Hello! 3rd year Sec.

– Unit 4

UNIT 4
Vocabulary:

competition ‫ منافسة‬/ ‫ مسابقة‬old fashioned ‫ غير مساير‬/ ‫بطل استعماله‬ ُ

‫للموضة‬
routine ‫ معتاد‬/ ‫روتين‬ Custom ‫عادة‬
develop ‫ ينمي‬/ ‫يُطور‬ District ‫ مقاطعة‬/ ‫ منطقة‬/ ‫حي سكني‬
establish ‫ يؤسس‬/ ‫ يُرسخ‬/ ‫يُثبت‬ Law ‫القانون‬
pioneer ‫رائد‬ Style ‫أسلوب‬
interpret ‫يُفسر‬ documentary ‫فيلم وثائقي أو تسجيلي‬
national ‫ وطني‬/ ‫قومي‬ Average ‫متوسط‬
Insist ‫يُصـر‬ attachments ‫مرفقات‬
midday ‫منتصف اليوم‬ Publisher ‫ناشر‬
syllable )‫مقطع (في كلمة‬ Race ‫سباق‬
exactly ‫ تماما‬/ ‫بالضبط‬ Sound ‫يبدو‬
initiative ‫مبادرة‬ immigration ‫الهجرة‬
collection ‫مجموعة‬ diplomat (n) ‫دبلوماسيـ‬
diplomacy ‫الدبلوماسية‬ diplomatic (adj.) ‫دبلوماسيـ‬
Fiction ‫األدب القصصي‬ Article ‫مقالة‬
political ‫سياسي‬ Report ‫تقرير‬
a politician (n) ‫سياسي‬ a lawyer ‫محامي‬
literature ‫األدب‬ Excellent ‫ممتاز‬
devastate ‫يُدمر‬ Destroy ‫يُدمر‬
graduate ‫ خريج‬/ ‫يتخرج‬ graduation ‫التخرج‬
the Arab World ‫العالم العربي‬ the Middle East ‫الشرق األوسط‬
the Far East ‫الشرق األقصى‬ Disability ‫إعاقة‬
disaster ‫كارثة‬ catastrophe ‫كارثة‬
Collect ‫يجمع‬ Postman ‫ساعي البريد‬
poverty ‫الفقر‬ Suffering ‫المعاناة‬
illiteracy ‫األمية‬ Despair ‫اليأس‬
Readily ‫ حاال‬/ ‫بسهولة‬ respected ‫يحظي باالحترام‬
Arab society ‫المجتمع العربي‬ a sports teacher ‫مدرس ألعاب‬
Turkish ‫تركي‬ Italian ‫ايطالي‬
Russian ‫روسي‬ Support ‫يؤيد‬
regard = ‫يعتبر‬ travel agent ‫وكيل سياحيـ‬
consider
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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 4
tour guide ‫مرشد سياحي‬ a film = a movie ‫فيلم‬
book fair ‫معرض كتاب‬ cultural festival ‫مهرجان ثقافي‬
Culture ‫الثقافة‬ civilization ‫الحضارة‬
traditional ‫تقليدي‬ a respected ‫مكانة أو وظيفة محترمة‬
position
a product ‫مُنتج‬ organisation ‫ مؤسسة‬/ ‫منظمة‬
Rules ‫قواعد‬ Values ‫قيم‬
a particular area ‫منطقة معينة‬ Period ‫فترة‬
Usage ‫استخدام‬ Reinforce ‫ يعززـ‬/ ‫ يُدعم‬/ ‫يُقوي‬
encounter ‫ يواجه‬/ ‫يقابل‬ Handle ‫يتعامل مع‬
Tools ‫أدوات‬ Skills ‫مهارات‬
flexible ‫مرن‬ challenges ‫تحديات‬
Author ‫مؤلف‬ Obey ‫يُطيع‬
Competitive ‫تنافسى‬ Respected ‫محترم‬
Routinely ‫بطريقة روتينية‬ Support ‫يدعم – يساند‬
Stylish ‫انيق‬ Clerk ‫موظف – كاتب‬
Poetry ‫شعر‬ Journalism ‫صحافة‬
.believe ‫مؤمن‬ Management ‫ادارة‬
Improvement ‫تحسين – تطويرـ‬ Century )‫ عام‬100( ‫قرن‬
Athletics ‫العاب القوى‬ Editor ‫محرر‬
The disabled ‫المعاقون‬ Transplant ‫نقل (زرع) عضو‬

