GROUP-3

Members:
CAMLIAN, RASHIEA TAN.
CIMAFRANCA, LEX IVER TALLEDO.
CO, AIVAN AIVAN.
DELA PEÑA, JAMES CARBONELL.
DELOS SANTOS, ARTHUR LOIS NUÑAL.

ZYGMUNT BAUMAN (DELA PEÑA, JAMES CARBONELL.)

The term "globalization," according to Zygmunt Bauman, is used to convey the hope and
determination of global order-making. It is hailed as providing greater mobility for people,
capital, and information, as well as being beneficial to all. Globalization, he claims, divides as
much as it unites, widening the gap between the haves and the have-nots. Indeed, Zygmunt
Bauman is correct: globalization deteriorates national economies, state sovereignty, and
cultures, and it creates hundreds of new risks (social inequalities, poverty, nuclear weapons, and
wars) that endanger our safety and lead to our eventual downfall. The reality of self-destruction
is real, so the lack of a clear perception and method of problem solving, as well as the ability to
predict the future, is still alarming.

ZYGMUNT BAUMAN (CO, AIVAN.)

Zygmunt Bauman’s critism precisely mirrored how globalism produces impact and
effectively influence the people of different cultures and beliefs and him stating that globalization
give rise to new forms such as polarization and uncertainty is facts and is adjacently effective
even up to this day and it will continuously grow once it will reach its maximum. The polarization
of globalization processes is said to emerge from the limitations of cultural homogenization,
namely with the rise of ethnocentrism and nationalism instead of cosmopolitanism same with
that it will cause changes to the data of our worlds uncertainty meaning the more we globalize
the more we change and influence markets and organizations to inflate rates and etc. making
Zygmunt Bauman also come to a realization of winners or fortunate ones will be the new elites
and has the freedom to grow and move while the losers or the one who can’t adapt to such
changes will be the ones to remain and be bound to their localities. Bauman is also correct when
he said that the process of globalization also disrupts equality and engendered new forms of
social forms and creates hierarchy. Globalization is creating fresh opportunities for hundreds of
millions of people. But the gap between richest and poorest countries is widening and inequality
within many countries is increasing.
Anthony Giddens (CAMLIAN, RASHIEA T.)

Anthony Giddens and his book runaway world argues that globalization led to the creation
of what he calls a global risk society. We have become incredible interconnected and in many
ways interdependent across the globe. For the reason that the manufactured risk and issues that
are created in one part of the world have incredible consequences for other parts of the
world. He claims, that globalization is the information revolution, which means that our world
has been centered around the internet leading to a significant global economic impact. As a
matter of fact, Anthony Giddens is right, globalization affects our lives in many ways in terms of
culture, traditions, politics and today we are witnessing the flow of goods and services across the
international borders as well as the nature of supremacy.

Anthony Giddens (CIMAFRANCA, LEX IVER TALLLEDO.)

After reading and understanding what Giddens is trying to point out about Globalization;
to my opinion, he emphasized globalization as what I have expected it would be. I agree that
Globalization is the strengthening of global social linkages that connect much further locations in
such a way that local events are impacted by occurrences thousands of kilometers away and vice
versa. I also agree to him saying that Globalization is an economic phenomenon since it includes
the integration of markets, trade, and investments of a nation to another. Another thing that I
agreed to Anthony Giddens is that it is indeed influenced by communication for the reason that
communication helps to increase business opportunities, remove cultural barriers, and develop
a global environment for businessmen; also, Satellites, fiber-optic connections, and the internet
make sharing information with people in different time zones and regions relatively simple. As a
matter of fact, Globalization is very real and is continuously and currently occurring every second
around the globe.

Ulrich Beck (DELOS SANTOS, ARTHUR LOIS NUÑAL.)

