sasamrTlo organizaca da procesi

sasamarTlos pirvandeli formebi

Zveli qarTuli samarTali sxva qveynebis msgavsad, sakanonmdeblo wesiT calke
ar gamoyofda samoqalaqo da sisxlis procesebs da arc materialur da
procesualur normebs.

sasamarTloebis uZvelesi forma samediatoro sasamarTlo iyo

samediatoro sasamarTlos ZiriTadi daniSnuleba mxareTa mSvidobiani
morigeba iyo.

es sasamarTloebi gvarovnuli wyobilebis dros moqmedebda.

gvarSi warmoSobil konfliqtebs gvaris ufrosi wyvetda, xolo gvarebs Soris
warmoSobil konfliqtebs ki mediatorebi. mediatorebs modave mxareebi
irCevdnen, rom saqme mSvidobianad mogvarebuliyo da Tavidan
aecilebinaT sisxlisRvrebi da omebi.
 sasamarTlos pirvandeli formebi

sasamarTloebis erT-erT saxes saxalxo krebebi warmoadgenda.

ra Tqma unda saxalaxo krebebisaTvis samarTalwarmoeba ar iyo ZiriTadi
funqcia, magram es krebebi sxva sakiTxebTan erTad sadavo
sakiTxebsac ixiladnen.

sasamarTlo funqciebi umaRlesi administraciuli uflebis mqone pirebs

gaaCndaT, maT Soris - umaRles samxedro mTavarsardals.

iberiaSi mefis Semdgom meore piri samxedro saqmesa da marTlmsajulebas

axorcielebda da aseve TviT mefesac honda marTlmsajulebis funqcia.
 sasamarTlos pirvandeli formebi

gaerTianebul feodalur saqarTeloSi ori mTavari sasamarTlo uwyeba

funqcionirebda:
 sakaTalikoso sasamarTlo dawesebulebebi – mas “sasjulo samrebloi”
erqva da ixilavda qarTuli eklesiis yvela dawesebulebaSi Semaval pirTa
saqmeebs, maT Soris samonastro ymebis saqmeebsac

 samefo sasamarTlo dawesebulebebi – mas “samarTali sameufeo”

ewodeboda da mefe axorcielebda uzenaes marTlmsajulebas.

saxelmwifos gaZlerebasTan erTad mefe veRar ganixilavda yvela saqmes da

igi monawileobda mxolod gaxmaurebuli da mniSvnelovani saqmeebis
ganxilvaSi.
Cveulebrivi saqmeebis gansaxilvelad mefes Camouyalibebia -“saajo kari”
igive -“sabWo” igive -“samsjavro saxli”.
 sasamarTlos pirvandeli formebi

saajo kari – sasamarTlo dawesebulebaa, romelsac saTaveSi udgas mefis Semdeg

yvelaze dawinaurebuli, yvelaze maRali moxele – mwignobarTuxucesi
Wyondideli, romelic kviraSi mxolod erT dRes – orSabaTobiT ixilavda
saqmeebs.
magram es uwyeba sxva dReebSic muSaobda da sxva mosamarTleebi
axorcielebdnen marTlmsajulebas.
“saajo kari” umaRlesi instanciis sasamarTlo dawesebuleba iyo, sadac
ganixileboda qvemdgomi sasamarTloebis gadawyvetilebiT ukmayofilo pirTa
saCivrebi, anu “saajo kari” – uzenaesi sasamarTlos funqciebs asrulebda.
“saajo karSi” – saqmeebs erTpirovnulad ar ixilavdnen, kolegialurad – sami
wevris SemadgenlobiT: mwignobarTuxuces WyondidelTan erTad
monawileobda sawolis da zardaxanis mwignobari.
 sasamarTlos pirvandeli formebi

saxelmwifo sabWo anu darbazi – agreTve asrulebda sasamarTlo funqciasac.

mefe metad rTuli sameebisaTvis darbazs iwvevda xolme.
aseve arsebobda specialuri sasamarTloebi – maT Soris mparavTmZebnelTa
sasamarTlo, romlis daniSnulebac iyo qurdebis Zebna, maTi aRmoCena da
gasamarTleba. am saqmes emsaxurebodnen moxeleebi anu “Cenilni” da
maT mier xdeboda qurdebis gasamarTleba, CamoxrCoba Tu
“ganpatiJeba”.
mparavTmZebnelni - ufrosi moxeleebi iyvnen, xolo Cenilni - ki maTi
xelqveiTni.
aseve arsebobda wodebriobebis mixedviT agebuli sasamarTloebi.
aseve arsebobda calkeul feodalTa sasamarTloebi – feodals Tavis mamulSi
sasamarTlo hqonda da igi uSualod an Tavisi moxeleebis meSveobiT
asamarTlebda Tavis ymebs.
 sasamarTlos pirvandeli formebi
amrigad gaerTianebul feodalur saqarTveloSi arsebobda
Semdegnairi sasamarTlo sistema:
 umaRlesi mosamarTle iyo mefe, romelic uSualod an
specialur pirTa meSveobiT ixilavda saqmeebs.
 darbazs gaaCnda sasamarTlo funqciebi
 saajo kari - anu umaRlesi instanciis sasamarTlo, romelsac
mwignobarTuxucesi Wyondideli xelmZRvanelobda
 sakaTalikoso (saeklesio) sasamarTlo, romelic ixilavda
saeklesio davis saqmeebs.
 samparavTmZebnelo sasamarTlo
 wodebrivi sasamarTloebi
 feodalTa sasamarTloebi, sadac feodalebi axorcielebdnen
marTlmsajulebas.
sasamarTlos organizcia gvianfeodalur saqarTveloSi

monRolTa batonobis Sedegad saqarTelos erTianoba dairRva da

Sesabamisad sasamarTlo organizaciac samefo-samTavroebis
mixedviT unda ganvixiloT:

 sasamarTlo organizacia qarTl-kaxeTSi

 sasamarTlo organizacia imereTSi
 sasamarTlo organizacia dasavleT saqarTvelos samTavroebSi
 sasamarTlo organizacia qarTl-kaxeTSi

 mefe rogorc mosamarTle

 darbazi rogorc sasamarTlo
 dedofali rogorc mosamarTle
 batoniSvilebis sasamarTlo saqmianoba
 gansakuTrebuli Semadgenlobis sasamarTlo
 saeklesio sasamarTlo
 dikasteria adaTi/Cveuleba
 mdivanbegTa sasamarTlo
 feodali rogorc mosamarTle
 mouravi rogorc mosamarTle
 meliqisa da mamasaxlisis sasamarTlo funqciebi
 qedxuda rogorc mosamarTle
 bWe-mediatori
 mefe rogorc mosamarTle:
saCivrebs arCevda TviTon an gadaugzavnida sasamarTloebs an
specialurad vinmes avalebda gansaxilvelad.
mefe Tavisi survilisamebr ixilavda saqmeebs
ZeglebSi arsad ar moiZebneba gasaCivrebis wesi –mefe xelmeored
saqmes an isev TviTon ixilavda an kidev sxvas avalebda
mefe ganusazRvreli uflebebiT sargeblobda -instanciebi ar arsebobda da
saqmes sabolood arCevda isev sasamarTlo, magram mefesTan SeiZleboda
ganaCenis gasaCivreba (aseve batoniSvilebTanac SeiZleboda gasaCivreba)
sigelis warTmevis saqme aucileblad mefes unda ganexila – es iyo
erTaderTi saqme romelic aucileblad mefes unda ganexila, radgan mas unda
aRedgina warTmeuli da ganadgurebuli sigelebi.
 sasamarTlo organizacia qarTl-kaxeTSi