Words and their antonyms:

old-fashioned ‫ غير مساير للموضة‬/ ‫قديم‬ modern / fashionable ‫ مساير للموضة‬/ ‫حديث‬
Lawful ‫ شرعي‬/ ‫قانونيـ‬ unlawful ‫غير شرعي‬/ ‫غير قانونيـ‬
customary ‫ معتاد‬/ ‫تقليدي‬ Unusual ‫غير معتاد‬
Simple ‫بسيط‬ complicated ‫معقد‬
Detest ‫يكره‬ Love ‫يحب‬
support ‫يؤيد‬ Oppose ‫يعارض‬
thoughtful ‫مراع لمشاعر اآلخرين‬ thoughtless ‫غير مراع لمشاعر اآلخرين‬
considerate ‫مراع لمشاعر اآلخرين‬ inconsiderate ‫غير مراع لمشاعر اآلخرين‬
familiar ‫مألوف‬ unfamiliar ‫غير مألوف‬
flexible ‫مرن‬ inflexible ‫غير مرن‬
experienced ‫ذو خبرة‬ inexperienced ‫بال خبرة‬

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 4

Prepositions and Expressions:

at midday ‫في منتصف اليوم‬ at midnight ‫في منتصف الليل‬

at night ‫في الليل‬ at dawn ‫في الفجر‬
in the ‫في‬
morning/evening/afte ‫بعد‬/‫المساء‬/‫الصباح‬ it gave me a headache ‫سبب لي صداعا‬
rnoon ‫الظهر‬
‫سعيد بـ‬type something onto the ‫يقوم بكتابة شيء علي‬
happy with
computer ‫الكمبيوترـ‬
an expert in/on/at ‫ خبير في‬establish himself as ‫يحقق لنفسه مكانة كـ‬
make a story into a ‫يحول قصة إلي فيلم‬
translate into ‫يُترجم إلي‬
film
‫ مؤمن بـ‬the father of the modern
a believer in ‫رائد الرواية الحديثة‬
novel
‫له نفس صفات أو مزايا‬
know a lot about ‫ يعرف الكثير عن‬be typical of
‫كذا‬
‫يقدم نموذج أو قدوة لـ‬ ‫مشارك لآلخرين في‬
provide a model for empathic
‫معاناتهم ومشاعرهمـ‬
tolerant of/towards ‫متسامح تجاه‬ adjust to ‫ستكيف أو يتأقلمـ علي‬
As a sign of respect ‫كدليل احترام‬ Gave me experiences ‫اعطته (منحته) تجارب‬
Graduate in law ‫يتخرج فى القانون‬ Gave me a headache ‫سبب لى صداعا‬
Ask for opinion ‫يطلب رايا‬ As far as I'm concerned ‫من وجهة نظرى‬
At a time ‫فى وقت ما‬ (be) thought of as ‫يفكر فيه (يعتبر) ك‬
At least ‫على االقل‬ Full of ‫ملىء ب‬
Have a fixed routine ‫لديه روتين ثابت‬ Provide a model for ‫يقدم نموذجاـ او قدوة ل‬
Make….successful ‫جعله ناجحا‬ Create a new style ‫يبتكر اسلوبا جديدا‬
Believer in ‫مؤمن ب‬ Win a prize for ‫يفوز بجائزة ل‬
Happy with ‫سعيد ب‬ Use for ‫يستخدم ل‬

Irregular Verbs:

dig/dug/dug ‫يحفر‬ drive/drove/driven )‫يقود (سيارة‬

do/did/done ‫يفعل‬ eat/ate/eaten ‫يأكل‬
draw/drew/drawn ‫يرسم‬ fall/fell/fallen ‫يسقط‬
dream/dreamt/dreamt ‫يحلم‬ feed/fed/fed
dream/dreamed/dreamed ‫يطعـم‬
drink/drank/drunk ‫ يشرب‬feel/felt/felt ‫يشعر‬

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 4

Derivatives:

Verb Noun Adj.

compete ‫ يتنافس‬/ ‫ينافس‬
confuse ‫ يُحير‬/ ‫يُربك‬
retire ‫يتقاعد‬
pioneer ‫تكون له الريادة‬
believe ‫يعتقد‬
collect ‫يجمع‬
affect ‫يؤثر علي‬
competition ‫ منافسة‬/ ‫مسابقة‬
confusion ‫ حيرة‬/ ‫ارتباك‬
retirement ‫التقاعد‬
pioneer ‫رائد‬
belief ‫اعتقاد‬
collection ‫مجموعة‬
effect ‫تأثير‬
competitive ‫تنافسي‬
confusing ‫ مُربك‬/ ‫محير‬
retired ‫متقاعد‬
pioneering (‫رائد )انجاز‬
believable ‫يمكن تصديقه‬
collective ‫جماعي‬
effective ‫ فعً ال‬/ ‫مؤثرـ‬

Words that go together

e-mail ‫ مرفقات بااليميل‬enter a ‫يدخل مسابقة‬

attachments competition
have a routine ‫لديه روتين معين‬ have lunch ‫يتناول الغداء‬
against the law ‫ضد القانون‬ break the law ‫يخالف القانون‬
enforce the law ‫ُيطبق أو ينفذ القانون‬ strict laws ‫قوانين صارمة‬
natural ‫كوارث طبيعية‬ multicultural ‫مجتمع متعدد الثقافات‬
disasters society
civilized society ‫مجتمع متحضر‬ social justice ‫العدالة االجتماعية‬
widen horizons ‫يوسع اآلفاق‬ human ‫الموارد البشرية‬
resources
members of ‫أفراد أو أعضاء المجتمع‬ eliminate ‫يمحو األمية‬
society illiteracy

