MODULE 1 – PLAN & PREPARE FOR TASK TO BE UNDERTAKEN

Computer System Servicing - is a course that provides knowledge and guides students in enabling them to be
equipped and acquire competencies as well as skills in the use of computer components and services.

PROPER TOOL SELECTION

Tool - is an instrument used in the performance of work. It also applied broadly to a device that facilitates work.

1. Preparing for the task to be undertaken includes proper tool selection.

2. Training is a must in handling tools.

3. Follow the manufacturer's instructions.

HARDWARE TOOLS - necessary for repairing and troubleshooting computer peripherals and/or other types of
equipment.

 Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools – ESD happen when two electrical charged objects generated by contact.
o Anti-static wrist stap – used to prevent the accumulation of static electricity close to sensitive
electronics or other equipment and devices.
o Anti-static mat - reduces static electricity from a component while transferring it safely to the
grounding point.
 Hand tools – implements used in manual operations and useful for daily tasks depending on their functions.
o Flat head screwdriver – used to loosen or tighter slotted head screws (-)
o Philip head screwdriver – used loosen or tighter for crosshead screws (x)
o Torx screwdriver – used to loosen or tighter star-like -head screw.
o Hex driver – used to loosen or tighter bolts that have hexagonal head.
o Needle-nose pliers - used to hold small parts also for grasping and bending thin wires.
o Wire cutter - – used to strip and cut wires and look like nipper with sharp edge or blades for cutting.
o Tweezer - used to manipulate small parts and usually held between the thumbs and index fingers.
o Part retriever – used to get small parts on unreachable locations or narrow places.
o Flashlight – lighten location or areas where you cannot see.
 Cleaning tools – Maintaining and cleaning components need appropriate cleaning tools to avoid damaging
some parts.
o Lint-free cloth - an especial type of cloth used in cleaning dirt on computer equipment without
getting ESD.
o Compressed air – used to remove dust and debris on the equipment without touching the
equipment.
o Cable ties – is used to organize cables to avoid getting tangled.
o Parts organizer – used to hold small parts and prevents them from getting mixed together and to
organize screws or fastener.
 Diagnostic tools - used to identify the electronic or electrical problems of computers.
o Multimeter – indispensable tool used for testing, diagnosing, and troubleshooting circuits,
components, and devices.
o Loopback Adapter – used to test ports like parallel USB and network ports to identify network and
network interface card issues.

MODULE 2 – PREPARE HAND TOOLS

Proper Use of ESD Tools – To prevent static electricity to our equipment, we need to use anti-static wrist strap and
anti-static mat.

Proper Use of Hand Tools - Use screwdriver that matched with the appropriate screw.

Proper Use of Cleaning Materials - Maintaining the cleanliness of these computers inside and out is a vital part to
keep having a longer life span.
  Used to compressed air to clean the inner part of her system unit to remove the dust.
 Clean the computer cases with mild cleaning solution on a damp, lint-free cloth along with mix drop of
dishwashing liquid and ounces of water to create cleaning solution.
 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) must not be cleaned with ammoniated materials or any other solutions. The
cleaning must be gentle by not pressing firmly.
 CRT (Cathode-ray Tube) – dampen a soft clean cloth (microfiber) with distilled water and wipe on-screen in
gentle circular motions to remove dirt area.
 Computer Contacts – refer to small parts inside computer hardware.
 To clean the keyboard, use a handheld vacuum cleaner.
 Mouse can be clean with a glass cleaner using a lint-free cloth.

MODULE 3 – USE & MAINTAIN APPROPRIATE HAND TOOLS & TEST EQUIPMENT

Preventive maintenance - is one type of facilitating a working place to improve working productivity and increase the
safety of tools and equipment at your place.

Advantages of a maintenance program are:

1. Improve efficiency 3. Less equipment downtime and;

2. Fewer interruption on work 4. Increase workplace safety.

Construction equipment - The maintenance requirements range from conditions of tools up to the safety of the
workplace.

Electronics equipment - has different maintenance and requires checking of devices before work.

Hand tools - require basic maintenance like cleaning, placing in the proper location, labelling, and improving the
physical condition of the tools.

Power tools - should be position in a working area where equipment is safe from risks such as water and electricity.

Damaged or defective equipment - mark, label and remove from working area.

