Hello! 3rd year Sec.

– Unit 3

UNIT 3
Vocabulary:
Liquid (n./adj.) ‫ في شكل سائل‬/ ‫ سائل‬Hydroelectric ‫الطاقة الكهرومائية‬
power
Molten ‫ منصهر‬Pressure ‫الضغط‬
Nuclear ‫ نووي‬Atom ‫الذرة‬
Pipe(n. / v.) ‫ ينقل باألنابيب‬/ ‫ أنبوب‬Fossil fuel ‫وقود حفري‬
Power station ‫ محطة للطاقة‬Generate ‫يولد‬
ً
Wind turbine ‫ توربين أو محرك يعمل‬waste ‫ فضالت‬/ ‫نفايات‬
‫بقوة الرياح‬
Coal ‫ الفحم‬Natural gas ‫الغاز الطبيعي‬
Renewable ‫ متجدد‬Generation ‫ جيل‬/ ‫توليد‬
Atomic = nuclear ‫ نووي‬/ ‫ ذري‬Nuclear power ‫الطاقة النووية‬
Geo- = earth ‫ مقطع بمعني األرض‬Thermal = heat ‫حرارة‬
Geothermal ‫ حراري أرضي‬Surface ‫السطح‬
Steam ‫ البخار‬Electricity ‫الكهرباء‬
Create pollution ‫ يسبب تلوث‬Drill ‫يحفر‬
Sugar cane ‫ قصب السكر‬Vegetables ‫خضروات‬
Palm trees ‫ أشجار النخيل‬Corn ‫الحبوب‬
Beans ‫ الفول‬Straight ‫ معتدل‬/ ‫مستقيم‬
Diesel ‫ زيت الديزل‬Forms of energy ‫أشكال الطاقة‬
Vehicles ‫ مركبات‬Types = sorts = ‫أنواع‬
kinds
Straighten ‫ يمهد‬/ ‫ يسوي‬Save energy ‫يوفر الطاقة‬
Sail ‫ يبحر‬Amount = ‫كمية‬
quantity
Clean energy ‫ الطاقة النظيفة‬Pollute the ‫يلوث البيئة‬
environment
Split ‫ ينشطر‬Safe ‫آمن‬
Recycling ‫ إعادة االستخدام‬Public transport ‫المواصالت العامة‬
Nuclear power ‫ محطة للطاقة النووية‬Sources of ‫مصادر الطاقة‬
station energy
Alternatives ‫ بدائل‬Workplaces ‫أماكن العمل‬
Environmentalists ‫ خبراء البيئة‬Extinction ‫االنقراض‬
Become extinct َ ‫ يصبح منقرضا‬Gas/petrol ‫محطة بنزين‬
station

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 3
Countdown ‫عد تنازلي‬ Harness ‫ يستغل‬/ ‫ يستخدم‬/ ‫ُيسخر‬
Central heating ‫التدفئة المركزية‬ Damage ‫ تلف‬/ ‫ضرر‬
Cooking ‫الطهي‬ Lighting ‫اإلضاءة‬
Lightning ‫البرق‬ Thunder ‫الرعد‬
Push ‫ يضغط‬/ ‫يدفع‬ Industry ‫الصناعة‬
Impressed ‫ متأثر‬/ ‫منبهر‬ Company = firm ‫شركـة‬
Blade ‫ نصل‬/ ‫ريشة المروحة‬ Tower ‫برج‬
Introduce ‫ُيقدم‬ Introduction ‫مقدمة‬
Conclude ‫ يختم‬/ ‫يستنتج‬ Conclusion ‫ خاتمة‬/ ‫استنتاج‬
Materials ‫مواد‬ Traditional ‫تقليدي‬
Economic ‫مشكالت اقتصادية‬ Extensively ‫علي نطاق واسع‬
problems
Extremely ‫للغاية‬ Store ‫ُيخزن‬
Capture ‫ يستولي‬/ ‫يحصل علي‬ Lake Nasser ‫بحيرة ناصر‬
‫ يأسر‬/ ‫علي‬
Springs ‫ينابيع مياه‬ Incredible ‫ال ُيص ًدق‬
Smart car ‫سيارة ذكية‬ A device ‫ أداة‬/ ‫جهاز‬
Science fiction ‫الخيال العلمي‬ Sat-nav systems ‫أجهزة أو نظم مالحية‬
‫تستخدم األقمار الصناعية‬
directions ‫ تعليمات‬/ ‫اتجاهات‬ Electric bulb ‫مصباح كهربي‬
Destination ‫ مقصد‬/ ‫جهة الوصول‬ cyclist ‫راكب دراجة‬
Speed bump ‫مطب لتخفيف السرعة‬ fine ‫ ُيغرم‬/ ‫غرامة‬
Geothermal ‫طاقة حرارية ارضية‬ Productive )‫منتج (غزير االنتاج‬
Incredible ‫ال يصدق‬ Springs ‫ينابيع – عيون‬
Oasis ‫واحة‬ Capture ‫ياسر – يستحوذ على‬
Oases ‫واحات‬ Cooperation ‫تعاون‬
Production ‫انتاج‬ Lighting ‫اضاءة – نور‬
Partner ‫شريك‬ Bury ‫يدفن‬
Price ‫سعر‬ Conclusion ‫خاتمة – استنتاج‬
Survey ‫استطالع راى‬ Raw materials ‫مواد خام‬
Blades ‫شفرات‬ Unpaid ‫غير مدفوع – مجانى‬

