Technologies For Electronic Commerce: Department of Computer Science

.
Technologies for Electronic Commerce
Department of Computer Science
February 8, 2022
Department of Computer Science (UB) Electronic Commerce, Eleventh Edition February 8, 2022 1 / 30
Learning Objectives
In this chapter, you will learn about:

1 Web Server Basics
2 Software for Web Servers
3 E-mail management and spam control issues
4 Internet and Web site utility programs
5 Web server hardware
Web Server Basics
Introduction
1 Basic technologies to build online business web sites are:

Sever software and hardware
Utility function software
2 Client/server architectures
Used in LANs, WANs, and the Web
Client requests server services
3 Servers
Have more memory and larger, faster disk drives
Web Server Basics
Web Browser Software
1 Web browser also called Web client software

2 Make computers work as Web clients
3 Must be platform neutral, which is critical in rapid spread and
widespread Web acceptance.
Web Server Basics
Platform Neutrality of the Web
Web Server Basics
Web Server
1 Main Job: Respond to Web client requests

2 Main Elements: Hardware, operating system software and Web
server software
Web Server Basics
Web Site Goals and Site Development Estimations
When developing a Web site, you must take into account the following:
1 Number of visitors
2 Number of pages viewed during an average visit
3 How large pages will be
4 Maximum number of simultaneous visitors
Dynamic Content Generation
Introduction
Dynamic Page
1 Web page content shaped by program

2 Non-static information constructed in response to Web client’s
request.
3 Gives user an interactive experience
Static Page
1 Unchanged page retrieved form Web server file(s)
Approaches for Creating Dynamic Content
Client-Side Scripting
1 Software operates on the Web client (browser)

2 Software changes Web page display in response to user’s actions
3 Software examples: JavaScript or Adobe Flash
Server-Side Scripting
1 Program runs on a Web server

2 Program creates Web page in response to request for specific
Information from a Web client
Dynamic Page Generation Technologies
Examples :
1 Python) - Scripting Language

2 Ruby on Rails - Creates dynamic Web pages with interface looking
like application
3 PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor - Is a popular general-purpose
scripting language that is especially suited to web development.
4 AJAX (asynchronous JavaScript and XML) - With Ajax, web
applications can send and retrieve data from a server asynchronously
(in the background) without interfering with the display and behavior
of the existing page.
Various Meanings of “Server”
Server
1 Computer providing files, making programs available to other

computers connected to it through a network.
2 It can be Software used to make files and programs available
May be part of the operating system (OS)
3 “Server” describes several types of computer hardware, software.
Various Meanings of “Server”
Server Examples
Web Server :
1 Computer connected to the internet

2 Runs Web server software - makes server’s files available to other
computers
E-mail Server:
1 Handles incoming and outgoing e-mail
Database Server :
1 Runs database management software
Web Client/Server Architectures
Basic Client/Server Operations
Web browser requests files form Web server :
1 Transportation medium of the request is the Internet.

2 Request formatted by browser using HTTP
3 Request sent to server computer
4 Server receives request
Retrieves file containing requested Web page
Formats page using HTTP
Sends back response to client over the internet
5 Client Web browser software displays page on the client machine
6 It is a repeating process - client requests, server responds, client
display results
Two-tier client/server architecture
One client and one server computer :
Three-tier architecture
1 Extends two-tier architecture - allows additional processing before

server responds to client’s request.
2 Often includes databases and related software application to supply
information to the Web server.
3 Web server uses software applications’ output when responding to
client requests.
Three-tier architecture
n-tier architectures
Examples :
1 More than three tiers

2 Tracking customer purchased stored in shopping carts functionality
3 Look uo sales tax rates functionality
4 Keep track of customer preferences functionality e.t.c.
Software for Web Servers
Operating Systems for Web Servers
Operating Systems tasks :
1 Running programs, allocating computer resources, providing input and

output resources.
Options for Web server operating systems software :
1 Microsoft Windows Server products

2 Linux
3 Unix-based operating systems
Operating Systems for Web Servers
Microsoft server products :
1 Considered simple to learn and use

2 Security concerns as they are vulnerable to attach
Linux and Unix :
1 Open-source
2 Fast efficient and easy to install
3 Can be downloaded from the Web
4 Most companies buy it through a commercial distributor
Commonly used Web server programs February 2019
1 Apache HTTP server (44.3%)

