INFORMATION SHEET 1.

1-1
<<OH&S
Policies and procedures>>

Learning Objective: at the end of this lesson the student must be able to
 Identify the hazard and risk in assembling computer
 Identify OHS in assembling computer

In this module you will learn planning and preparing safety and procedure
in assembling unit

https://icttechtips.wordpress.com/2018/07/09/css-coc1-occupational-health-and-safety-
policy/
https://gltnhs-tle.weebly.com/lesson-3.html
Occupational Health and Safety

Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a

planned system of working to prevent illness and
injury where you work by recognizing and
identifying hazards and risks. Health and safety
procedure is the responsibility of all persons in
the industries. You must identify the hazards
where you are working and evaluate and control
how dangerous they are. Eliminate the hazard or
modify the risk that it presents.

Occupational Health and Safety standards Procedure

1. Identify the hazard

2. Clear the area close to the hazard
3. Partition the hazard off or clearly identify the area to protect other people from
harm
4. If the hazard is easily and safely cleared then do so
If not…..
5. Report the hazard to the appropriate person ( Trainer )
6. Following clearing of the hazard fill out the correct documentation to assist in
identifying improved practice to reduce further incidence of hazards

Hazardous substances

If the workplace hazard appears to be dangerous to staff and clients and

professional assistance is required call the Trainer / appropriate person and advise
them of the problem and the urgency of the matter
 Personal safety while working on Pc
1. Do not work alone so that there’s someone who can take care of you in case of emergency.
2. Always power off the computer and unplug the computer before working on it.
3. Take away any liquid near your working area to avoid getting electrocuted or accidentally
damaging computer parts.
4. Be careful with tools that may cause short circuit.
5. Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any part of the computer.
6. Do not use excessive force if things don’t quite slip into place.
7. Clean the area before and after using it to maintain sanitation and prevent accidents.
8. Hold the components on the edges and do not touch the Integrated Circuit (IC) parts.
9. Always wear personal protective equipment’s (PPE) in accordance with the organization’s OHS
procedures and practices.
10. Make sure that the pins are properly aligned when connecting a cable connector.
11. Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other emergencies are recognized.
12. Use brush, compressed air or blower in cleaning the computer system.
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-2
Tools, equipment and testing devices

Learning Objective: at the end of this lesson the student must be able to
 Identify the different tools, Equipment and testing devices for the
assemble of computer hardware
 Enumerate safety handling tools, Equipment and testing devices in
installation.

In the past module you will learned how to plan and prepare safety and
procedure in accordance with system requirements, in this module you will
learn the different type of tools and equipment and testing devices.

http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2086239&seqNum=7
https://www.techopedia.com/definition

Tools, Equipment and testing Devices

For every job there is the right tool. Make sure that you
are familiar with the correct use of each tool and that the
correct tool is used for the current task. Skilled use of
tools and software makes the job less difficult and ensures
that tasks are performed properly and safely.

A toolkit should contain all the tools necessary to

complete hardware repairs. As you gain experience, you
learn which tools to have available for different types of
jobs. Hardware tools are grouped into four categories:

 ESD tools
 Hand tools
 Diagnostic tools

ESD Tools

There are two ESD tools: the antistatic wrist strap and the antistatic mat. The
antistatic wrist strap protects computer equipment when grounded to a
computer chassis. The antistatic mat protects computer equipment by
preventing static electricity from accumulating on the hardware or on the
technician.

Anti-static wrist strap is a key piece of safety gear that helps to

prevent the build-up of static electricity near sensitive
electronics or other projects where static charge could damage electronics or
cause safety issues. The wrist strap is often used with an anti-static mat or
other type of work space covering. Special, highly conductive threads on the
wrist strap lead to a ground conductor in order to discharge static electricity
safely.

Anti-static floor mat or ground mat is an anti-static device that

safeguards an individual or piece of equipment like a PC from
an electrostatic discharge (ESD). Computer components that
are sensitive to static electricity or ESD are motherboards,
CPUs, expansion cards and memory devices.