PROPER STORAGE OF TOOLS, PARTS, & EQUIPMENT

1. Storing and labelling small parts and tools.

2. Some tools are put into the board and arranged according to size with labels on it.
3. The board with drawing of tools is necessary to identify the easily the right type of tool that matches the
drawing when returned.
4. Every individual who uses tools and equipment is responsible for maintaining it in good condition.
5. Screws and bits can be lost easily, that’s why you need an organizer for small materials with a label.

MODULE 4 – PLAN & PREPARE FOR TASK TO BE UNDERTAKEN & INPUT DATA INTO COMPUTER

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) - is a management and planned system focused on hazard prevention and risk
monitoring at work.

ThinkSafe:

1. Spot the hazard – identifying the possible to happen.

2. Assess the risk – making ways to prevent the possible hazard.
3. Make the changes – workplace may change according to staff’s working demands.

UNDERSTANDING COMPONENT OF A COMPUTER

Hardware, software, and peopleware play an important role that makes the system works without its system, and
processing will not work.

Hardware - refers to the physical components that make up a device or electronic machine, and everything else that
is physically visible.
  System Unit - Known as chassis, a box-like case that contains the computer's electronic components such as
motherboard, power supply, connector, various drives, and fan.
 Motherboard – the computer's main backbone of communication, in which all components and external
peripherals connect to run the system.
 CPU - known as the computer’s brain and managed all instructions and programs running on the computer.
 Power supply unit – converts main AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of a
computer.
 Hard Disk Drives (HDD) - serves as a secondary device that permanently stores data, even if the computer is
turned off.
 Optical Drives, Expansion bus, Primary Storage

Input devices - are hardware devices that provide interaction and control data to the computer.

 Keyboard, mouse, touch screen, digitizer tablet, barcode scanner, light pen, scanner

Output devices - are hardware computer equipment that generates data from the device and converts it to human-
readable data such as text, audio, visual format, and hard copies.

 Monitor, printer, speaker, projector.

Software – a specific program refers to a set of instructions that allow the user to communicate with a device or
perform the task.

TYPES OF SOFTWARE

SYSTEM SOFTWARE

 Operating software - supports the execution of application programs and enables it to communicate and
operate with computer hardware. Ex: Android, iOS, Linux, macOS, and Windows

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

 Word processing software - It allows you to create documents, reports, letters, and resumes. Ex: Microsoft
Word
 Spreadsheet software – It is made of columns and rows that sort, arrange, and calculate numerical data.
Example: Microsoft Excel
 Graphic software – This program allows you to edit, create, or manipulate images. Ex: Adobe Photoshop,
Illustrator, Corel Draw, AutoCAD
 Communication Software – It allows the exchange of communication between two computing devices thru
video or voice calls. Ex: Skype, Messenger, Zoom, Google Meet
 E-mail Software – This software allows exchanging information like text, files, or other attachments over
telecommunication. Ex: Microsoft Outlook
 Internet Browser – A software program used to search for information and explore the content of the World
Wide Web. Ex: Firefox, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer
 Presentation Software – This creates slideshows or making a video presentation. Ex: PowerPoint, Adobe
After Effects

MODULE 5 = ACCESSING INFORMATION USING COMPUTER AND PRODUCE OUTPUT OR DATA USING COMPUTER
SYSTEM

Icons or Desktop icons - are known as shortcuts represented by pictures or images located on the desktop that
represent the different files and programs connected to the computer.

 Programs icon - These are symbols, when clicked, is used to open specific program (ex: Microsoft word,
excel, PowerPoint, zoom, google chrome, VLC media player
 Drives & System Icon – These are icons for opening programs that are related to the operating system
(windows 10).
 Recycle Bin (Dropbox) - a temporary storage area for deleted files.
  File & Folders – file is an object that stores data, details, settings, or commands used with a computer
program on a machine.
 Directories - represent file cabinets and they can hold files and subdirectories.

MANAGING YOUR DESKTOP

5S is an organizing concept that helps to maintain your computer files away from clutter.

 Seiri – sorting or putting things in order; ex: Every file was stored on their designated folder.
 Seiton – orderliness or proper arrangement; ex. Files were named alphabetically or by numbers to avoid
confusion on finding files.
 Seiso – cleanliness, ex: unwanted files were deleted, and the important one was placed on a single folder to
avoid the clutter of files on the screen.
 Seiketsu – standardize, ex: Maintaining the desktop was done every end of the day.
 Shitsuke – Sustaining or Discipline or commitment, ex: In maintaining the stability of the computer system
one must learn how to take care of their computer thru training.