Words and their antonyms:

Increase ‫ يزداد‬/ ‫ زيادة‬Decrease ‫ ينقص‬/ ‫نقص‬

Import ‫ يستورد‬Export ‫ُيصدر‬
Renewable ‫ متجدد‬Non- ‫غير متجدد‬
renewable
Include ‫ يشمل‬Exclude ‫يستبعد‬
Active ‫ نشيط‬Inactive ‫غير نشيط‬
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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 3
Full ‫ممتلئ‬ Empty ‫فارغ‬
Clockwise ‫في اتجاه عقارب الساعة‬ anticlockwise ‫عكس اتجاه عقارب الساعة‬
Turn on ‫ُيشغل‬ Turn off ‫يوقف‬
Deep ‫عميق‬ Shallow ‫ضحل‬

Prepositions and Expression:

Pump to the surface ‫ يضخ إلي السطح‬On the earth's ‫علي سطح األرض‬
surface
Below the earth's ‫ تحت سطح األرض‬In molten form ‫في شكل منصهر‬
surface
Be connected to ‫ متصل بـ‬Come up ‫يصعد ألعلي‬
In other ways ‫ بطرق أخري‬Turn into ‫يتحول إلي‬
Do without = dispense ‫ يستغني عن‬Rely on = depend ‫يعتمد علي‬
with on
Last for ‫ يستمر لمدة‬Dangerous to ‫خطير علي‬
Instead of ‫ بدال من‬Afford to + inf. ‫لديه ما يكفي من المال‬
‫لـ‬
Make use of ‫ يستغل‬/ ‫ يستفيد من‬Develop new َ
‫يطور أشكاال جديدة من‬
forms of
Do a survey into ‫ يقوم بدراسة أو‬At the weekend ‫في عطلة نهاية‬
‫استطالع رأي في‬ ‫األسبوع‬
At a high speed ‫ بسرعة عالية‬Be produced from ‫ُين ًتج من‬
Supply .. with ‫بـ‬.. ‫ ُيزود‬Go through ‫يمر من خالل‬
Along the Red Sea ‫ بمحاذاة البحر األحمر‬Sail ships ‫ُيوجه أو ُيسير السفن‬
Generate electricity ‫ ُيولد الكهرباء‬Take part in ‫يشارك في‬
Something goes ‫ خطأ أو عطل يحدث في‬Along the ‫علي طول الطريق‬
wrong with motorway ‫السريع‬
Connect to the ‫ يتصل باالنترنت‬In this way ‫وبهذه الطريقة‬
internet
Drive on the road ‫ يقود السيارة علي‬All over the world
‫الطريق‬
Useful for drivers ‫ مفيد للسائقين‬forward ‫ ُيرسل‬/ ‫لألمام‬
Energy – saving ‫ عادات توفير الطاقة‬Increase by ‫يزيد بنسبة‬
habits
Use up ‫يستهلك‬ Instead of ‫بدال من‬
Piped to ‫يضج فى انابيب الى‬ Go through ‫يمر من خالل‬

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 3

Irregular Verbs:

buy/bought/bought ‫يشتري‬ come/came/come ‫يأتي‬

cast/cast/cast ‫ يوزع‬/‫يرمي‬/‫يلقي‬ cost/cost/cost ‫يكلف‬
catch/caught/caught ‫يلحق بـ‬/‫يمسك‬ creep/crept/crept ‫يزحف‬
choose/chose/chosen ‫يختار‬ cut/cut/cut ‫يقطع‬
cling/clung/clung (to) ‫يتعلق بـ‬ deal/dealt/dealt (with) ‫يتعامل‬

Derivatives:

Liquefy ‫ُيحول لسائل‬ Liquid ‫السائل‬ Liquid ‫في شكل سائل‬

Renew ‫ُيجدد‬ Renewal ‫تجديد‬ Renewable ‫متجدد‬
Melt ‫ ينصهر‬/ ‫يذوب‬ Melting ‫ ذوبان‬/ ‫انصهار‬ Molten ‫منصهر‬
Energize ‫يمنح طاقة‬ Energy ‫الطاقة‬ Energetic ‫ مليء‬/ ‫نشيط‬
‫بالطاقة‬
Depend ‫يعتمد‬ Dependence ‫اعتماد‬ Dependent ‫تابع‬/‫ عالة‬/ ‫معتمد‬
Endanger ‫ُيعرض للخطر‬ Danger ‫خطر‬ Dangerous ‫خطير‬
Produce ‫ُينتج‬ Production ‫إنتاج‬ Productive ‫ إنتاجي‬/ ‫منتج‬
Reduce ‫ُيقلل‬ Reduction ‫ تقليل‬/ ‫خفض‬ Reduced ‫ُمخفض‬
Know ‫يعرف‬ Knowledge ‫المعرفة‬ Knowledgeable ‫لديه معرفة‬
‫واطالع‬

