeleba. Cven gamogvicxades, rom aSS Sew-
yvets daxmarebas, Tu Cven ar vipoviT jonis namdvil
mkvlels. maT, visac xelisuflebaSi mosvla surs, t vin Tqva es? aSS-s mTavrobis
oficialuri gancxadebaa?
2
igulisxmeba elvisis mkvleloba.
3
aq Jurnalisti frazas àdgilobrivTagan erT-erTma~ amerikelis
aRsaniSnavad iyenebs.

120
kvlav aaWreles gazeTis saTaurebi da bednierebi
arian imiT, rom Cveni qveyana veRar miiRebs daxma-
rebas viRac homoseqsualis gamo. gaogndebiT, ro-
ca gaigebT, Tu rogori erTgulebi arian isini jon
elvisisa! Tumca, aSS-s saelCom imedi gaucrua maT,
uaryo ra es informacia. mTavrobac dumda... Cven
ki yovelTvis xazs vusvamT im faqts, rom vidre sa-
xelmwifo daxmarebebis imedzea, romelic uaryo-
fili unda iqnes, igi ver SeZlebs daafiqsiros
Tavisi azri. migvifurTxebia daxmarebaze, romlis
winapirobas cisferebi warmoadgenen. Tumca, ro-
gorc yovelTvis, xelmZRvanelobis saxeliT maTma
momxseneblebma isaubres, TviTon ki dumdnen. me-
reda ra Tqves an gaakeTes momxseneblebma? maT arc
ki gadaumowmebiaT informacia. imisaTvis, rom ic-
xovron, isini arc ki gamodian TavianTi saelCo-
ebidan. naTelia, rom Cven rac SeiZleba swrafad
unda movamzadoT kanoni `seqsualur umciresoba-
Ta~ Sesaxeb, rom Cvens moqalaqeebs kanonis farg-
kerZod, ra stadiaSia amJamad ka- u lebSi moqmedebis saSualeba mieceT. maT mobezr-
noni seqsualur umciresobaTa daT ukanonoba da xarvezebi kanonebSi. warmoidgi-
Sesaxeb? avtori ambobs, rom ase- neT, maT ufleba aqvT gaxsnan jon elvisis saxelo-
Ti kanoni ar arsebobs. niSnavs bis seqsualur umciresobaTa klubi. xelmZRvane-
Tu ara es imas, rom am etapze ho- lebs axali araferi uTqvamT TavianTi momxseneb-
moseqsualizmi kanonieria? ra lebisaTvis, mxolod imaze isaubres, Tu rogor
tipis kanonis miReba surs mas? icavs aSS Tavis moqalaqeTa uflebebs... maS ratom
xom ar surs mas seqsualuri um-
ar awuxebT maT Zvel qalaqSi mcxovrebi 1000-ze me-
ciresobebis kanongareSed gamo-
ti mozardis moralur-fsiqologiuri terori?
cxadeba?
Cven viciT, rom Tqven cxvrebiviT usmenT aSS-s.
skandalis moyvarulebma yvelafers `saerTaSori-
so skandali~ uwodes. erT-erTi maTgani, romelmac
sakuTari azri grantebsa da ucxoeTSi mivlinebebs
Seswira [ufro swored ki `mihyida~] damRupvel
gancxadebebs akeTebda... Tumca, kmara. Tvalwin
midgeba is scena, rodesac j. elvisis kubos miaci-
lebdnen. Zalian sevdiani suraTi iyo, romlis yu-
rebisas mivedi daskvnamde: Tu mTeli qveynis masS-
tabiT bolos ar movuRebT msgavs pirebs, es sircx-
vili kidev did xans gagvyveba _ isini ukeTes SemTx-
vevaSi kidev erTi an ori vadiT darCebian xelisuf-
lebaSi.
gazeTi òlailar~,
baqo, azerbaijani, 2003 wlis 27 Tebervali

121
es saTauri imis TvalsaCino magaliTia, Tu rogor SeiZleba uneburma mikerZoebam gamo-
iwvios gancxadebebi, romlebic sinamdviles amaxinjebs. es fraza arsebiTad brals sdebs
qals misi, misi Svilebisa da misi dedis mkvlelobaSi, rodesac ambobs, rom Tayvanism-
cemlisaTvis uaris Tqmam `gamoiwvia~ sisxlisRvra. simarTle ki is aris, rom mkvleloba
qalis qcevam ki ar `gamoiwvia~, aramed mamakacis midrekilebam Zaladobisaken. da nebis-
mier qals, miuxedavad imisa, lesboselia Tu ara, ra Tqma unda, aqvs ufleba uaryos ma-
makaci da ar eSinodes, rom mas moklaven. ufro metic, saTauri xazs imasac usvams, rom
man uaryo kaci, radganac lesboseli iyo da ara imitom, rom mas ubralod am kacTan
dawolis survili ar hqonda.
10. b) lesboselis uarma gazeTi aerTianebs problemas da am sa-

TauriT gvacnobs qalis cxovrebis deta-
sisxlisRvra
lebs. `seqsualuri Tavgadasavlebze xaz-
gasmam SesaZloa damatebiTi mkiTxvelebi mi-
izidos da kidev erTxel gausvas xazi, rom
gamoiwvia t
qali sinamdvileSi kargi drostarebisaT-
vis daisaja. Tumca statia iqve miuTiTebs,
rom qals stabiluri urTierTobebi hqon-
msxverplis seqsualuri
Tavgadasavlebi da, mosiyvarule deda iyo da sulac ar
ainteresebda damatebiTi `seqsualur Tav-
n asvamma mkvlelma amoxoca oTxsuliani gadasavlebi~.
ojaxi mas Semdeg, rac lesboseli qalisa-

gan uari miiRo seqsualur winadadebaze,
_ ganacxades guSin sasamarTloSi. t sasamarTlo procesis gaSuqebis dros
nafic msajulebs acnobes, rom jar- Jurnalistma mkiTxvels unda warmoudgi-
TiT movaWre devid morisi gametebiT nos advokatisa da mowmeebis mier gamoTq-
muli mosazrebebi maSinac ki, Tu es mosaz-
urtyamda rkinis kets ganqorwinebul
rebebi mikerZoebuli da mcdaria. uaryo-
mendi fauers.
fis gamo Cadenil mkvlelobasa (rogorc
Semdeg igive gaimeora misi qaliSvi-
statiis pirveli winadadeba gvamcnobs) da
lebis, 10 wlis qeTis, 8 wlis emilisa da
saTaurSi gakeTebul daskvnas Soris, ro-
misi invalidi dedis, 80 wlis doris do- melic miuTiTebs, rom uaryofam rogor-
usonis mimarT, raTa arc erTi mowme ar Rac sisxlisRvra gamoiwvia, Zalze mcire
daetovebina cocxali. gansxvavebaa.
braldebis advokatis patrik haring- Tu msxverplis seqsualuri orienta-
tonis mier svansis sasamarTloSi war- cia unda aRiniSnos statiis dasawyisSive,
moTqmuli sityvebis Tanaxmad, Tavdasxma Jurnalisti valdebulia iqve miuTiTos,
imdenad sastiki iyo, rom TiToeul Tu ra roli Seasrula am faqtma mkvlelo-
msxverpls Tavis qala hqonda damsxvre- baSi. sxvamxriv, es mxolod pikanturi de-
uli, xolo qalbaton fauers 38 Wriloba tali iqneba da mkiTxvels ambis ukeT ga-
gebaSi sulac ar daexmareba.
hqonda miyenebuli. ès ubralo mkvlelo-
ba ar yofila, es iyo sasaklao~, _ ganac-
xada man.

122
sityva ìnvalidi~ Seuracxmyofelad iTv- `yoveli maTgans TavSi iseTi ZaliT
leba, radganac xazs usvams sisustesa da urtyes, rom aman Zvlebis umZimesi da-
uZlurebas. jobia aseT pirebs `SezRuduli zianeba gamoiwvia~.
SesaZleblobebis mqone~ an `Sromisuunaro~ àseve moepyrnen invalid bebiasac,
vuwodoT. u mwoliare doris dousons~.
`batonma haringtonma Tqva, rom 39
wlis morisi eloda, Tu rodis dabrun-
deboda 34 wlis qalbatoni faueri Tavis
SvilebTan erTad saxlSi Tavisi dis sax-
lidan, sadac bavSvebs uvlida 1999 wlis
ivnisSi~, _ ganacxada man _ ìgi Zlier
ganrisxda, rodesac qalbatonma fauer-
ma zizRiT uaryo misi SeTavazeba~, _ aR-
niSna advokatma.
igi aseve amtkicebda, rom samxreT
uelsis qalaq klaidaxSi mdebare saxlSi
mtkicebulebebis ganadgurebis mizniT
cecxlis gaCaRebamde morisma abazanaSi
Tavi wesrigSi moiyvana.
moriss aseve brali edeba qalbatoni
faueris cxedris SeuracxyofaSi, rome-
lic aRmoCenil iqna mexanZreebis mier
mas Semdeg, rac saxli cecxlis alSi ga-
exvia.
nafic msajulebs aseve acnobes, rom
gardacvalebamde cota xniT adre qal-
batonma fauerma `SemaSfoTebeli~ six-
SiriT gaaba lesbosuri urTierToba 32
wlis yofil policielTan, alison lu-
radganac arsebobs winaswarganwyoba gans- isTan.
xvavebuli seqsualuri orientaciis pirebis batonma haringtonma daadastura,
mimarT, gasakviri ar aris, rom policiis eW- rom Tavdapirvelad `mcdari eWvi~ mi-
vebi mimarTul iqna maTi cxovrebis intimur uTiTebda qalbatoni faueris lesbose-
detalebze, TiTqos aucileblad rame kav-
li Seyvarebulisa da misi qmris, 32 wlis
Siri unda iyos homoseqsualobasa da mkvle-
u policiis inspeqtorisaken.
lobas Soris.
2000 wlis ivnisSi daapatimres qal-
batoni luisi da jer kidev policiis
samsaxurSi myofi misi meuRle. advoka-
tis TqmiT, `racionalurad dasabuTe-

123
buli, magram usafuZvlo~ eWvebis safuZvelze
zedmiwevniT gaiCxrika maTi saxlebi, manqanebi da
tansacmeli. t Tu advokatma ganmarta, ras
morisi 2001 wlis martamde gamoZiebis obieqti efuZneboda `racionalurad da-
sabuTebuli~ eWvebi, garda wi-
ar gamxdara. policiis mier dakiTxvis dros is
naswarganwyobisa, kargi iqnebo-
ganuwyvetliv tyuoda da mcdar Cvenebas iZleoda
da, es axsna-ganmarteba stati-
mkvlelobebis Rames Tavisi gadaadgilebebis Se- aSi yofiliyo Setanili.
saxeb.
magram sasamarTlo eqspertizam daadgina, rom
qalbaton faueris saxlSi napovn oqros Zewkvze
saRebavis nawilakebi morisis samzareulos saRe-
bavs emTxveoda.
batoni haringtonis TqmiT, morisma Tavidan
uaryo, rom Zewkvi mas ekuTvnoda, Tumca sasamar-
Tlo procesis dawyebamde cota xniT adre aRiara,
rom Zewkvi SesaZloa misi yofiliyo.
nafic msajulebs isic uambes, rogor mouyva
morisi mkvlelobis momdevno dRes Tavis mego-
bars, rom mas urTierToba hqonda qalbaton fa-
uerTan da Zewkvi mis saxlSi darCa. man isic ki mo-
axerxa, rom Tavisi megobari axali Zewkvis yidvaze
daeTanxmebina.
svansis dablobSi mdebare kreig-kefn-parkSi
mcxovrebi morisi uaryofs oTxmag mkvlelobas da
sasamarTlo procesi, romelic, rogorc amboben,
14 kviras gastans, grZeldeba.
gazeTi `metro~,
londoni, didi britaneTi, 23 aprili, 2002 weli.

124
es statia seqsualur umciresobebs Tanamedrove cxovrebis sigiJed, aranormalurobis
gamoxatulebad da tradiciebis uaryofad miiCnevs. es, ra Tqma unda, Sexedulebaa, Tumca
ara erTaderTi. statia ise warmoaCens momRerals, TiTqos is aranormaluri adamiani
iyos, nacvlad imisa, rom dialogi gaabas misi grZnobebisa da mrwamsis Sesaxeb adamianTan,
romelic Tavis homoseqsualobas ar malavs.
10. b) ratom `daevasa~ biseqsual es saTauri TiTqos

gvixsnis skandalur mi-
jaba bojguas boris wifuria t

zezs, Tu ratom mos-
wons bojguas wifuria,
Tumca Semdeg aRmoCn-
ratom aris `poxondria dedofali~
deba, rom bojguas Ta-
momRerali jaba bojgua
visi kolega moswons
rogorc xelovani da
Tuki konkretuli yovelTvis zogadidan

ara rogorc mamakaci.
gamomdinareobs, maSin SeiZleba vTqvaT

ase _ jer mTeli msoflio SeiSala da
mere Cveni qveyana airia, ukompleqsobam
ra gasakviria, rom socialuri SezRudve-
da qaosma moicva yvelaferi. sazogado- bis Semcirebis pirobebSi bevri alterna-
ebis nawils warsuli aviwydeba, aviwy- tiul gzas irCevs? avtori ver ganasxva-
deba tradiciebi, romlebsac wlebis vebs aratradiciuli orientaciis qonas
ganmavlobaSi inarCunebda saqarTvelo. Tavisufali seqsisagan. mxolod is faqti,
ragind gasaocaric ar unda iyos, xal- rom piri cisferi, lesboseli an biseqsu-
xis didi nawili e.w. àratradiciul alia, ar niSnavs, rom maT sxvebze xSirada
seqss~ misdevs. t aqvT seqsualuri urTierTobebi.
aris erTi ubedurebac: ise gamoaSka-

ravda Tavisufali seqsi, ise aexada yve-
da kvlav, Jurnalisti ise ukavSirebs seq-
lafers farda da iseTi uinteresoba ga-
sualuri umciresobebis gamoaSkaravebas
mefda am sferos irgvliv _ aRarc mama-
seqsualuri SezRudvebis ararsebobas,
kacia dainteresebuli qaliT da aRarc TiTqos seqsualuri umciresobebi adre ar
qali mamakaciT. es sakmao mizezia imis- yofiliyvnen. rogorc Cans, avtors ar es-
Tvis, rom adamiani aratradiciuli seq- mis, rom aseTi cxovrebis wesi yvelTvis
siT dainteresdes. amis gamo gaxSirda arsebobda; ubralod, gansxvaveba is aris,
rom dRes xalxi ufro aSkarad laparakobs
ase hoseqsualizmis, lesboselobis an
t amis Sesaxeb.
biseqsualizmis SemTxvevebi.
adamiani, romelzec unda mogiT-
xroT, TurqeTis dedaqalaq ankaraSi po-

125
pularuli momRerali jaba bojgua
gaxlavT. t ramdeni wlisaa jaba? ras mReris? kargi iqne-
boda misi warsulis Sesaxeb raime informaciis
_ senakidan var warmoSobiT. amJa-
mowodeba, Tuki is Zalian popularuli ar
mad TurqeTis dedaqalaq ankaraSi
aris saqarTveloSi da mkiTxvelma yvelaferi
vmReri, da didi popularobiT vsar- ar icis mis Sesaxeb. is marTlac transseqsu-
geblob. gamocemuli maqvs albomebi. alia? am statiidan ase Cans, Tumca mTlad na-
_ jaba, Seafase Seni fizikuri mo- Teli ar aris. Jurnalists unda esmodes gans-
nacemebi xvaveba transseqsuals, transvestitsa da
_ var Zalian seqsualuri [`giJi homoseqsuals Soris. rogorc Cans, am SemTx-
kaci~, rogorc megobrebi miwodeben]. vevaSi Jurnalisti erTmaneTSi urevs maT. ho-
moseqsualebs moswonT Tavisive sqesis warmo-
maqvs gakeTebuli uamravi plastikuri
madgenlebi, transvestitebs uyvarT sapiris-
operacia mTel sxeulze, mxolod sas-
piro sqesis tanisamosis Cacma, transseqsu-
qeso organo ara maqvs moWrili. dun- alebs ki surT iyon sapirispiro sqesisa. bevri
dulebi davipatarave. transvestiti da transseqsuali sakuTar Tavs
_ jaba, gavrcelebuli informa- heteroseqsualad miiCnevs.
ciiT, gaTxovebas apirebdi da es
klub `neoSi~ unda aRgeniSnaT. dRes
ki Tavisufali xar. ra moxda, ratom
gadaifiqre?
_ Zalian `poxondria~ adamiani var.
im dRes, Cemi saqmro ar `damevasa~ da
t ar aris saWiro, rom jaba bojguas ise mivmar-
gavawbile.
ToT, rogorc qals.
jaba bojgua, anu `giJi kaci~, sami
dRis ganmavlobaSi monawileobda sa-
erTaSoriso festivalSi _ `simRera
samegreloze~, romelic xobis raionSi
gaimarTa, mowveuli iyo uamravi stu-
mari da TurqeTidan Camoiyvanes jaba
bojguac.
_ jaba, rogor Seafasebdi am
RonisZiebaTa cikls?
_ Zalian `damevasa~ RonisZiebis re-
Jisori, boris wifuria, radganac am
RonisZiebaze yvelaferi sainteresod
da lamazad iyo dadgmuli. scenas, ro-
melic fantastiurad iyo mowyobili,
Cemi seqsualuri manerebi da Cacma Za-
lian mouxda. batoni boria Zalian kar-
gi adamiania.

126
_ boria, rogorc mamakaci, ise gizidavs, Tu
rogorc xelovans, ise afaseb?
_ boria, rogorc mamakaci, albaT Cemze ufro-
sebs moswonT, amjerad vafaseb, rogorc xelovans.
_ nuTu Seni axloblebi ar gikrZalaven aseT
ra saqcielzea saubari? mas sit- u saqciels?
yvac ar uTqvams raime gansa- _ Tanamedrove ojaxSi var aRzrdili, ase rom,
kuTrebul saqcielze. problemebi ar meqmneba. sainteresoa, Tqven ratom
gikvirT ase Zalian? es Tqvens dabal doneze met-
yvelebs.
visze iyo igi gaTxovili? ra u _ gaTxovebaze aRar gifiqria?
moxda? kaci iyo Tu qali? kar- _ amaze jer ar vfiqrob, magram Tu gamoCnda
gi iqneboda, rom aReniSnaT. vinme, vinc momxiblavs, vifiqreb.
_ ise, Zalian seqsualuri ukanali gaqvs.
_ eg mec vici. rodesac ukanalis koreqcia ga-
vikeTe, Cemi sayvareli takoebi bankSi davazRvie.
_ dagegmili gaqvs Tu ara TbilisSi solo
koncertis gamarTva?
_ TbilisSi dagegmili maqvs solo-koncertis
gamarTva, romelic Zalian skandaluri iqneba.
_ skandaluri ras niSnavs?
_ saocrad magar formaSi viqnebi, fuSfuSa
samosSi. erTi sityviT, Zalian seqsualuri, kon-
certs ki seqssimbolos davarqmev.
_ Sens megobar, saSa somxiSvilze ras gvetyvi?
ra igulisxmeba am sityvebSi? u _ saSa Cemi megobari ara aris. is Cemi daqalia.
ra urTierToba aqvT maT erT-
maneTTan? P.S. jaba bojgua, am yvelafris Semdeg, marT-
lac rom saocrad `poxondria~ adamiania. igi nazi,
mokrZalebuli, sasiamovno manerebis mqone `giJi
kacia~. mas qalobamde, rogorc TviTon aRniSnavs,
mxolod sasqeso organo da wveris moSoreba aklia,
magram saocaria, rom is qalebsac etrfis. me am
masalas albaT `Wiris ofls~ vuwodeb da ar vici,
rogor gavocde. marto am sityvebis TqmaRa SemiZ-
lia: `sasaciloa, satirali rom ar iyos~.
gazeT `kviris saocrebis~ svetidan

127
Zalian xSiria moTxrobebi, romlebSic, bibliuri Tvalsazrisidan gamomdinare, homo-
seqsualoba dagmobilia. isini ar dagideven argumentebs, romlebic bevrma liberalma
qristianma da iudevelma Teologma SeimuSava, rom uareyoT tradiciuli Sexeduleba da
ganemartaT, Tu ratom movida am Sexedulebis gadasinjvis dro. calkeuli pirebi SesaZloa
ar daeTanxmon am argumentebs, magram maTi ubralod uaryofa da erTaderT argumentad
bibliis moyvana, mxolod imaT daarwmunebs, vinc am mosazrebas isedac eTanxmeba.
10. g) gazeT ìravnuqis svetidan~

5 agvistos episkoposTa daxu- arsad ar aris miTiTebuli, Tu romel religiur mim-
rulma sxdomam miiRo gasaoca-
dinareobazea saubari. da eWvgareSea, rom bevr somexs
ri gadawyvetileba niu hempSi-
warmodgenac ki ara aqvs, Tu sad mdebareobs niu hem-
ris episkoposad daeniSna aSka- pSiri da am Statis Sesaxeb araferi gaugia. amgvari
ra homoseqsuali, jim robert- detalebi Zalian mniSvnelovania, radganac swored
soni. Tumca yvelaferi ar t isini aniWebs ambavs siRrmesa da Sinaarss.
gviTqvams. es klerikali [ukac-
ravad am gamoTqmisaTvis] esw- t es sarkastuli gancxadeba winaswar gvamcnobs Jurna-
reboda episkoposTa Sexvedras listis damokidebulebas am gadawyvetilebisadmi. ra
Tqma unda, bevrad ufro advilia iyo sarkastuli,
Tavis partnior mark endrius-
vidre uSualod sakiTxze ifiqro da gaaanalizo rwme-
Tan erTad da kidevac ganacxa-
naTa cvalebadoba da amis gamomwvevi mizezebi.
da: ès marto Cemi ocnebis as-
ruleba ki ar aris, aramed ni-
Sania RvTisagan~. warmoudge-
nelia, rogor SeiZleba sasu-
liero pirma Tavs misces amg-
vari moqcevis ufleba maSin,
rodesac bibliaSi _ qristian-
TaTvis upirveles wignSi _ ho-
homoseqsualoba codvad aris miCneuli, Tumca aseve
moseqsualoba miCneulia erT- codvad miiCneva cxovrebis bevri sxva aspeqtic, ro-
erT udides da yvelaze dag- melsac dRes xalxi yuradRebas aRar aqcevs. xolo bev-
mobil codvad. t ri Tanamedrove Teologi bibliur debulebebs homo-
seqsualobis Sesaxeb ganixilavs im istoriul konteq-
stSi, roca es wignebi iwereboda da ar ganixilavs maT,
gazeTi ìravunq~,
rogorc mimdinare saukunisaTvis gankuTvnil kanons.
erevani, somxeTi,
ufro metic, radganac biblia moixseniebs seqss or
8 agvisto, 2004 weli. mamakacs Soris, magram ara or qals Soris, logikuri
iqneboda dagveskvna, rom lesboseloba RmerTis Tval-
Si gamarTlebuli yofila. Jurnalists am sakiTxTa-
gan arc erTi ar ganuxilavs.