MODULE 6: USING BASIC FUNCTIONS OF A WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) – BROWSER TO LOCATE INFORMATION
AND MAINTAIN COMPUTER EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS

Browser - is a program used to access the internet. Ex: Chrome, Opera, Safari, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge

Internet – is a vast network and a powerful source of information for computer users.

WEB BROWSER FEATURES & FUNCTION

 Back and forward buttons to return either to the previous option or forward.
 Refresh or reload button to make the current webpage or resource reload.
 Stop button is usually merged with the reload button which function is to cancel the loading website.
 Home button to returning to the user’s home page.
 Address Bar is to encode the Uniform Resource Identifier (URL) to display the desired webpage.
 Search bar is to encode what you want to look on the search engine. Usually, it is merged with the address
bar.
 Settings Icon is to change the current setup of the web browser. This Includes deleting search history as well
as changing the default search engine.
 Bookmark is to save the searched website for future use.
 Tab Icon is to identify the different websites opened inside the web browser.
 Maximize button - is to make the screen full.
 Minimize button - is to hide the browser.
 Exit button - is to eliminate or remove/close the web browser.

RECOMMENDED WAYS ON USING INTERNET

 Select the most compatible web browser for your computer.

 Use tab but not excessively.
 Install antivirus that protects websites against the threat.
 Secure personal information – avoid using birthday as a password on her social media accounts.
 Clear cookies and history - to avoid the slow response of the web browser & to avoid personal information
to be hacked.

IMPLEMENTING FILE MAINTENANCE

 Defragment functions as to rewriting files and stores them in adjacent sectors.

 Recover & Data Back-up – a file management procedure will you do to maintain, update, and not overload
the files on the computer.
 File Organization is a logical structuring of records according to the way how files should be categorized.

MODULE 7 – UNDERSTANDING COMPUTER MEMORY

Computer memory is a common term for all the various forms of data storage technology, a device that can use
including RAM, ROM, and flash memory.

PRIMARY MEMORY

 RAM (Random Access Memory) - is a volatile type of memory where it forgets everything when computer
switched off.
 ROM (Read Only Memory) - is a non-volatile type of memory that stays even if computer is switched off.

SECONDARY MEMORY

 Solid State Storage - composed of silicon microchips where it can be written to and overwritten like RAM; ex.
Solid state drive (SSD), USB Flash drive, multi-media card, secure digital (SD) card.
 Optical Storage - It uses a laser to read and write data. The surface of the disk is divided into tracks; the flat
areas of the disks are called lands, and the hollows are called pits. Ex: CD, DVD, Blue-ray disc
 Magnetic storage – also known as hard disk drive (HDD) which record data & information thru positive and
negative magnetic polarity, and it is made of metal oxide material. Ex: hard disk, floppy disk, zip disk

DRIVE INTERFACE - is a physical device, port, or connection that allows hardware devices to interact with one
another and it has a high electric voltage.

 Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE), also known as Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) – has 40 pin
connectors.
 Serial ATA (SATA) – has 7 pin connector and commonly used for hard disk drive.
 Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) – has 40 to 80 pin connectors.

MODULE 8 – DATA REPRESENTATION IN A COMPUTER

Bit - the smallest unit of data on a computer.

CONVERTING BINARY UNITS

 To convert binary from smaller to larger unit requires division.

Bits to bytes = divisor is 8 (Ex. 350 bits/8 = 43.75 B)
Bytes to kilobytes = divisor is 1024 (Ex. 2, 344, 587/1024 = 2,890 KB)
Kilobyte to megabyte = divisor is 1024 (Ex. 2, 890 / 1024 = 2.236 MB)
 To convert binary from larger to smaller unit requires multiplication.
Terabytes to Gigabytes
Megabytes to Kilobytes the multiplier is 1024
Kilobytes to bytes

NUMBER SYSTEM - is one technique or set of symbols to represent number in computer system.