 mefis da kaTalikosis iurisdiqcias – orives erTad eqvemdebareboda –

mefisadmi orguloba, mefis salaros gatexva, saydris gatexva, colis
tanjva qmris mier, omis dros mefis Ralatis saqme da sxva.
 yvela mniSvnelovani da saWirboroto saqme mxolod mefis
iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda, magram e.w “did saqmeebs” mefe Tavis
darbazTan erTad ixilavda, xolo mdivanbegi danarCenebs, oRond mas
mefis ukiTxavad maTi garCevis ufleba ar hqonda
 mefe kviraSi or dRes oTxSabaTsa da paraskevs ijda samdivno saxlSi
anu sasamarTloSi, magram saWiroebisamebr mis gareTac arCevda
saqmeebs – mag. erekle II-s Tanmxleb armiaSi yovelTvis iyo mdivani
da erTi mdivanbegi, romelic monawileobda saqmis ganxilvaSi.
 sasamarTlo organizacia qarTl-kaxeTSi

mefis mier marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba – miznad isaxada mefis

avtoritetis ganmtkicebas da saukeTeso saSualeba iyo feodalTa
xelisuflebis SesazRudavad.

mefis ganaCens verc erTi feodali ver SeewinaRmdegeboda.

mefis gadwyvetileba saboloo iyo da gasaCivrebas ar eqvemdebareboda
(TviT mefis garda).

mefes ki ufleba hqonda gadaesinja nebismieri sasamarTlo ganaCeni an

SeeCerebina misi aRsruleba.
 sasamarTlo organizacia qarTl-kaxeTSi
darbazi – rogorc sasamarTlo:
mas sxva funqciebTan erTad sasamarTlo funqciebic ekisreboda. darbazi
gansakuTrebiT rTul sakiTxebs ganixilavda: mag. saxelmwifoebrivi
mniSvnelobis, didebulTa davebi da sxva.

darbazis Semadgenloba yoveli konkretuli saqmis ganxilvisas damokidebuli

iyo davis xasiaTsa da warmomavlobaze.
darbazis Semadgenlobas mefe gansazRvravda. darbazobas ZiriTadad sadao
teritoriidan mowveuli feodalebi eswrebodnen.
darbazs mefe Tavjdomareobda, magram misive nebarTviT SeiZleboda
darbazoba mefis gareSec Catarebuliyo.
 dedofali – rogorc sasamarTlo:
am faqts mxolod XVIII saukunis II naxevarSi vxvdebiT – erekle II-is
meuRle darejani, romelic mefis Semdeg rangiT meore mosamarTled
iTvleboda.
dedofali saqmes warmarTavda erTpirovnulad an sxva pirebTan erTad –
mdivanbegTa sasamarTlosac xSirad xelmZRvanelobda.
dedofali saqmes arCevda rogorc Tavisi iniciativiT aseve mxolod mefis
davalebiTac.
dedofals aseve SeeZlo saqmis warmoeba gadaeca batoniSvilisTvisac,
mdivanbegebisa da feodalebisTvisac.
mis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda yvela samoqalaqo dava, sisxlis samarTlis
saqmeebis ganxilva mas ar SeeZlo.
dedofals ori saxlTuxucesi hyavda: erTi - qarTlSi da meore kaxeTSi da
maT dedoflis iniciativiT aseve SeeZloT gaerCiaT dedoflis safeodalo-
sagamgebloSi wamoWrili davebi.
 batoniSvilebis sasamarTlo saqmianoba:
batoniSilTa sasamarTlo saqmianoba aqtiuria XVIII saukunis II
naxevarSi – erekle II-is srulwlovani Svilebi da SviliSvilebic aqtiurad
monawilebdnen qveynis politikur cxovrebaSi.
isini axorcielebdnen marTlmsajulebas mefis, dedoflis, iSviaTad
kaTalikosis da ZiriTadad sakuTari iniciativiT, maSin rodesac
momCivanebi piradad maT mimarTavdnen.
isini arCevdnen sasuliero xasiaTis an sasuliero wodebis pirebs Soris
davebs mxolod mefis nebarTviT.
isini saqmeebs arCevdnen rogorc damoukideblad aseve mdivanbegebTan
erTad. aseve avalebdnen mdivanbegebs, mouravebsa da sxva
moxeleebsac gaerCiaT saqmeebi.
isini ixilavdnen rogorc samoqalaqo aseve sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebsa.
 gansakuTrebuli Semadgenlobis sasamarTlo:

igi warmoadgenda iseT sasamarTlo Semadgenlobas, romelsac mefe

niSnavda konkretuli, erTi saqmis gasarCevad. am saqmis garCevis
Semdeg sasamarTlo iSleboda.
mas sasamarTlo funqciebi saerTod ar hqonda.
mefe masSi ar monawileobda.
igi an ramdenime kacisgan Sedgeboda, zogjer ki mravalricxovani iyo.
masSi Sediodnen rogorc saero, ise sasuliero pirebic.
aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom aseTi gansakuTrebuli sasamarTloebis
daniSvna mefis garda, SeeZlo yvela im pirs, visac ufleba hqonda sxva
pirisaTvis daevalebina saqmis warmoeba.
 saeklesio sasamarTlo:

saeklesio iuridiqcias eqvemdebareboda eklesiis yvela msaxuri da eklesia-

monastris yma aseve mosaxleoba zogierTi kategoriis saqmeze,
rogoricaa saojaxo-saqorwino urTierTobebi.
anu saeklesio iurisdiqciisadmi daqvemdebarebuloba ganisazRvreboda
subieqtebisa da saqmis Sinaarsis mixedviT.
kaTalikosis qvemdebare iyo magaliTad mkvleloba tanjvis miyenebiTa da
rwmenis, rjulis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli danaSauli.
iyo iseTi saqmeebi romelic mefisa da kaTalikosis qvemdebare iyo
erTdroulad.
zogirTi saqmisaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli iyo saero sasjeli, saeklesio epitimia
ki kaTalikoss unda ganesazRvra.
 dikasteria:

dikasterias uwodebdnen - სასამართლო ადგილს, რომელიც

მდებარეობდა ქალაქის მოედანზე. სახალხო მოსამართლეებს
დიკასტებსა და ჰელეასტებს უწოდებდნენ. ისტორიული
წყაროებით,  ჰეილეია იყო სახელმწიფოს უმაღლესი
სასამართლო ორგანო და შედგებოდა 5000 ათასი ძირითადი
და 1000 სათადარიგო მოსამართლისგან, რომლებსაც ირჩევდა
ხალხი.
XVIII saukunis II naxevris saeklesio iurisdiqcia dikasterias ukavSirdeba.
igi daarsa kaTalikosma anton I-ma, ruseTidan dabrunebis Semdeg.
dikasteria kaTalikoss eqvemdebareboda da misi saxeliT iRebda
gadawyvetilebebs.
sasamarTlo funqciebi aseve hqondaT monastrebis winamZRolebs,
romelTa zemdgomi iyo episkoposi, Semdeg kaTalikosi dikasteriasTan
erTad da bolos saeklesio kreba.
 kaTalikos-patriarqi iSviaTad monawileobda dikasteriis muSaobaSi,
Tumca amtkicebda mis ganaCenebsa da gadawyvetilebebs.
dikasteria saqmeebs ganixilavda kaTalikosis rezidenciaSi sami wevris
SemadgenlobiT, zogierT SemTxvevaSi xuTi wevriT. dikasterias
Tavjdomareobda yvelaze ufro maRali rangis sasuliero piri.
dikasteria ganixilavda:
monastrebis da eklesiebis davebs, maTi ymebis qonebis xelyofis
sakiTxebs, eklesia-monastrebis miwebisa da ymebis mimtacebelTa
winaaRmdeg, sasuliero pirebis yovelgvar uRirs saqciels rogorc yofaSi,
ise mRvdelmsaxurebaSi, maT mier Cadenil danaSaulebebs, Svilad
ayvanisa da ganqorwinebis sakiTxebs, ukanono qorwinebasTan
dakavSirebul saqmeebs, yofiT davebs ojaxis wevrTa Soris.
 saCivari iwereboda dikasteriis saxelze, Tumca xandaxan dikasterias
saqmeebs avalebda mefe, kaTalikosi, iSviaTad dedofali da batoniSvili.
sasamarTlo praqtikaSi gamoricxuli iyo sasuliero pirisaTvis saeklesio
sasjelis dakisreba saero mosamarTlis mier.
SeiZleboda, saero sasamarTlos ganexila saqmeebi, sadac mosarCele
sasuliero piri iyo, xolo mopasuxe saero, an piriqiT.
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebs, sadac dazaralebuli iyo sasuliero piri, xolo
braldebuli saero, saero sasamarTlo ganixilavda.
 mdivanbegTa sasamarTlo:

sasamarTlo dawesebulebas “divans” uwodebdnen, rac sparsuli sityvaa da

krebas, kancelarias, dawesebulebas niSnavs – “samdivno saxli”.
am sityvidanaa warmoSobili mdivanbegisa da mdivnis saxeli. igi
saqarTveloSi XVII saukunidan gvxvdeba.
centraluri xelsuflebis mdivanbegebis sasamarTlo sasamarTlo organizaciis
ZiriTadi, specializebuli dawesebuleba iyo. marTalia marTlmsajulebas
sxva pirebic asrulebdnen, magram mTavar figurad mainc mdivanbegi
gvevlineba, radgan igi iyo specializebuli sasamarTlo moxele, mxolod
sasamarTlo funqciebiT aRWurvili.
mdivanbegi ewodeboda sasamarTlos ufross, romelic ufrosi mosamarTle
iyo.
mdivanbegebis sasamarTlo kolegialuri iyo, wevrebis raodenoba zustad ar
iyo gansazRvruli, magram wyaroebidan irkveva, rom masSi sam
kacze naklebi ar unda Sesuliyo:
 mdivanbegi – ufrosi mosamarTle
 msajulebi – anu mosamarTleebi
 mdivani - romlis funqcias Seadgenda orive mxaris Cvenebebis
Cawera, agreTve samarTlis wignis im muxlebis wakiTxva, romlebic
gansaxilvel saqmes exebodnen
 iasaulni – romlebic or jgufad iyofodnen: pirveli _ “marTlis mTqmelni
uqrTamo iasaulni” – maT evalebodaT sagamoZiebo funqciis
Sesruleba da meore – “gawyromisa da daWeris iasaulni” – romelTac
evalebodaT damnaSaveTa Sepyroba da ganaCenis sisruleSi moyvana.
wyaroebidan irkveva, rom XVIII saukunis meore naxevarSi mdivanbegis
instituti sakmaod Zlieri iyo – mdivanbegTa raodenoba sul 28
Seadgenda.
mdivanbegi - mxolod mefis anu karis moxele iyo. mivanbegi arcerT
safeodalos ar hyavda da amitomac misi kompetencia mefis
xelisuflebis siZlieriT ganisazRvreboda.
mdivanbegs xeli miuwvdeboda sisxlisa da samoqalaqo xasiaTis yovelgvar
saqmeTa ganxilvaze, magram zogierT saqmes igi mainc arCevda,
radganac es saqmeebi sxva moxeleebs eqvemdebareboda.
sisxlisa da samoqalaqo samarTlis mniSvnelovani da rTuli saqmeebi
amoRebuli iyo adgilobrivi moxeleebisa da feodalebis iuridiqciidan
da isini mdivanbegs an kidev mefesa da darbazs eqvemdebareboda.
mefis xelisufleba cdilobda, rom gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani saqmeebi
amoRebuli yofiliyo adgilobrivi moxeleebisa da feodalebis
iurisdiqciidan da mdivanbegebs daqvemdebareboda.

zogierTi sisxlis samarTlis saqme (mag: mkvlelobis) mdivanbegis

gansakuTrebul kompetencias Seadgenda.
aseTi saqme karze unda garCeuliyo mdivanbegis mier. SesaZlebelia
mkvlelobis saqme Tu is gansakuTrebuli xasiaTis iyo, mefis an
darbazis garCevis saganic yofiliyo.
 anu e.w. “didi saqmeebi” mefis, darbazis da mdivanbegis gasarCevi iyo,
xolo yvela danarCeni, romelic “did saqmed” ar iTvleboda adgilobriv
moxeleebsa da feodalebs eqvemdebareboda.
mdivanbegi aseve arCevda im saqmeebs, romelzedac mas piradad
mimarTavdnen.
 moqalaqeTa saCivari – mouravs unda gaerCia
 sadedoflos sasamarTlo saqmeebi - dedoflis saxlTuxucess unda
gaerCia
magram am saqmeebidan Tu mxareebi piradad mdivanbegs
mimarTavdnen, igi uflebamosili iyo gaerCia saqme.
 feodali – rogorc mosamarTle

feodalis iurisdiqcias cxadia misi safeodalo eqvemdebareboda. igi arCevda

Tavis samflobeloSi momxdar rogorc sisxlis, ise samoqalaqo, SedarebiT
naklebadmniSvnelovan saqmeebs.
wyaroebidan irkveva, rom feodalebs im droisaTvis ukve aRar hqondaT
ganusazRvreli Zalaufleba TavianT ymebze. ymebi xSirad
mimarTavdnen mefes an misi ojaxis wevrebs.
mefisa da misi ojaxis wevrebis gankargulebiT, feodali arCevda davebs
sxva feodalebs Soris, romlebic feodaluri ierarqiiT masze dabla idgnen.
anu feodalebi arCevdnen centraluri xelisuflebisaTvis naklebad
mniSvnelovan saqmeebs.
 mouravi – rogorc mosamarTle

mouravi – adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis aparatis mniSvnelovani moxelea da