Read the following passage carefully:

Yehia Haqqi (1905 – 1992)

Yehia Haqqi was one of the pioneers of modern Egyptian literature. As well
as being an important writer, he was an expert on Arabic culture.
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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 4
Yehia Haqqi was born in 1905 in the Sayyida Zeinab district of Cairo. He
graduated in law and worked for a short time as a lawyer. In 1929, he began his
career as a diplomat and he worked abroad for more than 20 years. The time he
spent in France, Italy, Turkey and Libya gave him experiences he later used in his
writing.
At the same time as he was working, Haqqi was also writing stories. His
first short story, published in 1925, established him as one of the great short story
writers of the Arab world.
Haqqi always wanted to help poor and disabled people. He had to go to
hospital after an earthquake in Cairo, but gave his bed to a poor person who he
thought needed it more. In 1955, he wrote a collection of short stories about the
poor and the disabled which won an important prize. Another of his stories, The
Postman, was made into a film.
Haqqi wrote in a new way about Arab society and customs in the twentieth
century. Haqqi was also interested in the Arabic language and he devolved a new
style of writing which is respected today.
As well as writing his own novels and stories, Haqqi also translated
Russian, French, Italian and Turkish literature into Arabic. He was a very strong
believer in the power of education and supported many young Egyptian writers.
Haqqi died in 1992, but is still thought of as the father of the modern short
story and the novel in Egypt.

Definitions:

competition a situation in which people or organisations compete with each

other
old- not modern and not fashionable any more
fashioned
routine (n) the usual way in which you do things
midday Twelve o'clock in the middle of the day.
attachment something you attach to/send with an e-mail
publisher person or company that produces books, magazines, etc., and
makes them available for people to buy
custom something that people do in a society because it is traditional
develop to make a new product or idea successful
district an area of a city or country
establish to achieve or give someone a respected position in society or in
an organization
law the system of rules that people in a country or place must obey
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 ‫‪Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 4‬‬
‫‪pioneer‬‬ ‫‪one of the first people to do something that other people will‬‬
‫‪continue to develop‬‬
‫‪Style‬‬ ‫‪a way of doing or making something that is typical of a particular‬‬
‫‪person, group or period‬‬

‫‪Language Notes:‬‬

‫يحترم – احترام ‪*respect‬‬

‫محترم (جدير باالحترام لمكانته االجتماعية او المادية) ‪respectable‬‬
‫يظهر احتراما تجاه االخرين – وقور‪respectful‬‬
‫شخص يحترم (العماله او انجازاته) ‪respected‬‬

‫عاجز – مقعد ‪*disabled‬‬

‫عاهة – عجز – عدم قدرة ‪Disability‬‬
‫ذو اعاقة عقلية ‪Retarded‬‬
‫متخلف عن النمو الطبيعى ‪backward‬‬
‫يكتسب (شى معنوى او سرعة او وزن ‪.....‬الخ)‪* gain‬‬
‫يفوز – يكسب ‪win‬‬
‫يكسب (دخله او اكل عيشه) ‪earn‬‬

‫عادة مجتمعية سائدة (سواء قديمة او حديثة) (يمكن ان تاتى مفرد او جمع) )‪*custom (n‬‬
‫)تقليد او فكر موروث )‪tradition (n‬‬
‫عادة فردية )‪habit (n‬‬

‫يمنح – منحة – جائزة‪ -‬شهادة ‪*award‬‬

‫يكافىء – مكافاة (مقابل سلوك حسن او عمل جيد) ‪reward‬‬
‫هدية (بدون مقابل) ‪present = gift‬‬
‫جائزة – او رحلة مثال تمنح فى مسابقة ‪prize‬‬

‫سيرة ذاتية لشخص يكتبها شخص اخر ‪*biography‬‬

‫سيرة ذاتية لشخص يكتبها الشخص نفسه ‪autobiography‬‬

‫على متن سفينة – طائرة ‪*on board = aboard‬‬

‫يركب على متن سفينة – طائرة ‪board‬‬
‫عريض ‪broad‬‬
‫يوسع‪broaden‬‬
‫بالخارج – الى خارج البالد ‪abroad‬‬

‫عادة – عادات ‪*custom‬‬

‫مالوف – من العادة ‪Customary‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 4
Customs )‫الجمرك (دائما جمع‬
Customer‫زبون‬
Costumes ‫زى مخصص لحقبةمعينة من التاريخ‬