I can tell that Ulrich Beck's view on globalization was a little confusing, he proposed a
reflexive theory of globalism based on two main concepts: globality and globalization. He focused
on his critique for globalism. Globalism is an idea that people think or it is still a belief, if they
make a movement or people spread their products/etc. that globalization will happen. According
to Beck, Globality refers to the collision of economic, cultural, and political forms in world society.
Globalization denotes the processes through which sovereign national states are crisscrossed
and undermined by transnational actors with varying prospects of power, orientations,
identities, and networks. Globality Reduction of globalization to economics. Globalization alters
the interconnectedness of nation-states and the internal quality of the social. Economic and
social ways of acting, working, living no longer take place within the confines of the nation-state.
 3 THEORIES OF GLOBALIZATION

 ECONOMIC THEORY (DELA PEÑA, JAMES CARBONELL.)

Economic globalization refers to the diversification and intensifying of economic

interconnections around the world. Economic globalization includes massive flows of capital and
technology that stimulate trade in goods and services, in addition to the more traditional factors
of production, labor, and land. New types of economic products, such as hedge funds and
derivatives, have emerged, allowing for greater flows of investment and capital from one country
to another.

An example of this theory: when countries join forces, they exchange far more than just
goods and services. Food is perhaps one of the most significant aspects of society that has
changed as a result of cross-cultural interactions. People had the opportunity to sample the
flavors, cuisines, and traditions of other countries thanks to global food chains such as
McDonald's and Krispy Kreme. It also resulted in the blending of cuisines.

Another example is that technology is a medium of development that travels from one
country to the next, upgrading various sectors of the country. Globalization has reached a new
technological horizon with the introduction of the internet. Because some countries are
technologically advanced, they have been able to solve some of their problems at a lower cost.
For example, due to its innovative applications, 5G technology has become the talk of the town
in many countries.

 CULTURAL THEORY (CAMLIAN, RASHIEA T.)

Theory is fundamentally a group of information so it endeavors to clarify a specific

phenomenon and the phenomena would not be what culture is affecting globalization or the
reverse way around how does globalization influence culture. So when we say cultural
globalization it alludes to the transmission of thoughts, implications and values all over the world
so as to expand and increase social relations.

At the limits, the globalization of culture can be seen as the transnational development
of common codes and practices (homogeneity) or as a cycle wherein numerous global and local
culture information sources communicate to make a sort of mix, leading to a variety of cultural
hybrids (heterogeneity). The pattern toward homogeneity is frequently connected with social
government, or the impact of a specific culture on a wide scope of different societies.
 Good examples of cultural globalization are, for instance, the trading of commodities such
as coffee or avocados. Coffee is said to be originally from Ethiopia and consumed in the Arabid
region. Nonetheless, due to commercial trades after the 11th century, it is nowadays known as a
globally consumed commodity. Avocados, for instance, grown mostly under the tropical
temperatures of Mexico, the Dominican Republic or Peru. They started by being produced in
small quantities to supply the local populations but today guacamole or avocado toasts are
common in meals all over the world.

Simultaneously, books, movies, pictures, and music are currently promptly accessible
from one side of the world to the other thanks to the advancement of the digital world and the
power of the internet. These are maybe the best supporters of the speed at which social trades
and globalization are going on. Lastly, the k-12 curriculum, which is multicultural- based and has
an integrated approach where everyone can use it regardless of nationality, culture and identity.

 POLITICAL THEORY (DELOS SANTOS, ARTHUR LOIS NUÑAL.)

Political globalization -is the evolution of political system worldwide.

-it refers to the amount of political cooperation that exist between different countries.

-A borderless political system that includes government of the countries around the globe.

Example:

 International Government Organizations (IGOs)

 World trade organization
 United Nations
 International Non-Government Organization (INGOs)
 Red cross international committee
Answers to page 18 of the PDF (CO, AIVAN.)

1) What is this paradigm's view of culture and of cultural difference?

According to lecture Huntington's Clash of Civilizations adamant cultures migrating and

globalizing will only lead to peoples cultural and religious identities to be a primary source of
conflict. Especially during the Post world war times. His ideology of this war is not about the fight
between countries but between cultures.