 Binary number system - represented by 0 and 1. For this system the base is 2.
 Octal number system - has 8 digits from 0 to 7 and the base is 8.
 Decimal number system - has 10 digits from 0 – 9 with a base of 10.
 Hexadecimal Number System – this number system is composed of 16 alphanumeric values from 0 to 9 and
A to F. (A Is 10, B is 11, C is 12, D is 13, E is 14 and F is 15)

CONVERTING DECIMAL TO BINARY - divide the decimal number continuously by 2 and read the remainder from
bottom-up.

MODULE 9 – PROPER HANDLING OF MEASURING INSTRUMENT

  LCR meters – a measuring instruments that can calculate inductance, capacitance, and power of electronic
components.
 Multimeter - assess three basic electrical characteristics: voltage, current, and resistance, and are used
primarily for batteries and power supplies.
 Oscilloscope – an instrument can detect the changing voltage signals continuously and convert them into
waves to extract information.

STEPS IN SAFE HANDLING METHODS FOR MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

 Before and after the measuring equipment has been used it is necessary to clean it in a proper way.
 Electronic testing material must replace batteries if needed for accurate output.
 Regularly calibrate the testing device to update and align with international standards.
 To observe a better visual control, it is necessary to provide a designated area for all measuring equipment.
 Instructions and guidelines are important to follow to avoid mistakes in using equipment.
 Every measuring device has its own way of checking.
 Use only the right measuring equipment based on its manufacturing instruction.
 To avoid problems using the wrong device, segregate and dispose defective measuring instruments.
 If a problem occurs on measuring equipment, contact the manufacturer or repair center to report the
situation and fix the instrument.
 Implement 5s in the working area.
 Check the condition of measuring equipment to have reliable and accurate results to avoid further problems
as well as accidents.

PROPER CARE FOR MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

 Lubricate instruments appropriately to prevent corrosion - Corrosion and oxidation will damage measuring
instrument if not properly lubricate.
 Store instruments in an appropriate environment - Location must be secured from damaging conditions.
 Know how to properly handle instrument during use - Protect the measuring instrument from harm or
applying it by using false information and instruction.

MODULE 10 – DIFFERENT KINDS OF TECHNICAL DRAWING INSTRUMENT

One of the best ways to communicate one's ideas is through some form of picture or drawing. A Diagram in
an electronics and electrical circuit is very useful. It served as the reference to design and troubleshoot electrical
components.

 Block Diagram - is usually used for presenting internal components of an integrated circuit.
 Pictorial diagram - shows the actual pictures of the parts and wiring connection of components or devices.
 Schematic diagram - shows the connection of the components or devices using both lines and electrical
symbols.
 Wiring diagram - show a simple wiring connection between the components or devices in a proper way.

Drawing instruments - used in making precise drawings or diagrams. It can produce accurate, good, and presentable
drawings.

 Drawing pencil - used basically for writing and drawing.

 Eraser - used to erase unnecessary marks, correct wrong drawings, and make your drawing clean and neat.
 Protractor – used to measure angles from 0 to 180 degrees or 360 degrees.
 Compass – used to draw a perfect arcs and circles.
 Set squares – set of triangles that are used to draw lines at 30°, 60°, and 45°.
 Drawing board - traditionally made of wood or timber that has a metal frame to form a desk for making
drawings or designs.
 T-square – used to draw vertical and inclined lines at 30° to 60°.
 Drawing machine or drafter - used to combine the function of T-square, protractor, and set squares.
 Drawing pins & clips – used to fix the drawing sheet on the drawing board.
  Electronic template - it has electronic symbols and electrical design that allows you to trace using a drawing
pencil.

MODULE 11 – ELECTRICAL /ELECTRONIC SYMBOLS

Electrical symbols or electronic circui’ diagrams are the simplest representation of components and devices.

 Resistor - Resistor an electrical component or device that reduces the voltage and limit the flow of current in
a circuit.
 Fixed resistor – an electronic component that does not change the resistance while it has changed in voltage
and temperature.
 Variable resistor - an electronic component the put in an electronic circuit for adjusting the circuit resistance,
in controlling the voltage or current in the circuit just rotate or slide the resistor, depends on how the
manufacturer designed a variable resistor.
 Capacitor - is an electronic component made up of metal plates and it can store electric charge even though
the voltage source is already disconnected.

RULES FOR DRAWING SYMBOLS

 Reference designations

Component Designation Letter(s)

s
Capacitor C
Diode D
Resistor R
Switch S or SW
Transformer T
Transistor Q or TR
 Layout
 Line thickness.