*publish )‫ينشر (كتابا – مجلة – صحيفة‬

Spread ‫ينشر – ينتشر‬
Prevail ‫يسود – يعم‬

*work )‫عمل – مكان العمل (اسم ال يعد‬

Job )‫وظيفة (اسم يعد‬
Career )‫مهنة (الحياة العلمية – المهنية للفرد‬
Profession )‫مهنة (تحتاج ال موهالت و تدريب‬

*insist on ‫يصر على‬

Insist that ‫يصر على ان‬

:‫ قبل صفات معينة تتحول الصفة إلي اسم جمع‬the ‫عند استخدام‬
the poor / the rich / the disabled / the deaf / the blind / the dumb /the sick /
the dead / the young / the old / the homeless / the elderly / the
unemployed
The poor are in need of our help. = Poor people are in need of our help.
per ‫ قبل كلمات معينة بمعني (في كل أو لكل) وعادة يمكن أن نستخدم مكانها كلمة‬a ‫تستخدم‬
a day / a month / per hour / per person
He earns 500 pounds a month.
He drove 70 miles per hour.
:‫الحظ عدم جمع الكلمات اآلتية إذا جاء قبلها عدد وبعدها اسم‬
Week / second / month / year / minute / hour / day
I usually have a ten-minute break for coffee at midday.
 a five-hour meeting  a three-day trip
:‫ولكننا نقول‬
 The trip took three days.  The meeting lasted for five hours.

:‫') في حالة الجمع‬s( ‫)) في حالة المفرد و‬s' ‫ بعد الكلمات السابقة نستخدم‬time ‫وفي حالة وجود كلمة‬
 in a week's time  in two years' time
:‫الحظ الفرق بين الكلمات اآلتية‬
Profession ‫مهنة أو عمل يتطلب قدرا كبيرا من التدريب والتعليم مثل الطب والمحاماة والتدريس‬

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 4
He left the teaching profession to set up his own business.
Work: ‫العمل بصفة عامة وال تجمع‬
Peter's work involves a lot of travelling. I have a lot of work to do.
Work: )‫يقوم بتشغيل ( آلة مثال‬
Do you know how to work (=operate) this coffee machine?
:‫ يصبح معناها مؤلفات أو أعمال فنية أو أدبية‬work ‫اذا ُجم َعت كلمة‬
a work of art  works of art
Job: ‫وظيفة (تجمع) و تشير إلي عمل منتظم يقوم به الشخص لكسب المال‬
When she left college, she got a job as a secretary.
She has applied for a job with an insurance company.

Career: ‫ الفترة التي يقضيها الشخص في وظيفة معينة‬/ ‫المستقبل الوظيفي‬

He has a long career in journalism. ‫الصحافة‬

experience: )‫الخبرة (ما يكتسبه الشخص من معرفة ومهارات من خالل عمل معين – ال ُتجمع‬
experiences : ‫مواقفـ أو تجارب أو خبرات في الحياة‬
They offered me the job because I had a lot of experience.
I had some interesting experiences while I was travelling. (= things that
happened to me)
experiment : ‫تجربة علمية إلثبات صحة شيء ما أو التوصلـ لنتائج معينة‬
 Teachers usually carry out simple experiments in the laboratory.

Words often confused:

 routine )‫الروتين اليومي (ما يقوم به الشخص من أعمال في نفس الوقت يوميا‬
 red tape ‫روتين اإلجراءات الرسمية‬
Dressing is a task which we do every day as a matter of routine.
We must get rid of the red tape in government offices.
 mend )‫يقوم بإصالح (شيء تالف أو ال يعمل‬
 amend ‫يقوم بإجراء تعديل أو تغيير في نص أو قانون‬
The plumber came to mend the burst pipe.P
The constitution ‫ الدستور‬was amended some time ago.

win (T/I)‫ يفـوز بـ‬/ ‫ يكسـب‬a game/ a race‫ سباق‬/ a medal / a competition ‫ مسابقة‬/ a cup /
a match /
a contest ‫ مسابقة‬/ support ‫ تأييد‬/‫ مساندة‬/‫دعم‬/ love / trust ‫ثقة‬/ confidence ‫ ثقة‬/ approval
‫ استحسان‬/war/loyalty ‫إخالص‬/‫ والء‬/ friends

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 4
Which year was it that Italy won the World Cup?

beat ‫ يتغلب علي‬/ ‫يهزم‬  Holland beat Argentina by 3/1.

gain ‫يكتسب‬ )information / knowledge ‫ معرفة‬/ experience / reputation( ‫سمعة‬
gain (weight / speed / height )‫االرتفاع‬/‫السرعة‬/‫)يزداد في (الوزن‬
earn (money / earn a living) ‫يكسب من عمل‬
She earns $40,000 a year.

 abroad ‫الخارج‬  aboard ‫علي متن سفينة أو طائرة أو قطار‬

My father travelled abroad on business.