Tavdapirvelad sameurneo xasiaTis funqciebs asrulebda, xolo
Semdgom mas administraciuli da sasamarTlo funqciebic mieniWa.
mouravs xeli miwvdeboda mefis, dedoflis, batoniSvilebisa Tu feodalis
mcire xasiaTis sisxlisa da samoqalaqo saqmeebzec.
XVIII saukunis meore naxevridan sasamarTlo funqciebi mxolod mefis
mouravebs hqondaT dakisrebuli.
sxva mouravTa sasamarTlo funqciebis SezRudva mdivanbegTa
sasamarTlo saqmianobis gafarToebiT iyo ganpirobebuli.
mefis da gansakuTrebiT Tbilisis mouravis iurisdiqcia sakmaod farTo iyo.
Cveulebrivi mouravebi – TavianT sagamgeblo teritoriaze arCevdnen
samamulo, qonebriv davebs, saqmeebs valis gadauxdelobis gamo,
agvarebdnen konfliqtebs, aiZulebdnen damnaSaves aenazRaurebina
zarali.
Tbilisis mouravs ar hqonda ufleba ganexila samamulo davebi da
vaWarTa saqmeebi.
mouravs sasamarTlo funqciis ganxorcielebis dros “sarwmuno
moqalaqeebi” (qedxudebi, mosaxleobis mier arCeulni) axldnen Tan.
mouravs eqvemdebareboda iasauli, romelic organizacias ukeTebda
“sarwmuno moqalaqeebis” Tanmxleb saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvas
mxareebis mier arCeuli qalaqelebis monawileobiT, risTvisac mouravi
mas gasamrjelos uxdida.
mouravi saqmes erTpirovnulad arasdros ganixilavda.
kanoniT gansazRvruli iyo im pirTa wre, visTan erTadac Tbilsis mouravi
periferiebSi wyvetda saqmeebs – saqmis garCevas eswreboda sami-
oTxi “sarwmuno moqalaqe“, xolo vis airCevda igi, meliq-
mamasaxlisis, nacvlisa Tu qedxudebidan, mouravze iyo damokidebuli.
mouravi sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebidan ganixilavda iseT davebs,
rogoricaa:
Tavis gatexa, xelis motexa, kbilis Camodgeba, zogjer qurdobis
saqmeebsac ki.
yvela danaSauli, romelic mefis mosamarTleebamde – mdivanbegebamde
ar miaRwevda, dabali rangis Cinovnikebis gansaxilveli xdeboda.
Tbilisi meliq-mamasaxlisi da goris mamasaxlisi ufro mniSvnelovani
moxeleebi iyvnen. isini arasdros ar arCevdnen saqmeebs
erTpirovnulad. isini an TviTon Sediodnen sxva sasamarTloTa
SemadgenlobaSi wevrebad (mouravis TavjdomareobiT Semdgar
sasamarTloSi), an TviTon Tavjdomareobdnen sasamarTlos.
meliqi, mamasaxlisi da qedxudebi sxva sasamarTlos SemadgenlobaSi
maSin Sediodnen, rodesac modave mxareebi qalaqis mcxovreblebi
iyvnen da TviT davis obieqti qalaqTan iyo dakavSirebuli.
meliq-mamasaxlisis TavjdomareobiT gamarTul sasamarTlo procesze
monawileoba unda mieRo qedxudebs aucileblad da aseve sxva
pirebsac.
 qedxuda rogorc mosamarTle

qedxudebis onstituti mxolod XVIII ss I naxevris aRmosavleT

saqarTvelosTvisaa cnobili.
es instituti Sualeduri rgoli iyo saxelmwifo aparatsa da mosaxleobas Soris.
qedxudebis Tanamdeboba arCeviTi iyo.
calkeuli socialuri fenebi – qalaqeli vaWrebi, xelosnebi, aseve soflis
mcxovreblebi Tavisi wridan irCevdnen sruluflebian
warmomadgenlebs.
 mouravis sasamarTlo kolegiaSi
“sarwmuno moqalaqeni” swored qedxudebi iyvnen.
xolo privilegirebul fenaTa warmomadgenel qedxudebs mdivanbegebisa
da meliq-mamasaxlisis sasamarTlos wevrebadac vxvdebiT.

qedxudebi saqmeebs erTpirovnulad an kolegiurad ixilavdnen an kidev

sxva sasamarTlos wevrebi iyvnen.
qedxudebi saqmeebs arCevdnen mefis, dedoflis, batoniSvilebis,
kaTalikosis gankargulebiT.
isini mcire mniSvnelobis samoqalaqo davebs ganixilavdnen.
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis ganxilvaze maT xeli ar miuwvdebodaT.
 bWe-mediatori:

aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, ruseTTan SeerTebis win gamoiyeneboda

bWeTa anu mediatorTa sasamarTlo.
bWeebi mxareebis mier arCeuli mosamarTleebi iyvnen, romlebic mxolod
CveulebiTi samarTlis mixedviT ganixilavdnen davebs.
mxareebs SeeZloT aerCiaT or-ori, sam-sami an meti bWe.
bWeebis ZiriTadi funqcia mxareTa morigeba iyo. bWeebi saqmeebs
ganixilavdnen sanivTo urTierTobebis sferoSi (davebi ymebis, miwebis
mflobelobasTan), valdebulebiT davebs (qonebis ganawileba
memkvidreebs Soris).
bWeTa sasamarTlo yovelTvis kolegialuri iyo da CveulebiT samarTals
eyrdnoboda.
 bWe-mediatorTa sasamarTlos gadawyvetileba gasaCivrebas ar
eqvemdebareboda, Tumca es ar gamoricxavda saqmis xelmeored
ganxilvis SesaZleblobas.
sasamarTlo procesi zepirad mimdinareobda da gadawyvetilebaTa
werilobiT gaformeba savaldebulo ar iyo.
bWed SeiZleboda arCeuliyo nebismieri piri, rogorc saero, ise sasuliero.
 xevisTavi – rogorc mosamarTle

igi adgilobrivi xasiaTis moxelea.

xevisTavi weliwadSi erTxel Semoivlida misTvis gankuTvnil raions da

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebs ixilavda (ZiriTadad qurdobebs).

xevisTavs eZleoda garkveuli sazRauri im Tanxidan, romelsac qurdi

ixdida.

mas qurdebis gasamarTlebasTan erTad, maTi devnac evaleboda.

 sasamarTlo organizacia imereTSi

imereTSi uzenaesi mosamarTle mefe iyo.

igi an erTpirovnulad an sxvaTa TandaswrebiT arCevda saqmeebs an
kidv sxvebs avalebda.
sasamarTlo funqcias dedifali da batoniSvilebic axorcielebdnen.
sasuliero pirTa saqmeebs kaTalikosi arCevda – misi iurisdiqcia saeklesio
ymebzec vrceldeboda.
garkveuli sasamarTlo funqciebi hqondaT feodalebsa da mouravebs.
ZiriTadi samosamarTleo figura imereTSic mdivanbegia.
isini centraluri xelisuflebis moxeleebi arian. TiTqmis naxevari saukunis
ganmavlobaSi maTi raodenoba 8 kaciT ganisazRvreba.
isini saqmeebs arCevdnen rogorc erTpirovnulad, ise kolegiurad.
imereTSic aseve moqmedebTa bWe-mediatorTa instituti
 sasamarTlo organizacia dasavleT saqarTvelos
samTavroebSi

guriis samTavro:
sasamarTlo organizacia guriaSi iseTive unda yofiliyo rogorc imereTSi,
magram raime cnobebi amis Sesaxeb ar mogvepoveba.

gamonakliss warmoadgens mdivanbegTa instituti, romelic mTavris nebis

gamomxatveli iyo.
mdivanbegebi saqmeebs arCevdnen rogorc erTpirovnulad, ise
kolegiurad.
 samegrelos samTavro:

samegrelos samTavroSi umaRlesi mosamarTle mTavari iyo.

