Impacts of field hockey and how

it impacts the members of the

Jamaica Hockey Federation

Name: Kimberly Shaw School: St. Andrew High School for Girls

Teacher; Mrs. Crawford Student Number:

Centre Number: 100108

 Table of Contents

Page Title Page Number

Section One…………………………………………………………………….

Statement of Problem…………………………………………………

Aims and Objectives………………………………………………….

Literature Review………………………………………………………

Section Two……………………………………………………………………

Research Design……………………………………………………….

Sample………………………………………………………………….

Data Collection Instrument………………………………………….....

Section Three………………………………………………………………….

Presentation of Data and Analysis……………………………………

Section Four……………………………………………………………………

Findings, Discussion of Findings, Conclusion………………………...

Recommendation ………………………………………………………

Appendix…………………………………………………………………………

Bibliography…………………………………………………………………….
 Section One

Statement of problem

Investigation of field hockey and how it impacts the members of the Jamaica Hockey

Federation.

Aims

o To investigate the academic results of each student apart of the Jamaica Hockey
Federation.
o To find out if games planned by the Jamaica Hockey Federation interrupt school.
o To investigate if any extra-curricular activity is beneficial, in any way.
 o To find out if doing an extra-curricular activity has more of a positive impact than
a negative on its participants.

Objectives

o It can find out the benefits of doing an Extra-Curricular activity.

o To show that having an Extra-Curricular activity can be related to certain aspects
of life.
o To show that through the development of Extra-Curricular activities the rewards
will show later than now.
o To find out if it should be mandatory for students to participate in an extra-
Curricular activity.
 Literature Review

Historical Background

The Organization

The Jamaica Hockey Federation (JHF) was formed on January 31, 1998, through the

amalgamation of the Jamaica Men's Hockey Association and the Jamaica Women's Hockey

Association. The JHF is a member of the international governing body of hockey, the Federation
International de Hockey (FIH), the regional body, the Pan American Hockey Federation (PAHF),

and locally, the Jamaica Olympic Association (JOA). This brings us to the management and

organization of hockey in Jamaica in conformity with international requirements that there be a

single national association responsible for the development and regulation of the sport in each

country.

The JHF has its headquarters at Mona, and has recently installed a state- of the art,

international all weather artificial playing field which now allows for the development of players

and the sport to world class standards.

The facility also allows the JHF to host major international competitions, and already the

FIH and PAHF have identified Jamaica as being an ideal geographic location for this.

MISSION STATEMENT

To foster, encourage, develop, administer and play the game of hockey locally, regionally and

internationally, at the highest international and professional level

The definition of extra-curricular activity is given to us by Simeroth (1987) which stated that

extra-curricular activities are sponsored activities outside the regular school hours and not part of

the official school educational program. This includes sports, clubs, and organised student

committee. However he takes this a bit further and says that by running these activities, schools

provide the chance to participation activities that influence personality development and

socialization. Steigberg 1988, suggested that participation in extra-curricular activities was more

likely to enhance than interfere with high school students academic aspiration and achievement.
 According to Feltz and Weiss (1984), students who participated the most in extra-

curricular activities were better able to manage their time and achieve higher levels of

performance in several different roles simultaneously. This ability to develop time management

skills helps the individual not only in school but also in the world of work. This is so, as Hanks,

Echland (1976) said that participation in extra-curricular activities is also considerable by

employers and selective colleges to be evidence of social adjustment and being “well-rounded”.

This suggests that it is possible to get a job or be accepted into a college due to the fact that the

individual has participated in a extra-curricular activity. However for a student to participate in

an extra-curricular activity there has to be some desire, whether internal or external, to join, this

is because the activities are about the student. Miller et al (1956) commented that extra-

curricular are “student-centred”, in that students tend to select the activities in which they want to

participate, and to assume much of the responsibility for planning and carrying out these

activities. If the individual wants to play a sport, e.g. Field hockey, the individual has to have

some amount of interest and like for the activity to join it first off, and then continue and

dedicate time and effort into it after.