2) What is Huntington's clash of culture thesis and what policy conclusions does he draw
from it?

Samuel Huntington's thesis, The Clash of Culture, proposes a hypothesis about the
character of global politics in the post-Cold War age. According to Huntington, battles in the
twenty-first century would be waged between civilizations rather than between countries
(nationalism) or ideologies (liberalism, Marxism, Fascism, etc.) as they were in the twentieth
century. He claims that disputes are about to take on a new shape, one of culture. When local
and even national identities are undermined by globalization, culture, in its broadest sense,
becomes increasingly crucial in determining who individuals are, according to his idea. People are
divided into sects based on their shared religion, language, history, legacy, and traditions.

3) What nonwestern world figure would likely agree with Huntington’s basic "clash"
thesis?

Huntington sees Islamic civilization as a potential ally to China, both having more
revisionist goals and sharing common conflicts with other civilizations, especially the West.
Specifically, he identifies common Chinese and Islamic interests in the areas of weapons
proliferation, human rights, and democracy that conflict with those of the West, and feels that
these are areas in which the two civilizations will cooperate. Russia, Japan, and India are what
Huntington terms 'swing civilizations' and may favor either side. With the end of the Cold War,
international politics moves out of its Western phase, and its center-piece becomes the
interaction between the West and non-Western civilizations and among non-Western
civilizations. In the politics of civilizations, the people and governments of non-Western
civilizations no longer remain the objects of history as targets of Western colonialism but join the
West as movers and shapers of history.

4) Is there a benign version of the differentiation paradigm?

Yes there is, as we people of different cultures globalize, we learn new cultures, we celebrate
it along with them and we adapt some of it but own culture still remains. No matter how cultured
and civilized one is, if we just know how to acknowledge and respect, we will be able to expand
more of our organizations inclined with globalization. Promoting differences and valuing cultural
differences, by orienting toward inclusion of diverse perspectives to broaden the organizational
and or company stand.

5) What are the major criticisms of this paradigm?

Huntington makes a strong and valid argument that culture is a main source of conflict,
the claim that the broader civilization that one identifies with intensely, appears to be
overgeneralized as Huntington’s civilization groupings are anxious with their own internal
cultural divisions and conflict. If current conflicts within these civilizations are examined, it is
quite evident that Huntington’s restraint to unity among civilizations is invalid. Furthermore,
Huntington’s claim that loyalties to civilizations as a source of conflict versus national or ethnic
identities is flawed, this claim is doubtful, particularly in the Islamic civilization where interests
within particular states have outweighed those of all-encompassing Islamic or pan-Arab
judgements.

Therefore, this would seem to invalidate Huntington’s claim that one identifies with him
or herself as a member of their Western, Islamic, or Confusion civilization first and foremost. The
world’s most important conflicts, as Huntington argues, will occur along the fault lines that
demarcate a civilization’s boundary with another’s. This has provoked some statistical analyses
to be conducted to determine the validity of Huntington’s claim that this has been the case.
Furthermore, Errol Henderson of 1998 did a study reporting that although differences in religion
increase the incidence of war, ethnic and linguistic similarity also increase the likelihood of
conflict.

This study also found that geographical proximity between states is also a stronger factor
than culture. This brings into question Huntington’s claim that conflicts between civilizations will
be concentrated on the cultural fault lines dividing civilizations. It is also reasonable to argue that
many of the conflicts Huntington identifies along these fault lines simply have a greater likelihood
of conflict as they are neighboring states. Therefore, whether conflict is found along the fault
lines of civilizational boundaries or not, it does not necessarily disprove Huntington’s thesis.
However, this weakens the argument that, as civilizations grow increasingly grounded in their
own cultures, values, and religions, conflict will occur along the fault lines where civilizations are
bound.
Answers to page 19 of the PDF (CIMAFRANCA, LEX IVER TALLLEDO.)