gansakuTrebuli saqmeebis gadawyveta mis garda da mis daukiTxavad
aravis SeeZlo. gansakuTrebul yuradrebas qurdobis saqmeebze
akeTebda da misi meTvalyureobiT irCeoda.
dedofalic sargeblobda mosamarTlis uflebebiT.
samegrelos samTavro samegrelos episkopos-Wyondidelis samwysos
warmoadgenda, amitom rwmenis sawinaaRmdego moqmedebis gamo
“gankanoneba” Wyondidelis prerogativa iyo.
samegrelos ganapira raionebSi naklenbad mniSvnelovan saqmeebs
mouravebic arCevdnen.
aseve didebulebic ki axorcielebdnen damnaSaveTaTvis (ymebisTvis)
mkacri sasjelis Sefardebas SeuzRudavad (TviT mTavaric ki ar
zRudavda).
samegreloSi mdivanbegTa sasamarTlo ganviTarebis ufro maRal doneze
iyo, videre qarTl-kaxeTSi:
mdivanbegTa organizebuli ganawileba xdeboda mazrebis mixedviT.
sul 9 mazra arsebobda, romlebic samarTavad 9 mdivanbegs hqonda
Cabarebuli.
daviT dadianis mTavrobis dros daarsa “mengreliis uzenaesi
sasamarTlo”, romelic aRiarebuli iyo samTavros umaRles organod da
romelic mdivanbegebiT iyo dakompleqtebuli

mdivanbegebs sasamarTlo funqciis garda, mieniWa mmarTvelobis

funqciebic misTvis gankuTvnili teritoriis farglebSi.
 mazris mdivanbegebs SeeZloT ganexilaT yovelgvari xasiaTis saqme, Tu
igi uzenaes sasamarTlos ar eqvemdebareboda.
wyaroebidan cnobilia, rom mdivanbegebi 150 maneTamde davis
saqmeebs ganixilavdnen.
uzenaes sasamarTlosac mTavarTan SeTanxmebis gareSe ar SeeZlo
Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr gadaewyvita gansakuTrebiT rTuli saqmeebi.
uzenaesi sasamarTlos mudmivi rezidencia ZiriTadad mTavris
adgilsamyofeli iyo, magram iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac saqme
samTavros sxvadasxva kuTxeSi irCeoda.
aseve arsebobda msajulTuxucesis an mdivanbegTuxucesis Tanamdeboba,
romelsac eqvemdebarebodnene rogorc mazris, ise uzenaesi
sasamarTlos mdivanbegebi.
 uzenaesi sasamarTlo pirveli instanciiT ganixilavda
Semdeg saqmeebs:

 dava eklesia-monastrebsa da kerZo pirTa Soris

 mTavris karze myofi moxeleebis Tanamdebobriv danaSaulis
saqmeebs
 qurdobis saqmeebs
 mTavarsa da eklesias Soris (mamulze, glexebze)
 gansakuTrebuli xasiaTis sisxlis samarTlis danaSauls, rogorc
saapelacio instancia
 igi ixilavda qvemdgomi sasamarTloebis mier ganxilul saqmeebsac,
romlebsac uzenaesSi asaCivrebdnen
 sasamarTlo procesi
V-XIX saukunemde saqmis gamrCevi yvela piri iwodeboda msajulad,
bWed an mosamarTled.
XI-dan Cndeba termini mosamarTle.
vaxtangis samarTlis wignSi sadavo saqmis gamrCevi piri ixsenieba
rogorc msajulad, ise bWed, mosamarTled, mdivanbegad, Suakacad.
mosamarTle gansakuTrebuli Tvisebebis adamiani unda yofiliyo:
RvTismoSiSi, samarTliani, mousyidveli, miudgomeli, romelic arc
patronis, arc mSoblebis, arc Zmisa da moyvasTa xaTriT
usamarTlobas ar Caidens da marTal samarTals gaaCens.
mosamarTle 40 wels gadaSorebuli unda yofiliyo, siRaribe ar unda
awuxebdes da amasTan RvTismoSiSi unda iyos,
magram zog SemTxevebSi dasaSvebia mosamarTlis gawyromac – qurdi,
avazaki an mowme rom gamotexos an kidev tyuili ar aTqmevinos.
mosamarTlis mier saqmis garCevas – “samarTlis qnas”, “gasamarlebas”,
“gankiTxvas”, “bWobas”, “ganbWobas” uwodebdnen.
modaveebi – sasamarTlo procesSi monawile mxareebs ewodebodaT
moCivars – dazaralebul, mosarCele mxares ewodeboda
moads – mopasuxe mxares uwodebdnen
Sewameba – danaSaulSi braldebas erqva
Semwamebeli – bralmdebels
Sesmena – ewodeboda braldebas, romelic dasmenis safuZvelze xdeboda
Sesmenili – braldebuls dasmenis safuZvelze
Semsmeneli – bralmdebels dasmenis safuZvelze
sarCeli an saCivari – momCivanis mier moTxovnas, sasamarTlosaTvis
moxsenebas ewodeboda
 sasamarTlo procesi

sarCvla, cileba, Civili – mxareTa Soris urTierTdavas erqva

meoxi - damcvels anu advokats unda niSnavdes.

sasamarTlo procesi 4 etapisgan Sedgeboda:

1. sasamarTlo procesis xasiaTi

2. saqmis aRZvra da ganxilva
3. ganaCenis gamotana da gasaCivreba
4. ganaCenis aRsruleba

ganvixiloT TiToeuli etapi:

 sasamarTlo procesis xasiaTi

istoriulad cnobilia sasamarTlo procesis 3 forma:

1. sabraldebo procesi
2. inkviziciuri anu samZebro procesi
3. Sereuli procesi

feodalur saqarTveloSi ZiriTad pirveli ori forma gvxvdeba, umTavresad

ki sabraldebo procesi.
 sabraldebo procesi

sabraldebo procesis damaxasiaTebeli principebi:

 SejibrebiTobis principi – mxareebs saqmis warmoebisas Tanaswori
uflebebi hqondaT. mxareebi iyvnen saqmis dawyebis iniciatorebi.
mxareebi agrovebdnen damamtkicebel sabuTebs da warudgendnen
gansaxilvelad mosamarTleebs. aq mosamarTleTa roli pasiuria, isini
mtkicebulebaTa ekrebaSi monawileobas ar Rebulobdnen, mxolod
masalebs Seiswvlidnen, Seafasebdnen da amis safuZvelze
gamohqondaT ganaCeni. araviTari winaswari gamoZieba ar
tardeboda da mxolod saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvas hqonda adgili.
 zepiroba
 sajarooba
 inkviziciuri anu samZebro procesi

igi sabraldebo procesis sruli antipodia.

sisxlis samarTlis aRZvra ukve aRar xdeboda mxareTa kerZo iniciativiT,
aramed saxelmwifo Tavisi moxeleebis iniciativiT iwyebda process.
samZebro procesisTvis aRar iyo damaxasiaTebeli SejibrebiTobis
principi.
mxareebi Tanasworuflebian subieqtebad aRar gvevlinebodnen.
orive mxaris funqciebs sasamarTlo asrulebda.
sasamarTlo iwyebda saqmes, agrovebda mtkicebulebebs, braldebulma
dakarga subieqtis mdgomareoba da sruliad uuflebo gaxda.
 inkviziciuri anu samZebro procesi

sajarooba uaryofil iqna, procesi werilobiT da saidumlod mimdinareobda.

winaswari gamoZiebis stadiaze xdeboda mtkicebulebaTa Segroveba.
braldebulis mier bralis aRiareba iTleboda yvelaze ukeTes da srulyofil
sabuTad – amitom mTeli gamoZieba warimarTeboda mxolod
aRiarebis misaRebad, rasac xSirad braldebulis wameba mosdevda.
 sasamarTlo procesis xasiaTi

damnaSaveTa devna da gasamarTleba warmoebda ara kerZo pirTa

TaosnobiT, aramed sasamarTlo moxeleebis iniciativiT da
Sesabamisad sasamarTlo process win uZRoda winaswari gamoZieba.
danistrad – saqmeebi, romelic ganixileboda winaswari gamoZiebiT
udanistrod - saqmeebi, romelic ganixileboda winaswari gamoZiebis
gareSe
 saqmis aRZvra da ganxilva
sabraldebo procesis batonobis periodSi araviTari gansxvaveba ar
arsebobs sisxlisa da samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmeebis aRZrisa da
saqmis arsebiTad ganxilvis wesebSi.
saqmes aRZravda dazaralebuli mxare (saxelmwifo moxeleebis mier
saqmis aRZvra XVIII-s meore naxevridan gvxvdeba).
saCivari mimarTuli iyo mefis an mosamarTleebisadmi.
Semdeg mefe (dedofali an batoniSvilebi) gansazRvravda Tu vis unda
ganexila saqme.
miRebuli iyo aseve TiToeul mxares hyoloda ramdenime bralmdeblisa da
mopasuxis arseboba. zogjer mTeli sofeli gamodioda modave mxared.
sasamarTlo procesze gamodiodnen soflis mier amorCeuli Tavkacebi,
romlebic moaxsenebdnen sasamarTlos Tavisi saCivris Sinaarss da
pasuxs maT winaaRmdeg mimarTul sarCelze.
 saqmis aRZvra da ganxilva