Words that go together:

Mass media ‫ وسائل اإلعالم‬Job opportunities ‫فرص عمل‬

Make achievements ‫ يحقق انجازات‬Natural resources ‫موارد طبيعية‬
Developing ‫ الدول النامية‬Desert ‫استصالح الصحراء‬
countries reclamation
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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 3
Developed ‫ الدول المتطورة‬An urgent ‫حل عاجل لـ‬
countries solution to
Press conference ‫ مؤتمر صحفي‬Press agency ‫وكالة أنباء‬
Under pressure ‫ تحت ضغط‬Nuclear ‫نزع السالح النووي‬
disarmament
Nuclear weapons ‫ أسلحة نووية‬Nuclear reactor ‫مفاعل نووي‬
Nuclear fission ‫ انشطار نووي‬Nuclear waste ‫النفايات النووية‬
Melting point ‫ نقطة االنصهار‬Boiling point ‫نقطة الغليان‬
Drive machines ‫ ُيشغل اآلالت‬Supply and ‫العرض و الطلب‬
demand
Reduce pollution ‫ ُيقلل التلوث‬Disrupt traffic ‫ُيعطل المرور‬

Read the following passage carefully:

Nothing can live without energy. People, animals and plants need energy to live
and machines need energy to work. Today, most of the energy we use still comes
from fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas, which have been formed underground over
millions of years. We call these non-renewable forms of energy because they can
only be used once. Because of this, we need to reduce our use of non-renewable
fuels and use more renewable forms of energy like those from the sun, wind or
geothermal energy.
For centuries, the wind has been used to sail ships and to pump water. Now it is
used to produce electricity. Groups of wind turbines along to the Red Sea in Egypt
generate large amounts of electricity. Water is also a renewable form of energy.
Huge quantities of water go through the High Dam at Aswan from lake Nasser.
This hydroelectric power supplies Egypt with a lot of its electricity. As well as
being inexpensive to produce, this clean energy does not pollute the environment.
Other countries depend on nuclear power- power produced when atoms split.
However, nuclear power produces dangerous waste which must be stored for
thousands of years before it is safe. Accidents at nuclear power stations are
extremely dangerous to people’s health and to the environment.
Energy from the sun is probably the best form of renewable energy. Scientists
believe that the sun’s energy will last for another five billion years. This energy
can now be captured and stored.
It is important for us to save energy in our homes and workplaces in order to stop
using up non-renewable sources of energy.

Definitions:
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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 3

liquid A substance such as water which flows, and is not solid or a gas
molten Molten metal or rock is liquid because it is extremely hot.
nuclear using the energy that is produced when an atom is split or joined to
another atom
pipe (v.) to send a liquid or gas through a pipe to another place
power a building where electricity is made
station
pressure The force that a liquid or gas has when it is inside a container or
place; the force produced when pressing against something.
Coal is a black fossil fuel from underground.
Atom the smallest part that a substance can be divided into
fossil (fuel) fuel made from animals or plants that lived millions of years ago
generate to produce electricity, power, heat, etc.
hydroelectric using water power to produce electricity
Waste Materials that are left after you have used something, which you
want to get rid of because you no longer need them.
wind turbine A tall structure with parts that are turned by the wind, used for
making electricity.

Language Notes:

*run out (of) ‫يستنفد – ينضب‬

run on ‫يستمر – يتواصل – يدور ب‬
run into ‫يصطدم ب – يتلقى مصادفة‬
use up ‫يستنفد‬

*molten ‫منصهر (مع الصخور) – مذوب بالحرارة العالية‬

Melt )‫يذوب – ينحل (معادن‬
dissolve )‫يذوب (يذيب فى سائل مثل السكر و الملح‬

*other than ‫بخالف – غير‬

rather than ‫بدال من – افضل من – اكثر من‬

*lie – lied – lied ‫يقع – يوجد‬

lie to ‫يكذب على شخص‬
lie about ‫يكذب بخصوص شىء‬
lie – lay – lain ‫ يرقد‬- ‫ينام‬
lay – laid – laid

*energy ‫الطاقة هى القدرة على ان تقوم بعمل بدون تعب‬

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 3
Power ‫قوة محركة – شدة – سلطة – نفوذ‬

