‫‪Unit one‬‬ ‫‪Read all about it‬‬ ‫اقرا كل شئ عنه‬

‫‪Vocabulary‬‬
‫‪Digital version‬‬ ‫اصدار اليكترونى‬ ‫‪society‬‬ ‫مجتمع‬ ‫يشرح ‪explain‬‬
‫وصف ‪description‬‬ ‫‪Headlines‬‬ ‫‪ Rhymes‬عناوين رئيسيىة‬ ‫قوافى‬
‫دعابة‪ /‬نكتة ‪joke‬‬ ‫واقعى‪ /‬حقيقى‪Factual‬‬ ‫‪Sentences‬‬ ‫جمل‬
‫‪summarise‬‬ ‫يلخص‬ ‫‪differences‬‬ ‫اختالفات‬ ‫‪paragraphs‬‬ ‫فقرات انشائية‬
‫‪style‬‬ ‫اسلوب‪/‬طري‬ ‫‪Compare‬‬ ‫‪ persuasive‬يقارن‬ ‫اقناعى‬
‫محاضرة ‪Lecture‬‬ ‫‪report‬‬ ‫تقرير‬ ‫‪Event‬‬ ‫حدث مهم‬
‫مراجع̀ة نقدية ‪review‬‬ ‫يتعرف على‪/‬يتحقق من‪Identify‬‬ ‫‪Bias‬‬ ‫تحيز‬
‫مبالغة‪/‬اطناب ‪exaggeration‬‬ ‫‪skills‬‬ ‫صحيفة رسمية ‪ Broadsheet‬مهارات‬
‫صحيفة شعبية‪/‬صفراء ‪tabloid‬‬ ‫‪Guess‬‬ ‫يخمن‬ ‫المقدسات المميتة ‪Deathly hallows‬‬

‫‪appear‬‬ ‫يبدو‪/‬يظهر‬ ‫‪due to‬‬ ‫مستحق‪/‬منتظر‪/‬بسبب‬ ‫‪Contents‬‬ ‫محتويات‬

‫يحتفظ بالسر ‪keep a secret‬‬ ‫‪publish‬‬ ‫ينشر‬ ‫‪Websites‬‬ ‫مواقع اليكترونية‬
‫‪Remove‬‬ ‫‪ receive a warning‬يزيل‬ ‫‪ Claim‬يتلقى تحذير‬ ‫يزعم‬
‫محامى ‪lawyer‬‬ ‫ينسخ‪/‬يقلد‪/‬نسخة )‪copy( n/v‬‬ ‫‪Imitate‬‬ ‫يقلد‬
‫يشارك على ‪Share on‬‬ ‫‪social media‬‬ ‫وسائل التواصل‬ ‫يحدث ‪occur‬‬
‫‪Despite‬‬ ‫بالرغم‬ ‫‪Put... in place‬‬ ‫يضع فى المكان المناسي‬ ‫‪Bookseller‬‬ ‫موزع الكتب‬
‫‪Incident‬‬ ‫حدث عارض وخطير‬ ‫‪Highlight‬‬ ‫يبرز‪/‬يلقى الضوء‬ ‫قرصنة ‪piracy‬‬
‫غشاش‪/‬يغش ‪cheat‬‬ ‫يدمر تماما‪/‬اطالل ‪ruin‬‬ ‫‪Common‬‬ ‫شائع‬
‫‪Character‬‬ ‫شخصية فى قصة‪/‬شخصية‬ ‫متعدد ‪several‬‬ ‫يطلب بقوة ‪demand‬‬
‫غير قانونى‪/‬غير شرعى ‪illegal‬‬ ‫‪Fortunately‬‬ ‫لحسن الحظ‬ ‫فظيع‪/‬سئ جدا ‪terrible‬‬
‫صدمة ‪shock‬‬ ‫‪ Feelings‬جامعة وبلد بهذا االسم ‪Cambridge‬‬ ‫مشاعر‬
‫محتمل ‪likely‬‬ ‫تاثير عاطفى على ‪emotional effect on‬‬ ‫وقح‪/‬جرئ‪/‬خط سميك ‪bold‬‬
‫يوفق ‪/‬مباراة‪/‬عود ثقاب ‪Match‬‬ ‫يسلك‪/‬يتصرف ‪behave‬‬ ‫‪dishonest way‬‬ ‫طريقة غير امينة‬
Strict ‫حازم‬ serious ‫خطير‬/‫جاد‬ spoil ‫يدلل‬/‫يفسد‬
Assure ‫يؤكد‬ insure ‫ يؤمن‬Ensure ‫يؤكد‬
Extreme ‫متطرف‬/‫ طرف‬reassure ‫ يطمئن‬Nevertheless ‫ومع ذلك‬
focus ‫يركز على‬/‫بؤرة‬ Tendency ‫استعداد‬/ ‫ميل‬ Pattern ‫نمط‬/‫نموذج‬
upset ‫يكدر‬/‫مهموم‬ justify ‫يبرر‬ Surprised ‫مندهش‬
Nervousness ‫القلق‬ Excitement ‫ اثارة‬prove ‫يبرهن‬/‫يثبت‬
Particular ‫محدد‬/ ‫خاص‬ exist ‫يوجد‬ below ‫اسفل‬
Situation ‫ موقف‬Afford ‫ يملك المال ل‬free (adj) ‫فراغ‬/‫مجانى‬/‫حر‬
Quotation ‫ اقتباس‬crime ‫جريمة‬ punish ‫يعاقب‬
authors ‫مؤلفين‬ Sources ‫ مصادر‬Differences ‫اختالفات‬
Similarities ‫ تشابهات‬fact ‫واقع‬/‫حقيقة‬ publication ‫اصدار مطبوعات‬/‫نشر‬

non-native speaker ‫متحدث غير اصلى‬ Necessarily ‫ بشكل ضرورى‬Reasonable ‫رخيص‬/ ‫معقول‬
‫للغة‬

broadsheet column ‫عمود صحفى فى جريدة‬

partners ‫شركاء‬ Intellectual ‫عقلى‬
quality press ‫ الصحافة الجيدة‬analysis ‫تحليل‬ Sensational ‫عاطفى‬
celebrity‫شخص مشهور‬ As well as ‫ايضا‬ intimidate ‫يخيف‬
Slang ‫لغة دارجة‬ General news ‫اخبار عامة‬ puns ‫اسلوب تورية‬
Extension ‫اتساع‬/‫ امتداد‬differ ‫ يختلف‬Route ‫خط السير‬
Sandstorm ‫ عاصفة رملية‬firefighter ‫رجل االطفاء‬ Download ‫يحمل ملف‬
upload ‫يرفع ملف‬ criminal ‫مجرم‬ permission ‫تصريح‬/‫اذن‬
Even though ‫برغم ان‬ the international crime court ‫المحكمة الجنائية الدولية‬
recent news ‫اخبار حديثة‬ Former ‫سابق‬ Danish ‫دانماركى‬
late 20s ‫اواخر العشرينات‬ text books ‫ نصوص الكتب‬violate ‫يخالف‬/‫ينتهك‬
State ‫يوضح‬/‫والية‬/‫حالة‬ convict ‫اسير‬/‫سجين‬ Obtain ‫ينال‬/‫يحصل على‬
copy right law ‫حماية النشر‬/‫قانون الملكية الفكرية‬ in bold ‫بخط عريض‬
‫‪in addition to‬‬ ‫عالوة على‪/‬باالضافة الى‬ ‫‪Nominate‬‬ ‫يسمى‬
‫‪A large sum of‬‬ ‫‪ Minutely‬مبلغ كبير من المال‬ ‫حاجز‪/‬يعوق ‪ block‬بدقة‪/‬كل دقيقة‬
‫‪a step ahead of others‬‬ ‫يسبق االخرين بخطوة‬ ‫ضخم ‪huge‬‬
‫فى اى وقت مضى ‪given ever‬‬ ‫منقذ ‪rescuer‬‬ ‫‪Weigh‬‬ ‫يزن‬
‫‪captain‬‬ ‫‪ pass through‬قائد فريق او طائرة او سفينة رتبة مالزم‬ ‫يمر خالل‬
‫‪spin‬‬ ‫يدور حول نفسه‪/‬يحور‪/‬ينسج‬ ‫يتخطى ‪travel past‬‬
‫بدال من ‪ instead‬شركات مالحية ‪ship companies‬‬ ‫‪Add‬‬ ‫يضيف‬
‫يعلن خبر‪announce‬‬ ‫‪Advertise‬‬ ‫‪ Propaganda‬يعلن عن سلعة‬ ‫دعاية سياسية‬
‫‪by air‬‬ ‫ثالثة اضعاف‪/‬مرات ‪ Three times‬جوا‬ ‫‪by ship‬‬ ‫بحرا‬
‫‪Businesses‬‬ ‫لحسن الحظ ‪luckily‬‬ ‫يستنبط ‪elicit‬‬
‫شركات‬
‫تناغم ‪/‬انسجام ‪Coherence‬‬ ‫مدهش ‪amazing‬‬ ‫بفضل هللا‪/‬لحسن الحظ ‪Thankfully‬‬

