MODERN SCIENCE

1800-TODAY

AFTER INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Science advanced dramatically during the 20th

century.There were radical and new
developments in the physical and humanist
sciences built on the progress of the 19th
century.
 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Important technological developments

Textile Machine tools Gas lighting

manufacture
Agriculture
Chemicals

Iron industry Transpotation

Glasss making Mining

Steam power
Gaper machine
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Social Effects
Factory systems

Effect on environment Standard of living

Labour conditions Literacy and industrialisation

Nations and nationalism Clothing and consumer goods

Mining Population increase

Effect on women and family life Urbanization

IN 1984, CHARLES HULL WAS WORKING FOR A COMPANY THAT MADE HARD
COATINGS FOR FURNITURE SURFACES FROM SYNTHETIC RESINS USING UV
RAYS. THE MONTHS OF PROTOTYPING NEW PRODUCT DESIGNS PUSHED HIM
TO FIND A FASTER PROTOTYPING METHOD, AND HE DEVELOPED A NEW
AUTOMATED SYSTEM BASED ON THE LAYER-BY-LAYER CURING OF LIQUID
PHOTOPOLYMER RESINS WITH UV RAYS. THIS PRODUCTION METHOD WAS
THE WORKING PRINCIPLE OF SLA TECHNOLOGY, WHICH IS ONE OF THE
TECHNOLOGIES WIDELY USED IN THE 3D PRINTING INDUSTRY TODAY. HULL
PATENTED THESE TECHNOLOGIES IN 1986 AND FOUNDED 3D SYSTEMS, NOW
ONE OF THE LARGEST COMPANIES IN THE INDUSTRY, TO COMMERCIALIZE
HIS INVENTION IN 1988.

HOCALAR İMAM HATİP SECONDARY SCHOOL-

İbrahim Gül
ADD A LITTLE BIT OF BODY TEXTAZIZ SANCAR WAS AWARDED THE NOBEL PRIZE
FOR HIS WORK EXPLAINING HOW CELLS USE ENZYMES TO REPAIR DNA
DAMAGED BY ULTRAVIOLET RAYS AND OTHER CARCINOGENS. SANCAR HAS
ACHIEVED GREAT SUCCESS BY PURIFYING THE ENZYMES INVOLVED IN DNA
REPAIR. THIS METHOD, WHICH HE CALLS MAXICELL, IS STILL USED BY MANY
RESEARCHERS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF MANY PROTEINS.

UNDERSTANDING DNA REPAIR MECHANICS IS OF GREAT IMPORTANCE FOR

HUMAN HEALTH. PEOPLE WITH PROBLEMS WITH THEIR REPAIR SYSTEMS ARE AT
A SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER RISK OF DEVELOPING CANCER BECAUSE MUTATIONS
THAT DAMAGE THEIR DNA CANNOT BE CORRECTED. HOWEVER, CANCER CELLS
CONTINUE TO SURVIVE, ALBEIT DAMAGED, USING THE ENZYMES THEY PATCH TO
DNA, AND THUS TREATMENTS TARGETING DNA REPAIR PATHWAYS IN TUMOR
CELLS ARE NOW IN FOCUS.

HOCALAR İMAM HATİP SECONDARY SCHOOL-

İbrahim Gül
MUALLA ERSEZGIN SECONDARY SCHOOL
Arda Özcan, Sahra Özcan, Eda E. Özcan, Ceren Naime Özcan, Sude Özcan, Emira Özcan,

The Industrial Revolution, the period in which agrarian and handicraft

economies shifted rapidly to industrial and machine-manufacturing-
dominated ones, began in the United Kingdom in the 18th century
and later spread throughout many other parts of the world. This
economic transformation changed not only how work was done and
goods were produced, but it also altered how people related both to
one another and to the planet at large.
MUALLA ERSEZGIN SECONDARY SCHOOL
Arda Özcan, Sahra Özcan, Eda E.
Özcan, Ceren Naime Özcan, Sude
Özcan, Emira Özcan,

Close observation and careful generalization that led to practical use

were characteristic of both industrialists and experimenters in the 18th
century. One point of direct contact is known: that is, James Watt's
interest in the efficiency of the steam engine of Newcomen grew from
his work as a scientific-instrument maker, and an interest that led to his
development of the separate condenser that made the steam engine an
effective source of industrial power.
LICEUL TEHNOLOGIC NR 1 BALȘ
Rayssa, Alexandra,Gabriela, Narcisa

The big-bang theory was first proposed

by Georges Lemaître in 1927 sans its
contemporary name, which was coined
in the 1950s. The common name has
allowed for the beginnings of our
universe to be too often depicted as a
massive explosion similar to that of an
epic supernova. But was our universe
really formed in a cosmic fireworks
show? Or was something else at work?
MUALLA ERSEZGIN SECONDARY SCHOOL
Arda Özcan, Sahra Özcan, Eda E. Özcan, Ceren Naime Özcan, Sude Özcan, Emira Özcan,

An electronic calculator is typically a portable electronic

device used to perform calculations, ranging from basic
arithmetic to complex mathematics.

