Substation Automation and REL 670 Line Distance

Protection Training Protection IED

Fuse failure
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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FUSE FAILURE – the problem

ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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FUSE FAILURE – the idea
Fuse failure function detects the loss of signal from VTs.
This information is used to block distance protection function and any other voltage
related function.

To Block Voltage
related functions

ZM01
ZM02
ZM03
ABB AB, 2007

ZM04
ZM05
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2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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FSD – the algorithms

Solidly earthed systems

Zero sequence algorithm.
Detection of Fuse Failure:

high value of zero sequence voltage (3Uo>)

absence of zero sequence current (3Io<)

High impedance earthed systems

Negative sequence algorithm.
Detection of Fuse Failure:

high value of negative sequence voltage (3U2>)

absence of negative sequence current (3I2<)
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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FSD – the algorithms

INFORMATION FROM BUILT-IN

DEAD PHASE DETECTION

U> and I> check:

The line had normal operating conditions for at least 200 ms

before the fuse failure was activated

Dead phase detection prevents activation of fuse failure during

single pole A/R (when temporary unbalance in the primary
system could cause unwanted activation of fuse failure signal)
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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FSD – the algorithms

MCB trips generally three phase (3-phase fuse failure)

All the three voltages are missing at

the same time

It is impossible to detect
a negative sequence voltage
or a zero sequence voltage.

Detection of Fuse (MCB) Failure:

Auxiliary contact from the MCB connected to a

binary input of the terminal
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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FSD – Presence of line Disconnector

PRESENCE OF LINE DISCONNECTOR

If the line disconnector is open, the

undervoltage function could trip. V

An auxiliary contact from the

disconnector feeds the information
CB opened to FUSE FAILURE which U<
operates the signal FSD1-BLKU.
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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FSD – Busbar switching (or 3-phase fuse failure)

During busbar switching it can happen that for a while none of

the 2 VTs is connected to the terminal.

All the three voltages are missing at

the same time

It is impossible to detect
a negative sequence voltage
or a zero sequence voltage.
MCB does not trip because there is
no failure in secondary circuit.
0
Zm = = 0
I
No fuse failure is detected and
ABB AB, 2007

impedance protection might trip!

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2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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FSD – Busbar switching (or 3-phase fuse failure)

In this situation FUSE should also operate:

Delta U and Delta I algorithm: ΔU/Δt

The delta current and delta voltage

algorithm, detects a fuse failure if a
sufficient negative change in voltage
amplitude without a sufficient change in
current amplitude is detected.

This algorithm only operates if the circuit ΔI/Δt

breaker is closed.
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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FSD – (RFUF) – Settings

What happens in case of “real fuse failure”?

3Io or 3I2 is more or less very small, so which algorithm will be choosen?

Actually it does not matter which one will be chosen because they both
work well in case of “real fuse failure”. This algorithm has been done to
increase the security during network unbalances (single phase opening,
ABB AB, 2007

faults etc.).
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2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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FSD – Settings

Settings for “>>“ and “<<”

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2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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FSD – Settings

Settings for D I – D U algorithm

I must have a load to release DI-DU

ΔU (down)

ΔI (up)
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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FSD – Settings

Settings for Dead Phase detection

ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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FSD – Settings

Settings for Locking (seal-in) FUSE FAILURE

detection in the non-volatile memory
and for its automatic reset at line energization
(see next page for state diagram)
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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FSD – (RFUF) - State diagram
x,y,z = output status = FSD1-3PH, FSD1-BLKU, FSD1-BLKZ

Switch-on
and Switch-off
the terminal

re detected more
Fuse failu re detected
AND Block Fuse Failuthan 5s
ASE = ON
Normal DEAD PH U functions
AND SEALIN ized
nerg
Load Block Line de-e
Condition 0,1,0 U, Z functions STORE
Internal Latch non-volatile memory

0,0,0 0,1,1
Block U, Z functions
ilure
No Fuse Fa cted
detected dete 1,1,1
Fa ilure ired )
use repa
No F (Fuse
Line energized
s
n5 FUSE
tha
Block re
mo
U, Z functions lu re ND N
i A
Fa =O
Fuse se IN ed ed
Fu A L rgiz ect
Failure 0,1,1 SE e ene re Det
Detected Lin ailu d)
e F aire
o Fus e rep
n (fu s
A ND
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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FSD – (RFUF) - State diagram

x,y,z = output status = FSD1-3PH, FSD1-BLKU, FSD1-BLKZ

ctor)
n disconne
DISC (ope Block
Normal U functions
by disconnector
Load 0,1,0
Condition
0,0,0 tor closed
Disconnec

MC
B “re
pai
red
”

Block
U, Z functions
MCB Trip by MCB trip
0,1,1
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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FSD – (RFUF) - State diagram
x,y,z = output status = FSD1-3PH, FSD1-BLKU, FSD1-BLKZ

n Block Switch-on
C ope U functions
DIS and Switch-off
by disconnector the terminal

0,1,0
sed
C clo
DIS e than 5s
AD PHAS
E FUSE mor
FUSE + DE Block
Normal U functions
nergized
Load Block Line de-e
Condition U, Z functions STORE
0,1,0
Internal non-volatile memory
Latch
0,0,0 0,1,1
Block U, Z functions
No FUSE d)
rep aire 1,1,1
F use
U SE (
MCB Trip

No F
Line energized
“repaired”
MCB

FUSE
s
n5
Block ha
r et
U, Z functions mo
U SE
Block F ed
FUSE g iz )
ner red
U, Z functions 0,1,1 ee pai
L i n
u se er
by MCB trip E( f
US
n oF
0,1,1
ABB AB, 2007
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2007-10-03 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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FSD – (RFUF) – Configuration

ABB AB, 2007
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