128
129
11. politikuri opozicia da disidentebi

130
politikuri opozicia da disidentebi
m
ravalferovani politikuri Sexedulebebis damkvidrebisaTvis gzebis
gamonaxva, imis aRiareba, rom gansxvavebuli Sexedulebis gamoxatva sa-
moqalaqo sazogadoebis normaluri da bunebrivi elementia, postko-
munisturi qveynebis erT-erT udides sirTules warmoadgens. zog qve-
yanaSi amis miRweva ufro warmatebiT SeZles, zogan seriozuli nabijebi
gadaidga, rom opoziciuri partiebi da gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebis
mqone adamianebi umravlesobasTan Tanabar pirobebSi aRmoCeniliyvnen.
amave dros aRsaniSnavia, rom mraval qveyanasa da regionSi, es pro-
cesi jer ar dasrulebula. miuxedavad imisa, rom es qveynebi gansxvave-
buli azrebis mimarT tolerantulobisaTvis mzadyofnas acxadeben,
erovnuli da adgilobrivi mTavroba kvlav agrZelebs opoziciaSi myofi
moqalaqeebisaTvis politikuri, ekonomikuri da samarTlebrivi bari-
erebis Seqmnas, raTa maTTvis Zneli iyos sakuTari Sexedulebebis xmama-
Rali gamoTqma. zogjer im pirebs, romlebic xelisuflebis mier dasa-
xul kurss ar eTanxmebian, moRalateebad acxadeben da, SesaZlebelia,
danaSaulebrivi qmedebac ki dasdon bralad.
zogjer Jurnalistebi da masmediis saSualebebi ama Tu im mizeziT
sawinaaRmdego SexedulebaTa SezRudvas eTanxmebian. SesaZloa TviTo-
nac ganicdidnen xelisuflebisa da saqmiani wreebis interesebis ze-
wolas. anda, SesaZloa, Jurnalistebs gulwrfelad sjerodeT, rom am
dapirispirebaSi sazogadoebis meore mxaris monawileoba ukanonoa da
amis gamo Tavisi Sexedulebebis gamoTqmis ufleba ara aqvs. xSirad mas-
mediis saSualebebi mTavrobas emxrobian, Tumca isic SesaZlebelia, rom
Jurnalistebi, romlebic opoziciur Zalas warmoadgenen, movlenebis
oficialuri versiis gamoqveynebis xelis SeSlas Seecadon.
presis erT-erT umTavres rols debatebSi yvela dapirispirebuli
mxarisaTvis monawileobis saSualebis micema warmoadgens, an unda
warmoadgendes. amis misaRwevad gTavazobT ramdenime rCevas:
gadaxedeT arqivebs da gaarkvieT, masmediis mier gaSuqebul masa-

*lebSi rame xom ar aris gamorCenili? romelime erTi partiaze xom ar
aris yuradReba gamaxvilebuli? an mxolod garkveuli Sexedulebebis

131
mqone xalxi xom ar aris citirebuli? opoziciis liderebs an xelisuflebasTan
dapirispirebul sxva pirebs Tu miecaT SesaZlebloba, rom pasuxi gaecaT maT
winaaRmdeg gamoTqmul braldebebze? xom ar iqna xelisuflebis sawinaaRmdego
gancxadebebi sruliad ugulebelyofili?
mniSvnelovan sakiTxTa gaSuqebisas mxolod umravlesobis an xelisuflebis

*
SexedulebebiT nu SemoifarglebiT. Tu mTavroba raime nabijebs dgams an gancxa-
debebs akeTebs, monaxeT iseTi pirebi, romlebic ar eTanxmebian am politikas. eseni
SeZleba iyvnen sxva politikosebi an profesor-maswavleblebi, arasamTavrobo
organizaciebis, saqmiani wreebis warmomadgenlebi, Tundac ubralo gamvlelebi.
informaciis wyaroebis monaxvis mizniT iTanamSromleT opoziciis liderebTan,

*
daukavSirdiT maT da maTTan araoficialuri Sexvedrebi moawyveT, rom maTTvis
aqtualuri sakiTxebis Sesaxeb isaubroT, gaigoT maTi Sexedulebebi, ideebi da
rwmenebi. nu dappirdebiT, rom maT Sexedulebebs yovelTvis CarTavT Tqven mier
momzadebul masalebSi, magram mouwodeT, rom rogorc ki iseT SemTxvevas eqneba
adgili, romlis Sesaxebac komentaris gakeTebas isurvebdnen, aucileblad dagi-
kavSirdnen.
ecadeT, yuradRebiT gaaanalizoT mTavrobis mier SemoTavazebuli nebismieri

*
kanonproeqti Tu maregulirebeli gankarguleba. ecadeT gaarkvioT, vis SeiZleba
aZlevdes xels am kanonis miReba da vis _ ara, ris Semdegac aucileblad daukav-
SirdiT imaT, visac misi miReba SeiZleba xels ar aZlevdes. Seumowmeblad nu da-
eTanxmebiT xelisuflebis argumentebs, romlebic maT sakuTari politikis gasa-
marTleblad mohyavT.
nu aRwerT xelisuflebasTan dapirispirebulebs, rogorc `disidentebs~ an

*`disidenturi azrovnebis~ mqone xalxs. gaxsovdeT, rom pluralistur sazogado-
ebaSi, SexedulebaTa da politikur poziciaTa mravalferovnebis arseboba nor-
malur movlenas warmoadgens. isini, vinc mTavrobis politikas ar eTanxmeba, rac
ar unda Seurigebelni iyvnen, ar unda moeqcnen xalxis raRac gansakuTrebul ka-
tegoriaSi, rom Sexedulebis Tavisuflad gamoxatvis uflebiT sargebloba SeZ-
lon. ubralod arsebobs xalxi, romelic xelisuflebas ar eTanxmeba.
nu gaazviadebT partiebis an pirovnebebis poziciebs Soris arsebul gansxva-

*vebebs. Tavad xalxi, gansakuTrebiT ki politikosebi, xSirad azviadeben movlenebsa
da sakuTar rols am movlenebSi. es politikuri qulebis daweris da sakuTari
Tavis ufro Tavdadebul pirovnebad warmoCenis mizniT xdeba. rodesac raime mniS-
vnelovan sakiTxze werT, romlis Sesaxebac azrTa didi sxvadasxvaobaa, darwmun-

132
diT, rom yvela gansxvavebul pozicias akuratulad aRwerT da moerideT gamomwvev
ritorikas.
opoziciis liderebi da mTavrobis winaaRmdeg sxva gamomsvlelni, SesaZloa

*xelisuflebaSi myof Zalebze aranakleb dogmaturni da avtoritarulni iyon. mxo-
lod is, rom isini moqmed xelisuflebas upirispirdebian, sulac ar niSnavs, rom
xelisuflebis saTaveSi mosvlis SemTxvevaSi TviTon sxvagvarad imoqmedeben.
daupirispirdiT maT, rom xelisuflebis sawinaaRmdego SeZaxilebs miRma arsebul
programas gaecnoT. rogorc Jurnalisti, sakiTxis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis nebismi-
eri mxaris mier gakeTebul gancxadebebs skeptikurad unda miudgeT.

133
saswavlo masala
es statia pirdapir acxadebs, rom opoziciis gamosvlebi swori ar aris da yovelgvari
mtkicebulebis gareSe imeorebs alievis braldebas, rom farTo sazogadoeba maT mxars
ar uWers. ris safuZvelze akeTebs alievi am gancxadebas? arsebobs raime sazogadoebrivi
gamokiTxva, romelic mis mosazrebas daadasturebda? es aSkarad piradi dainteresebiT
gakeTebuli gancxadebaa, romelsac statiis avtori didi siamovnebiT imeorebs.
11. a) sul ar aris aucilebeli,

rom opoziciam Sekrebebi moawyos
saidin alievi: `sazogadoebrivi azri amis winaaRmdegia~
o poziciis mcdeloba, Sekrebe-

bis gziT SecdomaSi Seeyvana sa-
zogadoeba, uyuradRebod ar da- t sainteresoa, rogor SeiZleba Sekrebebis mowyobam
rCenila. parlamentis wevrma sa- SecdomaSi Seiyvanos sazogadoeba? es miCneulia si-
idin alievma ganacxada, rom opo- namdviled yovelgvari mtkicebulebis gareSe.
zicias sulac ar sWirdeba mitin-

gebis Catareba, radganac poli-
tikur partiebs SeuZliaT Tavi-
anTi Sexedulebebi presis saSu-
alebiT gaacnon sazogadoebas. t es Zalze saintereso da ironiuli gancxadebaa, rad-
marTebuli ar aris yvelafris ganac TviT es statiac savsebiT sakmarisia, rom opo-
ziciam moyvanili argumenti gaabaTilos. Tu presa
gamo mitingebis Catareba. s. ali-
ase xelmisawvdomia mTavrobis politikuri oponen-
evi Tvlis, rom sazogadoebas uar-
tebisaTis, maS ratom ar Cans maTi Sexedulebebi am
yofiTi damokidebuleba aqvs konkretul statiaSi? TavisTavad cxadia, rom ma-
aseTi mitingebisadmi: ùmjobesi Tac unda miscemodaT TavianTi azris gamoxatvis sa-
iqneboda opozicias yuradReba Sualeba.
gaemaxvilebina mTiani yarabaRis
problemaze. ukeTesi iqneba, Tu
alievis azriT, mitingebis Catarebas teritoriuli
isini saerTaSoroso organiza-
problemebis gadaWraSi monawileobis miReba ajo-
ciebs am konfliqtis mogvarebis
bebda. Tumca es ukanaskneli pirvels ar gamoric-
gzebs SesTavazeben.~ t xavs. kidev erTxel vimeoreb, araferia cudi imaSi,
rom Jurnalisti aSuqebs alievis braldebebs, Tumca
gazeTi òlailar~, aramarTebulad mimaCnia oponentebis gakritikeba
baqo, azerbaijani, ise, rom saSualeba ar misce maT pasuxi gascen maT
27 maisi, 2004 weli mimarT wayenebul braldebebze.

134
es statia patriotizmis viwro gagebas eyrdnoba da politikur oponentebs moRalate-
obaSi sdebs brals. avtors TiTqos sjera, rom patriotoba mTavrobisaTvis mxaris da-
Weras niSnavs, xolo moqmedi administraciis kritika, misi azriT, qveynis Ralatis tol-
fasia. statia kidev ufro amuqebs situacias, roca ambobs, rom opoziciaSi myofi poli-
tikosebi wyals asxamen somxeTis udidesi mtris, azerbaijanis wisqvilze. es gazeTis
mkiTxvelTa did nawilSi usaTuod risxvas gamoiwvevs gejamianisa da qoCarianis mimarT.
11. b) Cemi mtris mteri Cemi megobaria

Zveli msoflios, evropis istoria mdidaria
gmirobisa da moRalateobis uTvalavi magaliTe-
biT. isini ama Tu im gzas irCevdnen TavianTi
miznebis misaRwevad. da maT gmirebad an moRala-
teebad racxavdnen. yoveldRiurad aTasobiT
adamiani emateba Zvel msoflios da aTasi saqme
iwyeba da sruldeba. dRes istoriis borbali
brunavs, rom gvamcnos evropis sabWoSi mivleni-
li somxuri opoziciis ori warmomadgenlis mier
ganuxorcielebeli misiis ambavi (isini sakmaod
ugunurad dagvixates, rogorc gmirebi). am ada-
mianebs jer kidev aqvT Sansi daamtkicon, rom
isini xalxisa da qveynis interesebs TavianT inte-
resebze maRla ayeneben. amisTvis ki maT unda
eyoT vaJkacoba sajarod aRiaron TavianTi Sec-
domebi da Seurigdnen im azrs, rom maTi mcde-
loba, okeanisgaRmidan moeyvanaT megobari, amje-
radac uSedegod dasrulda. Tumca axla ukve uki-
duresad rTuli iqneba artaSes geRamianisa da Sa-
varS qoCarianisaTvis Turqebisa da azerbaijane-
lebis wisqvilze wylis damsxmelis saxelis moci-
leba, rac maT TavianTi samSoblos zianis miyene-
bis xelSewyobisaTvis daimsaxures evrosabWos t mTavrobasTan opoziciaSi yofna
saparlamento asambleis bolodroindel sxdo- an misi saqmianobis kritika qvey-
maze, maT, rogorc yovelTvis, azerbaijanelTa nis orgulobas an Ralats ar niS-
navs.
delegaciis mxardaWerac ki moipoves.
naTqvamia, Cemi mtris mteri Cemi megobariao.
es fraza zustad Seesabameba imas, rac artaSes
geRamianma, SavarS qoCarianma (somxeTis radika-

135
mainc ratom aris imis mtkiceba, rom opo-
Sekrebebi ukanono? luri opoziciis warmomadgenlebma) da ziciaSi myofi poli-
ra saxis antikonsti- azerbaijanelTa delegaciam ganaxorci- tikosebi da azerba-
tuciur saqmianobas ijanelebi urTierT-
eweodnen isini? sta- eles strasburgSi. maTi interesebi er- SeTanxmebulad moqme-
tia unda Seicavdes TmaneTs emTxveva, miuxedavad imisa, mos- deben, usafuZvlo da
konkretul magali- mdabali ciliswamebaa
Tebs. sxvanairad sa-
wonT Tu ara maT es. t da miznad isaxavs maTi
zogadoeba ver SeZ- Tavisi miznis, qveynis kanonieri xe- reputaciis Selaxvas.
lebs sinamdvilis da- Jurnalists rom war-
lisuflebis damxobis gansaxorcieleb- moedgina amis damamt-
dgenas. Tuki qmede-
bebi ukanono da an- lad radikaluri opozicia iyenebs iseT kicebeli masala, Se-
tikonstituciuria, saZloa es sakiTxi gan-
meTodebs, rogorebicaa ukanono Sek-
mkiTxvelebma unda xilvis Rirsi gamxda-
miiRon meti infor-
rebebi da antikonstituciuri saqmiano- riyo, isic mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, Tu opo-
macia, rom gadawyvi- u ba; sazogadoebrivi areuloba; sazoga-
ton, unda aikrZalos ziciaSi myof pirebs
doebisa da saerTaSoriso Tanamegobro- braldebaze pasuxis
Tu ara es qmedebebi.
bisaTvis araswori informaciis miwo- gacemis saSualeba mi-
ecemodaT. xolo mTe-
kvlav Cndeba SekiT- u deba. ufro metic, am meTods Zalian li argumentis im mo-
xva: ra saxis sazoga- praqtikuli gamoyeneba aqvs: rogorc sazrebaze ageba, rom
doebriv areulo- orive piri somxeTis
èrovnuli erTobis~ Tavmjdomarem ar- mTavrobis opozici-
basa da dezinfor- taSes geRamianma aRiara, isini videoka- oneria, sruli usamar-
maciazea saubari? Tlobaa.
setebs awvdian somxeTSi arsebul dip-
statiaSi mocemuli
lomatiur warmomadgenlobebs. rogorc t videokasetebs Tu kon-
unda iyos konkre- kretulad ras? ra
Cans, opoziciis warmomadgenlebma ram-
tuli magaliTebi. saxis saqmianobaze la-
sxvagvarad es yve- denime aseTi nimuSi strasburgSic Ca-
parakobs Jurnalisti
laferi mxolod Wo- itanes. Tumca evropis sabWom daadgina,
am SemTxvevaSi? gana ra
ria. rom isini e. w. `piratuli variantebia~ aris amaSi cudi? sa-
da ar gaaCniaT Sesabamisi licenzia. am- fuZvliani axsna-gan-
gvarad, batonma a. geRamianma da batonma martebis gareSe amgva-
S. qoCarianma ver SeZles TavianTi muxa- ri braldebis wamoye-
naTuri misiis Sesruleba, Cirqi moec- neba Zalian mdare Jur-
nalistikis maCvenebe-
da kvlav SekiTxva: u xoT sakuTari qveynisa da xalxisaTvis,
raSi gamoixateboda lia.
ramac aiZula isini sxva saSualebebi-
maTi muxanaToba? ub- saTvis miemarTaT. arc aman gamoiwvia is gaurkvevelia, romel
ralod mTavrobis sxva meTodebze lapa-
Sedegi, romelsac opozicia eloda, ro-
sawinaaRmdego masa- rakobs avtori. Jur-
gorc es evrosabWos saparlamento asam-
lebis warmodgena- nalistma isic unda
Si?
bleis rezoluciam gviCvena. miuxedavad t miuTiTos, romel re-
amisa, maTi saqmianoba maTTvis moucile- zoluciazea lapara-
bel stigmad iqca: èrovnuli erTobis~ ki. SesaZloa, zogier-
Ti mkiTxvelisaTvis
partiis liders ara aqvs sazogadoebaSi
nacnobi iyos mTeli
ganxeTqilebis danergvis ufleba. evro- istoria, magram eWv-
pas es SesanaSnavad esmis da amitomac ba- gareSea, rom umrav-
rieri aRmarTa maT win. artaSes geRami- lesobas amaze warmod-
genac ar eqneba.

