litativeAnalysis 127

Describe
the chemistry of match stick test.
s6.
match
stick
sti test, the sulphate is reduced to sulphide by carbor of match stick which then
In
Ans. lour with sodium
givesvioletcolo nitroprusside solution.
ZnSO,+Na,cO, ZnCO,+Na,5O,
Na,SO,+ 4C Na,S+ 4CO
(Match
stick)

Na,S+ Na,[Fe(CN), NO] Na, [Fe(CN), NOS]

Purple colour
does iodine give a blue colour with starch solution ?
Q.57 Why
Ans. The blue colour is due to the formation of a complex between iodine and starch.

0.58. What is Nessler's Reagent ?

Ans. Nessler's reagent is K,[Hgl,l, Potassium tetraiodomercurate (I). It is prepared by dissolving
mercuriciodine in potassium iodine solution. It is used for detecting ammonia and ammoniurm
ions.

.59. Name a cation which is not obtained from a metal.

Ans. Ammonium ion (NH,").

Q.60. What is aqua regia ?

Ans. Aqua regia is a mixture of concentrated HCl and concentrated HNO, in the ratio 3: 1 by
volume.

Q.61. What is the name of the pro duct obtained when NH,' ions are reacted with Nessler's
Reagent ?
Ans. Basic nmercury (1I) amido-iodine, HgO . Hg(NH,)I. Its common name is iodide of Millon's base.
Q62. Why is original solution not prepared in conc. HNO, ?
Ans. HNO, is an oxidising agent which on decomposition gives oxygen. A yellow ppt. ofsulphur
is obtained in presence of HNO, when H,S is passed.
H,S+2HNO, 2NO, +2H,O S
6 3 . Why is original solution for cations not prepared in concentrated H,SO,?
H,SO wouldlead to precipitation of cations of group V as their sulphates

Name group reagents for different groups.

Ans. Group I--Dil. HCl
Group I1H,S in the presence of dil. HC.
Group Il1--NH,OH in the presence of NH,C
Group H,S in the presence of NH,OH.
Group V-(NH), CO,in the presence of NH,Cl and NH,OH.
Group VI-No speciic group reagent.
 to the test tor the basic
sic riradicals
before proceeding
Q65. Whyisit essential to add dil. HCl
of group II ?
of H° ions in the
solution and hence
ion and hence sUn
Ans. Dilute HCl increases the concentration
effect. As a result of which the su
suppresses
the dissociation of H,S due to
common ion
of the sulphides of
sulphide ion
exceed the solubility product of les
concentration is sufficient only to roup
cations.
of Ill and IV cations are ve
Since the solubility products (Ksp) for the sulphides groups
those cations are not precipitated out
under the above conditions.

before precipitation of cations of group It

Q. 66. Why is it essential to boil off H,S gas
is boiled with conc, nitric acid. If H
Ans. Before precipitation of group IlI cations, the solution
s

boiled off before adding nitric acid then it would react with HNO, andwould be oridi
to colloidal sulphur, which would interfere with the further analys1s. loreover, the presence
sence
of dissolved H,S would precipitate radicals of group
IV in group I1.
in group III ?
Q67. Why is the Original Solution boiled with conc. HN0,
Ans. In the presence of NH, CI, Fe(OH), is not completely precipitated because of its highsolubilit
product. For this reason Fe2t salts are oxidised to Fest salts by boiling with conc. HNO, before
addingNH,Cl and NH,OH ; otherwise Fe" would not be completely precipitatedinIllgroup.

Q68. Why is NH,Cl added along with NH,OH in group I1 ?

Ans. Itis done in order to decrease the concentration of OH ions by suppressing theionisation
ofNH,OH by common ion effect. If NH,OH alone is used the concentration of OH would be
enough to precipitate the hydroxides of IV, V and VI cations
Q69. What is blue lake?
Ans. It is blue particles, blue litmus adsorbed on white ppt. of Al(OH), floating in colourless
solution.
Q70. HS gasis passed in presence of NH,OH in group IV. Explain why?
Ans, When H,5 gas is passed in alkaline medium or NH, OH, the H" ions from thedissociation f
H,S gas combine with hydroxyl ions (OH) from the dissociation of NH,OH to form nearly
unionised H,0.

H,S 2H+82
2NHOH 20H +2NH,
H'+OH H,0
The removal of H' ions from the solution causes
more of H.S to
the concentration of S ions to such an
dissociate, thereby incred
extent that the ionic
exceeds their solubility products. Hence product of group IV metal phides
suup
they get precipitated.
Q.71. Presence of NH Cl is quite essential before the pV
Explain why ?
addition of (NH), C0, in gro
Ans. Ammonium chloride suppresses the ionisation
of NH,OH and
effect which results in the decrease in the (NH), CO, due to com ionic

concentration of OH and CO,2 S0 ions.

poalitativeAnalysis
129
aroduct
pr does not exceed the solubility product of Mg(OH), or MgCO,
not precipitated during analysis of group Vcations and thereby they are
Why are the group V cations tested in the order Ba?, S2 and Ca2?
Q72.

Tests of Sr and Ca"" are given by Ba also. Similarly tests of Ca?

are gjven by Se also.

Therefore before confirming Sr" we have to show absence of Ba and
before confirming Ca
we have to show absence of Ba2 and Sr2

Q7 Na,CO, cannot be used in place of (NH), Co, in the group v. Explain why?
Ans. Na,CO, is highly ionised electrolyte, which produces very high conc. of Co,ions. Asa result
ionic product of MgCO, may exceed its Ksp and it may get precipitated along with the radicals
of group V.

0.74. How will you prepare chlorine water ?

Ans. Take conc. HCl in a test tube and add KMnO, solution dropwise tillthepink colour starts
persisting. Now add a few drops of conc. HCl so that pink colour disappears. Thecolourless
solution thus obtained is chlorine water.

Q.75. Can we use ammonium sulphate in place of ammonium chloride in precipitation of

group III cations ?
Ans. No, ammonium sulphate cannot be used because it would cause precipitation of group V
radicals as their sulphates in group III.
Q76. Why does conc. HNO, kept in a bottle turns yellow in colour ?
Ans. This is due to formation of NO by decomposition of HNO, which is further oxidized to NO0
Yellow colour in due to dissolved NO