 Section Two

The Research Design

The research of investigating how field hockey impacts the members of the Jamaica

Hockey Federation (JHF) was conducted at the Mona Astros-Turf located at 6 Mona Road,

Kingston 7, PO Box 115, Jamaica.

This research is one of a Quantitative type which will produce statistical data about the

thesis statement. This research is Quantitative because according to Durkheim the analysis of

statistical data can indicate correlation as well as cause. Qualitative research method was also

chosen because the study is easily replicable; it is efficient as it save time and money. It also

allows for standard data to be collected and is easy to quantify the data collected. With the use

of large samples to enhance validity along with providing objective data Quantitative Research is

the best choice.

 This research project was conducted in the month of November on the 10th day in the year

2011. On the 12th of the same month, the questionnaires which were to be distributed to the

members of the Jamaica Hockey Federation at their annual Fun at the Turf was proof read by I

respectable member and was critiqued. This prevented the questionnaires from being distributed.

Instead on the following day, the 13th, the questionnaires were redone and distributed as plan. By

the end of the day all questionnaires were completed. On accompanying this further research was

conducted and the writing process of the actual report begun on the 26th of November. This

writing process was done in stages however. This writing process was done in stages however.

The main limitation which was experienced during this research was experienced with

the questionnaire. This was done incorrect the first time as there were no open-end questions,

and the choices which were given were too limited. This cost the research the wastage of ink on

printing 20 sheets of incorrect questionnaires and the wasting of those 20 pages of paper. This

limited my research by cutting down on the variety of the research as a few Alpha young ladies

did not return when the new and renewed questionnaires were done. However there were other

people there to combat this lost and were easily replaced without causing too much damage. As

mentioned before in previous writings the instrument that was used to conduct this research was

mainly Questionnaire and interviews in a minority

The Sample Method used in this research project is a Purposive Sampling method.
 Sample

The Stratified Random sampling method of this research was chosen on the basis that the

individuals that were chosen had to answer the questions which were on the questionnaire, which

allowed them to be relevant to the subject being studied. This type of sampling was chosen

because the subject matter was only for a specific group of people who are small in number. The

organization is a very small one in comparison to other sports. This sapling method is Purposive

Sampling, and even though it is open to subjective opinion it had to be done as no one else was

there to chose another sample to which could be applied.

In this Sampling of the population it only included members of the Jamaica Hockey

Federation. The sampling included 20 individuals. There were 8 male and 12 female in this

exercise.
 In this sample the age group ranged from 16 to 22. For the females there were 3 who

were 18 years old, 4 who were 17 years old, 1 that was 19 years old as well as 1 who was 20

along with 1 that was 22years old and 2 who were 16 years old. These ladies social class range

from upper- middle class down to lower class. These members were all enrolled in a secondary

or tertiary institution. These secondary schools included St. Andrew High School for Girls,

Excelsior High School and Papine High School. There were also female individuals who

attended tertiary institutions including the University of Technology and The University of the

West Indies, Jamaica. The males, there were three age groups which had 2 members in it. This

group consist of the age groups 17, 18 and 22. There were also the age groups 19 and 21 which

had 1 individual in each group. The social class of these individuals range from the middle class

down to lower class. They were students at Papine High, Mona High, Jamaica College for the

secondary institutions and the University of Technology and the University of the West Indies
 Data Collection Instrument

The Data Collection method used in this research project was a Questionnaire for the

main collection of data with minor interviews of distinguished coach and also a psychologist.

These interviews are just used to make points in the research from a credible source to take home

the discussions.

A Questionnaire is a number of preset standard questions that can contain open-ended

questions as well as close-ended questions, which is designed to gather statistical information.

The questionnaire was the main method of collecting the data is because they are easily

administered along with allowing for a large number of people to be reached. The questionnaire

also allows for time to be saved as a large sampling group has to be reached. The main reason for

the use of a questionnaire was mainly because the data collected can easily be tabulated,

measured and analyzed.

 Even thought the use of an Unstructured Interview is a Qualitative method of collecting

data, the use of it in this research was to obtain primary source information to aid in the

discussions and conclusions of the research project. The interviews were of distinguished hockey

coach, Dr. Michelle Holt and credible psychologist Ms. Marie Reynolds.