136
ans, SavarS qoCariansa da radikaluri
opoziciis liderebs mxolod isRa dar-
CeniaT, gaacnobieron, rom moRalateTa
mier gaweuli samsaxuri, rac unda sixa-
ruliT miiRon igi, zurgs ukan mainc
dacinvis sagani gaxdeba. Tumca es mxo-
lod mciredi nawilia, radganac mo-
Ralateebi verasodes eRirsebian pati-
ebas verc imaTgan, visac isini samsaxurs
uweven da verc sakuTari xalxisagan.
amis dasadastureblad sakmarisia gasu-
li kviris bolos strasburgidan dabru-
nebuli Cveni delegaciis daxvedris
ceremonia. `grcxvenodeT, moRalate-
mxolod is faqti,
ebo!~, àrtaSes geRamiani... azerbaijanis
rom zogierTi moqa-
laqe moRalates uwo-
prezidenti~, _ am da sxva msgavsi warwe-
debs opoziciis li- rebiT Semkuli plakatebiT daxvda so-
derebs, ar niSnavs, mexi axalgazrdoba artaSes geRamiansa
rom es marTalia. u da SavarS qoCarians...
da kvlav SekiTxva:
P.S. guSin, presis Tavisuflebis dRi-
konkretulad ra ga-
sadmi miZRvnil preskonferenciaze,
daiRes? da rac un-
romelzec sityvis Tavisuflebis damc- da iyos, Tu es ase
velebma `haiastani hanrapetutiuni~ ar advilad xelmisawv-
miiwvies (sainteresoa, gaavrcela Tu ara domia opoziciis li-
es informacia batonma geRamianma sazR- derisaTvis, xom ar
vargareT), artaSes geRamianma kidev niSnavs, rom es su-
lac ar aris saidum-
erTxel aRiara, rom is ucxoeTis infor-
lo? Sesabamisad, ar
matoria. `yovel sam TveSi erTxel Cveni
SeiZleba Ralatad
operatori regularulad iRebda yve-
miviCnioT aseTi ma-
lafers da ugzavnida masalas evrosab- salebis ucxoele-
Wos wevri qveynebis yvela elCs.~ t bisaTvis miwodeba.
opoziciis aqtivistebi gamudmebiT
irwmunebian, rom sityvis Tavisufleba
safrTxeSia da rom maT saeTero dros
ar uTmoben. maS vin arian is òperato-
rebi~, Tu TviT èrovnul erTobas~ ara
aqvs sakuTari registrirebuli sain-
formacio saSualeba? suraTi maSinve
naTeli xdeba: opozicia uzrunvelyofs

137
pirs, romelic ar aris kameriani Jurna-
listi, SeimuSavebs gegmas da mere mTeli
evropis gasagonad gahyviris, rom somxeT-
Si JurnalistTa uflebebi irRveva. gana
SeiZleba partiis operatori Jurnalis-
tad miviCnioT? t igive SekiTxva SeiZleba daisvas am sta-
tiis avtoris mimarTac. SeiZleba adami-
batonma geRamianma guSindel preskon-
ans, romelic ase aSkarad uWers mxars
ferenciaze isic aRiara, rom is da misi
mmarTvel Zalas, Jurnalisti vuwodoT?
momxreebi finansdebian mewarmeTa mier, asec rom ar iyos, avtori aviTarebs hi-
romelTac garkveuli ganzraxva amoZ- poTezas, sinamdvileSi ra gziT moxda vi-
ravebT. ìsini awyoben CvenTvis Sexved- deomasalebis Segroveba da moxda Tu
rebs moskovSi, londonsa da venaSi.~ _ ara?
Tumca yvelaze sevdiani nawili man bo-

losTvis moitova: `miuxedavad maTi som-
xuri warmoSobisa, isini WeSmariti patri-
otebi arian.~ anu, a. geRamiani gulisx-
mobda, rom Tu adamiani somexia, is patri-
oti ar aris, xolo, Tu is uzrunvelyofs
dafinansebas, WeSmariti patriotia. yo- Jurnalistis msjeloba iseTive alogi-
t
kuria, rogorc es winadadeba: Tu ada-
velive amis Semdeg, gasakviri ar iqneba,
miani mxars uWers mTavrobas, is patri-
rom batonma geRamianma sixaruliT gamo-
otia, Tu ara da _ ara.
acxados, rom azerbaijanis navTobis ma-
ragi izrdeba. sxvaTa Soris, ukrainis
prezidentma, leonid kuCmam ganacxada,
rom azerbaijans arasodes hqonia navTo-
bi, riTac azerbaijanis politikuri fi-
gurebisa, da, SesaZloa, batoni geRami-
anisa da batoni qoCarianis risxvac ki ga-
moiwvia... t Jurnalistis es mcdeloba, kvlav azer-
baijanis saxels daukavSiros opoziciis
gazeTi `haiastani hanrapetutiun~, wevrebi, kidev erTi meTodia mkiTxvele-
erevani, somxeTi, 4 maisi, 2004 weli. bis maT winaaRmdeg asamxedreblad.

138
139
12. vizualuri masalebi

140
vizualuri masalebi
s
ityvebis msgavsad, fotoebi, romlebic statiebs axlavs Tan, umniSvne-
lovanes rols asrulebs informaciis miwodebis saqmeSi. gazeTSi
gamoqveynebul fotos Tu televiziiT naCveneb videoCanawers _ vizu-
alur elementebs _ mkiTxvelamde Tu mayureblamde Zlieri da, xSirad,
emociuri azris mitana SeuZlia. fotoebiT da kadrebiT gadmocemuli
ambiT gamowveuli Sedegebi, SesaZloa Tavad im xalxisaTvisac ki gauc-
nobierebeli iyos, vinc isini masalisTvis SearCia.
masalis ilustrirebisas gaxsovdeT, rom masSi warmodgenili saxeebi
SesaZloa didxans daamaxsovrdes mkiTxvelsa Tu mayurebels. maT teq-
sti SeiZleba sul ar waikiTxon da mxolod foto da saTauri SeamCnion.
ase rom, Zalze mniSvnelovania iseTi suraTebis SerCeva, romlebic
Tqven mier momzadebuli masalis suliskveTebas asaxavs da ar ewinaaR-
mdegeba imas, ris Tqmasac masaliT cdilobT.
ramdenime rCevas mogcemT, Tu rogor miaRwioT amas:
darwmundiT, rom suraTi statiaSi moTxrobili ambis arss miesa-

*dageba. zogjer metad Zlieri foto- an videokadrebic ki, mxolod
iribad ukavSirdeba masaliT warmodgenil sakiTxsa Tu movlenas. maga-
liTad, mSieri, mowyalebis mTxovneli ltolvilis saxem SesaZloa
bevrs simpaTia, sxvebs ki zizRi mohgvaros. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, is
Seuferebelia iseTi statiisaTvis, romelic politikuri TavSesafris
mZebnelTa mier ukeTesi sacxovrebeli pirobebis moTxovniT organi-
zebul gamosvlas aRwers.
Jurnalistma da fotografma winaswar unda ganixilon Tema da, Tu

*SesaZlebeli iqneba, erToblivad unda imuSaon. bevr gazeTSi Jurna-
listebi da fotografebi yuradRebas ar aqceven erTmaneTs da ar
axsovT sakuTari movaleobebi, romlebic, Tumca ki gansxvavdeba, magram
mainc mWidrodaa erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli. statiis avtorebi unda
acnobierebdnen, rom kargad ilustrirebul masalas bevri mkiTxveli
waikiTxavs. fotografs ki unda esmodes, rom saTanado teqsti misi
suraTebisaTvis aucilebel konteqsts qmnis.

141
ukeTesia, Tu Jurnalists, romelmac masala moamzada, sityva eTqmis fotoebis
*SerCevis saqmeSi, anda informirebuli mainc aris miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis
Sesaxeb. reportiorebi masalas yvelaze axlos icnoben. Sesabamisad, fotoebis
SerCeva maTTan konsultaciis gareSe statiis Sinaarsisa da miznis damaxinjebis
saSiSroebas qmnis.
*Tvissworad asaxavs kadrs qvemoT mocemuli teqsti suraTs? sailustraciod yovel-

jobia, rom kadrebs Sesaferisi teqsti daurToT, garda im SemTxvevebsa, ro-
desac TvliT, rom suraTze gamosaxuli auxsneladac gasagebia. Secdomebis Tavidan
acilebis mizniT, darwmundiT, rom statiis avtorma Jurnalistma is waikiTxa da
suraTebis teqsts eTanxmeba.
erideT iseTi fotoebis gamoqveynebas, romlebic mxolod stereotipebis gaZ-

*
lierebas Seuwyobs xels. amgvari suraTebis xilva mosabezrebelia da arc raime
SemecnebiT informacias Seicavs. yvelas unaxavs quCaSi Camwkrivebuli an kuTxeSi
naxevrad SiSveli meZavebis fotoebi. gacilebiT saintereso iqneboda iseTi fo-
tos xilva, romelic meZavs gansxvavebul konteqstSi, anda moulodnel situaciaSi
asaxavs _ universitetis auditoriaSi leqciaze yofnisas Tu saxlSi SvilebisaTvis
sadilis mzadebis dros.
fotoebis nu SecvliT, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca maTi xarisxis gaumjobeseba

*gsurT, anda romelime adamianis saxe unda dafaroT imisaTvis, rom SeuZlebeli
gaxdes misi amocnoba. dRes teqnologiurad Zalze iolia suraTebiT manipulireba
_ zogierTi konkretul piris amoWra an ori piris erTmaneTTan ufro axlos Casma.
es Zireulad ewinaaRmdegeba mTavar Jurnalistur princips _ informaciis akura-
tulad da gauyalbeblad miwodebas.
frTxilad moiqeciT gansakuTrebuli sisastikis amsaxveli suraTebis gamoq-

*
veynebisas, magaliTad, saomari moqmedebis dros momxdari Zaladobis, diskri-
minaciis Tu socialuri usamarTlobis asaxvisas. Tu movlenaTa amsaxveli vizu-
aluri masala mxolod xalxis daTrgunvas iwvevs da, amave dros, ar aiZulebs maT,
rom Cafiqrdnen, albaT ajobebs, rom gadawyvetileba SeicvaloT.

142
143
13. savarjiSo modulebi

144
savarjiSo modulebi
t reiningi mravalferovnebis gaSuqebaSi SeiZleba mokle iyos, magaliTad,

ramdenimesaaTiani. is SeiZleba xangrZlivic iyos da ramdenime dRes an
kvirasac gagrZeldes. SesaZlebelia is Jurnalistikis kursis nawils
warmoadgendes an SeiZleba calkeuli seminaris saxe hqondes. imis gamo,
rom misi Sinaarsi da struqtura monawile Jurnalistebis specifikur
saWiroebebzea damokidebuli, ar arsebobs raime mtkiced gansazRvruli
da swrafi wesebi, rogor unda warimarTos treiningi.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom moduliT midgoma, romelsac Cven gTava-
zobT, saSualebas aZlevs instruqtorebs, rom swored is elementebi
SearCion, romlebic ama Tu im konkretuli auditoriisaTvis yvelaze
sasargeblo da misaRebi iqneba. TiToeul modulSi wamoWrili yoveli
sakiTxi, SesaZloa, mokled an farTod iqnas ganxiluli. rogorc wesi,
naxevari dRe sakmarisia TiToeul modulSi ganxiluli sakiTxebis Se-
saswavlad.
diskusiis warmarTvisas ecadeT, rom magaliTebis rac SeiZleba
farTo speqtri gamoiyenoT. aseve SegiZliaT treiningis monawileTa
mier dawerili masalebis an regionalur gazeTebSi gamoqveynebuli
statiebis gamoyeneba. Tu mizanSewonilad CaTvliT, SegiZliaT saxelm-
ZRvaneloSi mocemuli saswavlo magaliTebic moiyvanoT. aseve gaxsov-
deT, rom modulebi erTmaneTze unda aewyos. TiToulma modulma xeli
unda Seuwyos rTuli Jurnalisturi problemebis Sesaswavlad saWiro
codnis aTvisebas.
aseve dagexmarebaT CamoTvlili miTiTebebi:

1. naxevardRiani seminaris SemTxvevaSi, ganixileT pirveli moduli
2. erTdRiani seminaris SemTxvevaSi, - pirveli da meore modulebi
3. ordRiani seminaris SemTxvevaSi, pirvelidan meoTxe modulis
CaTvliT
4. or dReze meti xangrZlivobis seminaris SemTxvevaSi yvela
moduli gaiareT
seminaris nebismieri xangrZlivobis SemTxvevaSi, mouwodeT monawi-

leebs, rom individualuri samoqmedo gegma SeimuSaon, romelic maT
mravalferovnebis gaSuqebaSi daexmareba.

145
seminariswina momzadeba
seminariswina davalebebi monawileTaTvis
seminaris xelmZRvanelma unda sTxovos seminaris TiToeul monawiles, rom qvemoT

CamoTvlili informacia seminaris Catarebamde 4 kviriT adre mainc moamzados.
masalebi seminaris Camtarebels unda gaegzavnos gadasamowmeblad da seminaris
mosamzadeblad.
monawilis gazeTis xuTi gamocema;

*
monawilis gazeTi(sagazeTo Jurnalistebis SemTxvevaSi), radio- an telearxis
*(satelevizio Jurnalistebis SemTxvevaSi) mier momzadebuli iseTi masala, statia
an videoCanaweri, romelsac monawile kargad momzadebulad, kargad dawerilad
da obieqturad miiCnevs;
monawilis gazeTis, radio- an telearxis mier momzadebuli iseTi masala _

*statia an videoCanaweri, romelsac, monawilis azriT, mravalferovneba aklia
sakiTxis an movlenis gaSuqebisa da redaqtirebis TvalsazrisiT.
TiToeulma monawilem unda moamzados Semdegi monacemebi:
mis siaxloves sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufebisa da mosaxleobis raodenobis Se-

*saxeb;
mosaxleobaSi 25 wlamde, 25-dan 40-mde, 41-dan 60-mde da 60-ze ufrosi asakis

*
pirebis procentuli raodenobis Sesaxeb;
mis siaxloves mcxovreb mosaxleobaSi qalebis procentuli raodenobis Sesaxeb.

*
seminariswina Sefaseba seminaris xelmZRvanelis mier
seminaris gaxsnamde xelmZRvaneli yuradRebiT unda gaecnos monawileTa mier
mowodebul masalebsa da demografiul monacemebs. man unda Seafasos ama Tu im
masalis Zlieri da susti mxareebi. xelmZRvanelma masalaSi miuRebeli enis iseTi
magaliTebi unda moZebnos, romlebic mosaxleobis romelime nawils SeiZleba
Seuracxmyofelad miaCndes. statiebSi moiZieT stereotipebis gamoyenebis maga-
liTebi. xelmZRvanelma mowodebuli masalebi monawilis siaxloves mcxovrebi
mkiTxvelis poziciidan unda ganixilos.

146
seminaris xelmZRvanelma masalebis Zlieri da susti mxareebi qvemoT CamoTv-
lili kriteriumebis mixedviT unda gansazRvros:
1. romelime eTnikur an rasobriv jgufTan dakavSirebuli problemebis gaSuqebi-

sas masalaSi gamoyenebuli ena da toni.
gazeTSi gaSuqebulia dapirispireba, romelSic sazogadoebis zogierTi rasob-
rivi da eTnikuri jgufi monawileobs, magram imave eTnikuri jgufebis monawileoba
dadebiT, produqtiul da sasargeblo sazogadoebriv procesebSi ar gaSuqebula.
2. masalebSi erTi kviris manZilze gamoqveynebul Cadenil danaSaulebaTa Sesaxeb,

ZiriTadad erTi romelime rasobrivi an eTnikuri jgufis wevri borotmoqmedebi
arian gaSuqebulni.
danaSaulSi eWvmintanilTa aRweriloba erTi romelime rasobrivi an eTnikuri
jgufis zogad niSnebs asaxavs, imis magivrad, rom ufro specifikur detalebze
iyos yuradReba gamaxvilebuli. magaliTad: `saSualo simaRlis Savkaniani mama-
kaci~, imis magivrad, rom eWvmitanilis garegnobis aRwerilobaSi misi Cacmulobis
detalebi yofiliyo moxseniebuli.
3. cudi redaqtireba
gazeTebis, radiosa da teliviziiT gasul masalebSi romelime eTnikuri jgufi,
xanSi Sesulebi, invalidebi an qalebi uxeSi da stereotipebiT gajerebuli eniT
xom ar arian gaSuqebulni?
4. adgilobrivi saSualebebiT arasakmarisi gaSuqeba

gazeTebi, radio da televizia Tu moicavs sakmaris masalebs adgilobrivi movle-
nebis Sesaxeb, romlebSic eTnikuri an rasobrivi jgufebi, xanSiSesulebi, invali-
debi da qalebi iReben monawileobas?
5. eTnikuri sazogadoebis araadekvaturi gaSuqeba

aSuqeben Tu ara gazeTebi, radio da televizia specifikur eTnikur jgufebs an
religiur umciresobebs? Tu aSuqeben, maT mimarT kliSeebi, stereotipebi da
Seuracxmyofeli maxasiaTeblebi xom ar aris gamoyenebuli?
6. yoveldRiuri gaSuqebisas eTnikuri jgufebis warmomadgenlebis gancalkeveba

aSuqeben Tu ara gazeTebi, radio da televizia gansxvavebuli religiuri
mrwamsis, sxva eTnikuri an rasobrivi warmomavlobis saqmian xalxs, eqimebs,
advokatebs da profesor-maswavleblebs? midian ara maTTan iseT sakiTxebze
sakonsultaciod, romlebic maT rasas, eTnikur warmomavlobas an religiur
mrwamss sulac ar exeba? sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis nebismieri sferos Sesaxeb
momzadebul masalebSi informaciis wyarod qalebi Tu yofilan gamoyenebulni?

147
magaliTi: statia adgilobrivi saavadmyofos eqimebis Sesaxeb, romlebic saubroben
imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra sWirdeba fexmZime qals janmrTelobisaTvis da Tu raoden
mniSvnelovania perinataluri (mSobiarobis wina) movla. aris Tu ara masalaSi
moyvanili qali an religiuri Tu eTnikuri umciresobis warmomadgeneli eqimebis
Sexedulebebi?
7. movlenaTa amsaxveli suraTebi arasakmarisad aSuqebs qalebis, umciresobaTa

da `sxvaTa~ saxeebs
gazeTebiT, radioTi da televiziiT yoveldRiurad gasul masalebSi aris Tu
ara umciresobebis warmomadgenelTa, qalebis, xanSi SesulTa an invalidTa sura-
Tebi?
magaliTi: fotosuraTi, romelzec eqimebi ukeTesi perinataluri movlis saWi-

roebaze saubroben. vin aris suraTze gamosaxuli? mamakaci Tu qali? iqneb eTni-
kuri umciresobis warmomadgeneli eqimia? invalidi eqimis suraTze ras ityodiT?
seminaris xelmZRvanelma magaliTebi monawileTa mier mowodebuli masalebidan

unda SearCios da momdevno modulebSi gamoiyenos. Tu seminariswina Sefasebis
dasruleba ver xerxdeba, TiToeuli moduli damatebiT masalebs Seicavs, romle-
bic SeiZleba magaliTebad iqnas gamoyenebuli.
seminaris xelmZRvanelma unda SeimuSaos masalebis Segrovebis meqanizmi, rom
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Semdgom seminarebze magaliTebad gamoiyenos, isini.
8. istoriuli konteqstis ararseboba iseT magaliTebSi, sadac religiuri mrwamsi,

rasobrivi an eTnikuri warmomavloba masalis elementebs warmoadgens.
im masalebSi, romlebic religiur mrwamss, rasobriv an eTnikur warmomavlobas
exeba, ganixilaven Tu ara gazeTebi, radio da televizia sakiTxTa an movlenaTa
istoriul konteqsts? da Tu es asea, visi istoriaa aRwerili? rogor gavarkvioT,
Seesabameba Tu ara is sinamdviles da Seefereba Tu ara is masalas?
monawileTa mier mowodebuli masalebi, mkiTxvelis analizTan erTad, seminaris
an treiningis msvlelobisas xelmZRvanelis monawileobisa da jgufuri diskusi-
ebis warmarTvisaTvis aucilebel elements warmoadgens.

148
moduli 1: mravalferovneba istoriis winaaRmdeg
mizani: winamdebare modulSi or axal cnebas gagacnobT. esenia, `gancalkeveba~
da `SemoerTeba~ [CarTva]. pirveli termini gulisxmobs raime niSniT gamorCeuli
xalxis jgufis an jgufebis sazogadoebisgan gancalkevebas, izolirebasac ki. me-
ore cneba pirvelis antonimia da gancalkevebiT mdgomi jgufis sazogadoebasTan
SemoerTebas, integracias aRniSnavs.
modulis mizania, rom seminaris monawileebma Cvens sazogadoebaSi raime niSniT
gamorCeuli xalxis sazogadoebisagan gancalkevebis istoriisa da am fenomenis
sazogadoebis ganviTarebaze gavlenis ganxilva SeZlon. TiToeulma monawilem
unda gadaxedos istorias da SeZlos, rom misi saqmianobis farglebSi CaerTos
SemoerTebis axali modelis CamoyalibebaSi.
principi: masmediis saSualebebs SeswevT Zala, rom movlenebis swori da miuker-

Zoebeli gaSuqebis saSualebiT marTebulad warmarTon sazogadoebrivi diskusia.
Sedegi: sazogadoebis yvela segmenti monawileobas miiRebs mravali jgufisaTvis

istoriul sinamdviled qceuli realuri da cnobieri izolaciis SemsubuqebaSi.
aTwleulebis manZilze masmediis yvela erSi arsebobs jgufebi, rom-

roli sazogadoebebs Soris qveynis Sig- lebic ZiriTadi masis nawilad ar miaC-
niT Tu erebs Soris momxdar konfliq- niaT. afrikis, karibis kunZulebis, samx-
tebSi araerTxel gamxdara kvlevis sa- reT aziis yofili koloniebidan did
gani. aseve araerTxel gaweula rekomen- britaneTSi Camosuli emigrantebi aTw-
dacia, rom es roli unda Seicvalos. leulebis manZilze gamoTqvamdnen uk-
mniSvneloba ara aqvs, ras exeba diskusia mayofilebas sazogadoebisagan gancal-
_ SesaZloa igi axali emigrantebis an kevebis, maT mimarT arsebuli stere-
didi xnis win dasaxlebuli eTnikuri otipebis da TeTrkaniani mosaxleobisa-
jgufebis Sesaxeb iyos. qveynis mosaxle- gan zizRis gamo. evropeli erebi, uar-
obaSi garkveuli gagebis CamoyalibebaSi yofiTad Sexvdnen koloniebis mcxov-
Jurnalistebma Tavisi roli unda Seas- rebTa maT miwaze gadmosaxlebas, miwaze,
rulon. isini unda grZnobdnen, ra gav- romelTanac istoriuli realiebis ga-
lenas axdens eris ganviTarebaze wlebis mo saerTo ena akavSirebdaT. yofil ko-
manZilze mcxovrebi umciresobebis loniaTa mcxovreblebma maleve aRmo-
kultura da qveynis mosaxleobis Semad- aCines, rom, samwuxarod, saerTo ena
genlobaSi mimdinare cvlilebebi. sruliadac ar niSnavs stumarTmoyvare
daxvedras.

