Travel Hydraulic System

312D & 312D L Excavators JBC00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C4.2 Engine(S...
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Product: EXCAVATOR
Model: 312D L EXCAVATOR JBC
Configuration: 312D & 312D L Excavators JBC00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C4.2 Engine
Systems Operation
312D and 313D Excavators Hydraulic System
Media Number -KENR6554-08 Publication Date -01/09/2012 Date Updated -28/09/2012

i04685214
Travel Hydraulic System

SMCS - 5050
Travel Control
Illustration 1 g01450655
(1) Left travel motor
(52) Travel brake valve
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312D & 312D L Excavators JBC00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C4.2 Engine(S... Page 2 of 13
Final drive
(53) Track
(54) Sprocket
(55) Final drive
The output flow from the drive pump flows through the swivel to the right travel motor. The output
flow from the idler pump flows through the swivel to the left travel motor. The pump delivery flow
causes rotation of the travel motors. The torque of the travel motors is transmitted to the final drives.
The rotational speed of the travel motors is reduced by gear reduction in the final drive. The final
drive (55) increases the torque and the rotational force drives track (53) via sprocket (54) .
Keypad (right console)
(56) Travel speed control switch
The travel speed can be adjusted by the slight operation of the travel levers/pedals. The travel speed
can also be controlled by travel speed control switch (56) . This changes the travel speed when the
travel levers/pedals are moved to the maximum position. The travel speed control switch can be set at
the LOW SPEED position or the HIGH SPEED position. When the travel speed control switch is set
at the LOW SPEED position, the tortoise appears on the default message display of the monitor.
When the travel speed control switch is set at the HIGH SPEED position, the rabbit appears on the
default message display of the monitor. During travel on a flat surface or during gradual downhill
travel, the travel speed is set at the HIGH SPEED position. This condition increases mobility.
When travel speed control switch (56) is set at the HIGH SPEED position, the pressure sensors for
pump delivery pressure detect the change in pump load. If the pressure sensors detect a high load, the
travel speed is automatically adjusted to LOW SPEED. If the pressure sensors detect a small load, the
travel speed is automatically adjusted to HIGH SPEED.
Operation of travel
(15) Right travel motor
(57) Forward travel
(58) Left travel lever/pedal
(59) Idler
(60) Right travel lever/pedal
(61) Cab
(62) Reverse travel
The direction of travel is relative to the position of the lower structure. For normal travel, idler (59) is
positioned in front of cab (61) and travel motors (1) and (15) to the rear of the cab. With the machine
in the normal position of travel, move the travel levers/pedals (58) and (60) forward. The machine
will travel in forward direction (57) . This movement is called forward travel. When the travel
levers/pedals (58) and (60) are moved toward the operator, the machine travels in reverse direction
(62) . This direction is called reverse travel.
When cab (61) is rotated by 180 degrees, travel motors (1) and (15) are positioned in front of the cab.
The direction of travel and the operation of the travel levers/pedals (58) and (60) are reversed from
the normal travel direction.
When the machine is in the normal position of travel and when one of the travel levers/pedals (58) or
(60) is moved forward, the respective track travels forward. The machine turns because the stationary
track acts as the pivot point. This action is called a pivot turn.
This machine will spot turn in order to change the travel direction of the machine in a narrow space.
To complete a spot turn operation, move one travel lever/pedal to the rear and move the other travel
lever/pedal forward at the same time. One track will travel to the rear and the other track will travel
forward. The machine will spot turn around the center axis of the machine.
Forward Travel
Hydraulic schematic for FORWARD TRAVEL
(2) Swashplate
(3) Motor rotary group
(4) Swashplate control piston (HIGH SPEED)
(5) Passage (supply oil)
(6) Brake pilot valve
(7) Passage
(8) Counterbalance valve
(9) Swashplate control piston (LOW SPEED)
(10) Parking brake
(11) Passage (return oil)
(12) Displacement change valve
(13) Passage
(14) Line (pilot system oil pressure)
(15) Right travel motor
(16) Swashplate
(17) Swashplate control piston (LOW SPEED)
(19) Passage
(22) Swashplate control piston (HIGH SPEED)
(23) Passage
(24) Passage
(25) Passage
(26) Passage
(27) Line (pilot system oil pressure)
(28) Line (return oil)
(29) Line (supply oil)
(30) Swivel
(37) Return passage
(38) Left travel control valve
(39) Passage
(40) Center bypass passage
(41) Right travel control valve
(42) Pilot line (forward left travel)
(43) Pilot line (forward right travel)
(44) Travel pilot control valve
(45) Return line
(46) Pressure sensor for drive pump
(47) Pressure sensor for idler pump
(48) Travel speed solenoid valve
(49) Idler pump
(50) Drive pump
(51) Pilot pump
Main control valve
(38) Left travel control valve
(41) Right travel control valve
When both of the travel levers/pedals are operated, pilot system oil pressure flows from travel pilot
control valve (44) through pilot lines (42) and (43) to left travel control valve (38) and right travel
control valve (41) . The pilot system oil pressure shifts the spools in both of the travel control valves
in a downward direction. The travel control valves allow the oil delivery from the drive pump and the
idler pump to flow to swivel (30) . The swivel transfers the oil delivery from the rotating upper
structure to the lines in the lower structure. The oil delivery flows to left travel motor (1) and right
travel motor (15) .
Note: The right and left travel controls function in the same manner. The explanation for the left
travel control will be used to explain both the right and left travel controls.
When the left travel lever/pedal is moved to the FORWARD TRAVEL position, pilot system oil