A copy of the Questionnaire can be seen in the Appendix.

Section Three
 Presentation and Analysis of Data

During the research of this study it was seen that the percentage of male versus female that are

members as well as players in the Jamaica Hockey Federation. It was recorded that there was a 60% of

females, which when converted is 12 members and a 40% for the males, also when converted is 8

members. This shows a drastic variation in the number of male and female in the sport, with females

being the dominant hockey team group.

 Graph showing CXC results of members of the JHF
41%
9
36%
8

6 55%
Grade 1
5 44% 44% 18% Grade 2
Grade 3
4
Other
3

2 5%
1 0%

0
Males Females

In the male’s bar graph grouping, the eight men questioned, there were mostly Grade 2’s

with 5 of them belonging to the males questioned. There were also an equal level in the results of

both Grades 1 and Grades 3 which was distributed among the 8 males. The females have

exceeded the males by twice the amount of both persons who got Grades 1 and Grades 2 in the

male bar grouping where the females got 8 and 9 for the results of Grades 1 an Grades 2,

respectively. However the females were on the same levels as the males for the Grade 3 results

which were 4. However this four is not the same as the boys, as out of 12 females there were

only 4 Grade 3’s. There was also an “other” which may the result of Grade 4 to an ungraded.
 Graph showing the CXC Grades attained

7-9 sub.

25%
4-6 sub. 5%
5% 50%
Females
Males
5%
0-3 sub.
10%

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

The females has received the highest amount of subjects which was 10 out of the 12

members who got 7-9 subjects, with most of those subjects being of Grades 1 and 2 standards.

This extraordinary documentation of data has only left 2 persons to get 4-6 subjects and 0-3

subjects, respectively. The males also have also done well with 5 out of the 8 persons questioned

got 7-9 subjects followed by2 person getting 0-3 subjects and 1 person getting 4-6 subjects. In

the diagram, the 4-6 subject grouping has the same number of person in that group representing

each gender with one person.

 Graph showing the average Hours of Sleep each groups get
20% 20% 20%
20%
4
3.5
3
2.5
2 10%
Males
1.5 Females
5%
1
0% 5%
0.5
0 Females
10 hrs
8 hrs Males
5 hrs
less than 5
hrs

The graph above is showing that for the males, only one person gets an average of 19

hours of sleep during his time at school doing whatever it may be. With a high of 4 persons get

an average of 8 hours of sleep which is the minimum hours of sleep recommended which is

received by half of the males. Down to 2 persons from this high of 4 persons only get about 5

hours of sleep, on average, during the school year. This decline continues with only 1 person

being recorded to get less than 5 hours of sleep, on average, which can be bad, good or just okay

for this individual.

The female’s ratings begin on a low of zero, with no members getting an average of 10

hours of sleep during school. However this changes where these levels go up to 4 members,

getting a maximum of 8 hours of sleep. This trend continues with 4 more persons getting a

maximum of 5 hours of sleep. Then also, 4 more persons get less than 5 hours of sleep for

females, in comparison to the males 1 person.

Graph showing what is Learnt for the members of the JHF

Other 4.8%
7.5%

Team Work 23.8%

25%
Responsibility
28.6%
males
20% females
Time Management 19%

20%
Sportsmanship 23.8%

0
2
4 27.5%
6
8
10
12

Responsibility, Team Work, Time Management and Sportsmanship are all taught through

the participation in field hockey. This graph show what is learnt by each individual who may

have learnt 1 to 4 other principles from hockey. For the males, Responsibility is the most learnt

principle of Field Hockey, with 6 persons learning this. This is followed by Team Work and

Sportsmanship where 5 persons, for each, also learned from playing Field Hockey. Fourthly,

Time Management is learnt by the males as a result of playing hockey which is good to have

obtained from the sport and lastly there was 1 person that learnt “other” from hockey.