Hand Tools

Most tools used in the computer assembly process are small hand tools.
They are available individually or as part of a computer repair toolkit. Toolkits
range widely in size, quality, and price. Some common hand tools and their
uses are:

 Precision Screwdriver. Set of Screwdriver in which the

top of the handle can rotate, so as to support the palm of
the hand while two fingers control the rotation of the
screw.

 Needle-nose pliers: Used to hold small parts.

 Part retriever: Used to retrieve parts from locations that

are too small for your hand to fit.

 Tweezers: Used to manipulate small parts.

  Flashlight: Used to light up areas that you cannot see well.

Diagnostic Tools

Diagnostic tools are used to test and diagnose equipment. Diagnostic tools

include the following:

 A digital multimeter, , is a device that can take many types of

measurements. It tests the integrity of circuits and the quality of
electricity in computer components. A digital multimeter displays the
information on an LCD or LED.

 Analog multimeters uses a microammeter with a moving pointer

to display readings

Safety tips when handling Tools

 INSPECT YOUR TOOLS. Never issue or use a

damaged or defective hand or tools. Always make
sure they are in good working order before and after
each use.
 PICK THE RIGHT TOOL. Make sure you are using
the correct tool for the task at hand.
 WEAR YOUR PPE. Issue personal protective equipment to your
employees and make sure they wear them properly.
 DON’T ALTER YOUR TOOLS. Never remove guards or disable safety
devices.
 HANDLE WITH CARE. Tools are not toys. Never throw or toss a tool in
the direction of or directly to a co-worker
 UNPLUG AND DISCONNECT. Don’t leave Unit plugged in when not in
use.
 KEEP YOUR WORKSPACE CLEAN.A cluttered floor can lead to accidental
trips or falls which can be extremely dangerous when working with hand
and tools.
 GET TRAINED UP. Make sure you and your employees are thoroughly
trained on the proper use of hand tools.
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-3
<< Computer Hardware >>

Learning Objective: at the end of this lesson the student must be able to
 Define Computer Hardware
 Identify computer hardware

https://www.lifewire.com/computer-hardware-2625895
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supply_unit_(computer)
https://hardsoft-support.kayako.com/article/66-computer-cable-types-and-descriptions
http://www.pearsonitcertification.com/articles/article.aspx?p=2731934&seqNum=26
Computer Hardware
Computer hardware is a collective term used to describe any of
the physical components of an analog or digital computer. The
term hardware distinguishes the tangible aspects of a computing
device from software, which consists of written instructions that
tell physical components what to do

Computer hardware can be categorized as having either internal

or external components

Motherboard
The motherboard serves to connect all of the parts of a computer
together. The CPU, memory, hard drives, and other ports and
expansion cards all connect to the motherboard directly or via
cables. The motherboard is the piece of computer hardware that
can be thought of as the "backbone" of the PC, or more
appropriately as the "mother" that holds all the pieces together.

Types of Motherboards
Motherboards come in different sizes, known as form factors. The most common motherboard
form factor is ATX. The different types of ATX are known as micro-ATX (sometimes shown as
µATX, mini-ATX, FlexATX, EATX, WATX, nano-ATX, pico-ATX, and mobileATX). A smaller form
factor is ITX, which comes in mini-ITX, nano-ITX, and pico-ITX sizes. Some motherboards,
such as the NLX and LPX form factors, had a riser board that attached to the smaller
motherboard. Adapters go into the slots on the riser board instead of into motherboard slots.

Central Processing Unit

The central processing unit is the computer component
that's responsible for interpreting and executing most of
the commands from the computer's other hardware and
software.

Computer fan is any fan inside, or attached to, a

computer case used for active cooling. Fans are used to draw
cooler air into the case from the outside, expel warm air from
inside, and move air across a heat sink to cool a particular
component.

