SAHODAYA PRE BOARD EXAMINATION – 2021-22

Class- XII
Time allowed :2hours Maximum marks :35

General Instructions :
Read the following instructions carefully.
1. Thereare12questionsinthisquestionpaperwithinternalchoice.
2. SECTIONA-Q.No.1to3areveryshortanswerquestionscarrying2markseach.
3. SECTIONB-Q.No.4to11areshortanswerquestionscarrying3markseach.
4. SECTIONC-Q.No.12iscasebasedquestioncarrying5marks.
5. All questions arecompulsory.
6. Useoflogtablesandcalculatorsisnotallowed.
CHEMISTRY
SECTION - A
1. Arrangethefollowingintheincreasingorderoftheirreactivityinnucleophilicadditionreactions(anytwo).
(a) Ethanal, Propanal, Propanone,Butanone
(b) Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Benzaldehyde,Propanaldehyde
(c) Acetone, Benzophenone, Acetophenone,Formaldehyde

2. The standard reduction potential E° for half reactionsare

Zn Zn2+ + 2e– ; E° = +0.76V
Fe Fe2+ + 2e– ; E° = +0.41 V
What is the EMF of the following cell reaction:
Fe2+ + Zn Zn2+ + Fe?

3. Definehalf-lifeofareaction.Writetheexpressionofhalf-lifefor
(a) zero order reactionand
(b) first orderreaction.

SECTION - B
4. Writethehybridisationandmagneticcharacterofthefollowingcomplexes: (a)
[Fe(H2O)6]2+
(b) [Ni(CN)4]2–
[Atomic number : Fe = 26, Ni = 28]

OR
2–
For the complex [NiCl4] , write
(a) the IUPACname
(b) the hybridizationtype
(c) the shape of thecomplex.
(Atomic no. of Ni =28)
5. Account the following:
(a) Whytransitionmetalsformlargenumberofcomplexcompounds?
(b) Thelowestoxideoftransitionmetalisbasicwhereasthehighestoxideisamphotericoracidic.
(c) WhyE°valuefortheMn3+/Mn2+coupleishighlypositive(+1.57V)ascomparedtoCr3+/Cr2+?

OR
Following are the transition metal ions of 3d series :
Ti4+, V2+, Mn3+, Cr3+
(Atomic numbers : Ti = 22, V = 23, Mn = 25, Cr = 24)
Answer the following :
(a) Whichionismoststableinaqueoussolutionandwhy?
(b) Whichionisstrongoxidisingagentandwhy?
(c) Which ion is colourless andwhy?
6. Account for the following:
(a) Why does Zn give H2 gas with H2SO4 but not withHNO3?
(b) Why is fluorine the best oxidisingagent?
(c) E°valuesofthreemetalsarelistedbelow:
2+
Zn (aq) + 2e– Zn(s) ; E° = –0.76 V
2+
F (aq) + 2e– 2Fe (s) ; E° = –0.44 V
eSn2+ + 2e– Sn ; E° = – 0.14 V
(aq) (s)
If iron is coated with zinc it does not get rusted even after cracks appear as compared to when iron
coated with tin. Give reason.

7. (a)ForthereactionN2+3H22NH3,howaretherateofreactionexpressionsinter-related
d[H2 ] d[NH3 ]
dt and dt ?
(b) Rate constant of two reactions are given below. Identify their order of reaction.
(i) k = 5.3 × 10–2 L–1 mol s–1
(ii) k = 3.8 × 10–4 s–1
8. Account for following:
(a) What is the role of adsorption in froth floatation process used especially for concentration of sulphide
ores?
(b) Define multimolecular colloids withexamples.
(c) WhatarethetwoprocessesinvolvedinBredig’sarcmethod?

9. An aromatic compound ‘A’ on treatment with aqueous ammonia and heating forms compound ‘B’ which
onheatingwithBr2andKOHformsacompound‘C’ofmolecularformulaC6H7N.Writethestructuresand IUPAC
names of compounds A, B andC.

OR
Write the reactions of (a) aromatic and (b) aliphatic primary amines with nitrous acid.
10. GivetheIUPACNamesoffollowingcomplexes:
(a) K3[Fe(CN)5NO]
(b) [Co(NH3)5NO2]Cl2
(c) [Cr(en)2Br2]Br
11. Arrange the following as indicated:
(a) CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH, (CH3)3N, NH3 (Decreasing order of basicity in aqueousstate)
(b) Aniline, p-nitroaniline, p-toluidine (Increasing order ofbasicity)
(c) C6H5NH2, C6H5NHCH3, C6H5CH2NH2 (Increasing order ofbasicity)

OR
(a) Givenamethodbywhichtheactivationeffectofanilinecanbereduced.
(b) ThelonepairofCH3NH2ismoreavailablefordonationthanC6H5NH2.Why?
(c) Anilineonnitrationgivesasignificantamountofm-nitroaniline.Givereason.

