‫ محمود‬:‫االسم‬

‫مصطفي علي‬
‫حسن‬
‫الرقم‬
:‫الجامعي‬
14013219

Conservation of
Mass

1. Objectives:
To experimentally validate the principle of “Conservation of Mass” fType equation here.or
accumulating/evacuatingtanks.

2. Overview:
The conservation of mass principle for a control volume states that: the net mass transfer to or
from a control volume during a time interval t is equal to the net change (increase or decrease)
in the total mass within the control volume during t . Mathematically, and for well-defined inlets
and outlets, this can be expressed as:

The first setup of the experiment will target measuring the time it takes for a tank filled with water
to be emptied through a bottom outlet. In this setup, there will be no fluid entering the tank. The
time measured experimentally shall be validated analytically.

The second setup of the experiment will target measuring the time it takes for a tank being filled
with water and evacuating at the same time to accumulate/evacuate. The time measured
experimentally shall be validated analytically.
 Note: The working fluid in this experiment shall be fresh water (= 1000 kg/m3).

3. Experimental Setup:
A rectangular tank of dimensions (L=??cm, B=??cm, H=??cm) whose top is open to the
atmosphere with a discharge plug at the bottom. The plug consists of four small holes each of
diameter D= ?? mm.

Filling the tank with water is done using a water hose attached to the lab faucet. A graded plastic
trough can be used to measure the volume flow rate (discharge) from the water hose. A stopwatch
is needed in order to measure the time.

Note: The velocity of the outlet water jet can be taken as V  2gh , where h (t) is the water
height and any instant of time (t) and g is the gravitational acceleration. This relation is vital for
your calculations.
4. Procedure:
Listed here is a brief description of the major steps needed in order to perform the experiments.
Before commencing with experiment (B), you may need to find the volume flow rate from the
water hose. This can be done by measuring the time it takes for the water hose to fill the plastic
trough up to a certain volume.

A) Experiment (A) - (emptying the tank):

1- Fill the tank up to a certain determined height (H) with the bottom plug closed firmly.
2- Pull out the bottom plug and start recording the time it takes the tank to completely empty.
3- Write down all necessary equations and calculate the time analytically to compare.

B) Experiment (B) - (simultaneously filling and emptying the tank):

1- Find the rate of discharge from the water hose as explained earlier.
2- Start filling the tank using the water hose while the bottom plug is open. Record the time it
takes for the water level in the tank to reach a certain determined height (H).
3- Write down all necessary equations and calculate the time analytically to compare.

In Experiment (B) and after writing the relevant analytical equation in its final form, you will end
up with an Integral in the form of:
H
1
t  AT [ ]dh
0 a  b h

Where, AT is the cross sectional area of the tank; H is the specified water height; (a) and (b) are
constants and, h is the water height in the tank at any instant in time (t). Find an expression for
the constants (a) and (b.)

The solution of the Integral is:

H
]dh  2[a ln(a)  b H  a ln(a  b H )]
1
[ a  b h b2
0

Notes:
 Be careful with the conversion of units. All units must be based on the SI.
 The total outlet area of discharge from the tank (for four holes) is 4*(πD2/4).
 The discharge holes in the tank are 2 cm above the bottom of the tank. Take the vertical
measurements from the bottom of the tank with necessary modifications to the readings.
 Experiment:
𝑑ℎ 𝑣
𝜌×𝐴× = 𝜌 − 𝜌𝐴𝑖𝑛 √2𝑔ℎ
𝑑𝑡 𝑡
𝐴 = 31 × 30 × 10−4 𝑚2
𝑣 = 𝐴 × 10 × 10−2 𝑚3
𝐴𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 4 × 𝜋 × (0.002)2
𝑡 = 63
𝑑ℎ
0.093 𝑑𝑡 = 1.5 × 10−4 − 5.026 × 10−5 × √2𝑔ℎ
0.1
0.093𝑑ℎ
∫ = 𝑡 = 92.6𝑠
−4 −4
1.5 × 10 − 2.23 × 10 √ℎ
0
92.6 − 90
𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = = 2.9%
92.6

conclusion :
the principal of conservation of mass states that the mass of body is
constant during its motion , this can be states in rate form , as the time
rate of change of the mass of body is zero ,it is obvious that this
statement must be expressed mathematically for a material system.