*Let + ‫ مفعول‬+ inf )‫يسمح يدع (بعدها المصدر‬

Allow + ‫ مفعول‬+ to + inf ‫يسمح – يدع‬

:‫ ُتستخدم مقاطع معينة لنفي الكلمات أو عكسها مثل‬

 Non-
Renewable Non-renewable Smoker Non-smoker Alcoholic Non-alcoholic
Violent Non=violent Verbal Non-verbal Polluting Non-polluting
 Un-
Happy Unhappy Fortunate Unfortunate Usual Unusual
Luck Unlucky Lock Unlock Dress Undress
 In-
Convenient Inconvenient Effective Ineffective Efficient Inefficient
Sensitive Insensitive Expensive Inexpensive Complete Incomplete
 Dis-
Appear Disappear Agree Disagree Approve Disapprove
Honest Dishonest Connect Disconnect Like Dislike
 il-
Logical Illogical Legal Illegal Legible Illegible
Legitimate Illegitimate Literate Illiterate
 Ir-
Responsible Irresponsible Regular Irregular Resistible Irresistible
Relevant Irrelevant Rational Irrational

‫ وليس العكس‬very valuable ‫ معناها‬invaluable ‫الحظ أن كلمة‬

‫ لهما نفس المعني وهو "قابل لالشتعال" أما العكس‬inflammable ‫ و‬flammable ‫وأن كلمة‬
non-flammable ‫فهو‬
Like / enjoy ----------------best/most
► Which school subject do you like most? ► I like English best.

Most = nearly all / almost all

Most students passed the test. = Nearly all students passed the test

most = very  I'm most interested in languages.

the most + adj.  The computer is the most important invention in

the 20th century.

Make the most of = ‫يحقق أقصي استفادة من‬

 He gave me advice on how to make the most of my computer.
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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 3

Special (= not ordinary) ‫ متميز‬/‫من نوع خاص‬

Special care ‫ رعاية خاصة‬, special attention ‫اهتمام خاص‬
The government gives special care to reclaiming the desert.
This is a special kind of cloth.

private ‫( تفيد الملكية‬opposite: public ‫)عام‬

a private school ‫مدرسة خاصة‬ a private hospital ‫مستشفي خاص‬
This is my private life. You have no right to interfere.‫يتدخل‬.

What ‫ واالسم بعد‬How ‫الحظ استخدام صفة بعد‬

● How + adj. = What + n. ● How old …? = What age…?
● How tall…? = What height…? ‫ارتفاع‬/‫ما طول‬ ● How long…? = What length…?
● How big…? = What size…? ● How wide…? = What
width…?
● How far …? = What distance …? ● How high…? = What
height…? ‫ما ارتفاع‬

 another + ‫ اسم مفرد يعد‬/ one (= one more / a different one)

► This tea is nice. I’d like another cup.
► He lost his job. He’s trying to find another one.

 another + (few / number : two, three,….)

► The woman lived for another ten days.
► I’d like to stay here for another few weeks.

 other + )‫ (و أحيانا اسم ال يعد‬/‫اسم جمع يعد‬

► I need to discuss this with other colleagues.
► There was certainly other information. ( ‫)ال تجمع‬

 others + v. ‫يمكن أن تأتى في نهاية الجملة‬

► Some people are rich; others‫ البعض األخر‬are poor.
► Some writers are greater than others‫ اآلخرين‬.
the / some / every / each / many / any / no / (two, ‫في حالة وجود أحد الكلمات اآلتية‬
: other ‫ يستخدم بعدها‬three,..)
► Please, John, bring the other chairs here. ► I love my son like any other
mother does.
► He gave me one book and kept the other one.
► Steven and three other boys went to the party.

 As well as + v. + ing.
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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 3
► As well as doing the shopping, he visited some friends.
 It doesn't matter + what / who / why /who /when etc. + ‫جملة‬
► It doesn't matter what you wear, as long as you look neat and tidy.

 Stop + someone / something from + ing.

►This device stops drivers from driving too fast.

Words often confused:

۩ Find / found / found ‫يجد‬ ۩ Found / founded / founded ‫يؤسس‬

 Researchers are hoping to find a cure for the disease.
 The town was founded by English settlers.
 Their marriage was founded on love and mutual respect. ‫االحترام المتبادل‬

۩ molten )‫والصخور‬
َ ‫منصهر ( ُت ستخدم مع المواد التي تنصهر عند درجة حرارة عالية جدا مثل المعادن‬

۩ melted / ‫ منصهر‬/ ‫غير متجمد‬ melted chocolate / melted butter

۩ use ‫يستخدم‬ ۩ use up ‫ يستنفد‬/ ‫يستهلك‬ ۩ used ‫مستعمل‬

 Can I use your phone?.
 We used up all the sugar. We need to buy some.  He bought a used
car.

۩ leave )‫ُيغادر (مكان‬ ۩ leave for ‫ يذهب إلي‬/ ‫ُيغادر متجها إلي‬
 He left the house by the back door.
 He left for London yesterday.