They finally went aboard the plane.

 other than = except ‫ما عدا‬

 rather than = in preference to / instead of ‫ مفضال شيء علي آخر‬/ ‫بدال من‬
 otherwise = except ‫وإال‬
The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself.
I think I'd like to stay at home this evening rather than go out.
 You'll have to go now, otherwise you'll miss your bus.

Exercises on Vocabulary and Language Notes:

1. Magdi Yacoub was one of the first heart transplant (engineers –
mountaineers – pioneers – volunteers).
2. Scientists are paid to (build – develop – arrive – hide) new medicines every
year to help people.
3. The flight attendant welcomed us (aboard – abroad – broad – broaden).
4. A (diplomat - publisher – partner – performer) is someone who produces
books, newspapers or magazines.
5. Yehia Haqqi was an important twentieth century (writer – plumber – teacher
– surgeon).
6. To (deepen – drop – develop - envelop) is to make a new product or idea
successful.
7. All people must (obey – break – destroy – damage) the law.
8. A (biologist – beginner – pioneer - bystander) is one of the first people to do
something that others will continue.
9. A (district – strict – constrict - stick) is an area of a town or city.
10. He cannot work because of his (ability – facility – flexibility - disability).
11. The government has promised to provide more money to help (homeless –
homes – the homeless – home).
12. He is regarded as one of the (heads – bosses - supervisors – pioneers) of
modern science.

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 4
13. He wouldn't try to mislead you. It's not his (style – case – condition –
circumstance).
14. Many doctors want to see a law (allowing – welcoming – banning – rewarding)
all tobacco advertising.
15. His first short story (appointed – posted – allowed – established) him as
one of the great short story writers of the Arab world.
16. I'm looking for a job which will enable me to (develop – depend – replace –
deplete) my skills.
17. There's no fixed (career – profession – routine – position) at work – every
day is different.
18. The time he spent in different countries gave him (exercises – experiments
– experiences – excavations) that he later used in his writing.
19. His collection of short stories (beat – gained – earned – won) an important
prize.
20. As well as (write – writing – wrote – to write) novels, he also translated
French literature into Arabic.
21. Magdi Yacoub was one of the first heart transplant (engineers – pioneers –
surgeries – physicians)
22. Scientists are paid to (do – have – take – develop) new medicines every year
to help people.
23. Yehia Haqqi's first job was as a (lawless – lawyer – lawful – law)
24. A (publisher – journalist – writer – editor) is someone who produces books,
newspapers or magazines.
25. In my grandfather's village, they still follow the same traditional (customs –
habits – consumes – consumers) that he used to follow when he was a boy.
26. My daily (routine – custom – red tape – traditions) begins when my alarm
clock goes off at 6:30
27. Yunus is a regular (custom – consumer – customer – costumer) of that shop
because he likes the service.
Find the mistakes in each of the following sentences then write it correctly:
1- Yehia Haqqi was one of the pioneers of modern Egyptian literary.
2- Yehia Haqqi was born in a poor county of Cairo.
3- Yehia Haqqi is still thought of as the mother of the modern short story and the
novel in Egypt.
4- Yehia Haqqi was a strong belief in the power of education.
5- Yehia Haqqi's novels were translated with many languages.
6- Yehia Haqqi was interested in the Arabic language and he developed a new
steel of writing.
7- He worked aboard for more than 20 years.
8- Yehia Haqqi's first short story publish in 1925.
9- Yehia Haqqi is a writer of children's infection.
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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 4
10- The guide offered tourists information on local customary.
11- He spent a three days holiday in Acapulco.
12- His training as a law affected the way he wrote his novels.
13- This price reduction is due to complexion among suppliers.
14- She sent me her photograph as an e-mail detachment.
15- He wanted to help the poor and the disability.

Past Tenses: Active & Passive

Past Simple Tense

: ‫ يستخدم الماضي البسيط‬
:‫ للتعبير عن حدث انتهي في وقت معين في الماضي‬-1
 I visited my aunt last week.  The ancient Egyptians invented a way
of writing.
:‫ للتعبير عن موقف أو عادة في الماضي‬-2
 When I was on holiday, I went to the sea every day.
:‫ يستخدم الماضي البسيط غالبا مع كلمات مثل‬
last (year, night, week, month / summer) / ago / yesterday / in ancient
times / once upon a time / the other day, year (= a few days, years ago)/
in 2000 / in the past

 How much bread did you buy yesterday? ( ‫في حالة السؤال – الحظ الفعل في‬
‫)المصدر‬
 I didn’t know him then. (‫)في حالة النفي‬
: ‫ الماضي البسيط في المبني للمجهول‬
Was / were + PP

He wrote the letter a few days ago. The letter was written a few days
ago.

Used to + inf. ‫تستخدم هذه الصيغة للتعبير عن الماضي‬: 

I used to play tennis, but now I play football.

: ‫وفي حالة النفي‬
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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 4
Didn't use to + inf.  He didn’t use to smoke, but now he does.