Tu mopasuxe ar cxaddeboda procesze, mosamarTle iRebda zomebs mis

mosayvanad. (an werils ugzavnida an kompetentur pirebs avalebda
mis moyvanas), Tu igi mainc ar gamocxaddeboda, maSin igi saqmis
ganxilvis gareSe gamtyundeboda.
saqmis ganxilva dazaralebuli sarCelis mosmeniT iwyeboda. procesi
ZiriTadadz zepirad mimdinareobda.
mosarCeles SeeZlo erTi sarCeliT edava mraval sxvadasxva saganze, Tu
dava mimarTuli iyo erTi konkretuli piris an pirebis winaaRmdeg.
Tu mopasuxe mxaresac raime sadavo hqonda mosarCelesTan, masac
SeeZlo braldebebi waeyenebina misTvis da moeTxova raime.
urTierTbraldebebi erTi procesis farglebSi tardeboda anu mxare procesze
SeiZleba orive momCivanic da mopasuxec yofiliyo.
 saqmis aRZvra da ganxilva

sasamarTlos SeeZlo ramdenjerme moesmina mxareebisaTis rogorc cal-

calke, ise erTad da SesaZlebelia momxdariyo dapirispirebac.
orive mxares SeeZlo waredgina sasamarTlosTvis werilobiTi
dokumentebi, daesaxelebina mowmeebi da sxva.
mosamarTle uSualod usmenda mxareebs, maT mowmeebs da afasebda
mtkicebulebebs.
sasamarTlos SeeZlo Caetarebina adgilobrivi daTvaliereba (miwebze
davisas).
sasamarTlos SeeZlo fici daekisrebina mxarisaTvis.
 ganaCenis gamotana da gasaCivreba
sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebas “ganaCeni” erqva.
sasamarTlo Tavis gadawyvetilebas werilobiTi saxiT orive mxares
aZlevda.
sxdomis dawyebis Semdeg unda gamoetanaT saTanado wesiT Senaxuli
samarTlis wigni, romelsac mdivanbegi gaxsnida.
samarTlis wigni mdivnis win ido da igi kiTxulobda, rodesac
mosamarTleebi dasxdebodnen ganaCenis dasawerad, orive mxaris
Cveneba unda daeweraT da ganaCenSi unda mieTiTebinaT samarTlis
wignis is Tavi, romelic Seufardes mocemul konkretul SemTxvevas da
romlis safuZvelzec gamoitanes ganaCeni.
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebis gasaCivreba SesaZlebeli iyo da mas erqva
“sasamarTloSi meored Sesvla”.
arsebobda garkveuli jarima dausabuTebeli gasaCivrebisaTvis – anu
mxares gasaCivrebisaTvis arsebiTi safuZveli unda hqonoda.
 ganaCenis gamotana da gasaCivreba

arsebiT safuZvlad iTvleboda saqmesTan dakavSirebuli axali garemoeba,

romelic adre sasamarTlosTvis ar iyo cnobili.
mefe xirad TviTon ganixilavda meored gasaCivrebuls an sxvas avalebda an
kidev ganuxilvelad tovebda.
mefis gadawyvetilebis Secvla mis gareSe dauSvebeli iyo.
meore saCivarze gadawyvetilebis miReba aseve SeeZloT dedofals,
batoniSvilebs da kaTalikoss - saeklesio saqmeebze.
specialuri sasamarTlo, romelic ganmeorebiT ganixilavda saqmeebs ar
arsebobda, ZiriTadad mdivanbegTa sasamarTlo ixilavda uflebamosili
pirebis nebarTviT.
ganaCeni unda damtkicebuliyo im pirebis mier, romelTa davalebiTac
xdeboda saqmis ganxilva.
gasaCivrebis SemTxvevaSi xdeboda pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos ganaCenis
aRsrulebis SeCereba.
 ganaCenis aRsruleba

mTavari sasamarTlo aRmasrulebeli iyo – iasauli.

iasaulis funqciebi SeiZleboda dakisreboda romelime sax. moxeles an rigiT
adamians, romelic konkretuli saqmis aRmasruleblad iniSneboda
(Sesabamisad iRebda gasamrjelos) da konkretuli saqmis Semdeg
kargavda iasaulis funqcias.
iasuli Tavis funqciebs ganaCeniT an iasaulobis uflebis aRmWurveli oqmiT
asrulebda.
saqmis sirTulidan gamomdinare, SesaZloa daniSnuliyo 2,3 an meti iasaulic.
arsebobda specialuri iasaulebi, romlebic msaxurobdnen samefo karze an
mdivanbegebTan, romelTa movalaeobas Seadgenda ara marto
sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaTa aRsruleba, aramed mefis da sxva
uflebamosili pirebis brZanebaTa realizeba, anu iasauli, zogadad
xelisuflebis nebis aRmsrulebelia.
 ganaCenis aRsruleba

sasamarTlo ganaCenTa aRmasruleblad SesaZloa daniSnuliyo is piri,

(avtoritetiani) romelsac raime oficialuri Tanamdeboba ar ekava –
eSikaRasbaSi da nasaRCibaSi (iasaulis funqciebis aRmasruleblebi):
eSikaRasbaSi – politikur-administraciuli aparatis xelmZRvaneli iyo. igi
msaxurobda mefis karze, dedofalTan da kaTalikosTanac ki.
nasaRCibaSi – mas evaleboda damasaxiCrebeli sasjelis aRsruleba
 sasamarTlo mtkicebulebani

sasamarTlo mtkicebulebebs zogadad – sabuTi ewodeboda.

vaxtang VI wyaroebidan 6 mtkicebuleba iyo cnobili:
 fici,
 ordali (RvTis msjavri 3 tipis– SanTi, mduRare da xmalSi gataneba
anu sasamarTlo orTabrZola)
 mowme,
 codvis mokideba
eseni mowmis Cvenebis garda dabalganviTarebuli sasamarTlo
mtkicebulebebi iyo.
 sasamarTlo mtkicebulebani