۩ arrive (I) ‫يصل‬  Your letter arrived yesterday.  She was the last to
arrive.
۩ arrive in (Cairo, London, Italy) ‫ دولة‬/ ‫ عاصمة‬/ ‫يصل إلي مدينة كبيرة‬
 We arrived in New York at 6 p.m.
۩ arrive at (school / the station/ the airport…)
 We arrived at school early.
۩ reach (T) + ‫ مفعول‬ We reached New York at 6 p.m.‫ال يستخدم معها حرف جر‬
۩ reach a decision ‫يصل لقرار‬/ a conclusion ‫يتوصل لنتيجة‬
 They were unable to reach a decision.
:‫ مالحظات عامة علي األسماء‬
:‫ إلي نهاية الكلمة‬s ‫ ُيجمع االسم عادة بإضافة حرف‬
● room rooms cat cats book books
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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 3
:o/ss/sh / ch / x / z ‫ إذا انتهي االسم بأحد الحروف اآلتية‬
● tomato tomatoes watch watches boss
bosses
:‫ ولكن الحظ‬
Piano pianos photo photos
، ‫ أما إذا سبقها حرف متحرك‬ies ‫ونضيف‬ y ‫ يسبقه حرف ساكن نحذف حرف‬y ‫ االسم المنتهي بحرف‬
: ‫ فقط‬s ‫نضيف‬

● baby babies lady ladies boy boys

s ‫ حيث ُتجمعا بإضافة‬cliff / handkerchief ‫ ما عدا‬ves ‫ تحذف ونضيف‬f / fe ‫ االسم المنتهي بـ‬

● wife wives shelf shelves thief thieves

:‫ هناك أسماء لها مؤنث ومذكر مثل‬
● waiter waitress actor actress poet poetess

Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular plural

Oasis ‫واحة‬ Oases Crisis ‫أزمة‬ Crises Phenomena ‫ظاهرة‬Phenomenon
Basis ‫أساس‬ Bases Child Children Man Men
Woman Women Foot Feet Tooth Teeth
Mouse Mice Goose Geese Person people

:‫ الحظ الجمع الشاذ لألسماء اآلتية‬

Exercises on vocabulary and language notes:

Choose the correct answer:

1- Nothing can live (with – of – without – about) energy.
2- The sun's energy will (lost – least – last – lease) for another five
billion years.
3- It is (silly – ridiculous – important – inessential) for us to save energy
in our homes and workplaces.
4- (Hydroelectric – Solar – Wind – Lunar) power supplies Egypt with a
lot of its electricity.
5- Most of the energy we use today comes from (fission – split – fossil –
electric) fuels like coal, oil and gas.
6- Coal, oil and gas are (durable – renewable – arable – non renewable)
forms of energy.

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 3
7- Coal, oil and gas have been (formed – framed – famed – fried)
underground over millions of years.
8- As well as (is – are – be – being) inexpensive, hydroelectric power
does not pollute the environment.
9- Nuclear power is produced when atoms (spit – spelt – split – spilt).
10- Accidents at nuclear power stations are extremely (safe – dangerous
– useful – pleasant).
11- We should all try to stop using (on – for – to – up) non-renewable
sources of energy.
12- For centuries, the wind has been used to (sell – sail – steal – stay)
ships.
13- Machines need energy to (work – spend – spoil – strike).
14- Non-renewable forms of energy can only be used (twice – three times
– once – forever).
15- It takes (more – the same – less – too much) energy to reuse
materials than to make new ones.
16- Wind (turbines – machines – devices – instruments) can generate
electricity.
17- We get energy from the (cold – heat – ice – water) inside the earth.
18- Below the earth, the pressure is so great that rocks are (frozen – solid
– molten – cold).
19- (Geothermal – Geographical – Biographical – Geological) energy is
better for the environment than energy produced by traditional power stations.
20- We need to increase our use of renewable forms of energy because
we are running (into – away – out of – down) fossil fuels.

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write

them correctly:

1- Hydroelectric power does not pollinate the environment.

2- We should make greater use of the sun as a frame of energy in the future.
3- If you need another information, please call me.
4- Fossil fuels are founded under the ground.
5- Scientists are looking for other series of energy.
6- Geophysical energy is the energy we get from the heat inside the earth.
7- Doctors are under increasing pleasure to work longer hours.
8- We used for all the bread. Could you buy some when you go out?
9- A lot of countries depend of nuclear power.
10- I have a bath every another day.