‫مالوف ‪familiar‬‬ ‫يتصفح ‪scan‬‬ ‫‪rely on‬‬ ‫يعتمد على‬

‫‪count on‬‬ ‫‪ depend on‬يعتمد على‬ ‫اخيرا ‪ lastly‬يعتمد على‬
‫‪intend to‬‬ ‫مراجعة نقدية ‪ reviews‬ينوى ان‬ ‫اوربى ‪European‬‬
‫يحجز اجازة ‪Book a holiday‬‬ ‫شركة تاجير السيارات ‪car hire company‬‬ ‫‪Personally‬‬ ‫شخصيا‬
‫ربما‪Perhaps‬‬ ‫مالك‪/‬صاحب ‪Owner‬‬ ‫موثوق فيه ‪trustful‬‬
‫‪Argument‬‬ ‫جدل‬ ‫امر‪/‬يهم ‪Matter‬‬ ‫‪square metres‬‬ ‫امتار مربعة‬
‫مكعب ‪Cubic‬‬ ‫‪Authorities‬‬ ‫يتحرى‪/‬يحقق فى ‪ investigate‬سلطات مسئولة‬
‫يعوض ‪compensate‬‬ ‫ماليا ‪financially‬‬ ‫رياح‪/‬يدفع الهواء ‪wind‬‬
‫يسبب‪/‬سبب ‪cause‬‬ ‫خبير ‪expert‬‬ ‫‪Casualties‬‬ ‫ضحايا‪/‬مصابون‬
‫ينقذ ‪rescue‬‬ ‫‪try to be objective‬‬ ‫حاول ان تكون موضوعيا‬
‫‪Accurate‬‬ ‫جيد فى ‪ Good at‬دقيق‬ ‫كن فضولي ‪be nosy‬‬
‫‪Journalism‬‬ ‫متدرب ‪ trainee‬الصحافة‬ ‫التلمذة المهنية ‪Apprenticeship‬‬
‫‪a student reporter‬‬ ‫صحفى تحت الدراسة‬ ‫متافف‪/‬غضوب ‪grumpy‬‬
Well-known ‫معروف‬ For free ‫مجانا‬ Obviously ‫بوضوح‬
Naturally ‫طبيعيا‬ Volunteer ‫متطوع‬ apply for ‫يتقدم‬
first full-time job ‫اول وظيفة بدوام كامل‬ Childhood ‫طفولة‬
seriously ‫بخطورة‬/‫بجدية‬ Fly-flew-flown ‫يطير‬/‫ يقود طائرة‬Differ ‫يتنوع‬/‫يختلف‬
midday ‫منتصف اليوم‬ Slides ‫ شرائح‬a media course ‫دورة تدريبية اعالمية‬
media bias ‫ تحيز اعالمى‬Position ‫مكانة‬/‫موقع‬ editor ‫محرر‬
leave out ‫يتغاضى عن‬/‫يحذف‬ certain ‫معين‬/‫محدد‬ Point of view ‫وجهة نظر‬
spin ‫تحوير‬ Persuade ‫ يقنع‬Omission ‫حذف‬
Placement ‫وضعية‬ Support ‫يشجع‬/‫يدعم‬ oppose ‫يعارض‬
positive ‫ايجابى‬ negative ‫سلبى‬ Attitude ‫مبدا فكرى‬/‫توجه‬
Towards ‫باتجاه‬/‫نحو‬ Citizen ‫مواطن‬ Journalism ‫صحافة‬
trapped ‫محتجز‬ Germany ‫المانى‬ Snowstorm ‫عاصفة ثلجية‬
Spade ‫جاروف‬ Dig out ‫يستخرج‬ imagine ‫يتخيل‬
exactly ‫بالضبط‬ first of all ‫اوال وقبل كل شئ‬ Do wrong ‫يتصرف خطا‬
go wrong ‫تتعطل‬ Beforehand‫مقدما‬ in advance ‫مقدما‬
Corresponding ‫مراسلة‬/‫موازى‬ assign ‫يكلف‬/‫يحدد‬ confirm ‫يؤكد‬
check website ‫يتفحص المواقع‬ Recommend ‫يرشح‬/‫يوصى ب‬ local factory ‫مصنع محلى‬
be about to ‫على وشك ان‬ mention ‫يذكر‬ omit ‫يحذف‬
emit ‫يقذف‬ Impression ‫انطباع‬ Topic ‫فحوى‬/ ‫موضوع‬
Balanced ‫متوازن‬ secondly ‫ثانيا‬ thirdly ‫ثالثا‬
Reaction ‫استجابة‬/‫رد فعل‬ the staff ‫العاملين فى شركة او هيئة‬ mislead…into ‫يضلل‬/‫يخدع‬
On the other hand ‫من ناحية اخرى‬ lane bus ‫حارة االتوبيس‬/‫ممر‬ City centre ‫وسط المدينة‬
Regularly ‫ بانتظام‬attract ‫يجذب‬ Organisers ‫منظمين‬
reduce ‫يقلل‬ long-term plan ‫ خطة طويلة االجل‬rather than ‫مفضال عن‬/ ‫بدال من‬
After all ‫على اى حال‬ put negative spin on ‫يلفق بشكل سلبى‬ bring ‫يجلب‬
tourists ‫سياح‬ Look out over ‫يطل على‬ replace ‫يستبدل‬
draw attention to ‫يلفت االنتباه‬ Drive down ‫يقود خالل‬ Percent ‫فى المائة‬
have internet access ‫لديه اتصال باالنترنت‬ updates ‫تحديثات‬ To begin with ‫فى البداية‬
constant cycle of news ‫دورة دائمة من االخبار‬ Get anxious ‫يقلق‬
Mostly bad ‫سئ فى الغالب‬ Stressed ‫متوتر‬ because of ‫بسبب‬
in turn ‫ومن ثم‬ Trust ‫يثق فى‬/‫ثقة‬ a recent survey ‫بحث حديث‬
Half of ‫نصف من‬ lastly ‫اخيرا‬ managing editors ‫مديرى التحرير‬

In summary ‫بايجاز‬ Whilst ‫بالرغم من‬ available ‫متاح‬/‫متوفر‬

Keep uy to date ‫يواكب التحديثات‬ with current affairs ‫مع الشؤن الجارية‬
avoid ‫يتجنب‬ social responsibility ‫مسئولية اجتماع‬ effort ‫جهد‬
in accurate ‫غير دقيق‬ go over ‫يوضح‬ artistic content ‫مضمون فنى‬
Brainstorm ‫ عصف ذهنى‬Outline ‫االطار‬/‫ النقاط الرئيسية‬briefly ‫باختصار‬
hook‫طريقة جذب القارئ‬/ ‫صنارة السمك‬ sum up ‫يوجز‬ Restate ‫يعيد شرح‬
Illustrate ‫يصور‬/ ‫يوضح‬ a solution ‫اجابة‬/ ‫حل‬ spread ‫ يبسط‬/‫ينشر‬
Guidebook ‫ دليل استرشادى‬Communities ‫مجتمعات‬ Blacksmith ‫حداد‬
jump out of …skin ‫الخوف الشديد‬/‫يصاب بحالة من الذعر‬ commit a crime ‫يرتكب جريمة‬
File ‫ماف‬/‫مبرد الحداد‬ grab ‫يمسك بشدة‬/‫يخطف‬ Get away ‫يهرب‬
Handcuffs ‫كالبشات‬/‫ قيود اليدج‬leg-irons ‫ اصفاد‬/‫قيود الرجل‬ marsh ‫مستنقع‬
Set off ‫ينطلق‬ metal rings ‫ حلقات معدنية‬Link with a chain ‫يربط بسلسلة‬
Point out ‫يحدد‬/ ‫يختلر‬ Attach to ‫يثبت‬ Prisoner ‫سجين‬
ankle ‫كاحل القدم‬ rough ‫هائج‬/‫خشن‬ shape `‫يشكل‬/‫شكل‬
Surface ‫سطح‬ Smooth ‫ناعم‬ iron ‫حديد‬
especially ‫على وجه الخصوص‬/‫خصوصا‬ Horseshoes ‫ حدوة الحصان‬hold…suddenly ‫ينتزع‬/‫يمسك فجاة‬

Escape ‫يهرب‬ Except for ‫باستثناء‬/ ‫ما عدا‬ Apart from ‫مستثنيا‬
Graveyard ‫مقبرة‬ Fix ‫يصلح‬ according to ‫طبقا ل‬
Fond off ‫مغرم ب‬ Pleased ‫مسرور‬ delighted ‫مسرور‬
Underline‫يضع خط‬ Cheerful ‫مبتهج‬ Fridge ‫ثالجة‬
prepare for ‫يجهز ل‬/‫يعد‬ Christmas ‫عيد الميالد‬ Eve ‫ليلة‬
guilty ‫مذنب‬ innocent ‫برئ‬ Fear ‫خوف‬/‫يخشى‬
guest ‫ضيف‬ soldiers ‫جنود‬ admitted to /‫يعترف يقر ب‬
previous day ‫االمس‬ idioms ‫تعبير اصطالحى‬ rub against ‫ يمسح ضد‬/‫يفرك‬
Exemplify ‫يعطى مثال‬ hurry ‫ يسرع‬breathe ‫يتنفس‬
Breeze ‫نسيم الهواء العليل‬ Clarify ‫يوضح‬ reflect ‫يعكس‬
angry shouts ‫صيحات غاضبة‬ At the end of ‫فى نهاية‬ Sharp ‫حاد‬
At boots ‫حذاء طويل‬ run away ‫يهرب‬ bury ‫ يوارى‬/ ‫يدفن‬
Ask for ‫يطلب‬ Crux ‫جوهر‬/ ‫صلب الموضوع‬ Realise ‫يدرك‬
ethical ‫اخالقى‬ Relieve himself ‫يريح نفسة‬ look after ‫يعتنى‬

Language and grammar notes

Headlines: )‫عناوين الصحف الرئيسية (المانشيتات‬ Titles : ‫لقب‬/‫لقب لشخص‬
‫عنوان كتاب او قصة‬/‫رياضى‬
Address :‫عنوان السكن واالقامة‬ Headings :‫عناوين فرعية‬

Society :‫صحبة‬/‫رفقه‬/ ‫ مجتمع كبير‬society =

companionship=fellowship=company

Community: ‫ملة‬/ ‫ جالية‬/ ‫محلى‬/‫مجتمع صغير‬

The Egyptian ……………in France celebrated the victory of the

national football team.

(Society – community – societal-social)

Bring :‫ يجلب‬/ ‫ يحضر‬bring up :‫ينشئ‬/ ‫ يربى‬bring forth: produce /give birth
‫تلد‬/ ‫ينتج‬

The queen …daughters but no male heir.(brought-brought in-brought

forth-brought up)

Article: ‫مقال صحفى كبير‬/ ‫ اداة‬Essay: ‫مقال او بحث يكتب بغرض الدراسة او االمتحان‬
column: ‫عمود صحفى‬

Ask for: ‫ يطلب‬/ demand: ‫يطلب بقوة‬/‫ يستدعى‬in demand ‫ مطلوب‬supply and
demand ‫عرض وطلب‬

+‫( فاعل‬demand /insist/suggest/recommend) + ‫ فاعل‬+ should / ‫مصدر‬

‫……………مصدر‬

‫ فاعل‬+see/hear/watch/notice + ‫ → فاعل‬inf //v+ing

I saw the thief steal the money. I saw the thief stealing the money

Compare to; ‫ يشبه‬compare with ‫يقارن‬

FACT: acronym; Federation Against Copyright Theft ‫االتحادالفيدرالى‬

‫لمكافحة سرقة حقوق النشر‬

‫ اسم مفرد صفة مركبة‬+ ‫→ رقم جمع‬ a ten-day holiday ten-day holidays

A one week’s time A two weeks’ time

bad enough ‫ سئ لدرجة‬+ being

As well as+Ving/N She prefers reading as well as watching g TV.

in addition to+being+p.p.

‫ فاعل‬+as well as +‫الفاعل‬+ ‫فعل يتبع الفاعل االول‬

I as well as he am student.

‫حال‬+ ‫حال‬/// ‫صفة‬+ ‫ حال‬/// ‫حال‬+ ‫موضع الحال فى الجمل →→→ فعل‬

He plays quickly//she is very active///he plays very quickly.

‫ فاعل‬+to be +p.p.→→→‫حتمى‬/‫امر مخطط له ان يتم‬

Millions to be spent on a project that will make our traffic worse.

‫ فاعل‬+ to+inf

New route to serve university.

‫ فاعل‬+ (be) about to + ‫ مصدر = فاعل‬+be+going to= ‫يوشك ان‬

Have +‫مصدر‬+ ‫ مفعول` شخص‬///I have the students do their homework

Have + ‫ مفعول شئ‬+p.p. ///I have the homework written by the students.

Sub+ (be) +always+Ving→→→annoyance

You are always giving me bad remarks.

Sub+(be) +being →→→unusual manner

Mona is being naughty today.(that isn’t usual of mona)

With books closed= have your books closed

If+ ‫ مضارع مستمر →→→مصدر‬///will + ‫مصدر‬

If you’re eating too much,try to practise sport.

Spread false information ‫ ينشر معلومات مزيفة‬///draw up outline ‫يحدد النقاط‬

‫الرئيسية‬

Spin: spun: spun revolve quickly and repeatedly around one's own axis
‫يدور حول نفسه او محوره‬

Spin: make up a story ‫يلفق‬/ ‫يحور‬ spin: form a web by making a

thread ‫يغزل‬/‫ينسج‬

The President's spokesmen had to spin the story to make it less

embarrassing

Altitude: elevation especially above sea level or above the earth's surface ‫ارتفاع عن‬
‫مستوى سطح البحر‬

Attitude: a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and
dispositions ‫توجه *ميل‬
Gratitude: a feeling of thankfulness and appreciation ‫امتنان *عرفان الجميل‬

Aptitude: inherent ability ‫كفاءة*اهلية*موهبة‬

At least ‫الحد االدنى‬/‫على االقل‬///at last ‫فى النهاية‬/‫ اخيرا‬lest ‫ خوفا من ان‬//‫خشية ان‬

The former ‫== السابق‬the latter ‫الالحق‬

Not only………but also=in addition to ‫بل ايضا‬...... ‫ليس فقط‬

Not only+‫فاعل‬+‫ فعل مساعد‬+………………..but also+ ‫جملة خبرية‬

Not only did he play football, but he also watched tv.