The females on the other hand have learnt Sportsmanship, with a maximum of 11 out of

the 12 persons in the group learning this. Followed by this, is Team Work, where 10 persons said

that they have learnt this principle. Thirdly, Responsibility and Time Management were learnt as

a result of playing hockey with each principle receiving 8 persons learning these. Finally, there

were 3 persons that learnt “other” things and principles from hockey.
Pie Chart showing the Ratings of Field on a Scale of 1-10
Person; 1
Person; 1

Person; 1

Person; 1 1
2
3
4
Person; 1
5
Person; 10
6
Person; 2 7
8
9
10
Person; 2

Person; 1

The ratings of 1-10 were used to rate how much each person thought about hockey in

general, with 1 being the lowest and 10 being the highest. Half of 50% of the members of the

Jamaica Hockey Federation have rated the sport to be a 10, which is the highest score to receive.

Followed by this, are the ratings of 7 and 8 which is a total of 20% of the ratings given. However

there were various persons that rated hockey 1 through 6 which is a total of 25%, all together.

The remaining 5% goes to the rating of 9 for Field Hockey. There was no rating of 3, which is

the reason for it not being represented on the pie chart, but is seen in key of the chart. No one

graded hockey as 3 out of 10.

 Section Four

Findings, Discussions of Findings and Conclusion

When members of the Jamaica Hockey Federation were answering their individual

questionnaires, the section, question 7, simply asked if the person got Grade 1, 2, 3 and other. As

a result people ticked off their grades received in their CXC, CSEC exams, with no
specifications of how much Grades 1, 2, 3 or other. However the results from this still provide

that there were a 97% pass rate among all members of the Federation, with 35% receiving

distinctions and 40% receiving a Grade 2 leaving 22% receiving credits.

This statistics show that even with intense training as many members train at least 3 times

per week to up to 5 days a week, for one individual, top grade can still be achieved. There was

high grade results from both genders as even though the males were lower than the females is a

result of only 8 males answering the questionnaires in comparison to the 12 females that

answered. The males have excelled just as well as the females. This statistics prove that what

Steiberg, 1988 was saying was completely right, as “extra-curricular....is likely to enhance than

interfere with….academic aspiration and achievement”.

This statistical data also points to answer the next aim as stated above as if these are the

results of the students in their external examinations then there is no interference by school

games or training to a further extent. Not illustrated in the research project, the members were

asked in question 9, if school games interfered with studies, and it was found that 70% or 14 of

the members stated that this did not happen. This again also proves that Steiberg, 1988 was right

again about sports enhancing academic achievement.

The graph illustrating the CXC grades attain also show that 75% of the entire sampling

group got 7-9 subjects which are mostly grades 1 and 2 with a few 3’s for these passed subjects.

Feltz & Weiss, 1984 also said that “extra-curricular activities better able…higher achieved levels

of performance”. This again proves that it is beneficial to participate in an extra-curricular

activity. This also is not impacted by the fact that members do not get the minimum required

amount of sleep and a few who gets a minimum of 5 hours with a possible maximum of 8 hours.
They may eventually catch up some of the sleep which is lost on weekends and on holiday

breaks.

Doing an extra-curricular activity does not only benefit the members of the activity

academically, but it also teaches them the principles of team work, responsibility, time

management and sportsmanship. Teaching Team Work is an important principle taught as

everywhere in life, especially in the working world, the individual will need to be able to work

and co-operate with their team to be productive. This team may be a team of people to produce a

presentation or it may be the team of the entire working office to daily produce work for

whoever needs it. This is shown in the graph with 75% of the members learning this. Time

Management is also an important principle taught by extra-curricular activities as with doing

school work and these extra activities will need a balance between them and time management

teaches this. It teaches the individual to divide their time efficiently among each activity so as to

be able to multitask and be able to be productive in each aspect of their activities. This is shown

on the graph with 60% of the members learning this. Ms. Marie Reynolds from Family Life

Ministries agrees that proper Time Management can be beneficial to the individual as it allows

for success as there is a balancing of everything that the person is doing.

The members are also taught the principles of Sportsmanship and Responsibility.