Hard Disk Drive

The hard disk drive is the main, and usually largest, data
storage hardware device in a computer. The operating
system, software titles, and most other files are stored in
the hard disk drive.

The hard drive is sometimes referred to as the "C drive" due

to the fact that Microsoft Windows, by default, designates
the "C" drive letter to the primary partition on the primary
hard drive in a computer.
Video Card
The video card is an expansion card that allows the
computer to send graphical information to a video display
device such as a monitor, TV, or projector.

Some other names for a video card include graphics card,

graphics adapter, display adapter, video adapter, video
controller, and add-in boards (AIBs)

The video card installs in an expansion slot on the

motherboard. While most video cards are of the PCIe format, video cards come in other formats
as well, including PCI and AGP. These additional formats are older standards and don't
communicate with the CPU and other components as quickly as PCIe.

Sound Card
A sound card is rectangular piece of hardware with
numerous contacts on the bottom of the card and multiple
ports on the side for connection to audio devices, such as
speakers.

Optical Disk Drive

Optical drives retrieve and/or store data on optical discs like
CDs, DVDs, and BDs (Blu-ray discs), any of which hold much
more information than previously available portable media
options like the floppy disk.

Random Access Memory

Random Access Memory, or RAM (pronounced as ramm), is
the physical hardware inside a computer that temporarily
stores data, serving as the computer's "working" memory.
Memory modules come in various capacities and variations.
Modern memory modules can be purchased in 256 MB, 512
MB, 1 GB, 2 GB, 4 GB, 8 GB, and 16+ GB sizes

Power Supply
A power supply unit (or PSU) converts mains AC to low-
voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a
computer. Modern personal computers universally use
switched-mode power supplies. Some power supplies have a
manual switch for selecting input voltage, while others
automatically adapt to the mains voltage.
Cables and Cord
With so many types of cables, it’s hard to find a singular source of information
that highlights the important differences between them all. Here’s an overview
of the most common computer cable types you’ll encounter when dealing with
computers.

 Serial ATA (SATA, abbreviated from Serial AT

Attachment)[2] is a computer bus interface that connects
host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard
disk drives, optical drives, and solid-state drives. Serial
ATA succeeded the earlier Parallel ATA (PATA) standard to
become the predominant interface for storage devices.

 Sata Cable Connector

Power connector has 15 pins and is slightly larger than the
SATA data connector. One main advantage the SATA power
connector provides over the 4 pin power connector is a pin
that provides 3.3 V of power. Certain SATA drives have specific power
requirements.

 IDE, an acronym for Integrated Drive Electronics, is a

standard type of connection for storage devices in a
computer. Generally, IDE refers to the types of cables and
ports used to connect some hard drives and optical drives to
each other and to the motherboard.

 Power cord. Alternatively referred to as a power cable,

mains cable or flex, a power cord is the primary cable that
provides power to the computer, printer, monitor, and
components within a computer.)
 INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-4
BIOS

Learning Objective: at the end of this lesson the student must be able to
 Define BIOS
 Configure BIOS.