MODULE 12: STORE TECHNICAL DRAWING & EQUIPMENT/INSTRUMENTS

5S provides the foundation for all quality improvement programs and it is not only a matter of good housekeeping. It
is a process that makes people more productive and companies through education and the practice of 5S.

 Seiri – sorting or putting things in order; ex: Discard what is not needed so that there are fewer hazards and
less clutter to interfere with work. Keep only what is needed.
 Seiton – orderliness or proper arrangement; ex Place things in such a way that they can be easily reached
whenever they are needed. The tools are arranged properly so that tools can easily locate.
 Seiso – cleanliness, ex: Keep materials, tools, and instruments free from dirt always.
 Seiketsu – standardize, ex: maintain cleanliness after cleaning, consistently-perpetual cleaning.).
 Shitsuke – Sustaining or Discipline or commitment, ex: Maintain standards and keep the workplace in safe
 and efficient order day after day, or even year after year.

Tips to properly store and maintain the good quality of the tools.

1. Drawing Board

 When fastening drawing on the drawing board use clip or tape

 Do not use a blade or knife to cut something on the surface of your drawing board.
 Always cover the surface with cardboard or thick paper.
 The drawing board must keep in a safe place when not in use.
2. T-square

 Don’t damage the edge of the T-square.

 Dents will make it unusable.
 Always clean the T-square before use.
 Don’t substitute the hammer with a T-square.

3. Set squares

 Always clean your set square before use.

 Store set squares in a safe place, avoid bending it, it may break.
 Don’t scratch or mark the set square.

4. Pencil

 Keep the pencil sharp always and store it properly after use.
 While sharpening the pencil, stay away from other drawing tools.

5. Dividers and compasses

 Always take care of the needlepoint of the compass

 Do not the joints of the legs of the dividers.
 Do not use compass and divider as a substitute in fastening draw in the drawing board.

6. Eraser -Cleaning eraser, used cotton cloth and rub it or washing them with soap water, and don’t forget to dry
them before using.

REMEMBER: It is important to clean the tools after being used because it prolongs the shelf life of the tools.

MODULE 13: PLAN & PREPARE TERMINATION/CONNECTION OF ELECTRICAL WIRING/ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT

The following are common electrical/electronic tools and equipment needed in the installation of electrical
wiring/electronic circuit.

1. Screwdrivers

 Standard/Flat screwdriver
 Phillips screwdriver
 Jeweler’s screwdriver

2. Soldering Tools

 Soldering iron
 Soldering tool stand
 Desoldering tool/pump

3. Pliers

 Longnose plier
 Side cutting plier.
 Combination plier

4. Wire Stripper- use to cut and remove the insulator without cutting the wire.

5. Portable Electric Drill

6. Hacksaw

7. Multimeter - also known as a multi-tester and voltmeter. This is used to measure current (amperage), resistance,
and electrical voltage, and other values. This is used by an electrician to troubleshoot electric components, circuits,
and wiring systems.
8. Batteries

9. Fuse – an electronic component that protects the electrical circuit from the excessive flow of current.

10. Wire and cable.

MODULE 14: TERMINATION/ CONNECTION OF ELECTRICAL WIRING/ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS

An electrical circuit is a complete pathway or line through where an electrical current passes.

 Conductors are usually the wire where the electric current flows. The best example is copper wire.
 Switch is one of the parts of an electric circuit that opens and closes the flow of current.
 Load is the one that consumes the electric current in a circuit. An example of this is a bulb.
 Cell gives electric current to a circuit.

MAKING SOLDERED JOINTS - A material-closed joint is an example of soldered joints (bonds) of two solderable
metals. There are different forms of soldered joints:

 Single or Parallel joints – wire to wire joints.

 Parallel &Cross joints - are mechanically connected by the solder only and, therefore, can be more easily
detached.
 Hook joints & Twisted joints – are mechanically stronger and more difficult to detach joints.
 Components & printed circuit board
 Wire & Solder joints

CORRECT SOLDER JOINT FEATURES:

 a consistent, bright surface,

 perfect bond between the solder and the parts connected,
 no holes or inclusions in the surface,
 a mechanically strong connection.