‫ فاعل‬+not only……………but also + ‫جملة خبرية‬

He not only played football but he also watched tv

first→past simple (past experience) ‫مع الماضى البسيط لتدل على خبرات فى الماضى‬
first ‫غالبا تاتى‬

the first/second/third →→→ present perfect ‫تاتى مع المضارع التام‬

1-He was overwhelmed with …… for their help (Altitude- Attitude- Gratitude-
Aptitude)

2- The consumer demands that she ………….him a replacement of the bad can.

(gives – gave – given -give)

3-………. is a part of speech that indicates, specifies and limits a noun in English.

(Article – Column – Essay- title)

4- As a champion he held the …………….for three years. (headline-title-address-

heading)

5- I've already had ……… coffee today. (enough-many-sufficiency-accurate)

I’d rather + ‫مصدر‬

I’d rather + ‫ ماضى بسيط‬+ ‫فاعل‬

I’d rather +)‫( اذا وجدت كلمة دالة على الماضى البسيط‬ ‫ ماضى تاام‬+ ‫فاعل‬

Derivatives ‫المشتقات‬
verb noun adjective Adverb

compare ‫يقارن‬ comparison ‫تشبيه‬/‫مقارنة‬ comparative‫ مقارن‬/ ‫تشبيهى‬ comparatively ‫بشكل‬

‫تشبيهى مقارنى‬

Fact /factuality ‫واقعية‬/ ‫حقيقة‬ Factual ‫ واقعى‬/ ‫حقيقى‬ Factually ‫بشكل حقيقى‬
Sum summarise Summary ‫تلخيص‬ Summary ‫مقتضب‬/‫موجز‬
‫يلخص‬

Lecture ‫يحاضر‬ Lecture ‫ محاضرة‬Lecturer ‫محاضر‬

lectureship ‫منصب المحاضر‬

Apply ‫يتقدم ل‬ Application ‫تقديم‬ Applied‫ تطبيقى‬applicable

applicability ‫انطباق‬ ‫قابل للتطبيق‬

Persuade ‫يقنع‬ Persuasion ‫ اقناع‬Persuasiveness persuasive‫مقنع‬ Persuasively‫بشكل مقنع‬

Pirate‫يقرصن‬/‫ينهب‬ Pirate/‫قرصان‬ Pirate/ pirated‫مقرصن‬

1-This thinking was ……… to many projects (apply-application-
applied-applicability)

2-You can't …. me to buy this ugly vase! (persuade- Persuasion-

persuasive-Persuasively)

3-……… means Illegally imitated or reproduced, said of a well-known trademarked

product or work subject to copyright protection and the counterfeit itself.( pirated-
applicability- comparison-pie)

4- The mother ……… the child for entering a stranger's car.( Lecture- Lecturer-
Lectured- Lectureship)

5- They made a ……… of noise levels (comparison- compare-comparative-

comparatively)

Expressions & idioms ‫تعبيرات ومصطلحات‬ persuade

Life-sentence ‫السجن مدى الحياة‬ wait with bated breath ‫ينتظر‬

)‫(مؤبد‬ ‫بفارغ الصبر‬

Put in claim ‫يطلب رسميا‬ get….breath back

‫يستعيد انفاسه‬
 long –awaited make money
‫طال انتظاره‬ ‫يكون ثروة‬

at a lower price make ….clear

‫بسعر مخفض‬ ‫يوضح االمر‬

as far as /‫ فى نفس المسافة‬own the rights - ‫لديه‬/ ‫يملك‬

‫على قدر‬ ‫الحق ان‬

as long as ‫فى نفس‬ dig out

‫اذا‬/‫طالما‬/‫الطول‬ ‫يستخرج‬

jump out of …skin ‫الخوف الشديد‬/‫يصاب بحالة من الذعر‬

If/as necessary ‫اذا كان ضروريا‬ As/ if needed ‫كلما احتاج االمر‬
If appropriate ‫كلما كان مناسبا‬ If required ‫اذا تطلب االمر‬
Coming of age story ‫قصة بلوغ الشخص‬// ‫قصة نشاة شخص‬
Put a spin ‫يلفق‬/‫يحور‬ Citizen journalism ‫صحافة المواطن‬
1-They struck in support of their ……… for a shorter work day (claim-
blame –tray-crate)

2-There wasn't a ……… of air in the room. (right-price-breeze-

breath)

3-He wanted to save her life at all ……… . (coast-custom-prize-

cost)

4-To carry out an action, the result of which is a significant change, or

an altered circumstance means to make ……… (Money-a
difference-decision-a mistake)

5- He took a deep ……… and dived into the pool (breath- price-
breathe-breathing)

SYNONYMS ‫مرادف‬ ANTYNOMS ‫مضاد‬

 factual /actual /certain/real / ‫حقيقى‬ Fictional/figment‫خيالى‬
‫واقعى‬

Due to / because of/owing to/ on So /therefor/that’s why ‫لذلك‬

account of /for/through/by ‫بسبب‬

casualty/mortality/death ‫حالة وفاة‬ Birth/life/eternality

‫خلود‬/‫والدة‬

Casualty/Emergency‫ضرورة‬/‫طوارئ‬ Calmness/ease‫سهولة‬/‫سكينة‬

Compensate for/make up for ‫يعوض‬ Punish/penalise‫يغرم‬/ ‫يعاقب‬

Nosy/curious/inquisitive ‫فضولى‬ Incurious/indifferent ‫غير‬

‫مبال‬
1-The governor declared a state of ……….. .( emergency- death- certain-fiction)

2-She was ……… for the loss of her arm in the accident.(accounted-owned-
thanked- compensated)

3-the realm of ……… must be distinguished from the realm of imagination.

(factuality- faculty- punctuality -fraction)

4-……… someone injured or killed in an accident (casualty-casual-curious-furious)

5- Rising unemployment ……… to the economic downturn is spreading.

(due -dual -die -dull)

Prepositions Prepositions
‫حروف الجر‬ ‫حروف الجر‬

due to Type up
‫متوقع‬/‫بسبب‬ ‫ينسخ‬

Angry about///with ‫غاضب من‬ In bold ‫بخط عريض‬

‫شخص‬/‫شئ‬

fan of In common ‫مشترك بين‬

‫معجب ب‬/‫مؤيد‬
 put in prison ‫يحبس‬ Ask for ‫يطلب‬

In particular ‫على وجه الخصوص‬ for that reason

‫لهذا السبب‬

at least ‫الحد‬ referred to

‫على االقل‬/‫االدنى‬ ‫يحيل الى‬

at this stage ‫ فى هذه‬For free ‫مجانى‬

‫المرحلة‬

At midday ‫فى منتصف اليوم‬ Put in….place ‫فى المكان‬... ‫يضع‬

‫الصحيح‬

Share on/with ‫مع‬/‫يشارك فى‬ At this stage ‫فى هذه المرحلة‬

Deal with
‫يتعامل مع‬
1- When an audience is responding to a play they are identifying what they have
……… with the human beings on stage (in common-in conclusion-in
contrast-in detail)

2- There were lots of questions referring ……… her talk. ( for- to- at-
into)

3- I couldn't count them all, but I think there must have been ……… least 500
people in attendance.

( for- to- at- into)

4- let's pretend we don't like Mary, just ……… fun

( for- to- at- into)

5- he gave a summary of the conclusion, which means he summed ………

( for- to- at- into)

collocations ‫متالزمات‬ collocations ‫متالزمات‬

keep A secret ‫يحفظ السر‬ receive a warning ‫يتلقى تحذير‬
punishment for‫يتعرض لعقاب‬

Make Money ‫يكون ثروة‬ lose Money ‫يخسر المال‬

 own The right to ‫الحق‬
violate
‫لديه‬ Copyright law ‫ينتهك‬
‫فى‬/‫ان‬ ‫حقوق النشر‬

compensate Financially ‫يعوض‬ highlight The problem

‫ماديا‬ ‫يبرز المشكلة‬

do Research ‫يقوم ببحث‬

Reading passages

New Harry Potter book shown online

Photographs of all 784 pages of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
have appeared on the internet, four days before J.K. Rowling’s final
book is due to be published. It is not known who took photographs of
the book, whose contents have been kept a secret before the book is
published at 12.01 am on Saturday. Some websites have removed the
photos after receiving warnings from the publisher’s lawyers, but
photos of the book can still be read on other sites. It is also claimed that
some people were typing up copies of the book from the photos to share
on social media. This all occurred despite the careful security which has
been put in place before the book is published. This included asking
booksellers not to tell the media when or if they had copies of the book.
The incident highlights the problems of online book piracy, which is
becoming much more common.

Internet cheat ruins Potter surprise

Just four days before J.K. Rowling’s final book about Harry Potter is
published, an internet cheat has shared every page of the book online.
This has ruined the surprise for millions of readers, who have been
waiting with bated breath to find out what happens to the famous
character. Several websites show photographs of every page of Harry
Potter and the Deathly Hallows, which means that you can read the
whole book online, including the long-awaited ending. Lawyers have
demanded that the websites stop showing the illegal photos, and,
fortunately, some websites have agreed. However, other people have
typed up the text from the photos and are likely to share the story on
other websites. Fans of Harry Potter were shocked by the news. “It’s
terrible,” says Kate Strong from Cambridge, who plans to buy the new
book for her children. “The person who has done this should be put in
prison.”

A tabloid newspaper has small pages and large photos. It has short
stories which are easy to explain. It uses simple language and large
headlines, which often include funny rhymes or jokes.
A broadsheet newspaper is a more formal newspaper with large
pages. It has more international news. Articles are more factual and use
longer sentences and paragraphs. They have fewer photos than tabloid
newspapers.

Extra information
Broadsheets are also known as the quality press and are more likely to
include analysis of the news, as well as reporting and opinion pieces.
People believe they are more intellectual and are read by better
educated readers. Some examples are The Times (UK) and The
Washington Post (US). Tabloid newspapers often focus on sensational
or celebrity stories as well as general news. Although they use simple
language, they often include slang and puns so they are not necessarily
easier for non-native speakers to understand. Some examples are The
Sun (UK) and The New York Post (US).

Listening passages:
Reporter: How did you get into journalism?
Journalist: I started as a trainee on a local newspaper and then I started
a three year apprenticeship. I’ve written for many newspapers since
that time. Reporter: What advice can you give a
student reporter like me? Journalist: Learn from
your mistakes! When I was first interviewing people, I was asking too
many questions. Let the person talk and always listen very carefully.
Give both sides of the story and make sure any facts or quotes are
accurate. When I first wrote news stories, I often included my own
feelings and opinions. This was not good. If you’re writing a news story,
try to be objective.
Reporter: Have you ever interviewed anyone famous?
Journalist: I’ve interviewed lots of celebrities.
Reporter: Who was the most annoying person you’ve interviewed?
Journalist: There was one grumpy person that I remember! I was
interviewing a well- known actor when he told me to be quiet.
The actor didn’t want to answer my questions! Reporter: Is it a hard
job?
Journalist: It can be. Sometimes I wonder why I’m tired, and I
remember that I’ve worked for twelve hours without a break! But
journalists usually love what they do. Reporter: What kind
of person does a good journalist have to be?
Journalist: You obviously have to be good at writing, but you also have
to be a naturally nosy person and you really need to be interested in
people. I’ve worked with a lot of journalists and the best ones have these
three qualities. Reporter: What advice
would you give to young people listening who want to become
journalists?
Journalist: Get some experience on the school newspaper or work for a
local newspaper for free. And don’t give up. Keep trying until someone
gives you a chance. I was working as a volunteer and at a shop while I
was at university. And I applied for eighteen jobs before I got my first
full-time job. 12 years later, I’m still here!

