EXPERIMENT 1B

AIM
Studying the properties of acids (HC) by their reaction with:
(a) Litmus solution (Blue/Red)
(b) Zinc metal
(c) Solid sodium carbonate

MATERIALS REQUIRED
(i) Zinc granules (ii) Distilled water
(iii) Solid sodium carbonate (iv) Sodium hydroxide solution
(w) Litmus solutions-both red and blue (vi) Burner
(vii) Boiling tubes (viii) Test tube holder
(ix) Glass rod (x) Round bottom flask

THEORY
An acid is a substance which furnishes H' ions, when it is dissolved in water.
HCl(aq)- H*(aq) + Cl(aq)
1. HCl is an acid and turns blue litmus red.
2. When HCl reacts with zinc metal, it forms zinc chloride and liberates hydrogen gas.

Zn(s)+
Zinc
2HCI(dilute) ZnCl + H21
Hydrochlorie acid Zinc chloride Hydrogen
gas
3. HCl reacts with sodium hydroxide which is a strong alkali to form sodium chloride.
NaOH HC1 NaCl +H,0
Sodium hydroxide Hydrochlorie acid Sodium chloride Water
4. HCl reacts with solid sodium carbonate and gives rise to cO
Na,COg + 2HCI 2NaCl+ H,O + CO, T
Sodium Hydrochlorie Sodium Water Carbon
carbonatte acid chloride dioxide
5. Phenolphthalein is an indicator. In alkaline solution it gives pink colour whereas it becomes colourless in
acidic medium.

PROCEDURE
1. Take two test tubes and label them A and B.
2. Take a little amount of blue litmus solution in test tube A and red litmus in test tube B. Then add few drops
of HCl to each test tube and shake them, observe the change in colour.
3. Take a boiling tube. Put some zine granules in it. Add a few drops of HCl to it so that the pieces get sub-
merged under HC Place a stopper with a fine jet on the mouth of the tube. Heat the boiling tube. After
sometime bring a burning matchstick near the mouth of the fine jet.
4. Take a small quantity ofsodium carbonate in a round bottom flask. Also add some distilled water and shake.
Fit a double holed cork with one thistle funnel and a delivery tube. Now, add HCl to the Na,CO, solution in
the flask. Pass the gas evolved through limewater. Observe the change in colour of limewater.
5. quantity of sodium hydroxide solution in boiling tube. Add
Take a smal
indicator to it.
a few drops of phenolphthalein
6. The solution will become pink. Now, add HCI drop by drop till pink colour disappears completely.

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OBSERVATION AND INFERENCE
Inference
Observation
S. No. Procedure

1. Reaction with blue and

red litmus solutions acid having pH value below 7.
litmus HCI is an
HCl turns blue
Add a few drops of blue litmus
red.
solution into 1 mL of dilute
HCl.

2 Reaction with zincemetal The gas evolved is H2

to zinc granules The gas is evolved which|
Add dilute HCl
burns with pop sound. Zn+ 2HCI ZnCl2 +H1
in a boiling tube, warm a Zinc Hydrochloric Zinc chloride Hydrogen
acid
little and bring a matchstick
near
the fine jet.
3. Reaction with solid
sodium carbonate
The gas evolved is CO.
Add dilute HCl to sodium car The gas evolved turns
limewater milky.
bonate,pass the gas formed 2NaCl + CO2 T+ H,0
through limewater.
Na,COg + 2HCl Sodium
Hydro- Carbon Water
Sodium
carbonate
chloric chloride dioxide
acid

PRECAUTIONS

1. Add HCl to Na,CO, only when apparatus is made fully airtight.

2. NaOH and HCl are injurious, so handle these chemicals carefully.
3. Dip the lower end of the thistle funnel in solutions.
will disappear.
4. Do not pass carbon dioxide in excess through limewater, otherwise milkiness
5. Take small quantities of zinc, hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.