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  • Dr. Tayyaba Noor: School of Chemical and Materials Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad

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    Dr. Tayyaba Noor gave a lecture on colloidal chemistry, discussing that colloids are chemical systems with small particles 1-1000 nm in size dispersed in a continuous medium without settling, such as smoke, foam, and milk. Gold nanoparticles are prepared as surface-protected colloids using alkanethiolate ligands to cap the particles and prevent aggregation during reduction with sodium borohydride. Capping agents are important for controlling the growth and stabilization of colloidal nanoparticles during precipitation.

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    Lecture 5....Colloids

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    Dr. Tayyaba Noor gave a lecture on colloidal chemistry, discussing that colloids are chemical systems with small particles 1-1000 nm in size dispersed in a continuous medium without settling, such as smoke, foam, and milk. Gold nanoparticles are prepared as surface-protected colloids using alkanethiolate ligands to cap the particles and prevent aggregation during reduction with sodium borohydride. Capping agents are important for controlling the growth and stabilization of colloidal nanoparticles during precipitation.

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    3 views10 pages

    Dr. Tayyaba Noor: School of Chemical and Materials Engineering National University of Sciences and Technology Islamabad

    Uploaded by

    abc xyz
    Dr. Tayyaba Noor gave a lecture on colloidal chemistry, discussing that colloids are chemical systems with small particles 1-1000 nm in size dispersed in a continuous medium without settling, such as smoke, foam, and milk. Gold nanoparticles are prepared as surface-protected colloids using alkanethiolate ligands to cap the particles and prevent aggregation during reduction with sodium borohydride. Capping agents are important for controlling the growth and stabilization of colloidal nanoparticles during precipitation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Dr.

    Tayyaba Noor
    School of Chemical and Materials Engineering
    National University of Sciences and Technology
    Islamabad
    Today’s Lecture

     Colloidal Chemistry
    What are Colloids
    A chemical system composed of a regular medium
    (continuous phase), in which small particles ranging
    1 to 1000 nm in size are distributed (disperse phase),
    such that the particles do not settle down under the
    influence of gravity and are not readily filtered.

    Smoke (solid particles in gas) Foam (gas bubble in liquid) Milk (fat droplets in
    liquid)
    Gold Colloid
    Nanoparticles of gold are prepared as surface protected alkanethiolate- gold colloid from
    chloride salt and sodium borohydride as reducing agent .

    Reducing agent

    Capping agent
    Metal Salt Metal nanoparticles
    TEM Image of Gold
    Colloid
    Capping Agents and Colloids

    The capping agents in colloidal solution restricts the particle


    growth during precipitation by arresting the growth of the
    nuclei.

    The crystallites precipitated from the solution in presence of


    capping agent may lead to produce nano sized particles,
    which can be isolated by filtration.

    Also known as stabilizing agents or ligands.


    Importance of Capping Agents

     Prevent uncontrollable growth of particles

     Curtail particle aggregation

     Control growth rate

     Controls particle size and morphology

     Allows particle solubility in various solvents


    Commonly Used Capping Agents
    1. Organic ligands
    • Thiols (thioethanol, thioglycerol, mercaptoethylamine, etc)
    • Amines

    3. Polymers
    • Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)

    2. Surfactants
    • Cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)

    4. Solvents
    • ether
    • thioether
    Colloids and cleaning action of soap
    Soap molecule

    Soap consists of hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part


    Colloids and cleaning action of soap
    Most of the dirt is oily in nature and oil does not dissolve
    in water.

    The hydrophobic part interact with dirt and hydrophilic


    part interact with water
    Colloids and cleaning action of soap

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