Bias by placement • Position of the article on the page – the stories

at the top of the page are the ones which the editor wants to show as
most important Bias by omission •
Leaving out certain stories • Leaving out facts or certain information
which does not agree with the writer’s point of view
Bias by ‘spin’ • Choosing examples or data which support one side •
Presenting an opinion as a fact. • Using emotional language to persuade
the reader
Audio script
So, moving on, what exactly is bias? First of all, let’s look at bias by
omission. This means leaving something out, for example a fact or a
quote, which maybe doesn’t support the writer’s point of view. Let’s
look at some examples. Imagine Heba over here every morning checks
the same website to read the news. She likes the way the articles are
written and feels that she is getting good information. But one day her
friend, Marwa over here recommends a different news site. When Heba
looks at this she sees completely different news stories with a very
different point of view. Let’s say that on Heba’s website there is a big
story about how angry people are that a local factory is about to close.
Marwa’s website has the same story, but it doesn’t mention that anyone
is angry. The writer has omitted this information to make us feel
differently about the story. The second type of bias might be placement.
On Heba’s website the story is at the top of the page with a big photo
and large text. This gives the impression that it is an important story.
But on Marwa’s website the story is very short on the third page and
very low down on the page where people might not see it. The third type
of bias is spin … the writer tries to make the reader feel the same way
they do about a topic and doesn’t present a balanced point of view. They
do this by choosing certain words, for example ‘argued the factory
manager’ instead of ‘agreed the factory manager’. Secondly, they
choose to include certain information and leave other information out.
Thirdly, they give only one point of view, in our example, the journalist
gives the reaction of the staff in the factory, but not the managers – it
misleads the reader into thinking it is a bad thing. On the other hand, in
Marwa’s story, it is presented as a good thing. It mentions that there is a
lot of pollution caused by the factory. The journalist in this case is
trying to…

Reading
A; Millions to be spent on project that will make our traffic worse!
Car drivers are angry about plans to open a new bus lane from the city
centre. The plan, which will cost $200 million, will stop all cars using
Yellow Road, one of the most important roads into the city. “Traffic in
the city is already terrible,” says businesswoman Mrs. Joan Bates. “If
they close Yellow Road, it will be even worse.” Another business person
who uses South Road regularly, Mr. Jason Shelley, says, “Why are they
planning to close roads? With so many cars in the city, they need to
build new ones. No one wants to take buses because they are too slow.”

B’ New route to serve university

There are plans for a new bus lane from the city centre to the university.
The $200-million project will mean closing Yellow Road to cars, but will
make the journey by bus 30 minutes faster. The organizers believe the
project will help attract students to the university and that the electric
buses will also reduce pollution. The bus lane will also be used by bikes
and taxis. The project is part of a long-term plan to persuade people to
use public transport rather than driving, to help reduce traffic and air
pollution

Writing skills
The outlines of an essay:
A- Introduction

1-introduce the topic 2-present the two opinions briefly 3-state your
position clearly

B-Main body→give three reasons to support your opinion

Paragraph 1→topic sentence///example/supporting statements

Paragraph 2→topic sentence///example/supporting statements

Paragraph 3→topic sentence///example/supporting statements

C-Conclusion→sum up/restating your opinions in different words///suggest a

solution or an action

Although=whilst(for contrast)///personally=in my view(give opinion) ///firstly=to

begin with(starting a topic)
Because of=due to(giving reasons) ///next=secondly(for sequence)in
turn=consequently(for result) ///lastly=finally(finishing) ///in summary=to
conclude=in conclusion=in brief=briefly(conclusion)

In a persuasive essay each main paragraph usually starts with a ‘topic sentence ‘to
introduce the main idea of a paragraph.

A hook: is the opening sentence in which you grab the readers’ attention to make
them want to complete reading the essay

Exercises on vocab
1-A ………newspaper has small pages and large photos.

a) broadsheet b)bold c)tablet d)tabloid

2-A newspaper that has short stories which are easy to explain, it is a ……….. .

a)broadsheet b)bold c)tablet d)tabloid

3-A………uses simple language and large headlines which often includes funny
rhymes or jokes.

a)broadsheet b)bold c)tablet d)tabloid

4-A………newspaper is a more formal one with large pages and more international
news.

a)broadsheet b)bold c)tablet d)tabloid

5-Articles are more ………and use longer sentences and paragraphs in a broadsheet
newspaper.

a)imaginative b)forceful c)factual d)fictional

6-Which newspaper has fewer photos? A……… .

a)broadsheet b)bold c)tablet d)tabloid

7-Broadsheets are also known as the ………press and more likely to include analysis
of the news.

a)quantity b)quality c)amount d)qualification

8- what are the professional and……… qualities that make a good journalist?

a-essay b-ethical c-mythical d-methodology

9-People believe broadsheets are more………and are read by better educated
readers.

a)meaningful b)intelligence c)intellectual d)physiological

10-………newspapers often focus on sensational or celebrity stories as well as

general news.

a)Broadsheet b)Bold c)Tablet d)Tabloid

11-Tabloid newspapers use simple language, but include slang and ………

a)spun b)puns c)drums d)dunes

12-Tabloid language isn’t necessarily easier for ………speakers to understand.

a)native b)non-native c)original d)locals

13-Photos of Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows have appeared on the internet,
four days before the final book is ………be published.

a)because of b)due to c)owing to d)in addition to

14-It isn’t known who took photographs of the book whose ……have been kept a
secret.

a)comments b)signatures c)contents d)reviews

15-Some websites have………the photos after receiving warnings from the

publisher’s lawyers.

a)moved b)removed c)cultivated d)ruined

16-It is also ……that some people were typing up copies of the book to share
illegally.

a)claimed b)renamed c)sealed d)waged

17-This case………despite the careful security put in place before the book is
published.

a)occurred b)took c)been d)gone

18-The security steps ……asking booksellers not to tell the media when or if they
had copies of the book.

a)contained b)consisted c)revolved d)included

19-The incident ……the problems of online book piracy which is becoming much
more common.

a)highlights b)lessens c)decreases d)divides

20-Online book ……is one of the problems stuck to online publication.

a)pharmacy b)piracy c)faithfully d)forcefully

21-One of the internet cheats could ……Harry Potter surprise by sharing it .

a)ruin b)reign c)rain d)ride

22-Social media……a negative impact on news and society.

a)have b)has c)are d)is

23- He researched different qualities……… the ones mentioned in the interview.

a-at b-to c-of d-by

24- Social media has a negative impact …… news and society.

a)in b)on c)at d)to

25-Social media has become the ……..source of the news.

a)main b)minor c)moment d)minute

26-Social media has become the main……… of the news.

a)origin b)source c)organ d)ankle

27-These days 68………of people who have internet access get their news from
social media.

a)percentage b)purpose c)percent d)result

28- These days 68 percent of people who have internet access get their news from
social media. The underlined clause can be replaced by……

a)towards b)about c)with d)from

29-These days 68 percent of people who have internet ……… get their news from
social media.

a)assist b)asset c)access d)assumption

30-What happens nowadays means that we can find news……… .

 a)easy b)easily c)more easier d)the easiest

31-We are obliged to get ………updates on our phones.

a)ordinary b)regular c)temporary d)commentary

32-He found it difficult ………Philip pirrip.

a)say b)said c)saying d)to say

33-I encourage students to refer to the lesson ………to find the answers.

a)if b)unless c)if necessary d)if not

34-Students are requested to compare their answers ……..a partner.

a)to b)with c)by d)from

35-I …….her, but I also felt sorry for her.

a)scared b)scattered c)sacred d)scored

36-On …….Day guests are invited to dinner.

a)Christ b)Christmas Christian d)Jews

37-A blacksmith is the person who is able to mend handcuffs and ……… .

a)leg-irons b)gloves c)aprons d)ducks

38-The criminal felt ………about the crime but he didn’t do anything to relieve
himself.

a)innocent b)guilty c)suspected d)convicted

39-Write a letter ……what you think will happen next.

a)describe b)describing c)to describe d)to describing

40-A teacher should allow students to ……..notes before writing their essays.

a)make b)to make c)making d)made

41-Teachers monitor and offer support as ………

a)need b)needed c)needing d)to need

42-Students read their answers to the class and the teacher ………a brief discussion
about the different ideas.
 a)hold b)make c)do d)gain

43-I saw a man ……leg-irons talk in the graveyard.

a)in b)on c)of d)to

44- I saw a man in leg-irons ……… in the graveyard.

a)talks b)talk c)talked d)to talk

45-I told the students to write their answers ……..,everyone on their own.

a)chorally b)individually c)in pairs d)in groups

46-Mrs. Joe ……that a pie has gone from the kitchen.

a)recognises b)realises c)specializes d)modernizes

47-Mr. Hameed goes ……the example and explains what the students should do.

a)over b)across c)above d)on

48-Learners are asked to put the events in ……order on the timeline.

a)physiological b)psychological c)historic d)chronological

49-The convict wanted to ………his leg-irons using a file.

a)remind b)wind c)remove d)dive

50-‘Instruction’ is derived from the verb ……… .

a)construct b)instruct c)destruct d)induce

51-The verb’feed’can be combined with the adverb to form the ……’feedback’.

a)adjective b)adverb c)noun d)verb

52-If ……properly ,the phone is a useful invention.

a)use b)using c)to use d)used

53-Using a ……we could make the metal smooth as it was rough.

a)saw b)pliers c)hammer d)file

54-To stop the arrested guy from moving his hands ,the police put on……… .

a)boots b)gloves c)handcuffs d)leg-irons

55-They set……… early after putting on their walking boots.

a)of b)off c)on d)up

56-The area of land where people used to bury their deaths is……… .

a)courtyard b)hall c)graveyard d)comb

57-Dickens used nature as a ………that reflects and expresses the characters

‘emotions.

a)mind b)mirror c)reflexive d)gravity

58-Pip’s ………circumstances and feelings are introduced through nature around

him.

a)fortune b)luck c)unfortunate d)warmth

59-Being a/an………he missed family warmth.

a)mandatory b)orphan c)original d)suspected

60- A successful journalist has to be ………and interested in people.

a-noisy b-nosy c-noise d-nasal

61-The marshes become dark and frightening as the sun ……… .

a)sits b)stands c)rises d)sets

62-While Mona was running after the dog, she saw the convict ………against the
angry red sky.

a)stands b)to stand c)standing d)stood

63-The ………sun is often seen as beautiful or calming, but it was angry.

a)sitting b)setting c)standing d)scaffolding

64-……the end of the chapter, pip walked against the blowing wind and rain.

a)At b)In c)On d)To

65-the characters of the story were about to witness a physical and emotional
……… .

a)struggle b)stain c)sustain d)fragile

66-Jasmin performed the task …….. to his instructions .

 a)including b)regarding c)according d)containing

67-Read the question with the class checking ……… .

a)understand b)understanding c)to understand d)understood

68-The teacher instructed the students to work ………their own or with a partner.

a)on b)of c)to d)with

69-Metaphor and ………are examples of literary devices.