Sportsmanship teaches the person to be competitive to want to win and become successful in a

competition. This lesson of competitiveness allows the individual to compete to be the best in

life and the best in what they do as a person. Competition is in everyday life especially in the

work world and also in applying for tertiary education. They may compete to get a promotion in

the office or organisation and they may have to compete to get accepted into a tertiary institution

by getting the highest grades. Sportsmanship also teaches the individual how to lose and accept
defeat as not everything in life they will be successful. According to Miller et al, 1956 says that

doing an extra-curricular activity allows individuals to assume much responsibility for these

activities. These responsibilities may including starting the activity on time, finding out where

the coach of club supervisor is, assisting the adults in charge as well as other things which need

to be done to ensure the effective running of the extra-curricular activity.

In regards to Hanks, Eckland, 1976 says that with the active participation of extra-

curricular activities, employers and selective colleges will accept you based on the fact that you

do an extra activity during your school or personal life. This is because with doing these

activities, you have become a “well-rounded” individual, which I who these persons want in their

organisations and institutions. This is one of the additive benefits with doing an extra-curricular

activity. There are other benefits of doing extra-curricular activities.

These additive benefits are, you feel energized and able to be productive in whatever you

do because your body is health and fit. This is seen in the responses of the members of the

Jamaica Hockey Federation where there were 10 responses to feeling energetic when doing

hockey. Another benefit is that you are health internally as your body is getting the required

amount of exercise which it needs. This exercising also helps the individual to maintain a

positive weight which prevents the occurrence of obesity among students in this age group.
 Recommendation Page

Based on my findings, as the researcher, there is nothing to be changed as Field Hockey

has a positive impact on its members of the Jamaica Hockey Federation as the members are

producing good grades and are learning positive principles, which are life lessons, which will

create the “well-rounded” individual that Hanks, Eckland speaks about.

The only things that I recommend to be changed are that there be continue of improving

the working team which include umpires and coaches to make the sport better. There also should
be some time and money being pumped into the activity to help endorse the sport so that other

people can experience the positive benefits which Field Hockey can offer. Improvement should

also be placed in the building and maintenance of equipment which is used in training and

playing the game. This includes more balls, sticks, protection gear (shin guards, mouth guards)

and goal-keeper gears.

Appendix
Questionnaire

This questionnaire seeks to investigate if field hockey impacts the members of the Jamaica
Hockey Federation positively or negatively. I thank you for your time in answering it.

Please place a tick ( ) on the lines below.

1. Gender. ___Male ____Female

2. Age. _____

3. On a scale of 1-10, how much do you rate hockey? ___________

4. How often do you play hockey.

____Once per week ____Twice per week _____Three times per week ____other

5. At what level of hockey do you play?

____School ______Club ______National _____International

6. How many subjects did you attained/have in CXC?

____0-3 subjects ______4-6 subjects ______6-9 subjects _____10 and over subjects

7. What were your grades in the CXC examination?

____Grade 1 ______Grade 2 ______Grade 3 _____Others

8. What was your effective time management strategy during hockey season.

____Do assignment after practice _____Do assignment after practice _____Others

9. Did school games interfere with your studies? (getting class notes, doing homework, etc.)

____Yes ____No

10. Has school work piled up on you, or not done because of hockey?

____Yes ____No
11. What feelings do you experience as a result of playing hockey?

____Fatigue (tired) _____Energetic _____Feelings do not change

12. How many hours of sleep do you receive on an average?

____10 hours ____8 hours ____5 hours ____less than 5 hours

13. Do your parents think hockey was interfering with your studies?
____Yes ____No

14. Are you enrolled in or went to a tertiary institution? ____Yes ____No

14i. If yes, which institution. __________________________________

15. What have you learnt as a result of playing hockey?

____Sportsmanship ____Time management ____Responsibilities _____Team work

____Other

Bibliography

http://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/26856

http://www.jamaicahockeyfed.org/

Minutes of the Jamaica Hockey Federation Planning Retreat, January 15, 2011

Mustapha, N.(2009).Sociology for Caribbean Students.Jamaica.Ian Randle Publishers