149
evropis mraval sxva qveyanaSi emig- bis~ moTxovniT gamova. maTma moTxov-
ranti mosaxleobis gamoCenas mravali nebma SesaZloa iseTi reaqcia gamoiwvi-
gaugebroba da undoblobis gaCena os, romelsac SeiZleba ufro meti ukma-
mohyva. sanam mniSvnelovani konfliqti yofileba, mouTmenloba, metad gancal-
ar moxdeba, am sakiTxebis Seswavla da keveba an sulac sastiki konfliqti moh-
gadawyveta aravis mosdis azrad. amave yves.
dros, bevr qveyanaSi gansxvavebuli kul- masmedia gadamwyvet rols asrulebs
turis xalxis gancalkeveba ucvlelad istoriuli gancalkevebiT gamowveuli
mimdinareobs ukve saukuneebis manZil- daZabulobis SesustebaSi. informaciis
ze. Tavisufali moZraobiT, debatebisaTvis
reportiorebi, iseve rogorc mosax- usafrTxo adgilis SeqmniT, ragind
leobis sxva nawili, bevri ramisaTvis cxare debatebic unda mimdinareobdes,
moumzadebelni arian. isini ver axerxe- masmedia nebismier adamians maTSi mona-
ben istoriuli movlenebis mokrebasa da wileobis saSualebas aZlevs. xalxs sa-
asaxvas, raTa amiT xeli Seuwyon sazo- Sualeba aqvs, rom CaerTos masmediis
gadoebrivi cnobierebis Camoyalibebasa mier gaSuqebuli sazogadoebrivi cxov-
da tolerantulobis damkvidrebas. rebis umniSvnelovanes sakiTxebSi. yve-
JurnalistebisaTvis araerTxel daud- la jgufis CarTva iseTi socialuri sa-
viaT brali sazogadoebis danawevre- kiTxebis yoveldRiur gaSuqebaSi, ro-
baSi, konfliqtebisa da zizRis gaRvi- gorebicaa: jandacva da socialuri uz-
vebaSi. es imis gamo xdeba, rom movle- runvelyofa, ekonomika, ganaTleba da
nebis gaSuqebisas Cven ver SevZeliT is- ojaxuri cxovreba pirveli nabijia maTi
toriuli sinamdvilis gadmocema. SemoerTebisken. swored yoveldRiuri
sazogadoebaTa gancalkevebam daRi cxovrebis gaSuqeba aZlevs Jurnalis-
mTel msoflios daasva. ar darCenila tebs im iSviaT SesaZleblobas, rom mra-
qveyana, romelSic konfliqtebs ar eCi- valferovani sazogadoeba aSenon, rom-
na Tavi. am konfliqtebis mizezi is gans- lis safuZvelic dapirispireba ar iqne-
xvavebebia, romlebic xalxebs Soris ar- ba.
sebobs, da romlebic, gvgonia, rom me- Jurnalistebi Cveni sazogadoebis
zoblisgan gamogvarCevs. cxovrebis mematianeni unda gaxdnen.
dRes Cvens sazogadoebaSi, SesaZloa, maT SesaZlebloba eZlevaT xalxSi ia-
bevrma ar icodes gancalkevebis dawye- ron, Seagrovon informacia da faqtebi,
bis istoriuli mizezi. amave dros, yve- romlebsac xalxis cxovrebis Sesaxeb
lam kargad icis, rom es fenomeni sazo- daweril masalebSi Caaqsoven. Jurna-
gadoebrivi cxovrebis ganuyofeli nalistebs SeswevT Zala, rom miukerZo-
wilia. umciresobaSi moxvedrilebi Se- eblad Seqmnan sazogadoebrivi disku-
umCnevelni arian. adre Tu gvian es xal- siis SesaZlebloba, romelic gansxvave-
xi ukmayofilo gaxdeba aseTi mdgomare- bul sazogadoebebs Soris saerTo inte-
obiT da sazogadoebasTan `SemoerTe- resebis moZiebas Seuwyobs xels.

150
magaliTi: gazeTis Jurnalisti wers odesme Tu gimuSaviaT masalaze gan-
statiebis serias erT-erTi qalaqis
*sxvavebuli eTnikuri, religiuri an ra-
ekonomikuri sirTuleebis Sesaxeb. igi sobrivi warmomavlobis xalxis Sesaxeb?
yovel Rones xmarobs, rom informaciis ra iyo yvelaze Zneli am masalis momza-
wyaroebi eZios religiuri, eTnikuri, debisas? ra reaqcia gamoiwvia man im
rasobrivi jgufebis warmomadgenlebs pirsa Tu pirebSi, romlebic masalaSi
Soris, aseve moxucebulebsa da ekono- gamoyenebuli informciis wyaroebs
mikur siduxWires SeWidebul qalebs warmoadgendnen?
Soris. maT Soris wyaroebis yuradRebiT
SerCeviT Jurnalisti mkiTxvelTa erT- gamoiyeneT Tu ara Segrovili in-
gvar erTian jgufs ayalibebs. am jguf-
*
formacia masalaSi? iyo Tu ara es ma-
Si Semaval mkiTxvels saSualeba aqvs da- sala mxolod erTi konkretuli eTni-
inaxos, rom bevri saerTo aqvs im xal- kuri Tu rasobrivi jgufis Sesaxeb? iq-
xTan, romelic gansxvavebulad miaCnda. neboda Tu ara masala ufro efeqturi,
ganxiluli sakiTxebi erTze meti eTni-
seminaris xelmZRvanels kuri warmomavlobis jgufs rom Sexe-
monawileTa mier seminaris dawyebam- boda?
*
de mowodebuli masalebidan SearCieT
iseTebi, romlebic sakiTxTa an movle- Semdeg, xelmZRvanelma meore magaliTi
naTa amgvari `SemaerTebeli~ gaSuqebis unda warudginos monawileebs, romleb-
magaliTebad gamodgeba. sac isini sam-oTxkacian jgufebSi gani-
xilaven. TiToeulma jgufma unda Se-
monawileebs sTxoveT, rom imsje- imuSaos iseTi gaSuqebis gegma, romelic
*
lon, rogor SeiZleboda masalebis ise `SemoerTebas~ gaaumjobesebs.
momzadeba, rom isini ufro `SemaerTe- seminaris xelmZRvanelma unda sTxo-
beli~ yofiliyo. ra unda gaakeTos re- vos TiToeul jgufs, rom maT modulis
portiorma gaSuqebis mravalferov- ganxilvis mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb,
nebis gasaumjobeseblad? sul cota, sami daskvna Camoayalibon. es
`naswavli gakveTilebi~ CamowereT da
pirvel diskusiaSi mTelma jgufma un- seminaris oTaxis kedlebze gaakariT.
*
da miiRos monawileoba. rodesac mona- seminaris xelmZRvanelma garkveviT un-
wileTagan pasuxebs miiRebs, seminaris da aRniSnos, rom `SemoerTebis~ proce-
xelmZRvanelma unda hkiTxos maT gark- sebi Jurnalistebs istoriis mematianis
veul jgufebTan urTierTobis gamocdi- rolis SesrulebaSi daexmarebaT. amave
lebis Sesaxeb im magaliTis mixedviT, dros maT saSualeba eZlevaT, rom mom-
romelic diskusiis sagans warmoadgenda. xmarebels sazogadoebis obieqturi,
monawileTaTvis dasasmel kiTxvaTa amomwuravi da yovlis momcveli saxe
ramdenime magaliTi: daanaxvos.

151
Canawerebze dayrdnobiT yovelma
monawilem unda SeZlos erTi samoqmedo
nabijis warmodgena, romelic maT mier
movlenaTa da sakiTxTa gaSuqebas axal
istoriul konteqsts SesZens. yovel mo-
nawiles sruli warmodgena unda hqon-
des momdevno nabijis Sesaxeb. seminaris
xelmZRvanelma unda mokribos konkre-
tuli azrebi, romlebsac TiToeuli
monawile momavalSi gamoiyenebs. winam-
debare saxelmZRvanelos boloSi moce-
mulia samoqmedo nabijebis forma.

152
moduli 2: ra aris axali ambebi?
mizani: mravalferovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT ra SeiZleba warmoadgendes axal am-
bebs.
principi: mravalferovneba da sazogadoebis umciresobebis warmomadgenlTa xmebi

amdidreben da acocxleben sazogadoebis, rogorc erTi mTlianis gaSuqebas.
yvelam icis raRac ambavi, magram yvela ratom? imitom, rom am gansazRvrebas
ambavi axal ambebSi ver Seva! mravali fena aqvs. TiToeuli Cvengani
imisaTvis, rom ganvsazRvroT, Tu ra sakuTari istoriuli gadasaxedidan
SeiZleba warmoadgendes axal ambebs, uyurebs mas, rom gansazRvros, warmo-
unda davsvaT zemoaRniSnuli kiTxva. adgens Tu ara romelime konkretuli
seminaris xelmZRvaneli svams kiT- movlena axal ambebs, romlebic unda
xvas: rogor gansazRvravT axal ambebs? gaSuqdes da mkiTxvelsa Tu mayurebels
miewodos.
seminaris xelmZRvanels Jurnalistikis ZiriTadi elemen-
TiToeul monawiles vTxovoT, rom tebi: gansazRvrebebi, romlebic yvela-
*furcelze daweros axali ambebis gan- ze xSirad gvxvdeba:
sazRvreba. rodesac monawileni weras
daasruleben, TiToeuli unda adges da reportioris SexedulebiT mkiTxve-
sakuTari pasuxi warmoadginos, rome-
*lisaTvis mniSvnelovani movlenebis Se-
lic seminaris xelmZRvanelma unda Ca- saxeb sazogadoebis informireba.
iweros.
oficialuri informaciis miwodeba
SegiZliaT monawileebis mier moce-
*sazogadoebis sxvadasxva wyarodan.
*muli gansazRvrebebi qaRaldis did
furclebze CamoweroT da oTaxSi gamo-
akraT, raTa am savarjiSos dasrulebis-
*da aRvweroT is, rac, reportiorebisa
redaqtorebis azriT, mniSvnelovan
Tanave yvelam kargad dainaxos isini. ar informacias warmoadgens da mkiTxvels
aris saWiro, rom furcelze gansazR- unda miewodos.
vrebasTan erTad monawilis saxelic
eweros. seminaris xelmZRvanels:
monawileebs kiTxva dausviT: `dami-
rogorc es savarjiSo gviCvenebs, bevrs
*saxeleT is axali elementebi, romlebic
sakmao Zalisxmeva sWirdeba, rom gansaz- axali ambebis gansazRvrebis nawils un-
Rvros, Tu ra warmoadgens axal ambebs. da warmoadgendes. gaiTvaliswineT, rom

153
aRvniSnoT, Tu ra didi mniSvneloba aqvs axali ambebi aris:
gaSuqebisas mravalferovnebas da Semo-
erTebas~? ara marto im adamianebis gaSuqeba,
yoveli Cvengani, axal ambebs sakuTa-
*romelTa gamoCenac axal ambebSi ukve
ri cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis safuZ- tradiciad iqca, an cnobili biznesme-
velze gansazRvravs. Jurnalisti, rome- nisa.
lic invalid bavSvs zrdis, am sakiT-
xebTan dakavSirebul masalebs ufro magaliTi: masalad axali ambebisaTvis
Sesaferisad CaTvlis axali ambebisaT- SeiZleba gaxdnen mcire biznesis warmo-
vis, vidre is, romelsac invalidTan madgenlebi, an qalebi, romlebic xalxs
cxovreba arasdros gamoucdia. adamians, asaqmeben, wvlili SeaqvT ekonomikis
romelsac moxucebulze zrunva uwevs, ganviTarebaSi da inovaciur ideebs ner-
es konkretuli Tema ufro miaCnia axali gaven.
ambebisaTvis Sesaferisad, vidre mas, vi-
sac moxucebulze arasodes uzrunia. axali ambebi piradul xasiaTs unda
*atarebdes, rom maTSi xalxma TavisTvis
seminaris xelmZRvaneli kiTxulobs: ra aqtualuris danaxva SeZlos.
gavlenas axdens Cveni piradi gamocdi-
leba Cven mier axali ambebis gansazRv- axali ambebi unda warmoadgendes
rebaze? ra elementebs daamatebdiT
*Cveni sazogadoebis Secnobis saSuale-
axali ambebis gansazRvrebas sakuTari bas, misi uflebebis, valdebulebebis da
gamocdilebis, eTnikuri warmomavlo- mis wevrTa SesaZleblobebis gagebis sa-
bis, asakis, rasobrivi warmomavlobis, Sualebas.
religiuri mrwamsisa da sqesis gaTva-
liswinebiT? am sakiTxze saerTo jgufSi axali ambebi unda iyos aqtualuri.
SeiZleba diskusiis gamarTva. aseve Se-
*
giZliaT, monawileni mcire jgufebad seminaris xelmZRvanelma unda hkiTxos:
dayoT. TiToeul jgufSi erTma monawi- ras fiqroben jgufis wevrebi imis Sesa-
lem pasuxebi unda Caiweros da disku- xeb, razec wuxel saRamos Tavisi ojaxis
siis dasrulebis Semdeg jgufs moaxse- wevrebTan isaubres; razec sauzmobisas
nos. an sadilobisas isaubres? ram moaxdina
Semdegi gancxadebebi SesaZloa gamo- maTze gansakuTrebuli STabeWdileba,
yenebul iqnes monawileTa diskusiaSi rodesac isini, rogorc sazogadoebis
Cabmis mizniT, rac miznad isaxavs axali Cveulebrivi wevrebi da ara Jurnalis-
ambebis gansazRvrebis povnas mravalfe- tebi, Cveuli saqmianobiT iyvnen dakave-
rovan sazogadoebaSi, sadac mravalfe- bulni?
rovneba Cven mier sazogadoebisaTvis hkiTxeT monawileebs, rogor esmiT
miwodebuli informaciis ganmsazRvrel maT Semdegi fraza: àxali ambavi arsebi-
elements warmoadgens. Tad mniSvnelovani unda iyos~ da rogor

154
Seesabameba mravalferovaneba mudmivad seminaris xelmZRvanels
cvalebad msoflioSi, regionSi, saxel- seminaris xelmZRvanelma monawileebi
mwifosa da sazogadoebaSi, romelSic aqtualurobis Sesaxeb diskusiaSi unda
isini muSaoben, Jurnalistis daniSnu- Caabas. aqtualuri visTvis? gansxvave-
lebis maTeul gagebas. ra Rirebule- bulia Tu ara aqtualurobis xarisxi, im
bebia nagulisxmevi axali ambebis am bo- SemTxvevaSi Tu mkiTxveli qalia? Tu 65
lo gansazRvrebaSi? welze ufrosia, anda garkveuli eTni-
kuri warmomavlobisaa? SeecadeT, rom
seminaris xelmZRvanels waaxalisoT diskusia im mimarTulebiT,
mouwodeT, rom moiyvanon argumentebi, Tu ramdenad rTulia aqtualurobis
dasvan kiTxvebi da gabeduli gancxade- gansazRvra, rodesac saqme mravalfe-
bebi gaakeTon. diskusiidan gamomdinare, rovan mkiTxvels exeba.
seminaris xelmZRvaneli maTi enis re- diskusiis dasasruls seminaris xel-
daqtirebas da maT mier gakeTebuli ganc- mZRvanelma unda SeZlos Semajamebeli
xadebebis ukeT gamokveTas cdilobs. mo- puqtebis Camoyalibeba, Tu ra warmoad-
nawileTa diskusiaSi CarTvis mizniT Se- gens axal ambebs:
iZleba qvemoT CamoTvlili ramdenime
gancxadebis gamoyeneba. diskusia unda axali ambebis gansazRvrebebi unda
exebodes axali ambebis gansazRvrebas
*iTvaliswinebdes maT aqtualurobas
mravalferovan sazogadoebaSi. mraval- xalxis cxovrebaSi.
ferovneba xdeba am sazogadoebisaTvis
informaciis miwodebis elementi: aqtualurobis gansazRvra rTulia,
*radgan adamianis uamravi tipi arsebobs.
sazogadoebis mxolod erTi nawili masmediis mier mowodebuli informaci-
*ki ara, aramed yvela adamiani unda sar- is moxmarebisas maT aqtualurobis sa-
geblobdes samoqalaqo uflebebiT kuTari grZnoba aqvT.
samarTlianoba yvelasaTvis arse- kiTxvebi monawileTaTvis: ra ufro mar-

*bobs. Tebulia: aqtualurobis gansazRvra
mkiTxvelTa farTo masebis Sexeduleba-
seminaris xelmZRvanelma unda hkiTxos: Ta mixedviT, Tu xelmZRvanelobis mi-
rogor aris es Rirebulebebi warmod- TiTebebis mixedviT? Tu informaciis
genili Tqvens sazogadoebaSi? aris Tu mowodebisas status-kvos SenarCunebis
ara saerTo Rirebulebebi yvelasaTvis magivrad masalis aqtualurobaze vamax-
gankuTvnili? warmoadgens Tu ara zogi- vilebT yuradRebas, raime riski xom ar
erTi jgufi gamonakliss da SeiZleba es aris amaSi gazeTisaTvis an Jurnalisti-
faqti aSkara gaxdes sainformacio sa- saTvis?
Sualebebis kiTxvis, mosmenis an yurebis
Sedegad?

155
kiTxvebi monawileTaTvis: Tu yuradRe-
bas aqtualurobaze vamaxvilebT, ra
*Toaxali ambebis gacilebiT ufro far-
da yovlis momcveli xedvaa saWiro.
vuyoT im faqts, rom is, rac CemTvisaa
aqtualuri, SesaZloa TqvenTvis aqtu- kiTxva monawileTaTvis: ra iqneboda
aluri ar iyos? rogor avsaxoT Cvens imis ufro farTo da yovlis momcveli
masalebSi is, rac orive mxarisaTvis xedva, rac axal ambebad miaCniaT Tqvens
aris aqtualuri? gazeTSi, radiosa Tu telearxze?
imisaTvis, rom diskusia gagrZeldes,
axali ambebis sxva gansazRvrebebi: xelmZRvanels SeuZlia ikiTxos:
mcire da didi movlenebi, romlebic
*
Cveni cxovrebis Sesaxeb mogviTxroben,
Cvens droebas aRweren, da gvexmarebian
*vaniraskadrebis
fiqroben gazeTis mravalfero-
gavlenis Sesaxeb? _ mra-
kacobriobis istoriis codniT, tole- valferovanSi vgulisxmobT asakis, sqe-
rantobiTa da SecnobiT gagrZelebaSi. sis, eTnikuri warmomavlobis, religi-
uri mrwamsisa Tu seqsualuri orienta-
pirovnebis, jgufisa da sazogado- ciis niSniT mravalferovans.
*
ebisaTvis mniSvnelovani informacia.
radgan imis gansazRvra, Tu ra war-
yvelaferi, rac gavlenas axdens ada-
*
moadgens axal ambebs, gazeTebSi momu-
*
mianze. gana marTali ar aris, rom Sen- Save adamianebis mier xdeba, mravalfe-
Tvis axali ambavi is aris, rac gavlenas rovani kadrebis SemTxvevaSi axali am-
axdens Senze? es swored isaa, risi cod- bebic ufro mravalferovani iqneba.
nac gwadia, miuxedavad imisa, Sen mier
gancdili zegavlena emociuria, finan- ris Sesaxeb laparakobs xalxi?
suri Tu fizikuri. moxvdeba Tu ara es
*
axali ambavi gazeTSi, damokidebulia radganac axal ambebs warmoadgens is,
imaze, Tu ra aris yoveldRe da yoveli
*
ris Sesaxebac xalxi laparakobs, Cven
gazeTisaTvis prioritetuli. unda SevZloT imis gadmocema, ris Sesa-
xebac isini gazeTis TanamSromlebs esa-
rodesac gansazRvravT, Tu ra warmo- ubrebian. axali ambebi unda SevagrovoT
*
adgens axal ambebs, am dros yvela ada- mezoblebSi, kafeebSi, sasadiloebSi da
mianis individualur winaswarganwyobas gavarkvioT _ rame ufro mniSvnelovani
aqsovT sagazeTo masalaSi. Tu amgvarad sakiTxi xom ar ganixileba sazogadoebis
daiwyebT, axali ambebis gansazRvris sa- saubrebSi da rame xom ar gamogvrCa Cve-
kiTxsac ufro daqsaqsulad miudgebiT. ni gazeTis furclebze gamoqveynebul
Sedegad, yvela TavisTvis SearCevs da axali ambebSi?
gansazRvravs axal ambebs.