BIOS
BIOS (/ˈbaɪɒs/ BY-oss; an acronym for Basic
Input/Output System and also known as the
System BIOS, ROM BIOS or PC BIOS) is non-
volatile firmware used to perform hardware
initialization during the booting process (power-
on startup), and to provide runtime services for
operating systems and programs.[1] The BIOS
firmware comes pre-installed on a personal computer's system board, and it is
the first software to run when powered on. The name originates from the Basic
Input/Output System used in the CP/M operating system in 1975.[2][3] The
BIOS originally proprietary to the IBM PC has been reverse engineered by
companies looking to create compatible systems. The interface of that original
system serves as a de facto standard.
The BIOS in modern PCs initializes and tests the system
hardware components, and loads a boot loader from a mass
memory device which then initializes an operating system. In
the era of DOS, the BIOS provided a hardware abstraction
layer for the keyboard, display, and other input/output (I/O) devices that
standardized an interface to application programs and the operating system.
More recent operating systems do not use the BIOS after loading, instead
accessing the hardware components directly.
History
The term BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) was created by Gary Kildall[5][6]
and first appeared in the CP/M operating system in 1975,[2][3][7][8][9][6]
describing the machine-specific part of CP/M loaded during boot time that
interfaces directly with the hardware.[3] (A CP/M machine usually has only a
simple boot loader in its ROM.)
Versions of MS-DOS, PC DOS or DR-DOS contain a file called variously
"IO.SYS", "IBMBIO.COM", "IBMBIO.SYS", or "DRBIOS.SYS"; this file is known
as the "DOS BIOS" (also known as the "DOS I/O System") and contains the
lower-level hardware-specific part of the operating system. Together with the
underlying hardware-specific but operating system-independent "System
BIOS", which resides in ROM, it represents the analogue to the "CP/M BIOS".
With the introduction of PS/2 machines, IBM divided the System BIOS into
real- and protected-mode portions. The real-mode portion was meant to provide
backward compatibility with existing operating systems such as DOS, and
therefore was named "CBIOS" (for "Compatibility BIOS"), whereas the "ABIOS"
(for "Advanced BIOS") provided new interfaces specifically suited for
multitasking operating systems such as OS/2.
Operation
Early Intel processors started at physical address 000FFFF0h. Systems with
later processors provide logic to start running the BIOS from the system
ROM. [11]
If the system has just been powered up or the reset button was pressed ("cold
boot"), the full power-on self-test (POST) is run. If Ctrl+Alt+Delete was pressed
("warm boot"), a special flag value stored in nonvolatile BIOS memory ("CMOS")
tested by the BIOS allows bypass of the lengthy POST and memory detection.

Boot process
After the option ROM scan is completed and all detected ROM modules with
valid checksums have been called, or immediately after POST in a BIOS version
that does not scan for option ROMs, the BIOS calls INT 19h to start boot
processing. Post-boot, programs loaded can also
call INT 19h to reboot the system, but they must be careful to disable
interrupts and other asynchronous hardware processes that may interfere with
the BIOS rebooting process, or else the system may hang or crash while it is
rebooting
Boot priority
The user can select the boot priority implemented by the BIOS. For example,
most computers have a hard disk that is bootable, but usually there is a
removable-media drive that has higher boot priority, so the user can cause a
removable disk to be booted.
In most modern BIOSes, the boot priority order can be configured by the user.
In older BIOSes, limited boot priority options are selectable; in the earliest
BIOSes, a fixed priority scheme was implemented, with floppy disk drives first,
fixed disks (i.e. hard disks) second, and typically no other boot devices
supported, subject to modification of these rules by installed option ROMs. The
BIOS in an early PC also usually would only boot from the first floppy disk
drive or the first hard disk drive, even if there were two drives installed.

Configuration Setup utility

A modern BIOS setup utility has a menu-based user interface (UI) accessed by
pressing a certain key on the keyboard when the PC starts like Del f2 f10 f11
and esc. Usually the key is advertised for short time during the early start up,
for example "Press F1 to enter CMOS setup". The actual key depends on
specific hardware. Features present in the BIOS setup utility typically include:

 Configuring the hardware components, including setting their various

operating modes and frequencies (for example, selecting how the storage
controllers are visible to the operating system, or overclocking the CPU)
 Setting the system clock
 Enabling or disabling system components
 Selecting which devices are potential boot devices, and in which order
booting from them will be attempted
 Setting various passwords, such as a password for securing access to the
BIOS user interface functions itself and preventing malicious users from
booting the system from unauthorized portable storage devices, a
password for booting the system, or a hard disk drive password that
limits access to it and stays assigned even if the hard disk drive is moved
to another computer