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 3

Present Simple: Active and Passive

: ‫ يستخدم للتعبير عن حدث متكرر أو عادة‬

Scientists do experiments in laboratories. Insects harm crops.
: ‫يستخدم للتعبير عن حقيقة‬
Water freezes to ice at a temperature of 0°C. The sun rises in the east.
: ‫ يستخدم المضارع البسيط في حالة طلب أو إعطاء التعليمات و االتجاهات‬
How do I get to the station? You go straight on, then you turn left.
: he / she / it ‫ للفعل مع‬s/es ‫ عادة يضاف‬
visit visits watch watches
. To Be ‫) قبل كل األفعال و بعد‬adverbs of frequency( ‫تستخدم الظروف الدالة علي التكرار‬
:‫و الظروف الدالة علي التكرار هي‬
never / rarely = seldom / not often / sometimes = occasionally / often=
frequently /usually / always
I always brush my teeth before I go to bed. She often plays the piano.
‫ تأتي إما في بداية الجملة أو نهايتها‬adverbs of time‫الظروف الدالة علي الزمن‬
We play tennis every Friday. Every Friday we play tennis.
: ‫ كفعلـ أساسي‬do ‫ الحظ استخدام فعل‬
 He does his homework once a week. How often does he do his homework?
: ‫ في حالة نفي المضارع‬don't / doesn't ‫ تستخدم‬
 He studies hard. He doesn't study hard.
: ‫ و يمكن أن يستخدم المضارع البسيط مع الظروف الدالة علي الزمن و الكلمات اآلتية‬
ever / generally / nowadays / on Mondays, on Tuesdays / twice a year /
every week , day, year, summer…..
Do you ever go to school on Friday? She frequently visits the Pyramids.
: ‫ في حالة السؤال عن المضارع البسيط ويكون الفعل في المصدر‬do / does ‫ تستخدم‬
Do you speak English? Does she play tennis?

am / is / are + PP. ‫المضارع البسيط في صيغة المبنى‬

‫للمجهول‬

Somebody cleans this room every day. This room is cleaned every day.

‫األفعال التي ال يأتي معها مفعول ال ُتستخدم في المبني للمجهول مثل‬:

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 3
Camp, roar, appear, arrive, begin, break, come, cough, decrease, die,
disappear, drown, fall, go, happen, increase, laugh, lie, matter, rain,
rise, sneeze, snow, stop, swim, wait, work."

Heat and light come from the sun. A strange thing happened
yesterday.
:‫۩ الحظ صياغة األسئلة التالية في المضارع البسيط‬
۩ Where do you come from? = Which country do you come from? ‫للسؤال‬
‫عن الجنسية‬
I come from England/ Italy…
۩ What's your nationality? ‫ جنسية‬I'm English/ Italian.
۩ What do you do? = What's your job? = What do you do for a living?
I'm a teacher.
۩ Where do you live? = What's your address?
15 Lincoln Street, New York.

: ‫يستخدم المضارع البسط (أو المضارع التام) بعد الروابط اآلتية والفعلـ الثاني يكون مستقبل أو أمر‬

After / Before / When / As soon as / the moment /till / until + ‫مضارع بسيط‬
‫أو مضارع تام‬

 After I write the letter, I’ll go out.

 Before he goes to bed, he will have dinner.
 As soon as she has received the fax, she will travel to Rangoon.
We’ll leave the moment we get the car fixed.
 She won’t go to the bank until she gets the cheque..

 First she will take some exercise. Then she will use the computer.
(After/Before/until)
After she finishes the book, she will lend it to me.
Before she uses the computer, she will take some exercise.
She won’t use the computer until she takes some exercise.
: ‫ الحظ أنه يمكن استخدام فعل أمر بدال من المستقبل البسيط‬
 After you finish your work, call me.  Before you go to bed, turn off
the lights.

Present Continuous Tense

:‫ التكوين‬
Am/ is / are + v. +ing

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 3
‫ الكلمات الدالة عليه‬:
now / at the moment / look! / Listen! / at present
She is playing the piano now. I am writing a report at the
moment.
:‫ الحظ عدم استخدام هذه األفعال في األزمنة المستمرة‬

love ‫ يحب‬like ‫ يحب‬hate ‫ يكره‬prefer ‫يفضل‬

want ‫ يريد‬need ‫ يحتاج‬deserv ‫ يستحق‬suppose ‫يفترض‬
e
mean ‫ يعنى‬understa ‫ يفهم‬believe ‫ يصدق‬rememb ‫يتذكر‬
nd er
contain ‫ يحوى‬consist ‫ يتكون‬know ‫ يعرف‬belong ‫يخص‬
see ‫ يرى‬hear ‫ يسمع‬smell ‫ يشم‬taste ‫يكون لها‬
‫مذاق‬
Recogni ‫ يتعرف على‬realize ‫ يدرك‬surpris ‫ يفاجئ‬astonish ‫يدهش‬
ze e
seem ‫ يبدو‬possess ‫ يمتلك‬own ‫ يمتلك‬depend ‫يعتمد‬
concern ‫يتعلق بـ‬/‫ يهم‬matter ‫ يهم‬lack ‫ ينقص‬owe ‫يدين‬
weigh ‫ يزن‬measure ‫ يقيس‬agree ‫ يوافق‬be

think ‫ يعتقد‬Notice ‫ يالحظ‬forgive ‫يسامح‬

، ‫ بعض األفعال الواردة في الجدول السابق لها معني آخر مختلف واذا جاءت في الجملة بهذا المعني‬
:‫يمكن استخدامها في المضارع المستمر‬
I'm thinking of going out tonight. She is seeing her doctor this
afternoon.
They are having lunch at the moment. She is tasting the soup to see if it
is ready.
:‫ في حالة السؤال عن المضارع المستمر‬
Is she doing the homework now?
Are they painting the house at the moment?
‫ معني الجملة أحيانا يدل علي المضارع المستمر‬
► Hurry up! We are all waiting for you.
► Be quiet. I am studying my lessons.