SECTION C
12. Readthepassagegivenbelowandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.
When an aldehyde with no -hydrogen reacts with concentrated aqueous NaOH, half the aldehyde is
convertedtocarboxylicacidsaltandotherhalfisconvertedtoanalcohol.Inotherwords,halfofthereactant
isoxidizedandotherhalfisreduced.ThisreactionisknownasCannizzaroreaction.
O O
2 Conc.NaOH
C H C ONa+ CH2OH
Mechanism :
O
O O
Ph OH
H Ph C H+C Ph
C
OH H
O O O OH
Ph C + H C Ph Ph C + C Ph
O H HO
H H
(a) WhatdoesamixtureofbenzaldehydeandformaldehydeproduceonheatingwithaqueousNaOH?
(b) Out of benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde one gives Cannizzaro reaction and the other undergoes aldol
condensation. Identify and give their respectivereactions.
(c) For the Canizzaroreaction,

2PhCHO OH- PhCH OH +PhCO–

2 2
Which is the slowest step?
(d) DoesCannizaroreactionresultsintheformationofC—Cbond?
OR
What are the Cannizzaro product of trichloroacetaldehyde?
 Solution

CHEMISTRY - 043

Class 12 - Chemistry

1. (a) Butanone < Propanone < Propanal<Ethanal

(b) Benzaldehyde < Propanaldehyde <Acetaldehyde (b) In [Ni(CN)4]2– : Ni is present as Ni(II) with 3d 8
<Formaldehyde configuration.
(c) Benzophenone<Acetophenone<Acetone<
Formaldehyde
2. EMF =E°cathode [Ni(CN)4]2– :
– E°anode =0.76–0.41=0.35V
3. Thetimetakenforhalfofthereactiontocomplete,
i.e., the time in which the concentration of a reactant
isreducedtohalfofitsoriginalvalueiscalledhalf-life
period of thereaction. The complex ion has square planar geometry and is
t t [R0 ]
when [R]  diamagnetic in nature.
1/2
2 OR
(a) For zero order reaction rate constant is given by : (a) Tetrachloridonickelate(II)ion
[R]0  [R] [R]0
k , At t t1/2 , [R]  (b) Ni atom (Z =28)
t 2
Ground state :
[R]0  [R]0 [R] [R]
k 2 k 0
t  0
1/2
t1/2 2 1/2 k
t Ni2+ ion :
Inzeroorderreaction,t1/2isdirectlyproportionalto
[R]0. [NiCl4]2– :
(b) For first orderreaction,
2.303 [R]0 [R]
k log , At t t1/2 , [R]  0
t [R] 2
2.303 [R]0
k  log or, t 2.303 (c) The complex ion has tetrahedral geometryand
 log 2
t1/2 1/2 is paramagnetic due to the presence of unpaired
[R]0 /2 k
electrons.
2.303  0.3010 0.693 5. (a) Transition metals form a large numberof
t1/2  t1/2 
k k complex compounds due to following reasons:
In first order reaction, t1/2 is independent of initial – Comparatively smaller size of metalions.
concentration. – High ioniccharges.
4. (a) [Fe(H2O)6]2+: – Availabilityofd-orbitalsforbondformation.
Fe atom (Z = 26) (b) Lowest oxidation compounds of transition
0 metals are basic due to their ability to get oxidised
Ground state : to higher oxidation states. Whereas, the higher
oxidation state of metal and compounds gets
Fe2+ion : reduced to lower ones and hence are acidic in nature.
e.g., MnO is basic whereas Mn2O7 isacidic.
[Fe(H2O)6]2+:
5 (c) Much larger third ionisation energy of Mn(where
change is d5 to d4) is mainly responsible for this. This
alsoexplainsthat+3stateofMnisoflittleimportance.
OR
4+
(a) Ti has highest oxidation state among the given
Thecomplexionhasouterorbitaloctahedralgeometry ions.Ti4+hasstableinertgasconfigurationandhence,
most stable in aqueoussolution.
(highspin)andisparamagneticduetothepresenceof four
On the other hand, V2+, Mn3+, Cr3+ have unstable
unpairedelectrons.
electronic configuration and hence, are less stable.
(b) Due to presence of highest oxidation state ofTi, it
acts as the strongest oxidising agent among the given
ions.
(c) Due to absence of unpaired electron in Ti4+, it isa
colourless ion.
E.C. of Ti4+ : [Ar]3d04s0
6. (a) Due to reduction of NO– in preference toH+
ion. 3
+ ion is not reduced to give H2 gas.
H saltsonreactionwithnitrousacidbuttheyareunstable
(b) Higher the reduction potential, stronger isthe
oxidising agent.
(c) Iron coated with zinc does not get rusted even if
cracksappearonthesurfacebecauseZnwilltakepart
inredoxreactionnotFeasZnismorereactivethanFe. If
iron is coated with tin and cracks appear on the
surface,FewilltakepartinredoxreactionbecauseSn is
less reactive thanFe.
7. (a) H2 decreases three times as fast as that of
N2 while NH3 increases twice as fast as that of
N2decreases.
1 d[H2]1 d[NH3]
Hence, Rate  
3 dt 2 dt
(b)Forzeroorderreactionrateconstant
= molL11 = mol L–1s–1
s (molL1)0
molL1 1 1
 s
Forfirstorder,rateconstant= s Electronwithdrawinggroup(–NO2)onbenzenering
mol L1
8. (a) Pine oil is adsorbed on sulphide ore particles
resulting in formation of emulsion andfroth.
(b) In multimolecular colloids, the smaller particles
aggregate and are held together by van der Waals’
forces,e.g.solsofgoldatomsandsulphurmolecules.
(c) The method involves both dispersion and
condensation.Theintenseheatofarcvapourisessome of
the metal which condenses under coldwater.
9. Formulaofthecompound‘C’indicatesittobean
amine. Since it is obtained by the reaction of Br 2 and
KOH with the compound ‘B’ so compound ‘B’ canbe
an amide. It is also indicated because ‘B’ is obtained
from compound ‘A’ by reaction with ammonia
following by heating. So compound ‘A’ could be an
aromaticacid.Formulaofcompound‘C’showsthatit is
aniline, then ‘B’ is benzamide and compound ‘A’is
benzoicacid.Thesequenceofreactionscanbewritten as
follows:
OR
(a) Aromatic primary amines react with nitrous acid
to form diazoniumsalts.
(b) Aliphatic primary amines also form diazonium
and decompose to give the corresponding alcohols as
the major product with the evolution ofnitrogen.