156
xelmZRvanelis mier seminaris Seja-
meba:
rogorc axali ambebis gansazRvris Se-
saxeb diskusiebidan vixileT, TiToe-
uli Jurnalisti gansxvavebuli kuTxiT
udgeba am sakiTxs. TiToeulma monawi-
lem axali ambebis gansxvavebuli gansaz-
Rvreba mogvca. TiToeulma Cvenganma
gansxvavebuli pasuxi gasca seminaris
msvlelobisas dasmul kiTxvebs.
yvela unda Cafiqrdes, Seesabameba
Tu ara axali ambebis Cveneuli gansazR-
vreba imas, rasac Cvens gazeTSi, radio-
sa Tu telearxze miiCneven axal ambebad.
da Tu ara, ra unda gakeTdes arsebuli
naklovanebebis gamosasworeblad? wax-
valT kompromisze? rogor unda miud-
geT mravalferovnebis sakiTxebs, rom
isini Cven mier momzadebul yvela masa-
las waadges? rogor unda miudgeT Se-
moerTebis da mravalferovnebis sakiT-
xebs, rom maTi mniSvneloba ufro maRal
doneze SevicnoT da Cvens organizaci-
ebsa Tu sazogadoebaSi axali ambebis
kulturis Secvla daiwyos?

157
moduli 3: ra aris mravalferovneba
da ratom aris mniSvnelovani?
mizani: ganisazRvros Jurnalisturi SesaZleblobebi, romlebic ufro mraval-
ferovan gaSuqebamde migviyvans.
principi: miuxedavad Cven Soris arsebuli eTnikuri, politikuri, asakobrivi,

sqesobrivi, religiuri Tu ekonomikuri gansxvavebebisa, yvelani sazogadoebis
wevrebi varT, romelSic vcxovrobT da vSromobT. yvelas gvaqvs survili, rom
sazogadoebis wevrebad gvTvlidnen.
mravalferovnebis gaSuqebam Cveni Ta- seminaris xelmZRvaneli svams kiTxvas:

nacxovrebis gzebi unda asaxos. igi Se- rogor fiqrobT, romel kritikul sa-
saZlebels xdis urTierTgagebas, to- kiTxebs ar aSuqebs masmedia?
lerantulobas da srulyofili sazo- seminaris xelmZRvanelma yvela pa-
gadoebrivi struqturis arsebobas. Se- suxi qaRaldis did furclebze unda Ca-
saZlebelia iyos debatebi, uTanxmoeba, moweros da yvelasaTvis TvalsaCino ad-
Tundac dapirispireba, magram, imavd- gilas gamoakras.
roulad, pativs unda scemdnen pirov-
nebebs, jgufebsa da sazogadoebebs So- seminaris xelmZRvanels:
ris arsebul gansxvavebebs. SesaZloa zogierTi pasuxi iseT Temebs
Tu adamianebi sakuTar Tavs masme- Seicavdes, rogorebicaa: romelime re-
diis saSualebebiT ver xedaven, isini gionSi arsebuli eTnikuri dapirispi-
ver igrZnoben, rom im sazogadoebis wevrebis istoria; eTnikuri dapirispire-
rebi arian, romelSic cxovroben. Tu bis an rasobrivi dayofis waqezebis po-
Jurnalistebs surT, rom mTeli sazo- litika; eTnikuri, rasobrivi da reli-
gadoeba gaaSuqon, maT unda SeimuSaon giuri gansxvavebebis mimarT Seurigeb-
gzebi, romliTac sazogadoebis yvela lobis politika.
wevris asaxvas moaxerxeben.
uaxlesi istoria cxadyofs, rom mra- seminaris xelmZRvanels SeuZlia sTxo-
val qveyanaSi, sadac saxelmwifo poli- vos jgufis wevrebs, rom CamoTvalon
tikas aSuqebdnen, magram gansxvavebuli imis magaliTebi, Tu rogor uwyobs mas-
Sexedulebebis mqone xalxs sakuTari media xels sazogadoebis ganmtkicebas
azris gamoTqmis saSualeba ar eZleoda, an dasustebas movlenTa an sakiTxTa
aRzevda rasizmi da eTnikuri zizRi. gaSuqebis meSveobiT. SesaZlebelia, rom

158
magaliTebi adgilobrivi an nebismieri warmomadgenelTa azrebsa da gamocdi-
sxva regionis sinamdviles asaxavdes. lebas moicavdes.
amasTanave, seminaris xelmZRvanelma evropis, afrikis, aziis Tu amerikis
unda gamoiZios gaSuqebis is detalebi, mravali gazeTi Tu masmediis sxva saSu-
romlebmac dapirispirebis gaRvivebasa aleba aTwleulebis manZilze mxolod
da SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis dawyebas imas aSuqebda, Tu ra gadawyvetlebebs
Seuwyo xeli. seminaris xelmZRvanelma iRebda mTavroba da rogor apirebda am
isic unda aRniSnos, rom istoriuli gadawyvetilebebis cxovrebaSi gatare-
konfliqtebi iseTi garemoebaa, romlis bas. Jurnalistikis yovlismomcvel,
gadalaxvac Znelia. gansakuTrebiT, Tu mravalferovan modelSi, mTavrobis
gaviTvaliswinebT, rom masmediis erTa- politikis aRwera, komentireba da sa-
derT iaraRs dapirispirebis, misi isto- zogadoebaze am politikis savaraudo
riisa da politikis Sesaxeb masalebis gavlenis axsna Tavad mTavrobis prero-
gamoqveyneba warmoadgens. gativas aRar warmoadgens. Jurnalistis
Setakebebidan da konfliqtebidan saqmianoba emsaxureba swored imas, rom
cotaTi ukan davixioT da Tvali Sevav- sazogadoebam mogviTxros mTavrobis
loT yoveldRiur cxovrebas. seminaris qmedebebisa Tu umoqmedobis Sesaxeb.
xelmZRvaneli wina moduls miubrundes mas Semdeg, rac sazogadoebaSi arse-
da monawileebs gaaxsenos, rom mraval- buli Sexedulebebi cnobili gaxdeba,
ferovnebis namdvili gaSuqeba yoveld- debatebSi ufro meti xalxis mozidva
Riuri cxovrebis asaxviT iwyeba. Cven xdeba SesaZlebeli; masmedia iqceva sazo-
veZebT gzebs, rom Cveulebrivi, yovel- gadoebriv forumad. igi droTa ganmav-
dRiuri gaSuqebisas, rac SeiZleba mar- lobaSi SesaZlebels gaxdis sazogado-
tivad, yvela adamiani movicvaT. magali- ebrivi problemebis mogvarebas, rac
Tad, Tu adamianebi kiTxuloben saxe- sazogadoebis yvela wevris interesebSia.
lebs, romlebic umravlesobis eTnikur
warmomavlobis aSkarad ar miekuTvneba seminaris xelmZRvanels:
_ qalebis saxelebis, gansxvavebuli ra- erTi ram cxadi unda iyos; cvlilebebi-
sisa da religiis mqone xalxis saxele- saTvis xelis Sewyoba maT marTvas ar gu-
bis _ TandaTanobiT isini gaiTaviseben lisxmobs. masmedia warmoadgens adgils,
im azrs, rom es xalxi erovnuli dialo- sadac gansxvavebuli azris mosmenaa Se-
gisa Tu debatebis nawils warmoadgens. saZlebeli.
Jurnalistebma informaciis wyaro-
Ta qseli unda gaafarToon da mravali dasawyisisaTvis, seminaris xelmZRva-
jgufi unda moicvan. masmediis saSuale- nelma unda sTxovos monawileebs, rom
bisadmi ndoba gaizrdeba, Tu xalxi da- maT yoveldRiuri cxovrebis amsxaveli
inaxavs interess imis mimarT, rom masa- Temebi CamoTvalon. sadiskusio Temebis
lebi sazogadoebis yvela segmentis magaliTebia:

159
jandacva, bi. es monacemebi diskusiis dawyebis sa-
* ganaTleba, fuZvlad unda gamoiyenoT, romelic
* piradi Semosavali, romelime sazogadoebaSi arsebuli mra-
* bavSvebi da maTi ganviTareba, valferovnebis Sesaxeb warimarTeba.
* religia da mrwamsi.
* hipoTeturi SekiTxva diskusiis dasaw-
seminaris xelmZRvanelma xelT unda yebad _ kiTxva 1:
iqonios am Temebze momzadebuli masa- Tu mosaxleobis 30%-s, 25-dan 40
lebis magaliTebi, romlebic monawile- wlamde asakis qalebi Seadgenen, ra gav-
ebs daurigdebaT. maT es statiebi ana- lena SeiZleba iqonios am faqtma mov-
lizisaTvis unda gamoiyenon da imsje- lenaTa an sakiTxTa gaSuqebaze?
lon, rogor SeiZleba masalis ise mom-
zadeba, rom sazogadoebrivi elemente- gTavazobT ramdenime pasuxs, romlebic
bis ufro farTo speqtri iqnes gaTva- diskusiis wamowyebaSi dagexmarebaT:
liswinebuli. esenia: asaki, eTnikuri es qalebi, dedobis asakSi arian. maT al-
warmomavloba, genderi, invalidebi. baT daainteresebT masalebi janmrTe-
lobis, ganaTlebisa da aRzrdis meTo-
magaliTi: masala prenataluri janmr- debis Sesaxeb. rodesac am asaks gadaabi-
Telobis Sesaxeb. Tu arian umciresobe- jeben, ra sakiTxebi iqneba maTTvis sain-
bis an eTnikuri jgufebis warmomadge- tereso? maT daainteresebT jandacvis,
neli eqimebi? Tu arian qalebi, romle- ganaTlebis an socialuri uzrunvelyo-
bic erTdroulad eqimebic arian da pa- fis saxelmwifo politikis SemuSavebis
cientebic? Tu aris iseTi religiuri sakiTxebi da survili eqnebaT, rom ga-
sakiTxebi, romlebic perinataluri igon, rogor yalibdeba politika da ra
movlis Sesaxeb msjelobisas unda ga- gavlenas iqoniebs igi maT yoveldRiur
viTvaliswinoT? visi CarTva iqneboda cxovrebaze?
mizanSewonili imisaTvis, rom am Temis
ganxilvisas masalaSi SemoerTebisadmi seminaris xelmZRvaneli ekiTxeba: aris
swrafva SeimCneodes? rogor moviZioT Tu ara raime sxva sakiTxebi, romlebic
informaciis es gansxvavebuli wyaro- maTTvis saintereso iqneboda? aRsaniS-
ebi? navia is garemoeba, rom mas Semdeg, rac
qalebi dedobis asaks gadaabijeben, maTi
seminaris xelmZRvanels: interesebi Seicvleba. ra sakiTxebi iq-
gamarTeT diskusia TiToeul monawi- neba maTTvis saintereso, rodesac isini
lesTan, seminaris dawyebamde mowode- dedobis asaks gadaabijeben? seminaris
buli demografiuli informaciis Sesa- xelmZRvanelma monawileebs unda urCi-
xeb, an SegiZliaT iqonioT Tqven mier os, rom sakiTxebze msjelobisas, amo-
momzadebuli demografiuli monaceme- savlad sakuTari cxovreba gamoiyenon.

160
Tqveni gazeTi, radio- an telearxi daT xels, rom am jgufisaTvis sainte-
Tu aSuqebs am sakiTxebs? ra sixSiriT reso sakiTxebi gageSuqebinaT? Tu mog-
aSuqebs da rogor SeafasebdiT gaSuqe- zauroben? mogzaurobisas sakuTari an
bis xarisxs? axal ambebSi daamatebiT ra mezobeli qveynis romelime specifikur
sakiTxebs gaaSuqebdiT, imisaTvis, rom adgils xom ar aniWeben upiratesobas?
am jgufebisaTvis saintereso masalebi eTnikuri warmomavloba xom ar aris am
migewodebinaT? am jgufebisaTvis sain- jgufis warmomadgenelis samogzaurod
tereso sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas, aseve wasvla-arwasvlis ganmsazRvreli faq-
kacebisaTvis saintereso masalebis ga- tori? an iqneb es adamianis ekonomikur
moqveynebas Tu iTvaliswinebT? mdgomareobazea damokidebuli?
gaxsovdeT, rom garkveuli jgufi- iseve, rogorc wina SemTxvevaSi,
saTvis saintereso sakiTxebis gaSuqeba hkiTxeT seminaris monawileebs, ras fiq-
sulac ar niSnavs, rom sxva jgufebis in- roben am winadadebis Sesaxeb. rogor Se-
teresebi ugulebelyofili unda iqnes. iZleba, rom garkveuli jgufis gaSuqe-
hkiTxeT seminaris monawileebs, ras ba, amave dros sxva jgufisaTvisac iyos
fiqroben am bolo winadadebis Sesaxeb. sasargeblo? romelime monawiles xom
rogor SeiZleba, rom garkveli jgufis ara aqvs mosazreba iseTi masalis Sesa-
gaSuqeba, amave dros sxva jgufisaTvi- xeb, romelic amas SesaZlebels gaxdi-
sac iyos sasargeblo? romelime monawi- da? waimuSaveT maTTan, rom amis sailus-
les xom ara aqvs rame mosazreba iseTi traciod konkretuli magaliTebi Camo-
masalis Sesaxeb, romelic amas SesaZle- ayaliboT.
bels gaxdida? sTxoveT maT, rom konk-
retuli magaliTebi mogawodon. hipoTeturi SekiTxva diskusiis dasaw-
yebad _ kiTxva 3:
hipoTeturi SekiTxva diskusiis dasaw- Tu demografiuli monacemebi asa-
yebad _ kiTxva 2: xavs, rom adamianebis 30% 25-welze nak-
Tu Tqveni sazogadoebis 20%-s, 65 lebi asakisaa, ra gavlena SeiZleba iqo-
wels gadacilebulebi Seadgenen, ra nios am statistikurma monacemma mov-
gavlena SeiZleba iqonios am faqtma lenaTa an sakiTxTa gaSuqebaze?
movlenaTa an sakiTxTa gaSuqebaze?
gTavazobT ramdenime pasuxs, romlebic
gTavazobT ramdenime pasuxs, romlebic diskusiis wamowyebaSi dagexmarebaT:
diskusiis wamowyebaSi dagexmarebaT: xelovneba [gansakuTrebiT musika]; pi-
dasveneba da garToba; piradi Semosava- rovnebis Semosavlebi; janmrTeloba da
li [ra saarsebo saSualebebi aqvs ada- keTilmowyoba. sxva ra informacia dag-
mians mas Semdeg, rac igi muSaobas Tavs WirdebaT am jgufis interesebis Sesa-
anebebs]; sapensio gegmebi; jandacvis saxeb, rom gansazRvroT, sWirdeba Tu ara
kiTxebi; sxva ra informacia Segiwyob- gafarToeba gazeTis mier gaSuqebul

161
Tematikas? sporti da dasveneba? roman- monawileebma unda moiZion:
tikuli urTierTobebi? aSuqeben Tu
ara Tqveni gazeTebi am sferoebs? kerZo azri.
ecadeT gaigoT, ramdenad sasargeb-
*
lo iqneba am Temebis gaSuqeba yvela sxva ra ar aris cnobili, rac daexmare-
jgufis warmomadgenlebisaTvis?
*boda imis garkvevaSi, aSuqebs Tu ara ga-
seminaris xelmZRvanelma monawile- zeTi sazogadoebis yvela segments.
Ta mier mowodebuli masalebidan Ser-
Ceuli magaliTebi unda gamoiyenos, rom ganxilvisa da mcire jgufebSi warmar-
am modulis mTavari Tema ganavrcos. Tuli diskusiebis Sedegebi seminaris
kiTxvebi eTnikuri warmomavlobis, asa- yvela monawiles miewodeba. unda aRi-
kis an genderuli sakiTxebis Sesaxeb Se- niSnos is mxareebi, romlebsac mraval-
saZloa Zalze specifikuri iyos, imisda ferovnebis ukeT gaSuqebis mizniT ga-
mixedviT, Tu romel qveyanasa Tu regi- umjobeseba sWirdeba, rac erT-erTi mo-
onSi Catarda seminari. mdevno moduliT gaTvaliswinebuli
diskusiis sagans warmoadgens.
savarjiSo:
monawileebi davyoT oTx-oTxkacian
jgufebad. TiToeuli monawile iRebs
sxva monawilis sagazeTo, radio an te-
lemasalas da maTTvis darigebuli de-
mografiuli monacemebis gaTvaliswi-
nebiT ganixilavs mas. ganxilvis Semdeg,
masalis avtors kiTxvebi unda dausvas
imis Sesaxeb, ramdenad aris masalaSi
warmodgenili misi avtoris regionis
ZiriTadi auditoria. rodesac monawi-
leebi erTmaneTs kiTxvebs usvamen, maTi
mkiTxvelisa Tu msmenelis mravalfe-
rovnebisa da gaSuqebuli masalebis Se-
saxeb, maTi pasuxebis mixedviT mosaxle-
obis erTgvari demografiuli suraTi
unda Camoyalibdes. ganxilvis msvle-
lobisas TiToeulma monawilem unda Ca-
weros, rom Semdeg mTel jgufs moaxse-
nos mis mier CaniSnuli Sedegebi.

162
moduli 4: gansakuTrebuli sakiTxebi enis Sesaxeb
mizani: ganvaviTaroT movlenaTa an sakiTxTa misaRebi eniT gaSuqebis Cveva, raTa

Tavidan aviciloT rasobrivi da eTnikuri stereotipebis Camoyalibeba an gavr-
celeba.
principi: Cvens sityvebs sazogadoebisaTvis impulsis micemis Zala SeswevT, rom

xalxma Cveni gazeTebi ikiTxos, gadacemebs usminos, uyuros da Cveni daijeros.
sityvebs aseve ZaluZT zogierTi jgufis Sesaxeb uaryofiTi Sexedulebebis gav-
rceleba. amis gamo miaCniaT, rom masmediis saSualebebi, mikerZoebulad da ara-
obieqturad aSuqeben sakiTxebsa Tu movlenebs. unda gvaxsovdes, rom zogierTi
sityvis xmareba ubralod dauSvebelia.
seminaris xelmZRvanels: yvebiT gamowveuli zianis Tavidan aci-

diskusis wamowyebis mizniT seminaris leba, masmediis saSualebebis intere-
xelmZRvanelma unda gamoiyenos TiTo- sebSi Sedis, Jurnalistma pirvel yov-
euli monawilis mier seminaris dawye- lisa unda:
bamde mowodebuli sagazeTo, radio -
Tu telemasalebidan amokrebili maga- daicvas weris wesebi, romlebic mas, enis
liTebi. nabeWdi magaliTebis SemTxveva- sworad gamoyenebis saSualebas miscems.
Si, unda momzaddes maTi fotoaslebi, Cven mier SerCeuli sityvebi masme-
romlebic TiToeul monawiles daurig- diaSi mravalferovnebis damikvidrebis
deba, rom wakiTxva da maTze msjeloba umniSvnelovanes elements warmoadgens.
SeZlon. radio- da telemasalebis maga- mTavari mizania eTnikuri da rasobrivi
liTebi mTelma jgufma unda naxos. jgufebis warmomadgenelTa obieqturi
da akuratuli warmodgena. amisaTvis,
masmediis saSualebebis umetesoba, ar swori sityvebi unda SevarCioT da mo-
qmnis stereotipebs da ar isaxavs miz- veridoT Seuracxmyofeli stereotipe-
nad xalxis gancalkevebas. miuxedavad bisa da kliSeebis gamoyenebas.
amisa, movlenaTa gaSuqebisas Jurnalis- masmediis zogierT organizaciaSi Ca-
tebi xSirad ver axerxeben, zogierTi moyalibda komitetebi, romlebic enisa
jgufis gancalkevebis aRsakveTad da da araswori miwodebis problemebis
maT mimarT arsebuli stereotipebis mogvarebas isaxaven miznad. zog organi-
dangrevis mizniT, enis efetur gamoye- zaciaSi enasa da stils ganuyoflad mi-
nebas. Tu CavTvliT, rom miuRebeli sit- iCneven.

