Fig. 5.

1 Actuator classification
Fig.5.2 Single acting hydraulic cylinder
Fig 5.3 Double acting cylinder design.
Fig.5.4 Typical mechanical linkages
Fig.5.5 Use of a first-class lever to drive a load
Fig.5.6 Use of a second-class lever system to drive a
load
Fig. 5.7 Use of third-class lever system to drive a
load.
Fig. 5.8 Excavator contains hydraulic cylinders whose
loadings occur through mechanical linkages.
Fig.5.9 Operation of cylinder cushions
Fig. 5.10 Crossection of a hydraulic shock absorber
Fig.5.12 Typical applications of limited rotation
actuators.
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Fig. 5.13 Means of achieving a restricted rotary
motion
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Fig.5.14 Torque development by a gear motor
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Fig.5.15 Operation of a vane motor
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Fig. 5.16 Vane motors with spring loaded vanes
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Fig.5.17 Balanced vane motor
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Fig.5.18 In-line piston motor operation
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Fig.5.19 Bent-axis piston motor
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Fig.5.20 Vector forces in in-line piston motor
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Fig.5.21 Motor displacement varies with swash plate
angle
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Fig 5.22 Hydrostatic transmission system
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