a)illusion b)alliteration c)optical d)oculist

70-Literary ………are techniques used by writers to help express ideas in a creative

way.

a)advices b)stools c)tools d)devices

71-Pip didn’t ………the soldiers that he had seen him.

a)to b)for c)of d)by

72-A graveyard is usually marked with a/an ……..with the name of the person.

a)stone b)crown c)angel d)angle

73-It was a time of increasing movement in which education was …….improving.

a)grade b)gradually c)gradual d)gradualness

74-Agood teacher should ask some ………up questions to elicit suggestions.

a)check b)follow c)obey d)examine

75-When we want to introduce the topic, we use ……… .

a)whilst b)due to b)to begin with d)lastly

76-Draw attention to the layout of the persuasive essay we can replace ‘layout’ with
……… .

a)frame b)justification c)clarification d)outline

77-To justify or give a reason for something we use ……… .

a)personally b)generally c(consequently d)due to

78-In a/an ………the author restates their opinions in different words.

 a)topic b)introduction c)conclusion d)essay

79-Instead of using ‘although’ to express contrasting ideas we can use ……… .

a)consequently b)potentially c)whilst d)typically

80-Many phrases can express one’s opinion, not of which ……… .

a)personally b)in my view c)if you ask me d)totally

81-In a persuasive essay a writer gives a brief account of ……….opinion(s).

a)one b)two c)three d)no

82-We need to ask ourselves why people write reviews online ‘online ‘here is
……… .

a)adjective b)adverb c)noun d)verb

83-We ask students to read through the text to establish the ………of the article or
the crux.

a)guest b)host c)gist d)just

84-A/Ann………means presenting information or a situation in a particular way

that makes your idea seems good.

a)spin b)bass c)omission d)pride

85-The term spin is often used in………to describe a form of propaganda.

a)economy b)politics c)physics d)Olympics

86-There plans for a new bus……..from the city centre to the university.

a)lamb b)lane c)lane d)mane

87-Though the crime rate was higher than anywhere else, the police commissioner
tried to put a persuasive ………on the report.

a)rapport b)orbit c)spin d)rubric

88-Imagine you are this woman ……..a photo with her phone, write about that

a)taken b)who taking c)is taking d)taking

89-When a person is trapped, they maybe ………in their car.

a)stuck b)stung c)stood d)slip

90-Have the student………their notes about the report.

a)write b)writing c)written d) to write

91-Bias by ……means leaving something out a fact or quote which maybe doesn’t
support the writer’s point of view.

a)placement b)omission c)balanced d)misleading

92- Being a/an orphan he ……… family warmth.

a)lost b)gained c)earned d)missed

93- Some sentences have been ………from the original articles.

a-reminded b-deluged c-removed d-rewarded

94-I want to inform you how ………that a local factory is about to close.

a)are angry people b)angry people are c)angry are people d)people angry
are

95-The writer has omitted this information deliberately to make us feel ……..about
the story.

a)different b)differently c)difference d)differ

96-The writer has omitted this information deliberately to make us feel differently
about the story. This is a bias by………

a)omission b)placement c)balance d)spin

97-The action of supporting a particular person thing in an unfair way is

called……… .

a)balance b)bias c)span d)placement

98-She has a natural tendency for scientific subjects, ‘tendency’ can be replaced
by………

a)balance b)bias c)omission d)placement

99-Look at the slides from a lecture……… on a media course.

A(gives b)given c)giving d)is given

100-Bias by ………focusing on information which only supports one side of an

argument, presenting an opinion as a fact.
 a)placement b)spin c)omission d)position

101-The editor put the story on the front page off his website to be read firstly, this
is a bias by………

a)placement b)spin c)omission d)position

102-You are going to hear …….of a talk about media bias.

a)part b)a part c)partial d)partition

103-Some journalists use words and phrases to support or ……… a service, product
or even an idea in a spin bias.

a)propose b)oppose c)enclose d)consent

104-Emotional language is used to persuade the reader in a kind of bias

called………

a)placement b)spin c)omission d)position

105-I………to a football match, but I would like to go.

a)didn’t go b)went c)have never been d)have been

106-Which article ………a bigger emotional effect on the reader?

a)have b)has c)do d)does

107-A person who behaves dishonestly in order that they can get something is
called……… .

a)piracy b)cheat c)demand d)breath

108-When you ………you ask for something in a strict and serious way.

a)request b)demand c)offer d)urge

109-With books closed ask students where ………their news from.

a)do they get b)they get c)get they d)do get they

110-If you illegally copy and sell others’ work you are a/an …….. .

a)parrot b)pirate c)bated d)priest

111-Damage and spoil are synonyms but when you spoil completely you ………

a)reign b)rain c)ruin d)resign

112-Adjectives are ordinary and extreme ,surprised and upset are ordinary while
………is extreme.

a)angry b)shocked c)hungry d)happy

113-Wait with bated breath a phrae meaning wait with a lot of ………and
excitement.

a)nervous ness b)calmness c)happiness d)rudeness

114-You………when you say that something is true although it hasn’t been proved

a)flame b)claim c)demand d)match

115-When something happens in a particular place or situation ,we say it ……… .

a)occurs b)affords c)orders d)takes part

116-Publishers………a lot of money from books like harry potter .

a)make b)do c)rise d)win

117-All books should be free or even cheap ………online.

a)read b)reading c)to read d)being read

118-Book piracy………publishers millions of dollars every year.

a)cost b)costs c)have cost d)costing

119- Students should think about style and……..on writing an essay.

a-conference b-conduct c-coherence d-conjunction

120-Without the earned money ,publishers can’t ………to pay the authors.

a)offer b)afford c)demand d)ruin

121-For that reason, I think piracy is a crime which ………

a-must punish b-must be punishing c-must be punished c-must be punish

122-Find a school subject which ………you.

a-interest b-interests c—to interest d-interesting

123-Differences and similarities are …….. .

a-adjectives b-adverbs c-antonyms d-synonyms

124-Rewrite the article in ………or tabloid style.

a-spreadsheet b-broadsheet c-boardsheet d-tabloid

125-The daily mail is full of photos and small pages ,its language is slang with puns
ait’s a kind of ………newspaper.

a-Spreadsheet b-broadsheet c-boardsheet d-tabloid

126-The Washington post in USA ,includes analysis off the news and read by better
educated readers ,it’s classified as a ………newspaper.

a-spreadsheet b-broadsheet c-boardsheet d-tabloid

127-Tabloid isn’t ………easier for non-native speakers to understand.

a-necessary b-necessity c-necessarily d-necessities

128-Nada often ………running races at school but she was a cheat.

a-gained b-lost c-won d-earned

129-The family picnic was ………when there was a sandstorm and they waited
inside.

a-ruined b-claimed c-demanded d-saved

130-The train station has been closed by the police as there has been a/an…….. .

a-piracy b-cheat c-incident d-breath

131-People waited with bated ………while the firefighters helped the family from
the fire ,thankfully none was hurt.

a-breeze b-breath c-breathe d-breathing

132-Those who work at the factory ………better pay an shorter working hours.

a-said b-told c-demanded d-afforded

133-Downloading music from some websites on the internet without payig an

example of…………. .

a-tertiary b-territory c-piracy d-bureaucracy

134-It’s …….. to know that 52% of world population are under 30 years old.

a-upsetting b-shocking c-shaking d-demanding

135-The criminal lawyer made it clear that copying e-books without the ………of
the authors is a crime.

a-permission b-dimension c-inclusion d-suppose

136-Her crimes were………to the country’s international crime court.

a-demanded b-revered c-referred d-reserved

137-Remind the students to check………the work fit grammatically into space.

a-unless b-as soon as c-whether when

138- Book piracy costs publishers ……… every year.

a) million of dollars B)millions dollars c)millions of dollar d) millions of

dollars
139-A………Danish student in late 20s was punished for selling pirated digital
copies of textbooks.

a-farmer b-former c-latter d-last

140- A former Danish student in ……… 20s was punished for selling pirated digital
copies of textbooks.

a-latter b-later c-lately d-late

141-In addition to being punished by law, she is also …….. to pay a large sum of
money for the crime of piracy.

a- required b-inquired c-offered d-underlined

142-A former Danish student in late 20s was punished for selling pirated digital
copies of textbooks. ‘Danish’ is a………

a-country b-nationality c-town d-city

143-It’s stated that the convict has now received a punishment for ………copyright
law.

a-breaking b-recording c-violating d-publishing

144-When ………to give a reason why he did that ,the boy justified his deed

a-ask b-to ask c-asking d-asked

145-I am helping students obtain books ………a lower price.

 a-in b-at c-by d-with

146-It………clear to her that copying e-books that one doesn’t own the rights to is
illegal.

a-make b-made c-was made was making

147-It was made clear to her that copying e-books that ……… doesn’t own the
rights to is illegal.

a-ones b-one c-they d-her

148-It was made clear to her that copying e-books that one doesn’t ……… the rights
to is illegal.

a-owe b-own c-belong d-debt

149-……being punished by law, she is also required to pay a large sum of money for
the crime of piracy.

a-In addition b-Due to c-Thanks to d-In addition to

150

151- in addition to being punished by law, she is also required to pay a large ………
of money for the crime of piracy.

a-some b- sum c-thumb d-same

152-i encourage my students to justify their answers by giving examples of

the………of tabloids or broadsheets.

a-character b-quantities c-amounts d-characteristics

153-i encourage my students to ……… their answers by giving examples of the

characteristics of tabloids or broadsheets.

a-falsify b- justify c-glorify d-purify

154- A former Danish student in late 20s was punished for selling pirated ………
copies of textbooks.

a-printed b-published c-bullied d-digital

155- Remind the students to check whether the work ……… grammatically into
space.

a-fit b-fat c-foot d-fiat

156-students should think about style……… coherence on writing an essay.

a-in addition b-as well as c-as well d-either

157-students decide where the missing words should go and ………sentences.

a-where b-which c-in which d-who

158-write an essay about qualities needed for a journalist.

159-when you’re interviewing someone, you ask as …….. questions as you can.

a-many b-much c-more d-most

160-if you’re interviewing someone ……not to show your own opinions.

a-will try b-trying c-would try d-try

161- Bias by omission means ……… something out a fact or quote which maybe
doesn’t support the writer’s point of view.

a)talking b)emitting c)leading d)leaving

162-journalists should ………trying till they find a chance for a good interview.

a-keep b-stay c-remain d-retire

163-what………wrong ,when she first met people?

a-she did b-does she do c-she does d-did she do

164-what should you………when you write news story?

a-don’t include b-not include c-not to include d-no include

165- Social media has a negative ……… on news and society.

a)reason b)contrast c)affect d)impact

166- Bias by omission means leaving something ………, a fact or quote which maybe
doesn’t support the writer’s point of view.

a)off b)onto c)at d)out

167-what qualities do you think you………be a journalist?

a-must b-have to c-need to d-have got to

168-ensure students understand what……… .

 a-a teacher does b-a teacher is c-is a teacher d-does a teacher

169-there………one grumpy person that I remember.

a-were b-did c-was d-are

170- Broadsheets are also known as the quality press and more likely to ………
analysis of the news.

a)contain b)include c)involve d)consist

171-. “We are happy to announce the engagement of Nada.” A synonym for
“announce” here is ……

a. conceal b. hide c. decline d. declare

172- “The victim demanded to get a compensation.” A synonym for “demanded”

here is …

a. obliged b. requested c. inquired d. enquired

173-“She was shocked by the bad news” A synonym for “shocked” is

………………………

a. suspected b. stunned c. relaxed d. relieved

174-."………" is to get hold of something suddenly or roughly

a) grab b) marsh c) fall d) set off

Grammar///unit one

The past simple tense ‫زمن الماضى البسيط‬

‫ فعل‬+ ‫ فاعل‬ed (‫…………………) تصريف ثانى‬.