163
Jurnalistebi iSviaTad fiqroben leqsikoni iaraRia, romlis meSveobi-
imaze, ratom xmaroben ama Tu im sityvas. Tac Jurnalistebs saSualeba aqvT gac-
xSirad drois simcire da statiis Tavi- nobierebulad daweron TiToeuli sit-
seburebebi ganapirobebs gamoyenebuli yva da imavdroulad aRmofxvran saxel-
sityvebis arCevans. maT iSviaTada aqvT mwifos, sazogadoebisa da misi xalxis
imis dro, rom ama Tu im azris gamosaxa- da Cveni Tavis Sesaxeb Cven mierve Camo-
tavad saukeTeso sityvebi SearCion. yalibebuli warmodgena.
rodesac masmedia sazogadoebis mra- dro midis. sityvebis mniSvneloba
valferovnebis mTel siRrmes acnobi- icvleba. leqsikoni gvaxsenebs Cveni da-
erebs, da mas Semdeg, rac SevicnobT, Tu werili sityvis Tavdapirvel mniSvne-
ra gavlenas axdens mravalferovneba lobas da masalis momzadebisas saWiro
Cveni, rogorc Jurnalistebis, saqmi- sityvis SerCevaSi gvexmareba.
anobaze, iZulebulni vxdebiT, rom gul-
dasmiT gadavxedoT Cven mier gamoyene- sityvaTa mniSvnelobis cvlis magaliTi:
bul sityvebs. geto: samocian wlebSi gamocemul leq-
sinamdvileSi, erTaderTi mizezi, sikonSi sityvis amgvari definiciaa mo-
rom xelaxla gadavxedoT imas, Tu ro- cemuli: adgili, qalaqis iseTi ubani,
gor mivmarTavT xalxs da rogor aRv- romelSic kanoni xalxs iZulebiT asax-
werT adgilebs, aris is, rom obieqtu- lebs da evropaSi momxdar pogromebs
rad da akuratulad gavaSuqoT sazoga- ukavSirdeba. dReisaTvis sityvam meore
doebis yvela segmenti. amisaTvis Cven mniSvneloba SeiZina. igi aRniSnavs qala-
sworad unda SevarCioT sityvebi. rode- qis ubans, romelSic umciresobebis war-
sac enis sworad gamoyenebas vcdilobT, momadgenlebs uwevT cxovreba soci-
es ar niSnavs, rom amas politikuri ko- aluri, ekonomikuri da samarTlebrivi
reqtulobisaTvis vakeTebT. Cven vcdi- problemebis gamo. sityvis meore mniSv-
lobT, rom Cvens saqmianobaSi, CvenTvis nelobaSi mTavari cvlileba is aris,
xelmisawvdomi yvela arsebuli wesi da rom getos daarseba aRar gulisxmobs
resursi gamoviyenoT. mTavrobis gankargulebas.
ra unda icodnen reportiorebma da
leqsikonis gamoyeneba redaqtorebma sanam am sityvas ixmard-
Cven mier gamoyenebul sityvaTa gada- nen?
xedvis pirveli nabiji Zalze martivia: 1) mxolod umciresobebis warmomadgen-
unda gamoviyenoT leqsikoni. es wigni lebi cxovroben am raionSi da
iseTi resursia, romelic kvlav unda 2) isini iq socialuri, ekonomikuri da
SemovitanoT Cvens yoveldRiur saqmi- samarTlebrivi mizezebis gamo cxovro-
anobaSi, rom gamovnaxoT gzebi Cveni ben.
sazogadoebis yvela niuansis akuratu-
li da obieqturi warmodgenisaTvis. udavoa, rom msoflios mraval qalaqSi

164
aris iseTi adgilebi, romlebsac SeiZ- varad ecadeT, rom monawileebma sit-
leba geto ewodos, magram vidre Jur- yvis zusti mniSvnelobis gasarkvevad
nalisti ase moiqceva, unda darwmundes, leqsikoni gamoiyenon. xSirad amgvari
rom sityvis zusti definiciiT gansaz- savarjiSoebiT Zalze bevr rames vigebT.
Rvruli yvela garemoeba saxezea. ar da- rodesac xedavT, rom popularuli sit-
gaviwydeT, rom ar SeiZleba am sityvis yva araswori mniSvnelobiT ixmareba,
gamoyeneba mxolod imitom, rom qalaqis monawileebs hkiTxeT, Tu rogor fiqro-
am raionSi saSualoze dabali klasis ben, ra Sedegebi SeiZleba mohyves sity-
saxlebi dgas. ufro metic, xSir SemTx- vis araswor xmarebas? da visze iqoniebs
vevaSi, Jurnalistma unda gamoiyenos araswori mniSvnelobiT naxmari sityva
SesaZlebloba da daasaxelos im kon- yvelaze uaryofiT gavlenas?
kretuli ubnis saxeli, sadac masalaSi
aRweril movlenas hqonda adgili. specifika iarliyebis sapirispirod
`bario~ da `geto~ mxolod iseTi sityve-
bario: am sityvasac imave konkretuli bia, romlebsac xSirad araswori mniSv-
faqtidan gamomdinare specifikuri nelobiT viyenebT. informaciis kargad
mniSvneloba aqvs. leqsikonis ganmar- gaSuqeba ambavSi naxsenebi adgilebis, iq
tebiT, `bario~ aris espanurenovanTa arsebuli pirobebisa da ekonomikuri
dasaxleba an ubani qalaqSi. leqsikonis situaciis akuratul aRweras moiTxovs
ganmartebidan aSkaraa, rom Cven ver gada ara iarliyebis gamoyenebas, romelic
moviyenebT am sityvas getos sinonimad. sityvebis araswori xmarebis gamo xSi-
ufro metic, ar aris miTiTebuli, rom rad gvabnevs da qmnis stereotipebs.
aseTi ubani Seiqmna socialuri, ekono- Jurnalistebma mxedvelobaSi unda
mikuri da samarTlebrivi problemebis miiRon isic, rom xSirad SeuZlebelia,
Sedegad. sityva mianiSnebs mxolod im leqsikonSi moZebnili sityviT zustad
specifikur ubnebze, sadac espanur daaxasiaTo adamianebi, romlebisganac
enaze saubroben. bario ar aris geto. es intervius iReben. maT unda gaiTavison,
ar aris dangreuli ubani. es aris adgi- rom eTnikuri warmomavloba ar aris
li, sadac espanur enaze molaparakeni mniSvnelovani faqtori, rodesac miR-
cxovroben. wevebsa da Semosavlebze laparakoben
an, rom specifikuri eTnikuri jgufebi
seminaris xelmZRvanels: ar warmoadgenen Raribis, damnaSavis, ga-
monawileebs sTxoveT, rom CamoTvalon unaTlebelis an zedmetad ganaTlebu-
iseTi sityvebi, romelTa ganxilvasac am lis, asimilirebulis an uufleboTa si-
kuTxiT SeZlebdnen. seminaris xelmZ- nonims.
Rvanels momzadebuli unda hqondes
ramdenime sityva, romelTa Sesaxebac
imsjeleben monawileebi. SeZlebisdag-

165
auxseniT mkiTxvelsa da informaciis reportiori raimes daxasiaTebas ar un-
momwodebel wyaroebs da axdendnes. Cven mkiTxvels, msmenelsa
ramden Jurnalists dauweria statia Tu mayurebels vawvdiT faqtebis aRwe-
xanSi Sesuli moqalaqeebis Sesaxeb, sa- ras, raTa Semdgom maT movlenis an sa-
dac maTTvis `moxuci~ ise uwodebia, rom kiTxis Sesaxeb sakuTari daskvnebis ga-
maTTan saubrisas arc ukiTxavs maTi motana SeZlon. Cveni funqcia is ki ar
asaki? miaqcieT yuradReba sityvis mniS- aris, rom sazogadoebas mivuTiToT, Tu
vnelobas. `moxuci~ da àsakovani~ gamo- ra unda ifiqros ama Tu im faqtisa da
iyeneba 65 wels gadacilebul pirTa movlenis Sesaxeb. Cveni funqcia sazo-
mimarT. gadoebisaTvis faqtebis obieqturad da
an ras ityodiT statiaze, romelSic miukerZoebelad miwodebaa. es sazoga-
mamakacs `xeibars~ uwodeben da arc ki doebis TiToeul wevrs saSualebas mis-
aRweren misi mdgomareobis detalebs? cems, rom Tavad gadawyvitos, rogor
monaxeT sityvis zusti mniSvneloba. am warmarTos sakuTari cxovreba da ra
sityvis definicia Zalze konkretulia gziT gaiziaros sazogadoebis wevrobis
da SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone- tvirTi Tu sargebeli.
Ta mxolod mcire nawilisaTvis Tu aris
marTebuli. moerideT iseTi sityvebsa Tu fra-
ggoniaT, rom mimarT vcdilobT rame
*zebs, romlebic sityvis uflebis warT-
realuri sxvaobis arsebobis gareSe? mevis grZnobas gamoiwvevs im jgufis
sulac ara, arsebobs Taviseburebebi, wevrebSi, visac am sityvebiT aRwerT.
romlebic Jurnalists im xalxisgan ga-
nasxvavebs, visac igi emsaxureba. am gans- informaciis momwodebels nu aR-
xvavebebis Sedegia is, rom grZeldeba
*werT bnel da pirquS pirovnebad, imis
Cveni sazogadoebis polarizeba. gamo, rom masalaSi garkveuli tonis
Cven yvela Rone unda vixmaroT, rom Seqmna gsurT da ver acnobierebT, rom
21-e saukuneSi, sazogadoebis polari- Tqven mier Seqmnili toni stereotipe-
zeba Cveni sizarmacis, indeferentu- bis Camoyalibebas uwyobs xels. nebis-
lobis da drois simciris gamo ar gagr- mieri sityvisa Tu frazis xmarebisas
Zeldes. amisaTvis davixmaroT leqsiko- mxedvelobaSi unda gvyavdes saSualo
ni da sityvebis zusti mniSvneloba mo- mkiTxveli, msmeneli Tu mayurebeli.
viZioT. gadmovcemT Tu ara imas, ris Tqmac gvin-
doda? Cvenda uneburad romelime jgu-
ramdenime damatebiTi rCeva: fis mimarT arsebul stereotipebs xom
yuradRebiT iyaviT zedsarTavi saxe- ar vaZlierebT?
*
lebisa da zmnizedebis gamoyenebisas, Cvens sityvebs Seswevs Zala, sazoga-
radgan maT advilad SeuZliaT stere- doebas misces impulsi, rom xalxma Cveni
otipebis gavrceleba. Jurnalisti da gazeTebi ikiTxos, gadacemebs usminos

166
da uyuros da Cven mier yoveldRiurad mier mowodebuli masalebidan. SeiZle-
mowodebuli informacia daijeros. ro- boda Tu ara masalebSi gamoyenebuli
desac CaxlarTul frazebs, kliSeebs da enis ise Secvla, rom SesaZlebeli gamx-
Jargons viyenebT, iqmneba saSiSroeba, dariyo stereotipebis dangreva an Ta-
rom sazogadoebasa da masmedias Soris vidan acileba.
damyarebuli ndoba daikargos.
Cveni SerCeuli sityvebi aZlierebs unda gakeTdes Semdegi gancxadebebi:
sazogadoebaSi arsebul azrs, rom mas- moerideT iseTi sityvebisa Tu fra-
media jer kidev araobieqturi da miker-
*
zebis xmarebas, romlebic naTlad ver
Zoebulia sazogadoebis garkveuli na- asaxaven realur suraTs.
wilis mimarT, rogorc es wina politi-
kuri reJimis dros xdeboda, wina Taobe- magaliTi: qveynebSi, sadac religiuri
bis gazeTebSi, radiosa da televiziaSi. mrwamsis Tavisufleba axla mkvidrdeba,
Cveni sityvebis kiTxvis an mosmenis Se- iseT religiur organizaciebs, romleb-
degad, msmenelis warsuli gamocdileba Sic gaerTianebulni arian ieRovas mow-
amotivtivdeba _ rodesac socialurma, meebi, baptistebi da protestantebi,
politikurma, ekonomikurma da samarT- xSirad seqtebs uwodeben. amgvari mimar-
lebrivma dinamikam xeli Seuwyo zizRis, Tva arasworia da `ZiriTad religiur
SiSis, gancalkevebisa da konfliqtebis organizaciebsa~ [mag. kaTolicizmi, is-
gaCenas. yoveli aseTi SemTxveva ukan ga- lami, marTlmadidebloba] da zemoT aR-
dagmuli nabijia, maSin, rodesac win un- niSnul mimdinareobebs Soris arsebuli
da viswrafodeT, rom Camoyalibdes ise- dinamikis bundovan suraTs qmnis.
Ti sazogadoeba, romelSic sityvisa da
gansxvavebuli azris gamoTqmis Tavi- seminaris xelmZRvanels:
suflebaa, rac demokratiuli masmediis romelime monawiles sTxoveT, rom sit-
arsebobas ganapirobebs. yva `seqtis~ definicia waikiTxos. Semd-
gansazRvreT, ras niSnavs stereoti- gom diskusia unda gaimarTos imis Sesa-
pi. sTxoveT monawileebs, rom imsjelon xeb, Tu ratom unda hqonoda am sityvas
rasobriv, eTnikur da religiur jgu- uaryofiTi gavlena im religiuri jgu-
febze arsebuli stereotipebis Sesaxeb. febis warmomadgenelebze, romlebic am
hkiTxeT, ras grZnoben, rodesac stati- sityviT am kategoriaSi gaaerTianes.
asa Tu tele- an radiogadacemaSi, rasob-
rivi an eTnikuri jgufis mimarT ste- moerideT xalxis iseT daxasiaTebas,
reotipis gamoyenebis faqts awydebian.
*romelic adasturebs an uaryofs ste-
reotipebs.
seminaris xelmZRvanels:
mravaferovnebis gaSuqebisas gamoyene- gamoiyeneT sityvebi, romlebic xanSi
buli enis Sesaxeb msjelobisas moiyva-
*Sesulebs Secodebisa da gulmowyale-
neT magaliTebi seminaris monawileTa bis gareSe aRweren.

167
moerideT iseT sityvebs, romlebic emsaxurebodes eWvmitanilis zogadi
*xanSi Sesuli xalxis stereotips ayali- aRwerilobis gamoqveyneba, Tuki mis Se-
bebs. magaliTad, xeibari, daCaCanakebu- saxeb arsebuli informacia ar aris sak-
li, beberi. marisi imisaTvis, rom xelisuflebam mi-
si dakaveba moaxerxos?
moerideT qalebis aRweras imis mi-
*
xedviT, Tu visi meuRleebi arian isini.
Cvens masalebSi aRweril qals unda Se-
eZlos, rom damoukideblad warsdges
sazogadoebis winaSe. nu gaamaxvilebT
yuradRebas imaze, rom igi viRacis co-
lia. saSualeba mieciT, rom sakuTari sa-
xe warmoaCinos.
nu dauSvebT enobrivuzustobebs ge-

*ografiul mdebareobasa da istoriul
movlenebSi.
*lebiaRwereT sakiTxis an movlenis deta-

da moerideT iarliyebis mikvras.
magaliTad, kriminalur qronikaSi eWv-
mitanili aRwerilia, rogorc 20-30
wlis Savkaniani mamakaci. policiisgan
moiTxoveT damatebiTi detalebi eWvmi-
tanilis Cacmulobis, varcxnilobis Se-
saxeb. sad naxes igi bolos gaqcevis Sem-
deg.
Tu Jurnalistma ar moikiTxa, xeli-
suflebis warmomadgenlebi Seecdebian
detalebi ar gaaxmauron. Cven mier das-
muli kiTxvebis mizania, rom sazogado-
ebas eWvmitanilis rac SeiZleba deta-
luri aRweriloba mivawodoT, radgan
piris zogadi aRweriloba SeiZleba gar-
kveuli eTnikuri an rasobrivi warmo-
mavlobis jgufis wevrTa 50%-s miesada-
gos. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu detalebi miuwv-
domelia? dafiqrdiT, ra miznebs unda

168
moduli 5: kiTxvebi eTnikuri warmomavlobis Sesaxeb
qvemoT CamoTvlili kiTxvebi da pasu- kiTxva: rodis aris rasobrivi an eTni-

xebi seminaris monawileTaTvis sadisku- kuri warmomavloba mniSvnelovani?
sio masalas warmoadgens. msjelobisas pasuxi: zogadad, rasobrivi an eTnikuri
gaamaxvileT yuradReba monawileTa ga- warmomavloba ar unda iyos statiis
mocdilebis Sedegad miRebul magali- mniSvnelovani elementi, garda im Sem-
Tebze. TandarTuli pasuxebi seminaris Txvevebisa, rodesac eTnikuri warmo-
dasawyisSive unda ganixiloT. monawi- mavlobis faqtori masalis mTavari Te-
leebs mieciT sakmarisi dro, rom ganixi- maa. eTnikuri warmomavloba ar aris
lon, aris Tu ara misaRebi formiT aRwe- mniSvnelovani elementi, Tu masala po-
rili masalaSi rasobrivi da eTnikuri litikas, socialur qmedebebs an soci-
warmomavlobis sakiTxebi. seminaris xel- alur pirobebs exeba. avtorma yuradRe-
mZRvaneli mzad unda iyos, rom aqti-
biT unda SearCios sityvebi, raTa mkiT-
urad CaerTos monawileTa mier wamoW-
xvels ar egonos, rom eTnikuri warmo-
rili sakiTxebis ganxilvaSi, dausvas
mavloba mTavari sakiTxia. warmoadgens.
maT kiTxvebi an ganavrcos maTi azrebi.
amiT igi mTel jgufs daexmareba dis-
magaliTi: SesaZloa did qalaqebSi erTi
kusiis azrianad warmarTvaSi. diskusiis
eTnikuri warmomavlobis jgufi raime
dasrulebisas, xelmZRvanelma unda Se-
gansakuTrebuli saxeobis mcire maRazi-
ajamos diskusiis Sedegad gamotanili
ebs an sawarmoebs flobdes. es maRaziebi
daskvnebi.
xSirad xdeba sxva jgufebis zizRisa da
vandalizmis obieqtebi. aseT SemTxve-
SeinaxeT seminaris Canawerebi, rom Semd-
gomSi ganavrcoT regionSi eTnikuri vebSic ki, konkretuli vandalizmis aq-
warmomavlobis gaSuqebis Sesaxeb arse- tebis gaSuqebisas reportiorma ar unda
buli kiTxvebi da pasuxebi. ivaraudos, rom amgvari qmedebis motivi
eTnikuri xasiaTisaa. erTi SexedviT Se-
seminaris xelmZRvanels: iZleba gegonoT, rom eTnikur momentia
statiebi Cadenili danaSaulebrivi qme- mTavari. Tu daukvirdebiT da ubanSive
debebis Sesaxeb saukeTeso masalas war- informaciis SesaZlo wyaroebs kargad
moadgens eTnikuri warmomavlobis ga- gamohkiTxavT, SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom
Suqebis Sesaxeb diskusiisaTvis. monawi- vandalizmis mizezi sul sxva, Tundac
leTa mier mowodebul gazeTebSi yvela- imave ubnis mcxovreblebs Soris arse-
ze ioli albaT amgvari magaliTebis buli pirovnuli urTierTobebi yofi-
moZieba iqneba. la. am pirobebSi eTnikuri warmomavlo-

169
ba umniSvnelo faqtoria da gaSuqebis seminaris xelmZRvanels:
Sedegad mkiTxvelma ar unda CaTvalos, kidev erTxel gadaxedeT zemoT ga-
rom erTi jgufis warmomadgenlebi yve-
*moyenebul magaliTebs. rogor SeiZleba
lanairad cdiloben meore jgufis wev- moTxroba daiweros ise, rom ar arsebob-
rTa ganadgurebas an maTTvis zianis mi- des mkiTxvelisaTvis aSkara uaryofiTi
yenebas. toni an ise Seicvalos eTnikur kuTvni-
lebaze gakeTebuli aqcenti, rom xazi
seminaris xelmZRvanels: gaesvas moTxrobis namdvil aspeqts?
hkiTxeT seminaris monawileebs, rogor Tuki nimuSad gaqvT iseTi statiebi,
SeuZliaT imis garkveva, warmoadgens Tu
*sadac eTnikuri kuTvnileba marTebu-
ara rasobrivi warmomavloba qonebis lad iyo xazgasmuli, gamoiyeneT isini
flobis an uqonlobis mTavar faqtors? im statiebTan Sesadareblad, sadac ad-
an iqneb es ubralod kriminaluri ele- gili hqonda sapirispiros.
mentebis parapSia? rogor SeiZleba masa-
laSi mdgomareobis akuratulad asaxva? kiTxva: vin wyvets, aris Tu ara masalaSi
hkiTxeT, aRniSnavdnen Tu ara piris rasobrivi an eTnikuri elementebi?
eTnikur warmomavlobas, umravlesobis pasuxi: Jurnalistma ar unda ifiqros,
warmomadgeneli rom yofiliyo? Tu pa- rom incindents SeiZleba raime rasob-
suxi uaryofiTia, seriozulad unda rivi an eTnikuri sarCuli edos. masa-
ganixiloT, aris Tu ara eTnikuri warmo- laSi aRwerili faqtebi Tavad cxadyo-
mavloba masalis mniSvnelovani faqtori? fen sinamdviles. xSirad mTavrobis war-
momadgenelma SeiZleba Jurnalists uT-
seminaris xelmZRvanelma unda moiZios xras, rom rasobrivi da eTnikuri war-
magaliTebi, sadac piri eTnikuri warmo- momavloba raime movlenis elementebs
mavlobis niSniTaa aRwerili, ramac Se- warmoadgens. oficialuri gancxadebe-
iZleba migviyvanos daskvnamde, rom sta- bis gadamowmeba SeiZleba sazogadoebis
tia eTnikuri an rasobrivi mdgomare- warmomadgenlebTan gasaubrebiT. mo-
obis Sesaxebaa. iZieT informaciis mowodebis wyaroebi
sxvadasxva eTnikur da rasobriv jgu-
kiTxva: rogor unda moviqceT, rodesac
febSi da yovelTvis SeZlebT sakiTxis
rasa da eTnikuri kuTvnileba aqtualuria?
bevri sxvadasxva TvaliT danaxvas, gan-
pasuxi: Tu rasa da eTnikuri kuTvnileba
sakuTrebiT im SemTxvevebSi, rodesac
aqtualuria, Jurnalistma meti sifrT-
xile unda gamoiCinos statiis weris oficialuri pirebi amtkiceben, rom in-
procesSi. Jurnalistma unda ganixilos cindenti rasobrivi an eTnikuri kuT-
aseTi sakiTxebi Tavis kolegebTan, raTa xiT unda iqnes ganxiluli. daupiris-
mousminos maT, Seamowmos Txrobis Sesa- pirdiT maT da hkiTxeT, ratom daask-
vali nawili, darwmundes, rom is ar Se- vnes, rom incindentSi eTnikuri sakiT-
icavs eTnikur elementebs,Tu es auci- xia gareuli?
lebeli ar aris.