: ‫وفي حالة السؤال‬

Did + ‫ فاعل‬+ use to + inf. ..? Did she use to cry a lot when she
was a baby?

:‫تستخدم هذه الصيغة للتعبير عن المضارع‬

am / is / are used to + -ing

 He is used to having a cup of coffee every morning.

= He usually has a cup of coffee every morning.
:‫وفي حالة السؤال‬

Am / Is / Are + ‫فاعل‬ + used to + V-ing. ..?

 Is she used to living on her own?

:‫ ويأتي بعدها الفعل في الضارع البسيط‬used to ‫ بدال من‬no longer ‫تستخدم‬

‫ مع نفى الفعل في المضارع‬used to ‫بدال من‬ any more / any longer ‫ تستخدم‬
:‫البسيط و تأتى في نهاية الجملة‬
 He used to stay up late. = He no longer stays up late.
 He used to live here. = He doesn’t live here any more.

 He is used to the cold weather.

be used to: ‫الحظ في الجملة السابقة أنه يمكن استخدام اسم أو ضمير بعد‬

:.inf ‫ تأتى بمعني " يستخدم لكي " ويليها‬be used to‫الحظ أن‬
 Water is used to generate electricity.
:‫الحظ أن‬
am / is / are used to + -ing = am / is / are in the habit of + ing

 He is in the habit of borrowing money from others.

= He is used to borrowing money from others.

used to + inf. = was / were in the habit of + ing

 She used to sleep in class.. = She was in the habit of sleeping in

class.

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 4
Past Continuous Tense ‫الماضي المستمر‬

Was / Were + V-ing ‫يتكون من‬

: past continuous ‫ يستخدم الماضي المستمر‬

: ‫ للتعبير عن حدث كان مستمر أثناء وقت معين في الماضي‬-1
 Between seven and half past seven this morning, I was reading the
newspaper.
: ‫ للتعبير عن حدث مستمر في الماضي قطعه حدث آخر‬-2
 I was having a shower when the phone rang.
While / when / As / Just as :‫ يستخدم الماضي المستمر غالبا مع كلمات مثل‬

 While (When) we were doing the homework, it started to rain.

: ‫يمكن أن يأتي بعدها ماضي بسيط‬ when ‫ الحظ أن‬

 We were doing the homework when the storm started.

: ‫في الماضي المستمر‬ while ‫ يمكن أن يكون الحدثين مع‬

 While I was studying, my father was reading.
: ‫في الماضي البسيط‬ when ‫يمكن أن يكون الحدثين مع‬
 When he arrived , he found the door locked.

V+ ing : ‫ و يأتي يعدها‬when ‫ بدال من‬On ‫ يمكن استخدامـ‬

 When he arrived , he found the door locked. = On arriving, he found
the door locked.
: noun / V+ ing ‫ و يأتي يعدها‬while ‫ بدال من‬during ‫ يمكن استخدامـ‬
While he was playing the game, he got hurt. (during)
 During the game, he got hurt.  He got hurt during the game.
:‫ يأخذ نفس شكل الفعل الذي يسبقها‬and ‫ الفعل بعد‬
 He was writing a letter and listening to some music.
 She has finished work and gone home.
:‫ في الماضي المستمر‬to Be ‫ الحظ عدم استخدام‬
 While I was at school, I worked to a plan.
: ‫ الماضي المستمر في المبني للمجهول‬
Was / were being + PP

He was writing the letter. The letter was being written.

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 4

The Present Perfect Tense

:‫ يتكون المضارع التام من‬

Have / Has + PP.

 He has just bought a new car.

:‫ يستخدم المضارع التام للتعبير عن‬
: ‫ حدث تم في الماضي وال يزال له تأثير في الحاضر‬-1
 My car has broken down. = I have to go to work by bus.
: ‫ حدث تم في الماضي و ما زال مستمر في الحاضر‬-2
 I have done this job for many years. = I still do this job.
: ‫يستخدم المضـارع التام مع كلمات مثـل‬
already / just / ever / never / yet / since / for / lately / recently / so far / up
till now

: ‫ و يستخدم إذا بدأت الجملة بمـا يلـي‬

 It’s/This is the first (second…) time..
 It’s(This) is the only…  In the last few years/months  In
recent years
 over the ages / over the years / over the centuries /‫علي مر العصور‬
‫القرون‬/‫السنين‬

It’s the first time I have been to this place.

This is the only play I have seen.
 Egypt has made great progress in the last few years.
.PP : ‫ والتصريف الثالث‬have/has‫ تأتي بين‬ever/never/just/ already ‫ الحظ أن‬
 I have just written the letter.
:‫ في نهاية الجملة‬already ‫ يمكن أن تأتي‬
 Twenty million people have seen the film already.
: ‫ في اإلجابة‬never ‫ في السؤال و‬ever ‫ الحظ استخدام‬
 Have you ever travelled by plane?  No, I have never travelled by
plane.