:‫ يمكن أن ُيستخدما في المضارع المستمر أو المضارع البسيط‬feel / hurt ‫ الفعالن‬-5

►How do you feel? / How are you feeling?
►My head hurts. / My head is hurting.

am / is / are + being + PP. ‫المضارع المستمر في صيغة المبنى للمجهول‬

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 3
Somebody is cleaning the room. =The room is being cleaned.

: ee ‫ إال إذا انتهي الفعل بـ‬ing ‫ قبل إضافة‬e ‫ الحظ حذف حرف‬
invite inviting write writing
: ‫ بمعني يصبغ‬dye ‫ ويشذ عن ذلك فعل‬
She is dyeing her hair.
‫ األفعال ذات المقطع الواحد وتنتهي بحرف ساكن يسبقه متحرك ُنضاعف فيها الحرف األخير قبل إضافة‬
: ing
hit hitting sit sitting dig digging run
running
They are digging a well at the moment.
: :ing ‫ والحظ أيضا مضاعفة الحرف األخير في األفعال اآلتية قبل إضافة‬
prefer preferring refer referring begin beginning

Exercises on Grammar:

Choose the correct answer:

1- In many countries, the wind (use – uses – is using – is used) to

generate electricity.
2- Scientists (want – wants – are wanting – are being wanted) to find
more forms of renewable energy.
3- Huge amounts of electricity (is produced – produce – are produced –
are producing) in nuclear power stations.
4- Holes (drill – is drilled – will drill – are drilled) into the earth to find hot
water.
5- In some cities, rubbish (burn – burns – is burnt – is burring) to
produce electricity.
6- Water (heat – is heated – are heated – is heating) to turn it into
steam.
7- The steam (is piped – pipes – is piping – are piped) to a power
station.
8- Electricity (produces – is producing – is produced – produce) from the
water in the power station.
9- Electricity is sometimes (to make – making – makes – made) from
wind turbines.
10- In many parts of the world, wood (burns – is burnt – is burning – to
burn) to heat people's homes.
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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 3

Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write them
correctly:
1- I'm thinking he is English.
2- Water is boiling at 100 °C.
3- He can't speak to you just now. He has a shower.
4- Is this watch belonging to Ahmed?
5- Oil finds far beneath the earth.
6- Are you wanting to speak to him now?
7- How often is she going to the club?
8- What is your father doing? –He's an engineer.
9- Wood uses to make paper.
10- My office cleans every day.

Language Functions:

Asking for information ‫السؤال عن معلومات‬ Giving information ‫إعطاء معلومات‬

Excuse me, could I ask you some Yes, of course.
questions about..?
Can / Could you tell me .........? Yes, that's fine..
Do you know anything about.......? Yes, certainly.
Does that mean ..........? I'd rather not answer that question.
‫في حالة عدم الرغبة في اإلجابة عن سؤال‬
Thank you for your time. (You're welcome ‫)في حالة الرد‬
How do you usually (go to school)? I usually …
What does "…" mean? It means.. / You can look it up in the
dictionary.

Test on Unit 3

A- Language Functions
1- Respond to the following situations:

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 3
1- You are doing a survey about energy in your town. You would like to ask
someone some questions. Explain the situation.
2- You want to know about a friend's energy-saving habits. What do you ask?
3- You hear someone use a word you do not understand. The word is
"hydroelectric". What do you ask?
4- Someone asks you how you usually travel to school every day. How do you
reply?

2- Say where these mini-dialogues take place and who the

speakers are: (June, 2008)
1. A. How old is this mummy? --------------------- : Place
B. It's about 4000 years old. Speaker A: ---------------
Speaker B : ---------------
Function : ----------------
2- A: How would you like to pay for this suit, sir?
B: By credit card
--------------------- : Place
A: Well. Shall I put it in a bag for you, sir?
Speaker A: ---------------
B: Yes, please.
Speaker B : ---------------
Function : ----------------

