Philip Adu, PhD.

Founder & Methodology Expert

Center for Research Methods Consulting, LLC
info@drphilipadu.com
 r y
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Thematic r
lo a tu
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E x in n
Analysis

ry
o
at e
Content i m
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Co in n
Analysis

lu s
Constant r y p y in
r ato ator
Comparative xplo firm ture
E on na
c
Analysis

Philip Adu, PhD. | Research Mindset

 Thematic
Analysis

informed by inductive reasoning

Extracting relevant information

from data to generate themes or
theory
Philip Adu, PhD. | Research Mindset
 Content
Analysis

informed by deductive reasoning

Extracting relevant information

from data and connecting them
to pre-developed codes/themes
Philip Adu, PhD. | Research Mindset
 Constant
Comparative
Analysis

informed by abductive reasoning

Generating themes/theory based on the
relevant information extracted from data
and comparing the proposed
themes/theory to new data
Philip Adu, PhD. | Research Mindset
 Thematic Analysis

(1) Review data (2) Select relevant (3) Generate

information from codes/themes based
the data on the the selected
excerpts

Philip Adu, PhD. | Research Mindset

 Content Analysis

(1) Develop (2) Review data and (3) Connect already-

codes/themes extract relevant developed
(i.e. coding frame) information codes/themes to the
selected excerpts

Philip Adu, PhD. | Research Mindset

 Constant Comparative Analysis

(1) Review data and (2) Develop (3) Compare

extract relevant themes/theory themes/theory with
information a new set of data

Philip Adu, PhD. | Research Mindset

 Thematic Analysis

Themes - representing the data and addressing the

research question(s)

Philip Adu, PhD. | Research Mindset

 Content Analysis

Themes - reflecting pre-developed codes/themes and

representing relevant information extracted from the
data

Philip Adu, PhD. | Research Mindset

Constant Comparative Analysis

Supported or unsupported themes/theory

This type of analysis could lead to the confirmation or adjustment

of the themes or a proposed theory.

Philip Adu, PhD. | Research Mindset

 Thematic Analysis

When you plan to generate

codes/themes from your data

When you plan to prevent

information (from existing
literature, models or theories)
from influencing how you
generate codes/themes

Philip Adu, PhD. | Research Mindset

 Content Analysis

When you plan to connect already-

developed codes/themes to
significant excerpts of data

When you plan to use a existing

literature, theory, model or
conceptual/theoretical
framework to inform the
analysis

Philip Adu, PhD. | Research Mindset

Constant Comparative Analysis

When you plan to develop a

model/theory to help explain a
phenomenon, a situation or an
event

When you are using grounded

theory approach

Philip Adu, PhD. | Research Mindset

A Step-by-Step Guide to Qualitative Data
Coding

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Philip Adu, PhD. | Research Mindset

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Philip Adu, PhD. | Research Mindset
Philip Adu, PhD.
Founder & Methodology Expert
Center for Research Methods Consulting, LLC

centerforresearchmethods.com

info@drphilipadu.com

linkedin.com/in/drphilipadu/

@drphilipadu

Philip Adu, PhD. | Research Mindset