pressure from travel pilot control valve (44) flows through pilot line (42) to left travel control valve
(38) . The spool in the left travel control valve shifts in a downward direction. The oil delivery from
the idler pump in center bypass passage (40) flows through passage (39) , left travel control valve
(38) , passage (35) , line (33) , swivel (30) and line (29) to left travel motor (1) .
The oil delivery from the idler pump enters left travel motor (1) and flows through counterbalance
valve (8) and passage (5) to motor rotary group (3) . At the same time, a portion of the oil delivery
from the idler pump flows through passage (7) and brake pilot valve (6) to parking brake (10) . The
parking brake is released and the oil delivery from the idler pump causes the motor to rotate.
LOW SPEED
Left travel motor (LOW SPEED)
(2) Swashplate
(4) Swashplate control piston
(13) Passage
(27) Pilot line
(47) Pressure sensor (idler pump)
(49) Idler pump
(51) Pilot pump
(A) Indicator for HIGH SPEED
(B) Indicator for LOW SPEED
(C) Machine ECM
When travel speed control switch (56) is set at the LOW SPEED position, an electrical signal is sent
to machine ECM (C) . The machine ECM does not energize travel speed solenoid valve (48) and pilot
system oil pressure does not flow through pilot line (27) to displacement change valve (12) . The
spool in the displacement change valve does not shift. A portion of the oil flow from the idler pump in
passage (5) flows through passage (13) and displacement change valve (12) to swashplate control
piston (9) . As a result, swashplate control piston (9) moves swashplate (2) to the maximum
displacement position. At the same time, the oil that acts on swashplate control piston (4) flows into
the case drain of the travel motor. One rotation of motor rotary group (3) displaces a larger amount of
oil flow. The rotational speed of the left travel motor decreases. The left track moves slowly and
better traction is achieved.
The return oil from motor rotary group (3) flows through passage (11) , counterbalance valve (8) , line
(28) and swivel (30) . The return oil then flows through line (34) , left travel control valve (38) ,
return passage (37) and return line (45) to the hydraulic tank.
Right travel motor (15) receives the oil delivery from the drive pump. The right travel motor functions
in the same manner as the left travel motor in the LOW SPEED position.
HIGH SPEED
312D & 312D L Excavators JBC00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C4.2 Engine... Page 10 of 13
Pilot manifold (left side of pump compartment)
Left travel motor (HIGH SPEED)
(2) Swashplate
(13) Passage
(27) Pilot line
(47) Pressure sensor (idler pump)
(49) Idler pump
(51) Pilot pump
(A) Indicator for HIGH SPEED
(B) Indicator for LOW SPEED
(C) Machine ECM
When travel speed control switch (56) is set at the HIGH SPEED position, an electrical signal is sent
to machine ECM (D) . Pressure sensors (46) and (47) also send an electrical signal to the machine
ECM. If the travel load is light and when the pump delivery pressure is below a certain pressure, the
machine ECM energizes travel speed solenoid valve (48) . Pilot system oil pressure flows through
travel speed solenoid valve (48) and line (27) to displacement change valve (12) . The spool in the
displacement change valve shifts. A portion of the oil delivery from the idler pump flows through the
displacement change valve to swashplate control piston (4) . Swashplate control piston (4) moves
swashplate (2) to the minimum displacement position. At the same time, the oil that acts on
swashplate control piston (9) flows into the case drain of the travel motor. One rotation of motor
rotary group (3) displaces a smaller amount of oil flow. The rotational speed of the left travel motor
increases. The left track moves at a faster speed.
The return oil from motor rotary group (3) flows through passage (11) , counterbalance valve (8) , line
(28) and swivel (30) . The return oil then flows through line (34) , left travel control valve (38) ,
return passage (37) and return line (45) to the hydraulic tank.
Right travel motor (15) receives the oil delivery from the drive pump. The right travel motor functions
in the same manner as the left travel motor in HIGH SPEED position.
Automatic Travel Speed Change
Main pump compartment
(46) Pressure sensor for drive pump
(47) Pressure sensor for idler pump
Pressure sensor (46) monitors the delivery pressure of the drive pump. Pressure sensor (47) monitors
the delivery pressure of the idler pump. The motor displacement is low when the travel speed control
switch is set at the HIGH SPEED position and the travel load is light. As the pump load increases, the
delivery pressure of the pumps increases. When the delivery pressure of the pumps reaches a certain
pressure, the pressure sensor sends an electrical signal to the machine ECM. The machine ECM de-
energizes travel speed solenoid valve (48) . Travel speed solenoid valve (48) blocks the flow of pilot
system supply oil to displacement change valves (14) and (20) . The oil in swashplate control pistons
(4) and (22) now flows into the case drain of the travel motors. Swashplates (2) and (16) move to the
maximum displacement position. One rotation of the motor rotary groups in the travel motors
displaces a larger amount of oil flow. The rotational speed of the travel motors decreases. The travel
speed is automatically changed to LOW SPEED.
When the pump load decreases and the travel speed control switch is set at the HIGH SPEED
position, pressure sensors (46) and (47) cause the machine ECM to energize travel speed solenoid
valve (48) . Displacement change valves (12) and (20) will be shifted by pilot pressure so that the
motor rotary groups will change to the minimum displacement position. One rotation of the motor
rotary groups displaces a small amount of oil flow. The travel speed will automatically change to
HIGH SPEED.
The ability of the machine to change the travel speed automatically allows good performance at high
speed and better traction control.
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312D & 312D L Excavators JBC00001-UP (MACHINE) POWERED BY C4.2 Engine(S...