B- Vocabulary and Structure

3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d
1. You send a liquid or gas through a (pipe – hole – type – bump) to move it to
another place.
2. Electricity is produced in a (tower – Flour – Power – Sour) station.
3. (Pressure – Friction – Treasure – Leisure) is the force produced when two
things push against each other.
4. (Diesel – Oil – Petrol – Coal) is a hard black fossil fuel from underground.
5. When atoms are split, (nuclear – hydroelectric – solar – biological) energy is
produced.
6. If you make rock or metal very hot, it becomes (melted – solidified – frozen –
molten).
7. Water is the (liquid – gaseous – solid - hard) form of ice.
8. Water passing through a dam produces (atmospheric – phosphoric –
hydroelectric - prehistoric) power.
9. The buses (are running – runs – run – running) less frequently on Sundays.
10- He usually (gets – is getting – has got – to get) home about 6 o'clock.
11- Your health (has been - is – had been – are) generally good, but you do
have a few minor problems.
12- He (waters – has watered – is watering – had watered) at the
moment.
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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 3
13-As soon as he (gets – had got – will get – is getting) the cheque, he
will pay his debt.
14-I (understood - understand – am understanding – was understanding)
everything now.
15-After he (do – is doing – has done – had done) the shopping, he will visit
a friend.
16-Trees are sometimes (blow – blew – blown – blows) down in the night.

4- Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write

them correctly:
1- She is being in London now.
2- His house is heating by the sun.
3- We are used petrol in our cars.
4- Wind turbines along the Red Sea in Egypt exaggerate large amounts
of electricity.
5- Nuclear power produces dangerous waist.
6- Energy from the sun is the best form of readable energy.

C-Reading Comprehension
5- Read the following passage then answer the questions: (June,
2008)
Picture the scene: a young woman is walking to her car in a multi - storey
car park late at night. Suddenly, a man jumps out at her from behind a column.
She performs some fancy moves, kicks him and while he is on the floor, she
jumps into her car and drives away unharmed.
This scenario should teach you three important things: real life is nothing
like in films; never walk alone at night whether you are a man or a woman, and
most importantly use your brain and not your body to defend yourself against an
attack.
Staying safe is all about not putting yourself in a dangerous situation. Avoid
a potential attack before it happens by using your common sense. This means
don't go out alone at night, stay in well lit areas, make sure someone always
knows where you are, walk with confidence and carry a mobile phone with you.
Basically, don't make yourself a target. Attackers look for people who are
vulnerable.
If you do find yourself in a dangerous situation, where you are being
threatened, try and defuse it. That is, try not to make the situation worse by trying
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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 3
to fight. The best defence is to remove yourself from the situation. Calmly walk
away, run as fast as you can, or eventually you can use your force.
A. Answer the following questions:
1. What is the writer's purpose in writing this text ?
2. What precautions should we take to avoid dangerous situations ?
3. What does the writer mean by: "common sense"
4. How should a person react when he feels threatened ?

B. Choose the correct answer:

5- Attackers look for people who -------------------.
a) have mobile phones. b) are confident.
c) are aware of their surroundings. d) are easy targets.
6- You may use your physical force -----------------------.
a) at the beginning of the attack b) as a second solution
c) at the end of the attack d) after you run away
7- A person who is unable to protect himself is ----------------------.
a) potential b) lazy c) defenseless d) unharmed
6- Read the following passage and then answer the questions:
It was a very foggy day in London. Mr. Smith arrived from Edinburgh
to go to a very important meeting, but no buses or taxis were running because of
the fog. It was nine o'clock and his meeting was at ten, so he thought he would
walk to the office where it was going to be. But nobody was even trying to walk
anywhere.

While he was standing there, a young man came up to him and said, "Sir, if
you want to go somewhere, I can guide you."
Mr. Smith was surprised and said, "How can you find the way in this fog?"
"Don't worry, sir," answered the man. So Mr. Smith told the young man where he
wanted to go. They walked quite fast. At last Mr. Smith thought, "Perhaps this
man is mad, or a thief." But a minute later, the young man stopped and said,
"Here is the place, sir." Mr. Smith was surprised to find that he reached the office.
He gave the young man a pound and then said, "How did you find the way in the
fog?"
"I'm blind, sir," answered the young man, "but I know London well, and it is
exactly the same in the fog"
Answer the following questions:
1- Why couldn't Mr. Smith find a bus or taxi?
2- What do you think of the blind man?
3- What does the underlined word it refer to?
Choose the correct answer:
4- The meeting was going to be in (Edinburgh – Scotland – London – Glasgow).

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 3
5- Mr. Smith rewarded the blind man by (walking with him – giving him money –
thinking he was mad – telling him a funny story).

D- Writing
8- Write a paragraph of about 100 words on the following subject: (June,
2008)
The various ways through which people can keep good health and fitness

9- A)Translate into Arabic: (June, 2008)

Most of the energy we use today comes from coal, oil and gas. But these will
not last forever, and burning them is slowly harming the environment. So we
need to look for other ways of supplying energy.

B) Translate into English:

. ‫ تستخدم الطاقة الشمسية لتوليد الكهرباء فى بعض محطات الطاقة العمالقة‬.a

.‫ ان الماء مصدر مهم للطاقة الكهرومائية فهى رخيصة كما اتها ال تلوث البيئة‬.b

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