XVIII saukunis sasamarTlo praqtika ufro progresirebadia da

mtkicebulebad miiCnevs –

 aRiarebas,
 mowmis Cvenebas,
 werilobiT dokuments,
 nivTier mtkicebulebebs,
 eqspertizas da bolo
 adgilze fics.
 fici – vaxtang samarTlis wigni mas pirvelxarisxovan mtkicebulebad
aRiarebs, Tumca amave dros kanonmdebeli mefe mouwodebs
mosamarTleebs moeridon ficiT saqmis gadawyvetas. fics mxolod
maSin mimarTavdnen, roca sxva mtkicebuleba ar iyo an saeWvod
miaCndaT.
 fici – ZiriTadad ekisreboda mopauxes, braldebuls, qonebaze davisas ki
im mxares, romelic faqtobrivad flobda sadavo qonebas an mamuls.
 ficis dadeba - gansazRvruli ritualis dacviT unda Catarebuliyo da fici
teqsts sasamarTlo gansazRvravda. ficis teqstis Sinaarsi saqmis arsidan
gamomdinareobda anu erTnairi ar iyo yvelasTvis da damficebeli ficiT
adasturebda an uaryofda raime konkretul faqts.
 cru fici- mZime danaSaulad miiCneoda.
 ficis dros – ificebdnen ojaxis wevrebs, mSoblebs, Camomavlobas.
 ficis rituali – mijnaze davis garda, tardeboda eklesiaSi. xatis Tu
eklesiis arCeva momCivanis an mosamarTlis prerogativa iyo.
 mamulze daficeba sadavo mamulis SemovliT xdeboda xatiT xelSi.
 tyuilad damficeblebs RvTis risxva daatydebodaT Tavs da
Sesabamisad kanoniT gansazRvruli iyo im adamianTa wre, romelTac
ar SeiZleba fici dakisrebodaT maT mier ficis mniSvnelobis
gacnobierebis SeuZleblobis gamo an imis gamo, rom fici ar swamdaT.
 fici ar SeiZleba dakisrebodaT: Wkuasusts, uasakos da ficis urwmunos,
aseve qals vaxtangis samarTlis mixedviT. qals mis magivrad
mamakaci unda daesaxelebina – Zma, Svili, siZe.
procesSi – monawile mxare iSviaTad ificebda marto. modave mxaris ficis
gasamagreblad masTan erTad Tanamoficarsac unda daefica.
 Tanamoficari – modave mxaris ficiT damxmarea. igi ZiriTadad
moficaris keTilsindisierebaze ificebs da gvarwmunebs, rom misi fici
sarwmunoa.
Tanamoficari orgvari iyo:
 Segdebuli (dasaxelebuli) – Tanamoficari aris is, romelsac asaxelebs
momCivani – savaldebulos xdis mas braldebulisaTvis.
 Seugdebeli (dausaxelebeli) – Tanamoficari aris is, romelsac irCevs
braldebuli (mopasuxe)
Segdebuli Tanamoficaris dasaxeleba momCivanis ufleba iyo, xolo maTi
dayolieba daficebaze mopasuxis movaleoba.
 Tu Segdebuli Tanamoficrebi erToblivad ganucxadebdnen mopasuxes
uars daficebze, mopasuxe saqmes agebda.
Seugdebel Tanamoficrebs TviT mopasuxe irCevda sxvaTa Caurevlad.
sasamarTlo praqtikaSi Tanamoficris ra saxeoba unda yofiliyo daniSnuli,
amas sasamarTlo Tavisi SexedulebiT wyvetda.
Tanamoficari SeiZleba yofiliyo moficris axlobeli, misdami
daqvemdebarebuli piri, maRali wodebis anu sapatio kacs arc
Seawuxebdnen Tu mamuli didi ar iyo da mis magivrad SeiZleboda
aznaurs, msaxurs an glexs daefica.
ficis dadebisas moqmedebda wodebriobis principi – rac gilisxmobda,
magaliTad mkvlelobis saqmeze – rom ufro dabali wodebis pirs ar
SeeZlo ficiT emarTlebina Tavi, Tu igi ufro maRali wodebis
warmomadgenlis mkvlelobaSi iyo braldebuli.
 mowmis Cveneba – vaxtangis samarTlis wignSi mas mxolod mexuTe
adgili uWiravs, radgan misi wigni ZiriTadad adaTobriv samarTalzea
agebuli, amdenad mowmis Cvenebis instituti naklebad gamoiyeneboda,
Tumca misive wignis 157-e muxli ambobs, rom pirutyvze davis dros
mosamarTlem mesakuTre mowmis meSveobiT unda daadginos da Tu
igi ver gamoinaxeba, mxolod maSinra mimarTos ficis meSveobiT
saqmis gadawyvetas.
cxadia es winaaRmdegobrivi mosazrebebia Tavad vaxtang mefis wignSive,
magram vaxtangis samarTlis krebuli klasikur kodeqss ar
ganekuTvneba da msgavsi SemTxvevebi mravladaa masSi.
 mowme unda yofiliyo – RvTismoSiSi, Wkviani, sando, marTali kacis
saxeli unda hqonoda da sxva. aseTi Tvisebebis mqone ori mowmis
arseboba sakmarisi iyo, magram Tu aseTi Tvisebebi ar hqondaT,
maSin mowmeTa raodenoba SeiZleba metic yofiliyo da mTeli sofelic ki.
 qalis mowmed gamoyvana – ikraZaleboda.
 mowmeTa dakiTxva sasamarTlo procesze xdeboda.
 sasamarTlos SeeZlo vada ganesazRvra mxareebisaTvis mowmis
mosaZebnad da Tu am vadaSi ver Caeteodnen, sasamarTlo fics
mimarTavda.
 mowmeTaTvis maTi Cvenebis gansamtkiceblad, sasamarTlos SeeZlo
maTTvis fici daekisrebina.
mowmis institutis gvediT arsebobda misi msgavsi mTxrobelis institutic.
 mTxrobeli – is pirovnebaa, romelsac uSualod aqvs nanaxi raRac faqti,
romelic adasturebs ama Tu im pirovnebis kavSirs momxdar
danaSaulTan, anu aris mowme da miaqvs es ambavi dazaralebulTan,
anu damsmenia.
 mTxrobeli – brals sdebs konkretul pirovnebas, anu aris bralmdebeli da
mTxrobelis safuZvelze xdeba pirovnebis braldeba da iwyeba sasamarTlo
procesi.
mTxrobeli – rogorc faqtis TviTmxilvevli, mowmis msgavsia, maT Soris is
gansxvavebaa, rom mTxrobeli met aqtivobas iCens damnaSavis
mxilebaSi.
aseve TviTmxilveli mowme gasamrjelos ar iRebs, mTxrobeli ki
dazaralebulisaTvis damnaSaveze cnobis miwodebisaTvis iRebs e.w.
“samTxoblos” sazRauris saxiT.
vaxtangis samarTlis mixedviT, saxelmwifo danaSaulis Cadenis
ganucxadebloba danaSaulad iTvleba, misi Camdeni iseve agebs
pasuxs, rogorc damnaSave, xolo sxva danaSaulis ganucxadebloba ar
unda iTvlebodes danaSaulad.
mTxrobeli – valdebulia, dados piroba, rom saWiroebisas pirze daadgeba
damnaSaves. Tu damnaSave ar tydeba, unda gamotexos igi.
 Tu amas miaRwevs, “samTxrobelos” miiRebs.
tyuilad mTxrobelisaTvis piri iseTive sasjeliT unda daisajos, rogoridac
daisjeboda mis mier braldebuli pirovneba, Tu mTxrobeli
daumtkicebda mas danaSaulis Cadenas.
amrigad, mTxrobeli - damnaSavis damsmenia, romelic, rogorc
danaSaulebrivi faqtis TviTmxilveli, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Tavis
Tavze iRebs Tavis mier damnaSaved dasaxelebuli piris braleulobis
mtkicebas.
tyuili mTxrobelobisaTvis pasuxismgeblobis daweseba, garkveuli
meqanizmi iyo imisaTvis, rom vinme “samTxroblos” miRebis
cTunebas ar ahyoloda da Segnebulad ar wasuliyo cru
mTxrobelobaze.
mTxrobeli maSin iRebda gasamrjelos, rodesac sasamarTlo sarwmunod
miiCnevda mis Cvenebas.
 codvis mokideba – mciremniSvnelovan saqmeebze gamoiyeneboda,
kerZod erTi marCilis (sami abazi) Rirebulebis saqmeze.
 codvis mokideba – garkveul ritualis SesrulebasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
braldebulma bralmdebeli zurgze unda moikidos da warmoTqvas ficis
ganmsazRvreli formula, romlis arsic “codvis mokidebaSi”
mdgomareobs: Tu me, rasac mabraleb, imis gamkeTebeli var,
meored mosvlisas Seni codvebisaTvis Sens nacvlad me ganvikiTxo.
Tu SeZlebs amis gakeTebas, braldebuli Tavisufldeba
pasuxismgeblobisagan, Tu arada, pasuxs agebs.
 aRiareba – aRiarebiT damnaSave danaSauls adasturebda, xolo
mopasuxe sarCels, e.i. aRiareba erTnairad gamoiyeneboda rogorc
sisxlis, ise samoqalaqo xasiaTis saqmeebze.
 aRiareba – aRiareba gamoxatulia Semdegi terminebiT” “aRiara”,
“Tavisi piriT aRiara”, “Tavs idva’ “gatyda”.
 aRiareba - danaSaulis Semamsubuqebel garemoebad iTvleboda da
igi sakmarisad miaCnda sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis
gamosatanad.
 nivTieri mtkicebulebebi – pirovnebis braleuloba sruliad SesaZlebelia
nivTieri sabuTebiTac damtkicebuliyo. moparuli saqoneli Tu nivTebi
eWvmitanilis saxlSi, naqurdalis kvali da sxva sruliad SesaZlebelia
sasamarTlos gaeTvaliswinebina rogorc mtkicebuleba, rasac
mniSvneloba eqneboda ganaCenis gamotanisas.
 eqspertiza – XVIII saukunidan mogvepoveba dokumentebi, romelTa
mixedviTac sasamarTlo specialuri codniT aRWurvil pirebs avalebda,
SeeswavlaT esa Tu is sakiTxi da waredginaT werilobiTi daskvna.
aseTi pirebi eqspertebad (xelovanni kacni an damfasebeli)
warmogvidgebian, xolo maT mier Sedgenili dokumenti – eqspertizis
daskvnad.
 dokumenti – werilobiTi dokumenti anu xelSekruleba – nasyidobis
wignebi, Tamasuqebi. Tu isini srulyofilad iyo Sedgenili, maSin
sakmarisad CaiTvleboda gadawyvetilebis misaRebad.
 dokumenti – aucileblad saTanadod unda yofiliyo gaformebuli. mag.
nasyidobis wignSi aRniSnuli unda yofiliyo mxareTa vinaoba,
xelmowerebi, beWdebi, Sedgenis TariRi. xel-bis saganis aRweriloba
(mag. mamulis sazRvrebi), dokumentis Sedgenis mowmeTa
xelmowerebi.
 rodesac werilobiTi dokumenti pirvelxarisxovan mtkicebulebadaa
aRiarebuli, es maRal procesualur da samarTlebriv kulturaze
metyvelebs.
magaliTisTvis moviyvanoT opizis sigeli.
 opizis sigeli – sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebaa, romelic exeba opizisa da
miZnaZoris monastrebs Soris mamulze davas. am davis
gadasawyvetad mefe bagrat IV-m darbazi moiwvia. orive monastris
warmomadgenlebi sadavo mamulze werilobiTi dokumenetebiT,
sigelebiT wardgenilan. da bagrat IV-s gadawyvetileba mxolod am
werilobiT mtkicebulebebze dayrdnobiT gamoutania.
 ordalebi – niSnavs “RvTis msjavrs”. ordalTa arseboba sasamarTlo
mtkicebulebaTa sistemaSi dabali samarTlebrivi kulturis
maCvenebelia.
 ordalTa instituti – dafuZnebulia warmodgenaze, romlis mixedviTac
adamianebs Soris warmoSobili davebis gadasawyvetad SesaZlebelia
RvTaebis monawileoba.
 ordali – iyo mimarTva RmerTisadmi, rom adamianis gonisaTvis
rTuli samarTlebrivi sakiTxi gadaewyvita. adamianebs
amoZravebdaT uryevi rwmena imisa, rom mduRareTi, cecxliT,
SanTiT gamocdisas marTal kacs xeli ar daewveboda, RmerTi amas
ar dauSvebda, xolo Tu daewveboda, is namdvilad damnaSave
iqneboda, sasamarTlo orTabrZolisas ki RmerTi aucileblad marTal
mxares gaamarjvebinebda.
 sami saxis ordals icnobdnen:

 mduRare,
 SanTi da
 xmalSi gataneba anu sasamarTlo orTabrZola.
visac mduRariT an SanTiT gamocdas dauniSnaven, Sesabamisi ritualis
win locvis saSualeba unda miscen.
 mduRare wyliT gamocda ase tardeboda – moedanze an sadme
“gamosaCen alags” sajaros qvabSi wyals aduRebdnen da Sig rkinis,
spilenZis an vercxlis jvars ZafiT Cakidebdnen. wyali rom
aduRdeboda, qvabs cecxlidan gadmodgamdnen da braldebulma
qvabSi xeli unda Cayos da jvari amoiRos. amis Semdeg umal parkSi
xels Caudeben da daubeWdaven. ase unda iyos mesame dRemde,
Semdeg ki gauxsnian. Tu xeli damwvari ar eqneba, braldebuls
gaamarTleben, Tu daewveba gamtyundeba.
 SanTiT gamocda ase tardeboda – rkina unda gaaxuron, roca rkina
gawiTldeba, braldebuls xelze qaRalds adeben, xolo zed gawiTlebul
rkinas. rogorc ki rkinas daadeben xelze, maSinve sami nabiji naxtomi
unda gaakeTos win da Semdeg rkina gadaagdos. Tu xeli damwvari ar
eqneba, braldebuls gaamarTleben, Tu daewveba gamtyundeba.
mduRare wyals da SanTs iyenebdnen mZime danaSaulobebis dros –
batonis Ralati, eklesiisa da xatis gatexva, mruSoba da sxva.
 xmalSi gataneba – anu sasamarTlo orTabrZola – is gamoiyeneboda
mZime saxelmwifo danaSaulSi braldebisas – mefis Ralatisas, mefis
salaros gatexvisas, eklesiisa da xatis gaZarcvisas da sxva.
sasamarTlo duelSi monawileoba unda mieRoT braldebuls, Tu is uaryofda
wayenebul braldbas da bralmdebels.
maT orTabrZolamde 40 dRis ganmavlobaSi unda elocaT, orTabrZolis
mowinaaRmdegeni moednis Tavsa da boloSi unda damdgariyvnen
SeZlebisdagvarad SeiaraRebulni.
maTTan erTad unda yofiliyo TiTo memaTraxe, romelTac farisa da
maTraxis garda araferi ar unda hqonodaT.
isini ar unda daxmarebodnen mxareebs romelime maTganis
camovardnamde.
Tu romelime mxare Setakebisas cxenidan Camovardeboda,
memaTraxeni unda mixmareodnen mas, ar unda daeSvaT
gamarjvebulis mier misi mokvla da mefisTvis unda waredginaT.
 mefe da xalxi Soridan uyurebda.
cxenidan Camovardnili cxadia gamtyundeboda, damarcxebulis iaraRi
gamarjvebuls ekuTvnoda, cxeni ki memaTraxes.
Tu orive gadmovardeboda, maSin qveiTad unda SebrZolebodnen da
romelic waaqcevda simarTlec mis mxares iqneboda.

zogadad ordalebis instituti dabali samarTlebrivi donis maCvenebelia.