‫مصدر الفعل‬ )‫تصريف اول (مضارع بسيط‬ )‫نصريف ثانى (ماضى بسيط‬ ‫تصريف ثالث‬

visit visit / visits visited visited

watch watch / watches watched watched

go go / goes went ‫فعل شاذ‬ gone

be am / is / are Was / were ‫فعل شاذ‬ been

 have have / has had ‫فعل شاذ‬ had

do do / does did ‫فعل شاذ‬ done

‫ يعبر الماضي البسيط عن حدث انتهى في الماضي في وقت محدد‬-

- She visited London in 2010. - I was in Alexandria a month ago.
- At the age of seven, my parents took me to Jordan.
. ‫ يستخدم الماضي البسيط للتعبير عن حدثين متتابعين في الماضي‬-2
- When he had an idea, he wrote a short story.
- I went to the park and met my friends.
.‫ يعبر عن عادة في الماضي و غير مستمرة اآلن‬-3
- I played tennis every day when I was younger.
- I always ate breakfast before I went to school.
- She cooked lunch every day last week.
: ‫ يعبر عن الحقائق الماضية وعن االفعال المنتهية (الموتى) وعن الحدث الثانى‬- 4
- Shakspeare wrote Hamlet. – Colombus discovered America.

) be (.‫ نستخدم الماضي البسيط و ليس الماضي المستمر إذا كان الفعل يعبر عن حالـــــة‬: ‫ ملحوظة هامــــة‬-
- I saw Ali while he was at the sports club. (NOT: was being)
: ..… ,first, then, next , at last, finally ‫ يعبر عن سرد االحداث فى الماضى مع‬- 5
- Ali found a bag ,then he went to the police station.
‫ يستخدم لوصف حدث استمر لفترة في الماضي و لكنه غير موجود اآلن‬-6
- She lived in Tokyo for seven years.
- They were in London from Monday to Thursday of last week.
.‫) الشرطية‬If( ‫ في الحالة الثانية من‬-7
- If he helped us, we would win.
‫ يستخدم مع التعبيرات اآلتية ليعبر عن أحداث مستبعدة أو مستحيلة الحدوث في المضارع أو المستقبل )ماضى‬- 8
.)‫غير حقيقى‬
1- I wish +‫ ماضي بسيط تعبير يدل على التمنى‬+ ‫فاعل‬
- I wish mum wasn't ill. - I wish the Egyptian team played well.
2- It's time + ‫ ماضي بسيط تعبير يدل على اللو واالنتقاد‬+ ‫فاعل‬

2- I 'd rather +‫ ماضي بسيط تعبير يدل على التفضيل‬+ ‫فاعل‬

- I would rather she helped him. - I'd rather Ali didn't come.
:‫ يستخدم الماضى البسيط مع الكلمات اآلتية‬
yesterday - ago - last…. - in the past - once / once upon a time ‫ ذات مرة‬- one day - in
(2007) – from + ‫ سنة‬+ to + ‫ – سنة‬When I was………………
- How long ago = When - for

‫ فاعل‬+didn’t / couldn’t + ‫ فاعل‬/// ‫ مصدر الفعل‬+wasn’t / weren’t + ‫ صفة ( نفى الماضى‬/ ‫اسم‬
‫(البسيط‬

‫ مفعول‬+ was / were / got + ) ‫تصريف ثالث (المبنى للمجهول فى الماضى البسيط‬

Used to + inf. ‫اعتاد أن‬

 : ‫ تستخدم للتعبير عن التناقض بين العادات أو المواقف فى الماضى و الحاضر‬
- I used to eat breakfast before I went to school.
- He used to swim every day. Now he doesn't ( swim ).
- He used to be late all the time. Now, he isn’t ( late ).

+ didn't use to‫مصدر‬ :‫ وفي حالة النفى نستخدم‬

- I didn’t use to play computer games, but now I do.
+ did ‫ فاعل‬+ + use to‫مصدر‬ :‫وفي حالة السؤال نستخدم‬
- Did you use to walk to school? - Where did you use to live?
:‫ ويأتي بعدها الفعل في المضارع البسيط‬used to ‫ بدال من‬no longer ‫ تستخدم‬
- He used to smoke. = He no longer smokes.
‫ مع نفى الفعل في المضارع البسيط و تأتى في‬used to ‫ بدال من‬any more / any longer‫ تستخدم‬
:‫نهاية الجملة‬
- He used to smoke. = He doesn't smoke any more.
used to = It was my habit to ……… / I was in / got the habit of ……..
.)was / were used to v.ing( ‫ كما يمكن التعبير عن عادة في الماضي باستخدام‬-
- I was used to eating breakfast before I went to school.
‫ فاعل‬+used to + be………………but, ‫ فاعل‬+ (isn’t / aren’t) now.

‫ فاعل‬+used to + ‫……………… اى فعل اخر‬but, ‫ فاعل‬+ (doesn’t / don’t) now.

The past continuous tense ‫زمن الماضى المستمر‬

Form ‫ فاعل‬+ was / were + V. ing………. .

- Ali (he) was reading a story. - Aya and Heba (They) were cooking
lunch.
1- ‫يستخدم الماضي المستمر للتعبير عن حدث كان مستمرا لفتـــرة أو في وقت محدد في الماضي‬

: ‫ يستخدم الماضى المستمر مع الكلمات اآلتية‬

all day yesterday = the - ‫ عندما‬when -‫ فى اللحظة التى‬just as -‫ بينما‬as - ‫ بينما‬While
yesterday morning / at noon - ‫ طوال الوقت‬all the time - ‫ طوال األمس‬whole day yesterday

‫ للتعبير عن حدث كان‬While / when / As / Just as( ( ‫ يستخدم الماضي المستمر مع كلمات مثل‬--
‫مستمرا في الماضي قطعه حدث أخرفي الماضي البسيط‬
1-While / As / When / Just as)‫ماضي بسيط ( الحدثان تقاطعا‬, )‫ماضي مستمر ( فاعل‬
While I was sleeping, a thief entered the house.
= As I was sleeping, a thief entered the house.

‫ للتعبير عن حدثين كانا مستمرين في نفس‬While / when / As / Just as ‫ يستخدم الماضي المستمر مع‬-
‫الوقت في الماضي‬

2-(While / As / When / Just as) …. )‫ … ماضي مستمر …( الحدثان لم يتقاطعا‬, … ‫ماضي مستمر‬
 -(While / As / Just as) my mother was making the dinner, I was looking after my
sister.
- While I was studying, my father was reading.
- While she was walking in the street, she met one of her old friends.

) v .ing( ‫ فاعل يأتي بعدها‬while ‫ إذا لم يأتي بعد‬-we………’to’ to form the past of go-170

- While playing, I fell down.

Choose
- While (playing – he was playing ) football, he scored a goal.
- While (playing – he was playing ) football, Ali was studying English.

noun ‫ و يأتي يعدها‬while ‫ بدال من‬during ‫ يمكن استخدام‬-

- While he was playing the game, he got hurt.
- During the game, he got hurt. = - He got hurt during the game.
- During the party, I met an old friend.
- During my lunchtime, the phone rang.
When ‫ ماضي بسيط‬, )‫ماضي مستمر ( فاعل‬
When ‫ ماضي مستمر‬, )‫ماضي بسيط ( فاعل‬
: ‫ ماضى بسيط ثم ماضى مستمر أو العكس حسب المعنى‬when ‫ يمكن أن يأتى بعد‬
- I was studying English when the lights went out.
- The lights went out when I was studying English.
- When I was having a shower , the phone rang
: ‫ في الماضي البسيط‬when ‫يمكن أن يكون الحدثين مع‬
‫ في الماضي البسيط إذا كانا متتابعين و لم يقطع احدهما اآلخر‬when ‫ يمكن أن يكون الحدثين مع‬-
 When he arrived , he found the door locked.
‫ أو اسم‬V. ing ‫ و يأتي يعدها‬when ‫ بدال من‬On ‫ يمكن استخدام‬-
- On arriving / his arrival, he found the door locked.
:‫ يأخذ نفس شكل الفعل الذي يسبقها‬and ‫ الفعل بعد‬-

a-used b-are used c-didn’t use d-used no• He

listening to some music.

:‫ في الماضي المستمر‬to Be ‫ الحظ عدم استخدام‬

• While / When I was at school, I worked to a plan.
: ‫ ماضى مستمر و الفعل األخر ماضى بسيط‬because ‫يمكن أن يأتى بعد‬
- Magdy couldn’t hear the phone because he was having a shower

‫ ملكي``ة ولكن‬، ‫ ادراك‬،‫ فهم‬،‫ رأى‬،‫ حاس``ة‬،‫ ش``عور‬،‫ عادة ال نستخدم الماضى المستمر مع األفعال التى تصف حالة‬
: ‫نستخدم معها ماضى بسيط ألنها تعبر عن حالة ثابتة ودائمة‬
- ‫الحظ عدم استخدام األفعال الدالة علي الحالة في الماضي المستمر‬. - She (seemed – was seeming )
ill when I visited her.

- While I was at home, someone knocked on the door. (NOT: was being)

. ‫ فقط‬was / were ‫ فى االستمرار ولكن نكتفى بـ‬V.To.Be ‫ ال يستخدم‬: ‫الحظ‬

:‫أفعال الحواس قد تأتى فى االستمرار اذا جاءت بمعنى مؤقت و متغير مثل‬
- Where are you? - I’m tasting the food. – Why are you smelling the food?

.‫) و تستخدم بدال من جملة كاملة مبنية للمعلوم‬V.ing( ‫ هي مجموعة من الكلمات تبدأ بـ‬-
- As Sara was walking to town yesterday, she saw two of her friends.
- Walking to town yesterday, Sara saw two of her school friends.
- As Rami was running down the road, he fell over and hurt his back.
- Running down the road , Rami fell over and hurt his back

PRESENT PERFECT ‫المضارع التام‬

Form: ‫ فاعل‬+ have / has + P.P. ………………. .
- I have tidied my bedroom. - Ali has played tennis for
an hour.
.‫ يستخدم المضارع التام للتعبير عن حدث تم في الماضي وأثــــــره مازال موجود في الحاضر‬-1
- Ahmed has hurt his leg, so he can't play football today
- She has cleaned the kitchen. (The kitchen is clean now)
- He has broken his leg. (He can't walk easily)
- Ahmed has hurt his leg, so he can’t play football today.
)never( ‫) و‬ever( ‫ يستخدم المضارع التام للسؤال عن الخبرات السابقة دون تحديد وقت حدوثها عادة مع‬-2
- I have never eaten Chinese food. - Have you ever ridden a camel?
- Have you ever met anyone famous?
- I have never flown on a plane. Have you ever tried snorkelling?
3- ‫ وعند التحديد نستخدم ماضى بسيط‬.‫ يعبر عن حدث تم فى الماضى دون تحديد وقت حدوثه‬:
- She has polished her shoes. - He has fed the sheep.
- Ahmed has been to many countries, but he hasn't visited England yet.
‫الحظ االختالف الثانيه تم تحديد الزمن لذلك استخدمنا ماضي بسيط‬
- She has polished her shoes. - She polished her shoes yesterday.
4- )‫ يدل المضارع التام علي حدث متكر ( عدد ما تم انجازه ) (أي أن ذلك الحدث قابل للحدوث مرة أخري‬:
- Salah has scored a hundred goals. (He can score more.)
- She has been to the cinema twice this week. (and the week isn't over yet.)
- I have been to France three times.
- ‫ لكن إذا استخدمنا الماضي البسيط مع حدث متكرر فمعني ذلك أن الحدث توقف‬:
- He wrote 46 novels. (He stopped writing. / he died)
before :  I'm sure I haven't seen this man ‫ يستخدم إذا انتهت الجملة بكلمة‬-5
.before
 :‫ يستخدم المضارع التام مع الكلمات اآلتية‬-
Just / already / yet / so far‫ حتى اآلن‬/ ever / never / lately /
recently
/ since / for / so far / up till now
‫مالحظــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــات‬
.PP ‫ والتصريف الثالث‬have / has‫ تأتي بين‬ever / never / just / already ‫ الحظ أن‬-
- I have just written the letter. - He has already eaten his lunch.
:‫ في نهاية الجملة‬already ‫ يمكن أن تأتي‬
 Twenty million people have seen the film already.
.‫ في األسئلة‬already ‫ نستخدم‬-
- Have you already written to John?
:‫ ( في الجملة‬already - just( ‫االختالف بين‬
. I have just finished the homework.  = I finished the homework a moment ago
. I've already done the job.  = I did the job two hours ago
.Choose: The plane has ( already – just ) flown . I can see it in the sky

‫) في السؤال وفي اإلثبات في الجمل التي تتضمن صفة درجة ثالثة أو رقم ترتيبي‬ever( ‫ يمكن استخدام‬-
? Have you ( ever – never ) seen a real lion -
- This is the strangest match I have ever watched.