The first solid-state electronic calculator was created in

the early 1960s. Pocket-sized devices became available
in the 1970s, especially after the Intel 4004, the first
microprocessor, was developed by Intel for the
Japanese calculator company Busicom. They later
became used commonly within the petroleum industry
(oil and gas).
MUALLA ERSEZGIN SECONDARY SCHOOL
Arda Özcan, Sahra Özcan, Eda E. Özcan, Ceren Naime Özcan, Sude Özcan, Emira Özcan,

Light bulbs with a carbon filament were first

demonstrated by Edison in October 1879.[Carbon
filament bulbs, the first electric light bulbs, became
available commercially in 1879. In 1904 a tungsten
filament was invented by Austro-Hungarians
Alexander Just and Franjo Hanaman, and was more
efficient and longer-lasting than the carbonized
bamboo filament used previously.The introduction
of a neutral gas to the glass envelope (or bulb) also
helped to improve lifespan and brightness of the
bulb. To produce enough light, these lamps required
the use of extremely long filaments, and remained
so until the development of more efficiently wound
tungsten filaments.
 Mualla Ersezgin Secondary School

Watson Crick Einstein

Francis Harry Compton Crick, İngiliz
moleküler biyolog, fizikçi ve Albert Einstein, Almanya doğumlu
nörobilimci. 1953'te James D. Watson ve Yahudi teorik fizikçidir. Fizik ve
Maurice Wilkins ile beraber DNA matematik alanında yaptığı
molekülünün yapısını keşfederek 1962 çalışmalar sayesinde 1921 yılında
Nobel Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülü'nü Nobel Fizik Ödülü'nü kazandı.
paylaşmıştır.
Ecrin, Miray,Zeren,Ayşe, Ada
MUALLA ERSEZGIN SECONDARY SCHOOL
Arda Özcan, Sahra Özcan, Eda E. Özcan, Ceren Naime Özcan, Sude Özcan, Emira Özcan,

Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta ,

Italian; 18 February 1745 – 5 March 1827) was an
Italian physicist, chemist, and pioneer of
electricity and power who is credited as the
inventor of the electric battery and the
discoverer of methane. He invented the voltaic
pile in 1799, and reported the results of his
experiments in 1800 in a two-part letter to the
President of the Royal Society.With this
invention Volta proved that electricity could be
generated chemically and debunked the
prevalent theory that electricity was generated
solely by living beings.
 LICEUL TEHNOLOGIC NR 1 BALȘ
Rayssa, Alexandra,Gabriela, Narcisa

THE TELEPHONE

It was at this time, 1876–1877, that a

new invention called the telephone
emerged. It is not easy to determine
who the inventor was. Both Alexander
Graham Bell and Elisha Gray submitted
independent patent applications
concerning telephones to the patent
office in Washington on February 14,
1876.
LICEUL TEHNOLOGIC NR 1 BALȘ
Rayssa, Alexandra,Gabriela, Narcisa

Charles Babbage, an English

mechanical engineer and
polymath, originated the concept
of a programmable computer.
Considered the "father of the
computer,he conceptualized and
invented the first mechanical
computer in the early 19th century.
LICEUL TEHNOLOGIC NR 1 BALȘ
Rayssa, Alexandra,Gabriela, Narcisa

THE INTERNET
What most of us think of as the Internet is really
just the pretty face of the operation—browser
windows, websites, URLs, and search bars. But the
real Internet, the brain behind the information
superhighway, is an intricate set of protocols and
rules that someone had to develop before we
could get to the World Wide Web. Computer
scientists Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn are credited
with inventing the Internet communication
protocols we use today and the system referred
to as the Internet.
Mualla Ersezgin Secondary School

Michael Faraday, İngiliz kimya ve fizik bilgini. Elektromanyetik

indüklemeyi, manyetik alanın ışığın kutuplanma düzlemini
döndürdüğünü buldu. Elektrolizin temel ilkelerini belirledi. Klor
gazını sıvılaştırmayı başaran ilk kişidir ve elektrik motorunu icat
etmiştir

Marie Skłodowska Curie, radyoaktivite alanında öncü araştırmalar yapmış

ve bu araştırmaları sonucu Nobel Ödülü'ne layık görülmüş Leh-Fransız
fizikçi ve kimyager. Uranyumla yaptığı deneyler sonucu radyoaktiviteyi
keşfetti. Toryumun radyoaktif özelliğini buldu ve radyum elementini
ayrıştırdı.

Ecrin,Miray,Zeren,Ayşe,Ada
INDUSTRY 4.0
Industry 4.0 originated in 2011 from a project in the high-tech strategy of the German
government, which promotes the computerization of manufacturing. Actually, the
term “Industry 4.0” was publicly introduced in the same year at the Hannover Fair.

There are four design principles identified as integral to Industry

4.0:
Interconnection — the ability of machines, devices, sensors, and
people to connect and communicate with each other via the
Internet of things, or the internet of people (IoP)
Information transparency — the transparency afforded by
Industry 4.0 technology provides operators with comprehensive
information to make decisions.
Technical assistance — the technological facility of systems to
assist humans in decision-making and problem-solving, and the
ability to help humans with difficult or unsafe tasks
Decentralized decisions — the ability of cyber physical systems
to make decisions on their own and to perform their tasks
as
autonomously as possible.
THANK YOU!