Just = a short time ago/ a minute ago/ a moment ago

 They left the building a minute ago. (just) = They have just left the
building.
since / for ‫ الحظ استخدام‬
Since + ‫بداية الحدث‬

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 4
Since last week / last summer / 1999 / five o’clock / October / this
morning / yesterday / then / Monday / breakfast

For + ‫فترة زمنية‬

For a week / the last week / a year / five hours / three months / two days /
a long time
 I haven’t cleaned the house for a week.
: ‫ نستخدم المضارع التام‬since ‫ في حــالة وجـود فعـل واحــد مع‬
: ‫ ماضي بسيط و الفعل الثاني في المضارع التام‬since ‫ يأتي بعد‬، ‫ في حـالة وجـود فعلين‬
 I haven’t seen her since she graduated.

Last / The last time / ago + past simple

:‫ بدال من الكلمات السابقة نستخدم مضارع تام منفى‬since / for ‫ عند استخدام‬
 I last had my hair cut when I was in Cairo. = I haven’t had my hair cut since I
was in Cairo.

 The last time I met Jennie was in 2000.

= I haven’t met Jennie since 2000. = I haven’t met Jennie for 10 years.
 The last time I played chess was six years ago.
= I haven’t played chess since 2003. = I haven’t played chess for seven
years.
:.started to / began to + inf ‫ نستخدم‬for ‫ بدال من‬ago ‫في حالة استخدام‬
 He has learnt English for six years. = He began / started to learn English
six years ago.
:‫ نستخدم التركيب اآلتي‬for ‫ بدال من‬since ‫ الحظ انه عند استخدام‬

It’s / It's been + ‫ فترة زمنية‬+ since + ‫ فاعل‬+ + last + ‫ماضي بسيط‬

 He hasn’t visited his uncle for a long time. = It’s a long time since he last
visited his uncle.
:‫ نستخدم صيغة تفضيل‬never ‫ بدال من‬ever ‫ الحظ انه عند استخدام‬

 I have never done such a tiring job. = This is the most tiring job I
have ever done.
:.such (a/an) adj. + n ‫ نستخدم‬ever ‫ بدال من‬never ‫ الحظ أنه عند استخدام‬
 This is the worst luck I have ever had. = I have never had such bad
luck.
‫ في الجملة المنفيــة‬yet ‫ الحظ استخدام‬

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 4
 I haven’t finished my homework yet.
:‫ نستخدم مضارع تام منفى بدال من المضارع المستمر‬still‫ بدال من‬yet ‫في حالة استخدام‬
 He is still writing the report. = He hasn’t finished writing the report
yet.
: ‫ المضارع التام في المبني للمجهول‬
Have been / has been + PP

He has written the letter. The letter has been written.

Past Perfect

‫ ويستخدم ليدل علي حدث وقع قبل آخر في الماضي ويستخدم عادة‬.had + PP ‫يتكون الماضي التام من‬
:‫مع الروابط اآلتية‬
After / When / As soon as / + ‫ماضي بسيط‬ ‫ماضي تام‬
)‫ماضي بسيط (غالبا منفي‬ till / until ‫ماضي تام‬
Before / By the time + ‫ماضي تام‬ ‫ماضي بسيط‬
►After I had done the shopping, I visited a friend.
►As soon as I had known he was ill, I visited him.
►I didn't know about the competition until I had read the papers.
►Before he cleaned the room, he had seen the film.
►By the time my friend arrived, I had finished my homework.
►I had already done the homework before I went out.

: ‫الماضي التام في المبني للمجهول‬

had been + PP

He had written the letter. The letter had been written.

Exercises on Grammar

Choose the correct answer:

1- At the age of seven, my parents (are taking – were taking – took –
take) me to Jordan.
2- At the age of seven, he (gave – was given – has given – had given) a
prize for a drawing of an animal.
3- Someone phoned me while I (cook – was cooked – am cooking – was
cooking) the dinner.

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 4
4- While my car (was mending – was being mended – has mended – had
mended), I went shopping.
5- While my mother was doing the washing up, my baby sister (was looking
– has been looked – was being looked – had looked) after.
6- As soon as he (takes – has taken – will take – had taken) the photograph,
he showed it to his friend.
7- As soon as the robbers (had arrested – had been arrested – were
arresting – are arrested), they were taken to jail.
8- Something is wrong with his car, so he (has taken – has been taken –
was taken – is being taken) it to the garage.
9- The injured woman (takes – has taken – will take – has been taken) to
hospital.
10- I (have seen – saw – would see – was seen) him a few days ago.
11- He (didn't use to - isn't used to – used – uses) need much sleep, but he
does now.
12- (Are – Is – Did – Does) you use to play with dolls?