170
magaliTi: policia amtkicebs, rom ban- turad gadmocema fotosuraTebis sa-
debs Soris gamarTuli omi eTnikur da- SualebiT SeiZleba. Tu SesaZlebelia,
pirispirebas warmoadgens. mas Semdeg, jobia, rom realuri pirovneba uCvenoT
rac reportiori hkiTxavs, Tu ratom mkiTxvelsa Tu mayurebels, vidre mis
fiqrobs policia ase, irkveva, rom po- aRweras ecadoT.
liciam es daskvna dapirispirebuli ban-
debis wevrTa gansxvavebuli eTnikur seminaris xelmZRvanels:
warmomavlobis safuZvelze gaakeTa. re- informaciis momwodebeli wyaros aRwe-
alurad ki amis mizezi narkotikebiT ra rac SeiZleba detaluri unda iyos.
aralegaluri vaWrobisaTvis qalaqis mxolod imis aRniSvna, rom igi aziuri
Zalze momgebiani teritoriisaTvis warmoSobisaa, aranair mniSvnelovan in-
brZola gamxdara. omi teritoriis gamo formacias ar gvawvdis Tavad pirov-
gaCaRda da igi eTnikuri mizezebiT ki nebis Sesaxeb. ganzogadeba stereotipe-
ar iyo ganpirobebuli, aramed ekonomi- bis gavrcelebas uwyobs xels. kargi
kuriT. aris Tu ara am masalaSi eTniku- Jurnalistika gulisxmobs nebismieri
ri elementi? SeiZleba iyos kidec, mag- sakiTxis detalur aRweras _ maT Soris
ram es ar gaxlavT dapirispirebis yve- eTnikuri warmomavlobisac. aziis rome-
laze mniSvnelovani mizezi. ase rom, li qveynidanaa es pirovneba?
sifrTxile gvmarTebs imis garkvevisas,
Tu ramdenad mniSvnelovan faqtors kiTxva: xolo rac Seexeba emigrantebs?
warmoadgens eTnikuri sakiTxebi ama Tu pasuxi: maTzec igive wesi vrceldeba.
im incindentSi. moerideT emigrantTa klasebad dayo-
fas, magaliTad, afrikelebad an aziele-
kiTxva: ra saxeliT unda mivmarToT bad. mkiTxveli an mayurebeli met in-
adamianebs? formacias miiRebs, Tu detalebs miawv-
pasuxi: erT-erTi gzaa vkiTxoT Tavad diT am piris qveynis Sesaxeb. amerikeli
pirs, romlis citirebasac vaxdenT an SeiZleba iyos kanadidan, SeerTebuli
vis naambobsac gadmovcemT, Tu rogor Statebidan an laTinuri amerikidan.
urCevnia mas. es mxolod SekiTxvis das- mkiTxveli verafers igebs, rodesac vam-
miT SegviZlia gavigoT. amasTanave, zo- cnobT, rom masalaSi aRwerili pirov-
gadi wesia, rom piris eTnikuri warmo- neba aziuri warmoSobisaa; ufro mniSv-
mavloba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi unda nelovania imis aRniSvna, Tu saidan Ca-
aRiniSnos, Tu igi masalis mniSvnelovan movida es piri. sadac saWirod miiCnevT,
elements warmoadgens. acnobeT mkiTxvels misi qveynis, mxaris
an qalaqis Sesaxeb. afrika uzarmazari
gaxsovdeT, suraTi aTas sityvaze gaci- kontinentia. uTxariT mkiTxvels, Tu
lebiT mets ityvis. xSirad gazeTebsa da romeli qveynidanaa es adamiani.
televiziaSi informaciis momwodebeli aucilebeli wesi: mkiTxvels an mayu-
wyaros eTnikuri warmomavlobis efeq- rebels miawodeT detaluri informacia.

171
moduli 6: informaciis mowodebis wyaroebi
mizani: programis monawileebs davexmaroT informaciis mowodebis axali da mra-
valferovani wyaroebis moZiebaSi.
principi: informaciis mowodebis mravalferovani wyaroebi TavisTavad ganapi-

robebs mravalferovani masalis Seqmnas.
informaciis mowodebis wyaroebis mo- formaciis miRebis ZiriTad keras war-

Ziebisa da gamoyenebis gzebis Secvla is moadgenda. saukeTeso reportiors in-
is nabijia, romelsac reportioris kar- formaciis wyaroTa yvelaze farTo da
gad gaazrebul qmedeba sWirdebas. Ti- mravalferovani qseli unda hqondes.
Toeulma reportiorma, romelic dain-
teresebulia, rom mis mier momzadebul seminaris xelmZRvanels:
masalebSi gacilebiT mravalferovani monawileTa mier mowodebuli masale-
Sexedulebebi iqnas asaxuli, unda daiw- bidan an sxva wyaroebidan SearCieT oTxi
yos informaciis wyaroTa bankis Camo- magaliTi, romlebsac informaciis wya-
yalibeba. masSi Seva sazogadoebis yve- roTa gafarToebis sakiTxebze msjelo-
la warmomadgeneli, visTanac igi kav- bisas gamoiyenebT. sTxoveT maT, rom
Sirebs daamyarebs. ubralo Tavyrilo- waikiTxon TiToeuli statia da mcire
bisas uamrav xalxs SexvdebiT da SeiZ- jgufebad daiyon. sTxoveT maT, rom Ti-
leba swored is eqimi an iuristi gaic- Toeuli statia Seafason informaciis
noT, romelic SemdgomSi Tqveni rigiTi wyaroebis mravalferovnebis Tvalsaz-
masalisaTvis sakiTxis raime gansxva- risiT. masalaSi citirebuli pirebi mxo-
vebul xedvas SemogTavazebT. ubralo lod mamakacebi an mxolod mTavrobis
Tavyrilobisas SeiZleba SesaZlebloba warmomadgenlebi xom ar arian? anda,
mogeceT, rom informaciis wyaroTa sias miuxedavad imisa, rom am sakiTxze sxva,
cnobili da pativcemuli pirovnebebi an gansxvavebuli rasobrivi an eTnikuri
mecnierebi SematoT, romlebic, SesaZ- jgufebis Sexedulebebic arsebobs, xom
loa, gansxvavebuli eTnikuri warmomav- ar aris gaSuqebuli mxolod umravle-
lobisani iyvnen. saintereso pirovne- sobis warmomadgenelTa Sexedulebebi?
basTan nebismieri kontaqti informaci-
is wyaroebis gafarToebis SesaZleblo- gaiTvaliswineT:
bas warmoadgens. unda gascdeT infor-
maciis samTavrobo wyaroebis farglebs, erideT araobieqtur statiebs.
romlebic aTwleulebis manZilze in-
* umciresobebTan dakavSirebuli sa-

172
kiTxebi umravlesobis warmomadgenel-
Ta komentars ar saWiroebs. ebraelebis
Sesaxeb sakiTxebs, antisemitebis komen-
tari ar sWirdeba da arc homoseqsuali
mamakacebis Tu qalebis Sesaxeb sakiT-
xebi saWiroebs homofobiiT Sepyrobil
elementTa komentarebs. informaciis
wyaroTa `meqanikurma~ dabalansebam, Se-
saZloa sakiTxTa mikerZoebuli gaSu-
qeba gamoiwvios, radgan izrdeba stere-
otipebisa da kliSeebis SesaZlebloba.
sifrTxile gmarTebT xalxis Tanac-

*xovrebis pirobebisa da wesis aRwerisas.
mraval qveyanaSi, raime gansakuTre-
buls ar warmoadgens Tu qali da mama-
kaci qorwinebis gareSe cxovroben er-
Tad, anda Tu ori mamakaci an ori qali
cxovrobs erTad. araa saWiro moralis
kiTxva, an morcxvoba, an lamazi iarli-
yebis mikereba. mravali Jurnalisti, am-
gvari urTierTobebis, Tanacxovrebis
aRwerisas sityva `megobars~ an àxlo
megobars~ iyenebs.
kidev erTxel gadaxedeT statiebs.
sTxoveT, rom TiToeulma monawilem im
sxva kategoriis xalxis sia Camoweros,
romlebTanac dakavSireba SeiZleba, rom
statias ganxiluli sakiTxis gansxvave-
buli xedva Seematos. igive savarjiSo
danarCeni sami statiiTac Seasrulon.
hkiTxeT monawileebs, rogor SearCevd-
nen informaciis wyaroebs, rom stati-
ebSi warmodgenili sakiTxis xedva ga-
efarToebinaT.

173
moduli 7: suraTebi
suraTebis gamoyeneba masalis Sinaar-

sTan erTad aris erT-erTi saukeTeso
*donmonawileebs sTxoveT, rom gadaxe-
statiebs danaSaulebrivi qmedebe-
gza, romliTac Jurnalists SeuZlia bis Sesaxeb da TandarTul fotomasa-
nebismieri rasobrivi, eTnikuri Tu re- lebs. amgvari statiebi xSirad ufro ux-
ligiuri jgufis warmomadgenels, war- vad aris xolme ilustrirebuli. aseve
moCenis saSualeba misces. moiZieT saomari moqmedebebis an saxal-
xo gamosvlebis adgilebidan gaSuqe-
seminaris xelmZRvanels: buli movlenebis foto- da videomasa-
hkiTxeT seminaris monawileebs, umcire- lebi. es fotoebi an videokadrebi xal-
sobebis ranairi suraTebi aris xolme xis gamosvlebis an brZolis damaxinje-
warmodgenili maT sagazeTo, saJurna- bul/mikerZoebul suraTs xom ar asa-
lo Tu satelevizio gamoSvebebSi? Tu xavs? xom ar aris es kadrebi, raime kon-
hyavT umciresobebis warmomadgeneli kretuli poziciis gamosaxatad gamoye-
axali ambebis wamyvanebi an reporti- nebuli? gana es aris Jurnalistis mi-
orebi? qalebi Tu arian aRbeWdilni zani? gaSuqebul sakiTxebs xSirad mZaf-
iseT masalebSi, romlebSic SesaZlebe- ri politikuri an istoriuli konteq-
lia, rom maT masalis saxe warmoadgi- sti aqvs. am konteqstis mimarT, mTavro-
non? masalebSi warmodgenili suraTebi bis poziciis garda, yvela sxva poziciis
an videokadrebi ZiriTadad mamakace- ugulebelyofa xdeboda. rogor SeiZ-
bis saxeebs xom ar asaxavs? monawileTa leba, rom aseT SemTxvevebSi Tavidan
mier mowodebuli sagazeTo Tu video- aviciloT masalebSi romelime erTi po-
masalebidan seminaris xelmZRvanelma ziciis gamoxatva?
unda SearCios iseTi magaliTebi, rom- foto- Tu videokadrebma axali am-
lebic, misi azriT, movlenebis amsaxvel bebi unda asaxos. ar arsebobs raime wesi,
suraTebsa Tu videokadrebSi mravalfe- Tu vin unda iyos gamosaxuli movlene-
rovnebis simcires cxadyofs. bis amsaxvel kadrebze. garda gansakuT-
rebuli SemTxvevebisa, yovelTvis aris
rodesac magaliTebs waradgenT, xolme arCevanis saSualeba.
*sTxoveT jgufs, rom mravalferovnebis
ukeT gaSuqebis gaTvaliswinebiT, masa- seminaris xelmZRvanels:
lis ilustrirebis SesaZlebel sxva gadaxedeT monawileTa mier mowodebul
gzebze imsjelos. sagazeTo da videomasalebs da, Tu Se-
saZlebloba gaqvT, suraTebsac. xom ar

174
iyo SesaZlebeli, rom gazeTis an tele- seminaris xelmZRvanels:
arxis mier gamoyenebuli movlenis am- _ da kvlav, moiZieT magaliTebi, rom-
saxveli suraTebi ufro mravalfero- lebic sazogadoebaSi momxdar Sefarul
vani yofiliyo? mowodebuli videomas- cvlilebebs aRwers. seminaris dawyebam-
alebidan ganixileT erT-erTi. video- de mowodebul masalebSi aris aseTi
masalaSi asaxuli movlenebis ufro mra- magaliTebi? seminaris monawileTa az-
valferovani gaSuqeba xom ar iyo SesaZ- riT, aris iseTi suraTebi, romelTa sxva
lebeli? suraTebiT CanacvlebiT mravalferov-
rodesac raime mniSvnelovani movle- neba movlenebis Sinaarsis Seucvlelad
na xdeba, imis magivrad, rom umravle- ukeTesad gaSuqdeboda?
sobis Cveul saxeebze gaamaxvilon yu- suraTebis mravalferovnebis gaSu-
radReba, fotografebma unda moaxer- qebis TvalsazrisiT Sefasebis erT-er-
xon xalxTa masebis mravalferovnebis Ti mizani is aris, rom mkiTxvelsa Tu
dafiqsireba. mayurebels saSualeba mieces, Tqvas:
`madlobas gixdiT, rom Tqvens gazeTsa
magaliTi: arCevnebis amsaxvel masalaSi Tu satelevizio gadacemaSi Cemi Tavi
fotografma gadaiRo saarCevno ubani, damanaxveT. madlobas gixdiT, rom saSu-
romelzec qalbatoni arCevnebis msvle- aleba momeciT, im sazogadoebis nawili
lobas adevnebs Tvalyurs da qalba- gavmxdariyavi, romelsac Tqven _ masme-
toni, romelic saarCevno ubanze xmis diis saSualebebi _ aSuqebT axal ambeb-
misacemad movida. fotografma icoda, Si~.
rom adre rodesac sazogadoebaSi mama-
kacebi dominirebdnen, amgvar suraTs ar seminaris xelmZRvanels:
gamoaqveynebdnen. fotografis mier ga- am etapze seminaris xelmZRvanelma xazi
daRebuli suraTi axali dRis dadgomis unda gausvas imas, rom masalebSi movle-
mauwyebelia. fotografi albaT sxva sa- nebis amsaxveli kadrebis SerCeva da ga-
arCevno ubanze wavidoda, anda, ubra- moyeneba masmediis gadawyvetilebis
lod, iseT suraTs gadaiRebda, romel- mimReb TanamSromelTa prerogativaa.
zec qalebis magivrad mamakacebi iqne- rogor unda Seicvalos gadawyveti-
bodnen gamosaxulni. am SemTxvevaSi, lebis miRebis procesi, rom sagazeTo
fotografma cvlileba daafiqsira. fo- Tu satelevizio masalebSi mravalfe-
toze asaxuli cvlileba garkveul gav- rovnebis gaSuqeba gaizardos? gadaxe-
lenas iqoniebs mkiTxvelsa Tu mayure- deT am modulSi ganxilul videokad-
belze. igi igrZnobs sazogadoebriv rebs da sagazeTo fotoebs. SeiZleboda
cxovrebaSi momxdar Zvrebs da masSi qa- Tu ara sxva kadrebis, suraTebis Ser-
lis rolis Secvlas. Ceva? rodis an vis unda gaekeTebina es
arCevani? xelmZRvanelma monawileebi
diskusiaSi unda aiyolios. maT unda
SeZlon movlenebis warmodgena da eca-

175
don airCion kadrebi fotografis an neba. karikaturebSi xSirad Cans umci-
operatoris mier gadaRebis momentSi. resobebis mimarT arsebuli stereoti-
mravalferovnebis gaSuqebisaTvis pebi.
saWiro xdeba aseve masmediis mier gamo- miuxedavad imisa, rom karikaturebi
yenebuli foto- an videoxelovnebis sxva saxis fenomenia, maTi Sefaseba ma-
ramdenime nimuSidan erTis SerCeva. Ti- inc SesaZlebelia, gansakuTrebiT maSin,
Toeulma pirma, romlis movaleobasac rodesac karikatura xels uwyobs ste-
kadrebis gadaReba da SerCeva warmoad- reotipebis gavrcelebas, sazogadoebis
gens, unda gaarkvios, Tu ra jobia masa- gaxleCas, an zizRisa da undoblobis
lis ilustrirebisa da, imavdroulad, gaZlierebas. amis Svela Jurnaliste-
rac SeiZleba meti mkiTxvelis mozid- bisa da masmediis organizaciebis mi-
visaTvis. marT mudmivi yuradRebiTa da msjelo-
biT SeiZleba.
seminaris xelmZRvanels: moiZieT karikaturis magaliTebi da
adgilobrivi an erovnuli gazeTebidan maTi aslebi TiToeul monawiles dauri-
SearCieT ori-sami dausuraTebeli sta- geT. hkiTxeT maT, aris Tu ara romelime
tia, romelTa safuZvelzec monawile- karikaturaSi iseTi ram, rasac isini Se-
ebi imsjeleben. mravalferovnebis pri- uracxmyofelad miiCneven; anda rasac
ncipebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ra saxis fo- sxva eTnikuri, rasobrivi an religiuri
tonimuSebi iqneboda saukeTeso, am masa- warmomavlobis adamiani miiCnevda Seu-
lebSi aRwerili movlenebis ilustri- racxyofad? nuTu monawileebs sjeraT,
rebisaTvis. TvalsaCinoebisaTvis maTi rom karikaturiT gadmocemuli azri
mosazrebebi TiToeuli statiis Sesaxeb Seuracxyofad [Tundac Seuracxyofis
qaRaldis did furclebze CamowereT. saSiSroebad] Rirs? monawileTa pasuxe-
procesis dasrulebis Semdeg SesTava- bi aTvlis wertilad gamoiyeneT, raTa
zeT maT, rom igive procesi gamoiyenon gaarkvioT, rodis aris karikaturis sa-
im masalebisaTvis, romelTa ilustri- xiT warmodgenili saredaqcio komenta-
rebazec TviTon arian pasuxismgebelni. ri imdenad Seuracxmyofeli, rom saf-
rogor moaxerxebda TiToeuli monawi- rTxes uqmnis mosaxleobis romelime
le sakuTar organizaciaSi am procesis segments.
danergvas?
redaqtoruli komentari: karikatu- imsjeleT karikaturasa da statiebisa
rebi Tu satelevizio gadacemebis Tanmxleb
karikatura Zalze sayuradRebo Janria. fotomasalebs Soris arsebuli gansxva-
karikatura ar unda iyos raRac gansa- vebis Sesaxeb. ra gansxvavebul standar-
kuTrebulis. zogjer is eqstremaluri tebs unda akmayofilebdes TiToeuli
politikuri poziciebis an socialuri maTgani? sazogadoebas Tu esmis maT So-
daZabulobis asaxvis mizniT gamoiye- ris gansxvaveba? rogor fiqroben mona-

176
wileebi, ra unda gakeTdes Seuracxmyo- samoqmedo gegmis Sevsebas daiwyebs, is
feli karikaturis gamoqveynebis SemTx- mTelma jgufma unda ganixilos. semina-
vevaSi? ra moxdeba, Tu vinmem amis gamo ris xelmZRvanelma unda miuTiTos maT,
iCivla? ra moxdeba, Tu yvelam icis, rom rom rac SeiZleba konkretulni iyon
is Seuracxmyofelia, magram aravin ar dasaxuli miznebis, saWiro saSualebe-
Civis? is faqti, rom aravin Civis imas bis, da ganxorcielebis ganrigis aRwe-
xom ar niSnavs, rom sazogadoebasa da risas. girCevdiT, rom individualuri
masmedias Soris raRac problema arse- samoqmedo gegma eqvsTviani vadiT da-
bobs, romlis gamosworebazec masmediam igegmos, Tumca es ukve xelmZRvanelisa
unda ifiqros? da jgufis gadasawyvetia, romelmac es
gegma unda ganixilos, sanam jgufis wev-
individualuri samoqmedo gegma rebi ukeT gaecnobodnen gegmaSi aRniS-
individualuri samoqmedo gegma Jurna- nul valdebulebebs. seminaris bolos,
listebis mier mravalferovnebis gaSu- rodesac monawileebi Seavseben indivi-
qebis treiningis dros Catarebuli dualur samoqmedo gegmebs, sTxoveT,
msjelobis, analizisa da swavlebis Zi- rom TiToeulma maTganma sakuTari geg-
riTadi Sedegia. es aris saSualeba, ro- ma mTel jgufs gauziaros.
melic xels Seuwyobs monawileebs, aq- seminaris xelmZRvanelma Canawerebi
tiurad Caeban Tavis yoveldRiur pro- unda gaakeTos TiToeuli monawilis ge-
fesionalur saqmianobaSi. ufro metic, gmis Sesaxeb. es mas daexmareba Sefase-
radgan Jurnalistebi marto individua- baSi, romelic Semdgom aris ganxiluli.
lurad ki ar moqmedeben, aramed kole- idealur SemTxvevaSi seminaris xelm-
gebTan, sxva organizaciebTan, profe- ZRvaneli gegmaSi aRniSnuli vadis dad-
siul asociaciebTan da kavSirebTanac gomisTanave Seafasebs mas. radganac
TanamSromloben, individualuri sa- Jurnalistika mravalferovnebis gaSu-
moqmedo gegma sxva adamianebze da or- qebis TvalsazrisiT xSirad pirovnula-
ganizaciebze zemoqmedebis meqanizmi dac da institucionaluradac rTulia,
xdeba. ganxorcielebis Sefasebis ganrigi ga-
seminaris xelmZRvanelma unda gamo- moqveynebuli masalebis ganxilvis saSu-
iyenos momdevno gverdze mocemuli in- alebas warmoadgens. is Semdgom disku-
dividualuri samoqmedo gegmis forma siebsac uwyobs xels da mravalferov-
da, saWiroebisamebr, daumatos an amo- nebis gaSuqebis mimarT dasaxul miznebs
iRos SekiTxvebi. Tumca, aseve SesaZle- aZlierebs. saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, gan-
belia zogierTi kiTxvis damateba an Se- xorcielebis Sefasebis instituciona-
cvla. seminaris dawyebis win daurigeT lizeba moxdeba an ganxorcielebis Se-
is TiToeul monawiles, raTa maT prog- fasebis seminarebisa da publikaciebis
ramis msvlelobisas mxedvelobaSi iqo- saxiT Tu sxva, magaliTad, samsaxureb-
nion Tavisi monawileobis Sedegi. sanam rivi treiningisa da daxmarebis formiT.
TiToeuli monawile individualuri

