Flexible Learning A.Y.

2021-2022
DISTANCE EDUCATION COURSE GUIDE USING OBTL DESIGN v1

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
LIMITS
1. L im cf ( x ) = c L im f ( x )
x ®a x ®a
2. L im éëf ( x ) ± g ( x ) ùû = L im f ( x ) ± L im g ( x )
x ®a x ®a x ®a
3. L im f ( x ) g ( x ) = L im f ( x ) L im g ( x )
x ®a x ®a x ®a

f (x) L im f ( x )
x ®a
4. L im =
x ®a g (x) L im g ( x )
x ®a
provided L im g ( x ) exists
x ®a
P
5. L im éëf ( x ) ùû = éL im f ( x ) ù
p
x ®a êë x ®a úû

6. L im logb f ( x ) = logb L im f ( x )
x ®a
( x ®a
)
Infinite Limits and Limits at Infinity
c
1. ¥ + ¥ = ¥ 5. =0
±¥
c
2. c ± ¥ = ±¥ 6. = +¥
0+
c
3. c ( ±¥ ) = ±¥ 7. = -¥
0-
4. ¥ ( ±¥ ) = ±¥ 8. 0+¥ = 0

Indeterminate Forms
0
1. 4. ¥ - ¥ 7. ¥0
0
±¥
2. 5. 1¥
±¥
3. 0 ¥ 6. 0 0
Finding Limits:
a. By Direct Substitution
1. L im ( sin x - cos x )
x ® 1p
3

2. L im
x ®¥
(x + x )
b. By Factoring

x 2 - x - 12
3. L im
x ®-3 x+3
4. L im
x ®¥
(x - x )
c. Rationalizing the Denominator or Numerator

æ 2-t - 2ö
5. L im ç ÷÷
t ®0 ç t
è ø

6. L im
x ®+¥
( 1+ x - x )

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DISTANCE EDUCATION COURSE GUIDE USING OBTL DESIGN v1

d. L’Hospital’s Rule
f (x) ±¥ 0
If L im = or , then
x ®a g (x) ±¥ 0
f (x) f '(x)
L im = L im
x ®a g (x) x ®a g '(x)
ln x
7. L im 9. L im xe x
x ®+¥ x x ®-¥
x
e -1 1
8. L im 10. L im (1 - 2 x ) x
x ®0 sin x x ®0

Some Applications of Limits:

11. Find the value of x at which the curve
x 2 - 16
y =
x 2 - 5x + 4
has a vertical asymptote
12. From relativity theory,
mo
m=
2
æv ö
1- ç ÷
èc ø
What happens to the mass as v ® c ?
DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAS

Algebraic Functions

1.
d
dx
( )
u n = nu n -1
du
dx
dc
2. =0
dx
d du dv
3. (u ± v ) = ±
dx dx dx
d du dv
4. (uv ) = v + u
dx dx dx
du dv
v -u
d æu ö dx dx
5. =
dx çè v ÷ø v2
Exponential Functions

6.
d u
dx
( )
e = eu
du
dx
7.
d u
dx
( )
a = au ln a
du
dx

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DISTANCE EDUCATION COURSE GUIDE USING OBTL DESIGN v1

Logarithmic Functions
d 1 du
8. lnu =
dx u dx
d 1 du
9. log u =
dx a ulna dx
Trigonometric Functions
d du
10 .
dx
( )
sinu = cosu
dx
d du
11.
dx
( )
cosu = − sinu
dx
d du
12.
dx
( )
tanu = sec 2 u
dx
d 2 du
13.
dx
( )
cot u = − csc u
dx
d du
14.
dx
( )
secu = sec u tanu
dx
d du
15.
dx
( )
cscu = − csc u cot u
dx
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
d 1 du
16.
dx
(
arcsinu = )
1− u 2 dx
d −1 du
17.
dx
(
arccosu = )
1− u 2 dx
d 1 du
18. (
arctanu = )
dx 1+ u 2 dx
d −1 du
19. (
arc cot u = )
dx 1+ u 2 dx
d 1 du
20.
dx
(
arc sec u = )
u u − 1 dx
2

d −1 du
21.
dx
(
arc csc u = )
u u 2 − 1 dx
Hyperbolic Functions
d du
22. sinhu = coshu
dx dx
d du
23. coshu = sinhu
dx dx
d du
24. tanhu = sech2u
dx dx
d 2 du
25. cothu = −csch u
dx dx
d du
26. sech2u = sech u tanhu
dx dx
d du
27. csch u = −csch u cothu
dx dx

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DISTANCE EDUCATION COURSE GUIDE USING OBTL DESIGN v1

Inverse Hyperbolic Functions

d du 1
28. sinh-1 u =
dx u 2 + 1 dx
d 1 du
29. cosh-1 u =
dx u 2 - 1 dx
d 1 du
30. tanh-1 u =
dx 1 - u 2 dx
d 1 du
31. coth-1 u =
dx 1 - u 2 dx
d -1 du
32. sech-1 u =
dx u 1- u 2 dx

d -1 du
33. csch-1 u =
dx u 1+ u 2 dx

Example:
1. Find the derivative with respect to the independent variable.
d
a x+ x
dx
b.
d
dx
(
cos x 3 - 1 )
c.
d
dx
(
cos x 3 - 1 )
d
d. ( cos x - 1)3
dx
d
e. ( sin x csc x )
dx
f.
d
dx
(
sin-1 x + cos-1 x )
d æ 1 1ö
g. ç + ln ÷
dx è ln x xø
d x ln x
i. e
dx
d
h. sec -1 ln x
dx
d æ ex 5x ln x ö
j. ç5 + 5 + 5 ÷
dx è ø
k.
d
dx
(
log5 5 x + log2 2sin x )
l.
d
dx
(
cosh2 x )
d
m. ( sin x )sin x
dx
n. x = 1 - cos t, y = 1 + 3 sin t

2. Find the value of the derivative

a. If f ( x ) = 4 x - x find the value of f ' ( 4 )
dy
b. If x 2 + y 2 = 25, find the value of at the
dx
point (3,4)
c. Let f ( x ) = log2 x. Find the value of f ' (1)
d. Let f ( x ) = ln x 2 . Find the value of f ' (1)
1
e. Let f ( x ) = x x . Find the value of f ' ( e )

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