MODULE 15: TEST TERMINATION/CONNECTION OF ELECTRICAL WIRING/ ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS TROUBLESHOOTING

 Troubleshooting is an approach used by the technician to assess or test their work or the entire circuit for
malfunction.
 Continuity is the presence of an entire path for current flow.

HOW TO USE MULTI-TESTER

The multitester/multimeter is a measuring instrument used to determine the resistance, voltage, and current. The
following are the parts of Multi-tester:

 Pointer - it indicates the measured values on the multimeter.

 Range selector knob is used to select different functions and range of multi tester, whether it is a voltmeter, and
ohmmeter.
 Adjustment screw is used to adjust the pointer to zero for an accurate reading.
 Range Multiplier- The portion of the ohmmeter where the actual reading is being multiplied.
 Scale -is a series of numbers where you can read the voltage and resistance of a component or devices.
 Zero- ohm adjusting knob is used to set the pointer to zero before measuring the resistance for accurate.
 Test probe - positive (red) negative (black) is used to connect the circuit to the electrical components being
tested or to read the voltage and ohms of components.

MODULE 16 – CRITERIA FOR TESTING ELECTRONICS COMPONENTS

Passive electronic components are those that receive, absorb, and store energy through its electrical field or
magnetic field that have no ability to control electric current. Examples are:

 resistor
 inductors
  capacitors - two-terminal electrical component that stores electrical energy in an electric field.
 transformers - transmits electrical energy between two or more circuits through the process of
electromagnetic induction.

Active electronic components are those supply energies in the circuit. It includes Voltage sources, Current sources,
Alternators and DC generators, transistor, diode.

TESTING METHOD & STRATEGY MAY BE DETERMINED BY:

1. Passive testing - by measuring the capacity to receive and store the energy coming from the active electronic
components.
2. Dynamic testing - It involves static, dynamic, and fatigue testing in tensile, compression, shear test modes.
3. In-circuit testing- focus on testing the efficiency of the printed circuit board by measuring each component
that is in place and of the correct value.

TESTING CRITERIA MAY INCLUDE:

1. Controls- evaluate the ability to manage and facilitate the system within the electronic components.
2. Effectiveness - assess the capacity of electronic components to produce the desired output.
3. Efficiency- check the ability of electronic components to function at the best possible way without wasting
time and effort.
4. Bug detection- the ability to detect and assess the errors in the system.
5. Functionality- check the ability or range of operations of the electronic components that be run in the
system.
6. Interoperability- assess the ability of the electronic components to exchange information or can access data
without any restriction.
7. Performance- evaluate the ability of the part to meet the functional, mechanical, and electrical performance
requirements.
8. Reliability- the ability of an electronic part to meet the required performance specifications in its life cycle
application environment for a specified period of time.
9. Operating parameters- evaluate the performance and operating specifications of electronic components
within the set standard.

MODULE 17 – ELECTRONIC TEST EQUIPMENT

1. Voltmeter – used to measure voltage.

 Analog voltmeter
 Digital voltmeter

2. Ohmmeter – used to measure resistance.

3. Ammeter – used to measure the electric current.

4. Multimeter - used to measure the three important basic electrical features: voltage, current, resistance.

 Analog Multimeter
 Digital Multimeter
 Fluke Multimeter

THE FOLLOWING EQUIPMENT USED IN TESTING STIMULUS SIGNALS OF THE CIRCUIT UNDER TEST:

 Power supplies - is an electronic device that provides electric energy to an electric load.
 Signal generator - an electronic device used for producing electronic signals either in the analog or digital
fields.
 Pulse generator - is used to produce electrical pulses in different shapes.
 Digital pattern generator - is an electronic testing equipment or software used to create digital electronics
stimuli at logical level.
THE FOLLOWING EQUIPMENT USED TO ANALYZE THE RESPONSE OF THE CIRCUIT UNDER TEST:

 Oscilloscope – it monitors the changes of an electrical signal.

 Frequency counter - is an electrical test equipment used for quantifying the frequency of repetitive signals
and elapsed time between events.

LCR Meter - is used to calculate the inductance, capacitance, and resistance of electronics components.

MODULE 18 - EVALUATE THE TESTING PROCESS

Writing Technical a Support

 helps in identifying electronic components.

 helps in understanding the faults or conflicting electronic components inside the device.
 It helps the technician evaluate the problems of the electronic components.