: ‫ في اإلجابة‬never ‫ في السؤال و‬ever ‫الحظ استخدام‬

 Have you ever travelled by plane?  No, I have never travelled by plane.
such ‫تستخدم ىثرثق ايضا قبل صفه المقارنه وقبل‬
.I have never watched a more interesting film than this one -
.I have never met a taller boy than Ali -
.I have never watched such an interesting film like this one -
‫ في نهاية األسئلة الن الحدث لم يتم و الجمل المنفية‬yet ‫ تستخدم‬-
.Has he arrived yet? - They haven't eaten lunch yet -
‫ في نهايه السؤال‬yet ‫ وليس‬already ‫واذا تم الحدث نستخدم‬
.Have you finished the test ( yet – already )? – You are quick -
.Have you finished the test ( yet – already )? – You should hurry -
.He came late,yet he attended the meeting -‫بمعني لكن او مع ذلك‬ yet ‫ملحوظه‬
Has Salah scored goals lately / -‫) بنفس الطريقة في السؤال‬recently / lately ( ‫– تستخدم كل من‬
?recently
‫ يفضل استخدام‬- ) recently ( ‫ )في اإلثبات و‬lately ( ‫في النفي‬
- She has moved to a new house recently. - He hasn't phoned me lately.
‫) ذهب لمكان ومازال‬has /have gone to( ‫) بمعنى ذهب لمكان وعاد أما‬has /have been to( ‫ نستخدم‬-
)‫هناك (لم يعد‬
- My sister has gone to school. (She is still at school now.)
- My sister has been to the cinema. (She isn't there now).
)for( ‫) و‬since( ‫ يستخدم المضارع التام للتعبير عن حدث بدأ في الماضي و مازال مستمرا حتى اآلن مع‬-
- Mona has studied English for ten years. - We have been at this school since 2012.
- I have lived in Tanta since 1984 (= and I still do.)
- Susan hasn't finished her homework yet. (= and she is still doing it.)
.‫ يأتي بعدها مدة هذا الحدث‬for ‫ نقطة زمنية تحدد بداية الحدث أما‬since ‫ يأتي بعد‬-
 For + ‫مدة كاملة‬ Since +( ‫) بداية المدة‬
a while –a moment-a second-a minute- an Last (week- month – year – Monday - night
hour -a day- a night- a week – a month – a 1995 / 5 o'clock /Sunday
season- a year ( five days /ten years ) The /this morning –yesterday
a long time / ages ) / a decade / / ever Lunch time – spring – then
–more than-some time His arrival/ childhood/death-
last/past the For week/month. last + ‫مدة زمنيه‬ Marriage/ birthday
a/an ‫ و‬s ‫ وتاتي مع كل ما انتهي ب‬the I /He/she was................/ the age of……
Since the last + ‫اسم‬
since the last visit-the last holiday

- We have owned this house since 1988 - He has known the same friends for 3 years.
‫ أيضا اسم يدل علي وقت معلوم مثل‬since ‫ كما يأتي بعد‬-
- lunch / lunchtime / his childhood / her wedding / their arrival…….
- She has stayed her since her marriage. - He has known the same friends since his
childhood.
I haven’t seen him since he left -‫ تكون زمن الماضي بسيط‬since ‫ الجملة التي تأتي بعد‬-
-for Cairo

‫)صعب ( أي المدة ال يمكن تحويلها إلي نقطة زمنية) نستخدم التركيبة‬since( ‫) إلي‬for( ‫ إذا كان التحويل من‬-
‫التالية‬
It ( is – has been ) ‫ مدة‬since ‫ماضي بسيط‬
- He hasn't travelled for ages. (since) - It is ages since he travelled.
He hasn’t studied for a long time. ( since ) - It is a long time since he studied.
‫ كما يستخدم المضارع التام إذا وجدنا الجملة مـا يلـي‬-
- It’s/This is the first (second…) time... - It’s the first time I have been to this
place.
- It’s (This) is the only… - This is the only play I have seen.
- In the last few years / months……. - Egypt has changed a lot in the last few
years.
- In recent years - It has not rained in the Western Desert in recent years.
- Over the ages / over the years…. - The earth has become more crowded over the
ages.
Have/has been +V- ing ‫ المضارع التام المستمر من‬
‫ ويعبر عن حدث بدأ واستمر حتي اآلن‬
 I've been studying all day.
‫ لتوضيح نتيجة موقف في الحاضر‬
 I've been running. That's why I'm so tired.
 It's been raining a lot recently‫ ويعبر عن حدث استمر بشكل منتظم من الماضي الي الحاضر‬
 I've been learning Greek for the last few months.
:‫ ويستخدم المضارع التام المستمر غالبا ً مع‬
All day / all week/ all afternoon/ all evening / for…now/for..not yet/ since /
lately / recently / over the last few months
:‫ الحظ استخدام المضارع التام فقط‬
 My ً‫عندما ال يستغرق الفعل وقتا ً طويال‬-1
.uncle has joined the army
 Mona has sent me three : ‫عندما نذكر عدد المرات التي قمنا فيها بالحدث‬-2
.e-mails
:‫ في حالة وجود أفعال الحواس و الشعور واالدراك ال تستخدم في األزمنة المستمرة‬-3
 I've known Yara since kindergarten.
Exercise on Grammar

171-He………as a trainee on a local newspaper and then he began a three-year

apprenticeship.

a-starts b-started c-is starting d-has started

172-When she first………new stories, she often included her own feelings and
opinions.

a-wrote b-writes c-has written d-had written

173-You ………stupid .it’s part of your personality.

a-are b-are being c-is d-were

174- You ………stupid. only now, not usually.

a-are b-are being c-is d-were

175-I………that coffee is great, this is my opinion.

a-think b-am thinking c-was thinking d-to think

176-I………about my next holiday. I consider that.

a-think b-am thinking c-was thinking d-to think

177-I……..a car.

a-have b-has c-am having d-having

178-I……..a good time.

a-have b-has c-am having d-having

179-I………what you mean.

a-see b-am seeing c-seeing d-sees

179-I………my friend Ramy tomorrow.

a-see b-am seeing c-seeing d-sees

180-This soup……..great.

a-taste b-tastes c-is tasting d-tasty

181-The chef ………the soup.

a-taste b-tastes c-is tasting d-tasty

182-When I ……… first interviewing people, I was asking too many questions.

a-interview b-interviewing c-was interviewing d-am interviewing

183-i………as volunteer at a shop when I was at university.

a-works b-used to worked c-is working d-was working

184-he used to work as a guide, but now he……… .

a-isn’t b-don’t c-doesn’t d-hasn’t

185-she used to be grumpy, but now she……… .

a-isn’t b-don’t c-doesn’t d-hasn’t

186-she ………a grumpy.

a-no longer is b-is no longer c-isn’t no longer d-does no longer

187-she used to smoke; means she………anymore.

a-does b-is c-isn’t d-doesn’t

188-hany was in the habit of……… .

 a-smoke b-smokes c-smoking d-used to smoke

189-he used………punished by his tutor.

a-to be b-be to c-being d-been

190-………his homework use to be written by him?

a-Did b—Was c-Were d-Does

191-I………up early. I don’t mind doing it.

a-used to get b-am used to getting c-used to getting d-am used to get

192-I always hated the hot weather, but I ……..it when I lived in Somalia.

a-used to b-get used to c-got used to d-didn’t use to

193-I………the guitar, but I don’t have times now.

a-got use to playing b-used to playing c-used to play d-got used to play

194-Eventhough I loved my old job, I………the long hours.

Couldn’t e used to b-couldn’t get used to c-couldn’t use to d-could use to

195-I’ve been a nurse for 2 years, but I don’t know if I ………night shifts.

a-‘ll ever used to wo b-‘ll get used to work c-‘ll ever get used to working d-‘ll
ever used to work

196-You’ve stopped hiking? But why? You………all the time.

a-used to go b-get used to go c-used to going d-get used to going

197-We heard Maha got promoted!.........her as your boss?

a-Are you used to having b-Did you use to have c-Are you used to have d-Did
you use to having

198-She works from home so she ………people around her all day.

a-isn’t used to have b-is used to not having c-used to having d-is used to
having

199-But then I………my arm and that was the end of my boxing career.

a-broke b-used to break c-would break d-got used to break

200-She ………sugar in her tea as it wasn’t on her diet plan

a-used to have b-would have c-didn’t use to have d-wouldn’t have

201-In my first year at university, I………for an hour every morning before

breakfast.

a-have run b-didn’t ran c-used to running d-would run

202-i………your brother lately, has he gone away?

a-didn’t see b-haven’t seen c-saw d-has seen

203-Where have you ………?

a-go b-were c-gone d-been

204-He………out.

a-just went b-has gone just c-has just gone d-just has gone

205-Have you had the breakfast? No, I ………it yet.

a-didn’t have b-hadn’t had c-haven’t had d-hadn’t had

206-………my stamps? I saw them a moment ago.

a-Does you see b-Did you saw c-Have you saw d-Have you seen

207-Tom………a bad car crash. He’s probably at hospital.

a-has had b-had c-had had d-has been having

208-Tom………up three times this morning, it’s already 11a.m.

a-ring b-rang c-has rung d-had rung

209-Tom………up three times this morning, it’s already 2p.m.

a-ring b-rang c-has rung d-had rung

210-………since he left home?

a-Has he written b-Did he write c-Does he write d-Is he write

211-I’ve changed my mind ……… .

a-for b-since c-since then d-for long

212-Have you become happy? I’ve………changed my mind.

a-for b-since c-since then d-for long

213-Since my accident, I………with my left hand.

a-writes b-wrote c-have written d-has written

214-I’ve worn glasses ………my childhood.

a-for b-since c-ever d-never

215-This is the best coffee I……… .

a-drink b-drank c-have drunk d-am drinking

216-I………such a good coffee.

a-have ever drunk b-have never drunk c-had ever drunk d-had never
drunk

217-It………three months since I used my left arm.

a-is b-has c0has gone d-are

218-He………in the army for 2 years ,he’s a teacher now.

a-was b-has been c-has d-had been

219-It’s said that the building of the temple……… in23BC.

a-started b-starts c-have started d-starts

219-Our team tried hard, but they ………the game.

a-lost b-have lost c-lose d-losing

220-I asked her if……… .

a-did she like the candy b-she liked the can c-has she liked the candy d-she
has liked the candy

221-During the 1980s,i………diving in Hurghada.

a-used to b-used to go c-am used to d-used go

222-It has been such a long time ………she last saw him

a-for b-very c-since d-ago

223- Which of the following is punctuated correctly? .........................................
a- The teacher said, You must follow school rules, Hatem.”
b- The teacher said, “You must follow school rules, Hatem”.
c-The teacher said “You must follow school rules, Hatem.”
d- The teacher said, “You must follow school rules, Hatem.”