RNH2HNO2273HCl RN2 Cl 
278K  
O
H2 ROHN2HCl
10. (a) Potassium pentacyanonitrosylferrate(II)
(b) Pentaamminenitrocobalt(III)chloride
(c) Dibromidobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)chromium(III)
bromide
11. (a) (CH3)2NH > CH3NH2 > (CH3)3N > NH3
NH2 NH2 NH2
(b) < <
Aniline
NO 2 CH3
p p
-nitroaniline -toluidine
decreases the basicity and electron donating group
(–CH3) on benzene ring increases the basicity of
compound.
(c) C6H5NH2 < C6H5NHCH3 <
C6H5CH2NH2C6H5NH2 and C6H5NHCH3 are less
basic than aliphatic amine, C6H5CH2NH2 since in
aromatic amines lone pair of nitrogen is in
conjugation with
benzene ring. But due to +I effect of —CH3 group in
C6H5NHCH3, it is more basic than C6H5NH2.
OR
(a) After acetylation of aniline, acetanilide
isformedinwhichduetothepresenceof
group having –I effect, electron density
on N-atom decreases and hence, activation effect of
aniline getsreduced.
(b) CH3NH2 is more basic than C6H5NH2because
in aniline the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen are
involved in resonance.
(c) Nitration is carried out with conc. HNO 3 in the
presence of conc. H2SO4. In the presence of these
acids, the –NH2 group of aniline getsprotonated and
 (c) Hydride transfer is the sloweststep.
is converted into –NH3 group. This positivelycharged
groupactsasastrongelectronwithdrawingandmeta- O– O
directing group. Hence, the incoming electrophile
Ph slow
goestom-position. C OH+Ph C H step
H
12. (a) It is an example of cross Cannizzaro reaction
where aromatic aldehyde gets reduced to alcohol and O
aliphatic aldehyde gets oxidised to its sodium salt Ph C OH+Ph CH2O–
(bothaldehydesmustnotcontainany-hydrogen). (d) C C bond is not formed in Cannizzaroreaction
CHO CH2OH
whileotherreactionsresultintheformationofC C
+ NaOH + HCHO∆ + HCOONa bond.

(b) Benzaldehyde undergoes Cannizarro reaction OR

while acetaldehyde undergoes Aldol condensation.
CHO CH2OH COONa The Cannizzaro product of given reaction yields
2, 2,2-trichloroethanol.
 Cl O Cl O
2 + conc. NaOH
2Cl C C NaOH
Cl C C
O dil. NaOH
CH3 C + HCH2CHO H O–
Cl Cl
trichloroacetate ion
Ethanal
H
Ethanal Cl OH


+Cl C CH2
Cl
2, 2, 2-trichloroethanol