2 nginx (41%)
3 Microsoft Internet Information Server (ISS) (8.9%)
4 LiteSpeed Web Server (LSWP) (3.9%)
5 Google Web Server (GWS) (0.9%)
Indexing and Searching Utility Programs
Seach Engines
What is a Web Search Engine?
1 A web search engine or Internet search engine is a software system

that is designed to carry out web search (Internet search).
2 Information being searched is often specified in a textual web search
query.
3 The search results are generally presented in a line of results, often
referred to as search engine results pages (SERPs).
4 The information may be a mix of links to web pages, images, videos,
infographics, articles, research papers, and other types of files.
Indexing and Searching Utility Programs
How Search Engines Work
Search engines have three primary functions:
1 Crawl: Scour the internet for content, looking over the code/content
for each URL they find.
2 Index: Store and organize the content found during the crawling
process. Once a page is in the index, it’s in the running to be
displayed as a result to relevant queries.
3 Rank: Provide the pieces of content that will best answer the
searcher’s query, which means that results are ordered by most
relevant to least relevant.
Search engines can be incorporated in e-commerce applications to
add full-text search functionality.
Web Server Hardware Architecture
Server Architecture
Electronic commerce Web site use tiered architecture
1 Divides work serving Web pages

2 May use more than one computer within each tier
3 The different architectures are centralised architecture and
distributed architecture
4 Server Farms, which are large collections of servers lined up row
after row are normally used in E-Commerce Web sites
Centralised Architecture
Uses a few large and fast computers
1 Requires expensive computers

2 More sensitive to technical problems
3 Requires adequate backup plans
Distributed Architecture (Decentralized architecture)
Uses large number of less powerful computers
1 Spreads risk over large number of servers

2 Uses less-expensive servers
3 Requires additional hubs or switches to connect servers to each other
and the internet
4 Requires cost of load balancing
Load-Balancing Systems
Load Balancing Switch
1 Network hardware monotoring server workloads

2 Assigns incoming Web traffic to the server with most available
capacity
Simple Load-Balancing System
1 Traffic enters through site’s router

2 Encounters load-balancing switch
3 Directs traffic to best Web Server
Load-Balancing Systems (cont’d.)
Complex Load-Balancing Systems
1 Incoming Web traffic enters from two or more routers

2 Traffic directed to groups of dedicated Web Servers
A Load-Balancing System in a Decentralized Architecture
Complex Load Balancing
Summary
1 Clieng/server Web Architecture - HTTP-based tiered architectures

2 Several operating systems used on Web servers
3 Web server hardware - important consideration in online business site
design

Technologies For Electronic Commerce: Department of Computer Science

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Technologies For Electronic Commerce: Department of Computer Science

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

.

Technologies for Electronic Commerce

Department of Computer Science

In this chapter, you will learn about:

1 Basic technologies to build online business web sites are:

Web Browser Software

1 Web browser also called Web client software

Platform Neutrality of the Web

1 Main Job: Respond to Web client requests

Web Site Goals and Site Development Estimations

1 Web page content shaped by program

1 Unchanged page retrieved form Web server file(s)

Approaches for Creating Dynamic Content

1 Software operates on the Web client (browser)

1 Program runs on a Web server

Dynamic Page Generation Technologies

1 Python) - Scripting Language

1 Computer providing files, making programs available to other

1 Computer connected to the internet

1 Handles incoming and outgoing e-mail

1 Runs database management software

Basic Client/Server Operations

Web browser requests files form Web server :

1 Transportation medium of the request is the Internet.

Two-tier client/server architecture

One client and one server computer :

1 Extends two-tier architecture - allows additional processing before

1 More than three tiers

Operating Systems for Web Servers

Operating Systems tasks :

1 Running programs, allocating computer resources, providing input and

Options for Web server operating systems software :

1 Microsoft Windows Server products

Operating Systems for Web Servers

Microsoft server products :

1 Considered simple to learn and use

Linux and Unix :

Commonly used Web server programs February 2019

1 Apache HTTP server (44.3%)

What is a Web Search Engine?

1 A web search engine or Internet search engine is a software system

How Search Engines Work

Search engines have three primary functions:

Electronic commerce Web site use tiered architecture

1 Divides work serving Web pages

Uses a few large and fast computers

1 Requires expensive computers

Distributed Architecture (Decentralized architecture)

Uses large number of less powerful computers

1 Spreads risk over large number of servers

Load Balancing Switch

1 Network hardware monotoring server workloads

Simple Load-Balancing System

1 Traffic enters through site’s router

Load-Balancing Systems (cont’d.)

Complex Load-Balancing Systems

1 Incoming Web traffic enters from two or more routers

A Load-Balancing System in a Decentralized Architecture

Complex Load Balancing

1 Clieng/server Web Architecture - HTTP-based tiered architectures

You might also like