Find the mistakes in the following sentences and write them correctly:
1-The washing machine delivers while I was reading the newspaper.
2- I am used to reading at least one book a week, but now I don't read so
many.
3- While I come to school today, I saw an old friend.
4- At six o'clock yesterday evening, I am watching TV.
5- Five years ago, I am used to ride a bicycle.
6- I used reading the newspaper every day. Now I don't have the time.
7- As soon as we arrived at school, the first lesson begins.
8- What did you do when I called you? You sounded very busy.
9- I had my own computer for 3 years now.
10- While my sister does her homework, she was listening to music.
11- All the students in my class pass the exam already.
12- My parents use to live in a small flat in the city centre.
13- Yesterday evening, we revised for our English test when all the lights
went out.
14- I attend this school for five years.
15- Our school was opening exactly 25 years ago today.
16- She played the piano since the age of six and she still plays every day.

Language Functions:

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 4

Asking for opinion Giving opinion

How do you think (we can reduce I think that ..
pollution)?
What's your opinion about (modern I don't think that ..
novels)?
What do you think I should do (to improve I'd say that …
my English)?
As far as I am concerned ..
What do you think of / about (yesterday's
In my opinion ..
match)?
In my point of view ..

Previous Exams ‫امتحانات السنوات السابقة‬

Choose the correct answer from a,b,c or d:

1- Yehia Haqqi was one of the ………..of modern Egyptian literature.
a-careers b-goers c-astronauts d-pioneers
2- Haqqi’s first short story was ………in 1925.
a-declared b-published c-advertised d-consumed
3- Early black and white photos show people in ………clothes.
a-poetic b-vague c-old-fashioned d-ancient
4- His first short story ………..him as one of the great short story writers
of the Arab world.
a-developed b-did c-provided d-established
5- My cousin graduated in law and worked as a ……….before joining
army.
a-doctor b-lawyer c-teacher d-dentist
6- In 1929, Haqqi began his ……….as a diplomat.
a-career b-carrier c-courier d-barrier
7- The Time he spent abroad gave him………he later used in his
writing.
a-experiments b-explosions c-experiences d-expenses
8- He developed a new style of writing which is ………….today.
a-expected b-respected c-agreed d-directed
9- Using the computer for a long time ………me a headache.
a-does b-makes c-works d-gives

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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 4
10- Many wealthy people offer help to the poor and the ………… .
a-able b-disabled c-enable d-disability

Find the mistake in each of the following sentences, then write it

correctly:
1- My sister loves clothes and buys very fashion dresses.
2- My uncle’s first job was as a law.
3- A publication is someone who produces books, newspaper or magazines.
4- My parent gave me a collect of modern short stories for my birthday.
5- The children at school have a fifteen-minutes break at 11 o’clock.
6- Dr Magdy Yacoub is considered a pioneering in heart transplant surgery.
7- Soha wears her mother’s dresses to parties because they are still style.
8- For Muslims, it is custom to eat dates to break a fast.
9- Good teachers can provide models for their students.
10- There is hard completion between the three leading companies.
11- The establish of this charity was chiefly to assist orphans.
12- She sent me the report as an e-mail letter.
13- Haqqi wrote about Arab society and costumes in the twentieth
century.
14- It is the routine to greet someone when you meet them.
15- Using a typewriter is old fashion. Now we use computers.

Choose the correct answer from a,b,c or d:

1- The window was open and a bird …………into the room.
a-flew b-flown c-flies d-has flown
2- She ……….by a bus while walking across the street.
a-was hitting b-hit c-had been hit d-was hit
3- I ……….swimming every weekend but now I don’t have any free time.
a-used to go b-was going c-had gone hit d-was hit
4- The Internet ………..during the 1950’s.
a-invented b-was inventing c-had invented d-was invented
5- We didn’t ……….to go out much in the winter months.
a-use b-used c-using d-uses
6- While he was walking past the car, it ………….
a-exploded b-was exploding c-has exploded d-had exploded
7- While I …………to the lab, I met my friend.
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 Hello! 3rd year Sec. – Unit 4
a-was walking b-had walked c-walked d-have walked
8- I haven’t talked to him ………he left school.
a-for b-long c-since d-ago
9- This is the first time she ……….to Rome.
a-was being b-had been c-was d-has been
10- I can’t believe it. Have you eaten all the food ………..?
a-already b-for c-long d-since

Find the mistake in each of the following sentences, then

write it correctly:
1- The customer was paying his cheque when he had dropped his credit
card.
2- She uses to take ballet lessons when she was young.
3- I was living in that house when I was young.
4- How fast did she drive when she had the accident?
5- Somebody phoned me while the dinner was cooked.
6- I’ve known my best friend for elementary school.
7- I have these shoes since my eighteenth birthday.
8- He has been visiting ten museums this week.
9- Has the operation performed by the surgeon?
10- Have you ever want to travel around the world?
11- I was tired last night. I have had a hard day.
12- When we got to the station, the train has already left.

20