Travel Hydraulic System

(1) Left travel motor

(52) Travel brake valve

(55) Final drive

Keypad (right console)

(56) Travel speed control switch

(1) Left travel motor

(15) Right travel motor

(57) Forward travel

(58) Left travel lever/pedal

(60) Right travel lever/pedal

(62) Reverse travel

Hydraulic schematic for FORWARD TRAVEL

(1) Left travel motor

(3) Motor rotary group

(4) Swashplate control piston (HIGH SPEED)

(5) Passage (supply oil)

(6) Brake pilot valve

(8) Counterbalance valve

(9) Swashplate control piston (LOW SPEED)

(10) Parking brake

(11) Passage (return oil)

(12) Displacement change valve

(14) Line (pilot system oil pressure)

(15) Right travel motor

(17) Swashplate control piston (LOW SPEED)

(18) Passage (supply oil)

(20) Displacement change valve

(21) Passage (return oil)

(22) Swashplate control piston (HIGH SPEED)

(27) Line (pilot system oil pressure)

(28) Line (return oil)

(29) Line (supply oil)

(31) Line (supply oil)

(32) Line (return oil)

(33) Line (supply oil)

(34) Line (return oil)

(35) Passage (supply oil)

(36) Passage (return oil)

(37) Return passage

(38) Left travel control valve

(40) Center bypass passage

(41) Right travel control valve

(42) Pilot line (forward left travel)

(43) Pilot line (forward right travel)

(44) Travel pilot control valve

(45) Return line

(46) Pressure sensor for drive pump

(47) Pressure sensor for idler pump

(48) Travel speed solenoid valve

(49) Idler pump

(50) Drive pump

(51) Pilot pump

Main control valve

(38) Left travel control valve

(41) Right travel control valve

Left travel motor (LOW SPEED)

(1) Left travel motor

(3) Motor rotary group

(4) Swashplate control piston

(5) Passage (supply oil)

(8) Counterbalance valve

(9) Swashplate control piston