177
individualuri samoqmedo gegma CamowereT im saqmeTa mokle aRweri-
loba, romelTa ganxorcielebasac api-
gaxsovdeT misia _ gazeTis, radiosa Tu rebT programis dasawyisSi dasaxuli
televiziis, rogorc sazogadoebis Sec- miznebis misaRwevad. Tqveni gegma eqvs-
nobisa da tolerantulobis saSualebebis Tvian periodze gaanawileT; yoveli
mimarT ndobisa da dafasebis gaZliereba. eqvsTviani intervalis Semdeg ganixi-
lavT miRweul Sedegebs. im masmediis
gaxsovdeT ZiriTadi miznebi: Camoyalibebis saqmeSi win rom waiwevT,
movlenebis gaSuqebisas Sexedulebe- romelic sazogadoebis Secnobasa da
*
bisa da suraTebis mravalferovnebis tolerantulobas afasebs, mere axali
gazrda miznebi. axali samoqmedo gegma mtkice
gancxadebebia, romlebic konkretul
*Tan,arsebul da potenciur mkiTxvel-

msmenelTan Tu mayurebelTan kav-
moqmedebebs aRniSnavs. es is moqmedebe-
bia, romelTa ganxorcielebac, Tqveni
Sirebis gaZliereba rwmeniT, saintereso iqneba programis
dasrulebis Semdeg. samoqmedo gegma
sazogadoebis yvela segmentSi mkiT- unda ganixiloT rogorc Tqveni piradi
*
xvelTa, msmenelTa da mayurebelTa au- gegma zemoaRniSnuli misiis gansaxor-
ditoriis gafarToeba cieleblad. mniSvnelovania, rom iseTi
miznebi daisaxoT, romelTa miRwevas da
sakuTar organizaciaSi jgufuri mu- SenarCunebas eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi an
*
Saobisa da urTierTobebis xel-Sewyoba ufro didxans SeZlebT.
programis Sedegad aTvisebuli codnis ramdenime magaliTi: saWiroebisamebr

gamoyenebis saqmeSi individualuri sa- gamoiyeneT damatebiTi adgili, rom ga-
moqmedo gegma erT-erT yvelaze mniS- navrcoT an SecvaloT modeli, anda
vnelovan nabijs warmoadgens. TiTo- iseTi samoqmedo ganacxadi SeimuSaoT,
eulma monawilem konkretuli gegma un- romelic TqvenTvis iqneba misaRebi.
da SeimuSaos, romelsac is Jurnalistis
yoveldRiuri saqmianobis ganxorci- 1) samsaxurSi, sxva JurnalistTan gan-
elebisas gamoiyenebs. vixilav mravalferovnebis principebs
erTi wuTiT dafiqrdiT, Tqvens saq- da gauziareb treiningis msvlelobisas
mianobaSi konkretulad ra gzebiT Se- miRebul masalebs. amas [am droisaTvis]
udgebiT azrebisa da suraTebis mraval- ................-mde gavakeTeb.
ferovnebis gazrdas, stereotipebis
ngrevas, enis marTebul gamoyenebas da, 2) ufro marTebulad gamoviyeneb enas
zogadad, mravalferovnebis yvela im da Tvalyurs mivadevneb Cems muSaobas,
sakiTxis gaTvaliswinebas, romlebic raTa aRmovfxvra kliSeebi da iseTi sit-
programis msvlelobisas ganvixileT. yvebi, romlebic, SesaZloa, romelime

178
jgufisaTvis Seuracxmyofeli iyos.
amas [am droisaTvis] ................-mde gava-
keTeb.
3) enis ukeT xmarebis warmatebul gzebs

sxva Jurnalistebsac gauziareb. amas [am
droisaTvis] ..................-mde gavakeTeb.
4) sxva TanamSromlebisaTvis movawyob

seminars, rom mravalferovnebis prin-
cipebi ganvixiloT. amas [am droisaTvis]
.....................-mde gavakeTeb.
5) Tvalyurs mivadevneb Cveni gazeTis an

televiziis mier gaSuqebuli movlene-
bis amsaxvel suraTebs an kadrebs da mi-
vuTiTeb, an informaciis Segrovebas ise
davgegmav, rom Cem mier momzadebul ma-
salebSi mravalferovani saxeebis gaSu-
qeba gaxdes SesaZlebeli _ daviwyeb [am
dros] ......................
SeniSvna: es mxolod samoqmedo gegmis

magaliTebia. am modelebis safuZvelze
sakuTari gancxadebebi CamowereT. iya-
viT konkretuli da realisturi. ara
aqvs mniSvneloba, ramdenad martivi iq-
neba Tqveni gancxadebebi, gaxsovdeT,
rom, Tu TiToeuli Cvengani nabijs ga-
dadgams masmediaSi mravalferovnebis
zrdisaken, droTa ganmavlobaSi sazoga-
doebis Secnobisa da tolerantulobis
damkvidrebis saSualebis Camoyalibebas
mivuaxlovdebiT.

179
14. glosariumi

180
glosariumi
antisemitizmi ebraelTa diskirminacia maTi religiuri rwmenisa da

adaT-wesebis mimarT arsebuli stereotipebis an eTnikur
safuZvelze
gantevebis vacis xalxis mTeli kategoriis an am jgufis wevrebad miCneuli

Zieba pirebisaTvis socialuri, ekonomikuri da sxva problemis
gamo bralis dadeba, rodesac, sinamdvileSi, es proble-
mebi mravali da metad rTuli mizizebiT aris gamowveuli.
diskriminacia mTel rig sferoebSi sxva kuluturis, eTnikuri sazoga-

doebis da socialuri jgufebis warmomadgenelTaTvis
samarTlianad an Tanasworad mopyrobis uaryofa. es Se-
exeba dasaqmebas, sacxovrebeli adgiliT uzrunvelyofas,
politikur uflebebs da sazogadoebrivi momsaxurebis
adgilebs.
dogmatizmi sakuTari Sexedulebebis, cxovrebis wesisa da rwmenis brma

da usafuZvlo mimdevroba da jiuti winaaRmdegobis gaweva
gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebisa da maTi mimdevrebisaTvis
eTnocentrizmi adamianis mier, cnobierad Tu gaucnobiereblad, sxva eT-

nikuri jgufis Sefaseba, mis sakuTari eTnikuri jgufSi
gabatonebuli faseulobebis, standartebisa da kriteri-
umebis mixedviT da alternatiuli Sexedulebebisa da mid-
gomebis ingorireba.
eijizmi adamianis diskriminacia asakobrivi niSniT an moxucebis

mimarT arsebuli stereotipis safuZvelze.
zizRis pirze an mis qonebaze Tavdasxma, Seviwroeba an raime sxva

gamomJRavneba agresiuli, Zaladobrivi qmedeba, romelic am admianis
rasobrivi warmomavlobis, religiuri mrwamsis, sqesis,
seqsualuri orientaciis an raime sxva niSnis gamo xdeba.

181
Tanasworuflebianoba mdgomareoba, rodesac romelime pirs iseTive Rirseba,
rangi an privilegiebi aqvs mikuTvnebuli, rogorc yvela
danarCens.
invalidoba fizikuri an gonebrivi nakli, romelic aferxebs an xels

uSlis adamianis moZraobas an qcevas an uaryofiT gavlenas
axdens mis inteleqtualur funqcionirebaze.
klasizmi adamianis diskriminacia socialur-ekonomikuri mdgoma-

reobis safuZvelze.
mravalkulturuloba kulturaTa, religiaTa, eTnikur sazogadoebaTa da erT

sazogadoebaSi mcxovreb sxva jgufTa farTo speqtris
aRiareba da pativiscema.
mravalferovneba pirovnebebsa da jgufebs Soris gansxvavebuli maxasiaTeb-

lebisa da Tvisebebis arseboba, miuxedavad imisa, es misi
piradi arCevanis Sedegi iqneba [ganaTleba, geografiuli
adgilmdebareoba, ojaxuri mdgomareoba, religiuri
mrwamsi] Tu misgan damoukidebeli mizezebiT ganpirobe-
buli [asaki, sqesi, seqsualuri orientacia, invalidoba...].
rasizmi diskriminacia da crurwmena rasobrivi niSniT imis bral-

debiT, rom erTi eTnikuri jgufi bunebrivad aRemateba
meores Tavisi inteleqtiT, moraluri TvisebebiT, rwme-
niT, cxovrebis wesiTa da sxva maxasiaTeblebiT.
seqsualuri orientacia piris seqsualuri interesi sapirispiro, imave, anda orive

sqesis warmomadgenelTa mimarT.
stereotipi farTod ganzogadebuli Sexeduleba mTeli jgufis Sesa-

xeb, romlic gamoricxavs maT Soris individualuri gans-
xvavebebis arsebobis SesaZleblobas.
tolerantuloba kulturebis, socialuri jgufebis an eTnikuri sazoga-

doebebis wes-Cveulebebis da rwmenis aRiareba, maTTan sa-
Ri azriTa da moTminebiT midgoma; Semwynarebloba.

182
qsenofobia ucxoelebis, sxva kulturisa Tu eTnikuri jgufebis war-
momadgenlebis mimarT Rrma antipaTia, SiSi an zizRi.
winaswarganwyoba xalxis mTeli kategoriis mimarT iracionaluri eWvi an

zizRi. sxva xalxis uaryofiTi Sefaseba mxolod an Ziri-
Tadad maTi eTnikuri, religiuri an socialuri jgufis
wevrobis gamo.
heteroseqsizmi cnobieri Tu gaucnobierebeli mopyroba, romelic hete-

homoseqsualizmisa da roseqsualizmTan SedarebiT maT udao arasrulfasovne-
biseqsualizmis mimarT bas gulisxmobs.
homofobia homoseqsualTa da biseqsualTa mimarT SiSi an zizRi.

183
mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis qseli
samxreT kavkasiis ganyofileba
azerbaijanis helsinkis moqalaqeTa asamblea _ baqo;

arzu abdulaeva _ direqtori
baqos pres-klubi _ baqo;

arif alievi _ direqtori
URL: www.pressclub.az
Savi zRvis presis asociacia _ Tbilisi;

aliona imedaSvili _ direqtori
Tavisuflebis instituti _ Tbilisi;

levan ramiSvili _ direqtori
URL: www.liberty.ge
JurnalistTa klubi àsparezi~ _ giumri;

levon barsegiani _ prezidenti
URL: http://www.asparez.am
stefanakertis pres-klubi _ stefanakerti;

gegam bagdasariani _ prezidenti
URL: http://demo.ktsurf.net
erevnis pres-klubi _ erevani;

boris navasardiani _ prezidenti
URL: http://www.ypc.am

184
185
mediis mravalferovnebis institutis Sesaxeb
m
ediis mravalferovnebis instituti arakomerciuli, arapolitikuri orga-
nizaciaa, romlis Stab-binac londonSi mdebareobs. organizaciis mizania,
rom ganviTarebad sazogadoebebSi, mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saSualebiT,
xeli Seuwyos konfliqtebis mogvarebas.
mediis mravalferovnebis institutis mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis qseli

Tavs uyris Jurnalistebs, masmediis organizaciebs, masmediis xelSewyobis
centrebs, Jurnalistur skolebs. misi mizania, erToblivi ZalisxmeviT mox-
des masmediis Zalebis mobilizeba, rom xeli Seuwyos mravalferovnebis, um-
ciresobaSi myofi sazogadebebis, adamianTa uflebebisa da jgufebs Soris
konfliqtis ufro Rrma gagebas. mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis qseli xels
uwyobs Jurnalistikis maRalprofesiuli standartebis damkvidrebas um-
ciresobebis, mravalferovnebisa da intereTnikuri urTierTobebis gaSu-
qebis sakiTxebSi. qseli aseve cdilobs, rom xeli Seuwyos gaSuqebis xerxebisa
da mosamzadebeli saSualebebis SemuSavebas, aseve praqtikul iniciativebs,
romlebic Zalze mniSvnelovania am maRali standartebis miRwevisaTvis.
obieqturi, swori, keTilganwyobili da siRmiseuli gaSuqeba aucilebelia

gansxvavebul jgufebs Soris urTierTgagebis xelSewyobisaTvis. masmedia
xSirad gamxdara crurwmenebisa da diskriminaciis gavrcelebis iaraRi. mas-
mediis mravalferovnebis instituti, miznad isaxavs amis Secvlas. Cven gvin-
da, rom masmedia iqces adamianis uflebebisa da demokratiis ganmtkicebis
saSualebad.
am miznebis miRwevas Cven ganaTlebis, treiningisa da TanamSromlobis

saSualebiT vcdilobT. Cven vTanamSromlobT:
moqmed JurnalistebTan;
*
Jurnalistikis profesor-maswavleblebTan;
* masmediis saSualebebis mflobelebTan da gadawyvetilebis mimReb
* pirebTan;
masmediis, adamianis uflebebisa da umciresobaTa interesebis damcvel
* organizaciebTan.

186
yovlismomcveli midgoma, mravalferovnebis sakiTxTa nebismieri kuTxiT ganxilva
institutis gamorCeul mxareebs warmoadgens. Jurnalistebsa da mas-mediis mene-
jerebs Cven Jurnalistikis saukeTeso magaliTebs SevaswavliT; umciresobaTa in-
teresebis damcvel organizaciebs masmediasTan urTierTobebs vaswavliT; Cven
vTanamSromlobT umciresobaTa masmediis gaZlierebis sakiTxebze da aseve vTa-
namSromlobT Jurnalizmis profesor-maswavleblebTan, romlebmac Jurnaliste-
bis momavali Taobebi unda aRzardon.
mediis mravalferovnebis institutes saqmianoba cxra ZiriTad sferod iyofa:

1) Jurnalistebisa da masmediis saSualebebis mmarTvel pirTa treiningi mraval-
ferovnebis sakiTxebze
2) gamocdil JurnalistTa profesionaluri ganviTareba da praqtikuli treiningi
mravalferovnebis gaSuqebaSi
3) mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis sagamomcemlo iniciativebi, jgufuri gaSuqebisa
da axali ambebis saagentoebis CaTvliT
4) Jurnalistikis profesor-maswavleblebTan erTad mravalferovnebis saswavlo
programis SemuSaveba
5) umciresobis warmomadgenelTa treiningi sazogadoebasTan da mas-mediasTan
urTierTobebSi
6) masmediis saSualebiT Serigebis procesis xelSemwyobi proeqtebi
7) mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb literaturis da saxelmZRvaneloebis gamocema
8) konfliqtis Semdgomi profesionaluri ganviTareba JurnalistebisaTvis,
romelSic gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba travmisSemdgomi stresis sindroms
9) masmediis monitoringi mravalferovnebis sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi

187
mediis mravalferovnebis saxelmZRvanelo
avtori: devid taileri
gamomcemlebi:
artur papaiani, elene aladaSvili, elSad farzalievi

da lidia el-xouri
ydis dizaini:
leonard vicinic
dakabadoneba:
besik danelia
beWdva:
Sps `sezani~

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mediis mravalferovnebis instituti, 2004

Sedgenilia mediis mravalferovnebis institutis mier

es dokumenti momzadebulia evrogaerTianebisa da niderlandebis sagareo saqmeTa saministros

winasityvaoba jon ouenisa

azerbaijanis helsinkis moqalaqeTa asamblea; baqos pres-klubi; Savi zRvis presis

10 jon oueni winasityvaoba

104 ltolvilebi da qveynis SigniT iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi

mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo

Tu gindaT gaigoT, ra saxis gamowvevebis winaSe dgas mediis mravalferovnebis

mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo

si bi es-is satelevizio axali ambebis

mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo

mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo

2003 wels me gaxldiT mwvrTneli erT-erT seminarze, romelic eZRvneboda me-

mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo

mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo

mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo

mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo

mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo

J urnalistis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani amocanaa daweros imaT Sesaxeb,

rCevebi informaciis wyaroTa mosaZieblad

masalebisaTvis wyaroTa moZiebis zogierTi strategia ZiriTadad gansxva-

rodesac statias eTnikur, socialur, religiur Tu sxva umciresobaTa

*ZalayuradReba gmarTebT sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis xmarebisas. sityvas didi

mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo

masalis Segrovebisas ecadeT gaacnobieroT _ rame winaswarganwyoba xom ara

yuradRebiT iyaviT iseTi frazebis xmarebisas, rogoricaa: `yvelasaTvis cno-

socialur jgufebs Soris mimdinare konfliqtTa garemoebebi xSirad Zalze

erTmaneTisagan gasxvavebuli xalxis gaSuqeba mxolod Tanabrad warmoCenisa

*stimovlenaTa gaSuqebisas, ecadeT msmenelsa Tu mkiTxvels am movlenaTa konteq-

mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo

sxva sazogadoebaSic eZieT wyaroebi masalebisTvis. moZebneT iseTi pirebi, rom-

iyaviT skeptikuri. gadaamowmeT faqtebi. Seumowmeblad arasdros endoT naam-

ar gegonoT, rom eTnikuri an sxva umciresobebi monoliTuri erTeulebia. mi-

bevrs Zalze uaryofiTi damokidebuleba aqvs gansxvavebuli socialuri jgufe-

mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo

*buliyaviT yuradRebiani da dafiqrebuli. unda gesmodeT, rom Tqvengan gansxvave-

intervius aRebisas darwmundiT, rom yvela maTi winapiroba sworad gesmiT.

Tu arCevis SesaZlebloba gaqvT, interviusTvis iseTi adgili moZebneT, sadac

*romwinaswar CamowereT kiTxvebi, romlebis dasmasac apirebT. magram gaxsovdeT,

mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo

*undamiuxedavad imisa, rom gansxvavebulni arian, ar dauwyoT miTiTeba, Tu rogor

ecadeT gaicnobieroT umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebis mimarT TqvenSi arse-

gaxsovdeT, rom Tqveni wyaroebi eqspertebi arian. eqsperti mxolod eqims an

saubris dasasruls hkiTxeT, Tu icnoben iseT pirebs, romlebic intervius mi-

rac mTavaria, dafiqrdiT, rogor iyenebT mowodebul informacias. rodesac

mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo

mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo

e Tnikurma dapirispirebam aSkarad udidesi damangreveli roli iTamaSa

nurasodes dawerT statias, sanam intervius ar aiRebT im xalxisgan, ro-

mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo

yuradRebiT SearCieT sityvebi da gamoTqmebi. moerideT Seuracxmyofeli sit-

eZieT informaciis wyaroebi gansxvavebuli eTnikuri warmomavlobis sazoga-

*lasadaukvirdiT sakuTar Tavs, rom Tqvens TavSi winaswarganwyoba amoicnoT. yve-

darwmundiT, rom momxdar movlenebsa da Seqmnil mdgomareobas saWiro konteq-

mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo

dapirispirebul jgufebSi xalxs gaesaubreT. nu dasjerdebiT mxolod imaTTan

*ze. nu gaamaxvilebT yuradRebas eTnikuri dapirispirebis mxolod aSkara Sedegeb-

*Rebimovlenebis ormxrivi gaSuqebisas ecadeT aRmoaCinoT orive mxarisaTvis misa-

ecadeT aramebrZolTa emociebsa da, imavdroulad, uSualod velze mimdinare

mravalferovnebis gaSuqebis saxelmZRvanelo

gaxsovdeT, iyaviT skeptikuri. konfliqtSi monawile nurc erT mxares nu mis-

ugulebelyaviT xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa Tu sxvaTa moTxovnebi, rom

bevrs Zalze uaryofiTi damokidebuli aqvs gansxvavebuli eTnikuri jgufebis