1) What is this paradigm’s view of culture and cultural difference?

Talking about Mcdonadization’s view on culture and cultural differences, we can discuss
theories under Cultural Globalization, these are Cultural Homogeneity, Heterogeneity,
Differentialism, Convergence and Hybridization.

Cultural homogeneity refers to the loss of cultural diversity as a result of the

popularization and spread of other civilizations. Cultural Imperialism is an example of this. It is
the imposition of numerous characteristics of one dominant culture's culture upon another
nondominant culture. Ex. The adoption of American clothing styles by Filipinos, which have
mostly replaced indigenous clothing styles. We got new types of apparel when the Americans
introduced us to them, such as Polo shirts, dresses, slacks, shorts, and so on. In fact, the majority
of the clothing we wear is presented to us by Americans. Another example is the widespread
popularity of Hollywood films, which can now be seen all over the world.

Next is Cultural Heterogeneity, in which a culture has been widely adopted and accepted
by other communities, hence increasing cultural diversity in local societies.

Cultural Differentialism, on the other hand, asserts that, despite globalization, cultural
and civilizational differences persist. The core culture has not changed. Cultural differentialism
can be seen in the latter battles in Afghanistan and Iraq. Many individuals believe that these
events are the outcome of a clash between Western and Islamic traditions, as well as long-
standing cultural divides. This is critical because cultural differentiation stresses long-term
variations within and between cultures that are mostly unaffected by globalization or cultural
movements. Conflicting civilizations, as seen in the example, can have far-reaching effects for
both cultures, countries, and the entire planet.

Then there's Cultural Convergence: As a result of globalization, there's a lot of the

sameness all around the world. The world's cultures are expanding to some extent.
Mcdonaldlization is an example of this; it is a process in which the ideas of "fast-food-restaurant"
are increasingly dominating more and more industries in the United States and around the world.
What is the point of Mcdonaldization? Because of its effectiveness, it ensures that customers and
employees behave in an efficient manner and consume in a more efficient manner (drive thru).
Its Calculability - the quantity (speed) of cooking is prioritized over the quality of the food, and
many aspects of the job are timed. It's all about predictability: staff speak in a prescribed manner,
and customers know exactly what they want. Its technological control - a fantastic technology
control system that will eventually replace employees.

Finally, Cultural Hybridization entails the blending of cultures and the integration of the
global and local, resulting in unique combinations, resulting in global and local, new, and distinct
cultures that are neither local nor global. Take, for example, the music. Western music genres
such as Pop, R&B, Rap, Hip-Hop, EDM, and others were adapted to the Filipino music that we can
hear today. Another is a mixed-race child whose parents are a native African man and a Chinese
lady, and their family is a blend of languages, cultures, traditions, and beliefs.

2) What are other common synonyms for Mcdonaldization?

Americanization is the influence of American culture and business on other countries
outside America, including their media, cuisine, business practices, popular culture, technology,
or political techniques.
3) How do empirical studies of Mcdonald’s around the world challenge this paradigm?
McDonaldization as a complex social and economic process has been the subject of much
debate among consumption sociologists; one common criticism is that there has been a
conflation between understanding McDonald's as a fast-food business and the broader
consequences of McDonaldization as a complex social and economic process. In this sense, it may
be argued that the transition to the digital world may demand a closer examination of how the
relationship between production and consumption is played out as the ways in which consumer
goods are distributed change.

4) How is the relationship between geography and cultural difference changing?

Based on the concept of Mcdonaldization and Globalization, McDonaldization has a far-

reaching impact on people's values, interests, ambitions, identities, and social interactions, and
it's not just about manufacturing. It was identified as a global phenomenon by many sociologists;
also, Globalization of culture contributes to the exchange of cultural values of different countries,
the convergence of traditions and what this means is that Globalization enhances cultural identity
and people become much more concerned about the uniqueness or the particularity of their
culture reducing or could be removing cultural differences.