PRIYAANSH MALIK

CSE-3

ROLL-36415002719

Reading with suitable intonation and pronunciation:

Exercise

(1) What tune/tone is suitable for Yes/No (Polarity type questions)?

ANS: The polarity type questions use a rising intonation. They tend to end in a rising
pitch pattern.

(2) What tone/tune is considered suitable for Wh questions (starting with why,
where, how, who, what)

ANS: ‘Wh-’ question sentences are the questions that begin with the words ‘who, what,
where, when, why’ and ‘how’. This type of questions use a falling intonation in which the
pitch boundaries normally fall. 

Non-Polarity Type Questions.

(3) What pattern of tone/tune (intonation pattern) is usually followed for reading
out a list (of items)?

ANS: We use rise-fall intonation for choices, lists, unfinished thoughts and conditional
sentences. Usually when we reading out a list of items the first few items are said with a
rising intonation and the pitch falls with the final item in the list to imply the end of the
list.

(4) While reading the passage from “The Happy Prince” where can we use falling
rising intonation?

ANS: The main function of ‘fall-rise’ intonation is to show that the speaker is not certain
of the answer they are giving to a question, or is reluctant to reply. It may also be used in
polite requests or suggestions.
The use of ‘fall-rise’ intonation in the passage can be used when the bird asked ‘The
Happy Prince’ why he was crying despite his name being ‘The Happy Prince’. The bird
was not certain of the prince’s answer so it asked why he was crying.

(5) What is the significance of intonation in reading and speaking? Illustrate.

ANS: Intonation is about how we say things, the way the voice rises and falls when
speaking.
Intonation is very important in communication as it gives information beyond just the
basic meaning of the words.
It can express the speaker’s attitude or feeling about something, as well as giving
grammatical information (such as distinguishing between a statement and a question).
For example: "You’re seeing the doctor tomorrow." 
The above sentence may have varied meaning depending upon the intonation. If the
above sentence is used with a rising intonation it indicates that the speaker is questioning
and if the above sentence uses a falling intonation, it indicates a direct command from the
speaker.
Changing the pitch in your voice – making it higher or lower –may even allow you to
show surprise,
(For example: “Oh, really!”) or just boredom (for example: “Oh, really).
Therefore, these patterns of pitch variation are essential to a phrase's meaning. Changing
the intonation can completely change the meaning.

(6) Write the markers of the below mentioned intonation patterns with examples:
(i) Rising
(ii) Falling
(iii) Falling rising

ANS:
Falling Intonation (➘)
It is commonly found in statements, commands, wh-questions (information questions),
confirmatory question tags and exclamations.
 Statements
o Nice to meet ↘you.
o I’ll be back in a ↘minute.
 Commands
o Write your name ↘here.
o Show me what you’ve ↘written.  
 Wh- questions (requesting information.)
o What country do you come ↘from?
o Where do you ↘work?  
 Questions Tags that are statements requesting confirmation
 o He thinks he’s so clever, doesn’t ↘he?
o She's such a nuisance, isn't ↘she?  
 Exclamations
o How nice of ↘ you!
o That's just what I ↘need!
Rising Intonation (➚) 
Rising intonation invites the speaker to continue talking and It may normally be used
with yes/no questions, and question tags that are real questions.
 Yes/no Questions
o Do you like your new ➚teacher?
o Have you finished ➚already?
 Questions tags that show uncertainty and require an answer (real questions).
o We've met already, ➚haven't we?
o The view is beautiful, ➚isn't it?
Fall-Rise Intonation (➘➚)
The main function of fall-rise intonation is to show that the speaker is not certain of the
answer they are giving to a question, or is reluctant to reply (as opposed to a falling tone
used when there is no hesitation). It is also used in polite requests or suggestions.
 Hesitation/reluctance:
o So you'd be willing to confirm that? ...Well ... I ➘sup➚pose so ...
o You didn't see him on Monday?   I don't quite ➘re➚member ...
 Politeness-Doubt-Uncertainty: (You are not sure what the answer might be.)
o Perhaps we could ➘vis➚it the place?

(7) What do you understand by pitch range? Comment on how your pitch changed
when reading the passage from “The Happy Prince”

ANS: Pitch is the degree of highness or lowness of a tone.

Every individual voice has a pitch range which can be achieved by adjustments of the
vocal cords. By tightening the vocal cords, a person can raise the pitch of the voice by
loosening them, one can lower vocal pitch. When the vocal cords are stretched, the pitch
of voice increases. Pitch variations in speech are realized by the alteration of the tension
of vocal cords
While reading the passage “The Happy Prince”, my pitch was high in the beginning. In
the middle, it was sometimes low when I encountered questions. In the end, it was low as
the passage ended in an exclamatory note

(8) Note and write about how and your voice /pitch changes at the first and final
pause on the given sentence:
“Towards the end of my visit, I went to the Wallops Flight Facility at Wallops Island in
East Coast, Virginia.”

ANS: On reading the given sentence my pitch was high, then it fell and finally it became
low at then end of the sentence

REFRENCES:

https://www.abc.net.au/education/learn-english/intonation/7518108

https://doctorsspeakup.com/content/intonation

https://www.learn-english-today.com/pronunciation-stress/intonation.html