224-Pollution has a serious effect on our health. However, a lot of people are still
ignorant of the importance of keeping the environment clean. This
shows ........................................ in ideas. a- addition b- contrast
c- possibility d-reason

225-In a hook sentence, you need to .........................................

a- sum up your essay by briefly revisiting the information covered.
b- grab the reader’s attention to read the essay.
c- support, explain, illustrate, or provide evidence for the idea expressed in the topic
sentence. d- analyse two points of view by either comparing them,
contrasting them, or both.

Read the text and answer the questions.

Few women had become pharaohs of ancient Egypt before Hatshepsut, who is one
of the most important females in Egyptian history. She was pharaoh from around
1479 BCE to 1458 BCE, making her one of the longest ruling females. During her 21
years of rule, she improved trade with other countries, which had stopped for many
years during a war. Pictures from the walls of ancient temples show Hatshepsut’s
ships trading with a country called Punt (now part of East Africa), from where her
ships brought back gold, valuable stones and animal skins. They also brought back
trees, which were planted when they returned to Egypt. This is believed to be the
first time foreign trees were grown in a different country. The journey to Punt was
probably the first of other trading trips, which included visits to Byblos (now in
Lebanon) and Sinai. Money from this trade helped Hatshepsut to build many
amazing buildings and bring many years of peace and wealth to Egypt. The many
buildings that Hatsheput had built were usually larger and more impressive than
buildings of the past. Her most famous buildings include the temples at Beni Hasan
and at Deir el-Bahri, which some people call one of the wonders of the ancient
world. But she also helped to repair other older monuments that had been damaged
and started a period of artistic creativity. Hatshepsut had many statues made of
herself and you can find them in many of the world’s greatest museums today.
Many of the statues that were made at this time were in the Thutmoside style
(named after her father Thutmose I), which people today consider as the typical
ancient Egyptian style. The mummy of Hatshepsut and lots of information about
her can be found at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization.

1- What was Hatshepsut’s main contribution to ancient Egypt?

A She had statues built. B She brought peace and wealth to the country. C
She helped women become pharaohs. D She was a female stereotype.
2- Which of the following do we not learn about Punt from the text?
A Many trees grew there. B People hunted animals there.
C It was a rich country. D It had many wars with ancient
Egypt. 3- How could Hatshepsut afford to build so much
during her rule? A She improved trade
with other countries. B She won wars with other countries. C She planted trees
from other countries. D She had many statues made of herself.
4- What do we know about the statues that were made of Hatshepsut?
a- They are unusual. b- They are in a style that people expect.
c- They are more impressive than other statues. d- They are in a very unpopular
style.

5- Why do you think many of ancient Egypt’s older monuments had been damaged
before Hatshepsut’s
rule? ......................................................................................................................................
................................................
6- In what ways is Hatshepsut a good role model for women
today? ...........................................................................
7- According to the article, gold, valuable stones and animals
were ............................................................................
A finally kept in Punt B sold to African countries C brought to Egypt
D restored before the reign of Hatshepsut.
8- People consider Deir el-Bahri one of the wonders of the ancient world. Wonders
is similar in meaning to...........
a- obstacles b- myths c- marvels d- superstitions
9- Which of the following is incorrect according to the passage?
a- Not many women had become pharaohs of ancient Egypt before Hatshepsut.
b- Hatshepsut improved trade with other countries, built many amazing buildings
and made wars with others during her reign.
c- We can see the statues made for Hatshepsut in many of the world’s greatest
museums today. d- Hatshepsut traded with a country in East Africa.
10- We can see the mummy of Hatshepsut ........................................................
A -at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilisation B- in East of Africa
C- in the temples at Beni Hassan D- at a museum in Punt
11- Trade with other countries ....................................................... during
Hatshepsut’s rule. A- flourished B- declined C- stopped
D- was the same as 12- According to the
article, which of the following gives incorrect information?
a- During the reign of Hatshepsut, foreign trees were planted in Egypt.
b- Hatshepsut had older monuments repaired.
c- Hatshepsut ruled Egypt for more than twenty years.
d- Today, people consider the Thutmoside style of making statues as a typical
modern one. 13- Hatshepsut .......................................................
during her rei a- had a lot of amazing
buildings built b- achieved peace c- brought wealth to the country d- all of the above

Exercise on writing skills

1-In a persuasive essay, restating the thesis is included in

the……….paragraph.
(A) Introductory (B) body (C) opposing view
(D) concluding
2-“To refute” means to ………..
(A) prove (B) improve (C) approve
(D) disprove
3-In a persuasive essay, a supporting sentence is included in
the……….paragraph.
(A)introductory (B)body (C)opposing view
(D)concluding
4-In a persuasive essay, each body paragraph sheds light on……….
evidence
(A)only a piece of (B)a little (C)much
(D)no
5-The…….. reveals the position to be argued.
(A)body (B)thesis (C)background
(D)bulk
6- What is the first sentence of a paragraph called?
a. The introduction sentence b. The topic sentence
c. The closing sentence d. The supporting
sentence
7- An essay is………………
a. a series of sentences about one main topic.
 b. a series of paragraphs about one main idea, or point.
c. the sentence that expresses the main point, or idea, of a
paragraph.
d. an excellent way to get a lot of information down on paper.
8- What is the first paragraph in the essay called?
a. Conclusion b. Body paragraph c. Introduction d.
Exposition
9- Which of these should be avoided in a good essay?
a. Slang b. Dignified words c. Brevity
d. Unity
10- What is a hook?
a. An opening a sentence that captures the reader’s attention.
b. The last sentence of a paragraph.
c. A tool used to catch a thought. d. A boring sentence.
11- When do you use supporting details or supporting sentences?
a. Never use these in paragraphs because they are for essays only.
b. Before the first sentence at the introduction.
c. After the topic sentence and before the closing sentence.
d. After the last sentence because it helps you summarize the
paragraph.
12- The introductory paragraph has three parts. Which of the
following is NOT part of the introductory paragraph?
a. thesis b. direct quote c. background d. hook
13. The conclusion of an essay should
a. include last minute ideas and thoughts for the future.
b. have a restatement of the thesis and thoughts for the future.
c. be a recap of the whole essay. d. be only two sentences.

Read the sentences and choose the correct translation from A, B,

C or D. 1- Innovation is endless. The
more man seeks progress and welfare, the more he invents things that make life
easier. However, do you think all inventions don’t have negative aspects?
 ‫أ‪-‬االبتكار ال نهاية له فكلما ابتكر االنسان اشياء تجعل الحياة اسهل كلما سعى الى التقدم والرفاهيةومع ذلك هل‬
‫تعتقد ان كل االختراعات ليست لها جوانب سلبية؟‬

‫ب‪-‬االبتكار ال نهاية له‪ ،‬فكلما ابتكر االنسان أشياء تجعل الحياة أسهل‪ ،‬كلما سعى الى التقدم والرفاهية‪ ،‬ومع ذلك‪،‬‬
‫هل تعتقد أن كل ااخراعات ليست ها جوانب إيجابية؟‬
‫ج‪ -‬االبتكار ال نهاية له‪ ،‬فكلما سعى االنسان إلى التقدم والتطور‪ ،‬كلما سعى أشياء تجعل الحياة أسهل‪ .‬ولذلك‪ ،‬هل‬
‫تعتقد أن كل االختراعات ليست لها جوانب سلبية؟‬
‫د‪ -‬االبتكار ال نهاية له‪ ،‬فكلما سعى االنسان إلى التقدم والرفاهية‪ ،‬كلما ابتكر أشياء تجعل الحياة أسهل‪ .‬ومع ذلك‪،‬‬
‫هل تعتقد أن كل االختراعات ليست ها جوانب سلبية؟‬

‫‪Women have played a pivotal role in the renaissance of ancient and modern‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪societies. Through this role, they demonstrated their ability to achieve positive‬‬
‫‪.change in those societies‬‬

‫ا‪-‬لقد أظهرت ال مرأة دورا محوريا فى النهضة بالمجتمعات القديمة والحديثة ‪،‬ومن خالل هذا الدور‬
‫استعرضن قدراتهن ان يحققن تغيير ايجابى فى تلك المجتمعات‪.‬‬
‫ب‪-‬لقد أظهرت المرأة دورا محوريا فى النهضة بالمجتمعات القديمة والحديثة ‪ ،‬وأظهرت من خالل‬
‫هذا الدور رغبتها في تحقيق التغير االيجاي في هؤالء المجتمعات‪.‬‬
‫ج‪-‬لقد لعبت المرأة دورا محوريا فى النهضة بالمجتمعات القديمة والحديثة ‪ ،‬وأظهرت من خال‬
‫هذا الدور قدرتها على تحقيق التغير اإليجابي في تلك الحضارات ‪.‬‬
‫د‪-‬لقد لعبت امرأة دورا محوريا فى النهضة بالمجتمعات القديمة والحديثة ‪،‬ومن خالل هذا الدور‬
‫استعرضن قدراتهن على تحقيق تغيير ايجابى فى تلك الثقافات‪..‬‬

‫من المتوقع أن تتوقف طباعة الصحف في العقود القليلة القادمة‪ .‬سنقرأ االخبار عبر اإلنترنت‪3- ،‬‬
‫لذلك سنحتاج إلى معرفة المزيد عن المواقع اإللكترونية الجديدة التي يمكن أن تعطينا وجهة نظر‬
‫‪.‬متوازنة‬
‫‪A- I n the next few decades, I think that we will have continued printing‬‬
‫‪newspapers. We won’t be reading the news offline, so we will need to know about‬‬
‫‪new books that can give us a balanced point of view.‬‬

‫‪B- In the next few years, I think that we will have stopped painting newspapers. We‬‬
‫‪will be borrowing the news online, so we will need to know about new websites‬‬
‫‪that can give us a fixed point of view.‬‬

‫‪C- In the next few decades, it is expected that printing newspapers will have‬‬
‫‪stopped. We will be reading the news online, so we will need to know about new‬‬
‫‪websites that can give us a balanced point of view.‬‬
D- In the next few decades, I think that we will have stopped printing newspapers.
We will be reading the news online, so we will need to know about new websites that
can give us a balanced point of view.

4- ‫ وتحديد كل‬،‫يهدف منتدى شباب العام ال ُمقام فى مصر سنويا إلى الدعم الكامل للشباب‬
‫المشكالت التي تواجه̀م وحلها الستفادة بشكل فعال من مهارتهم و إمكانياته̀م في تطوير المجتمع‬
‫وتحقيق التنمية الشاملة‬ A-
The International Men Forum, which is held in Egypt annually, aims to fully
support young people and identify and solve all the problems they face, to effectively
benefit from their skills and capabilities in developing society and achieving
comprehensive improvement.

B- The World Youth Forum, which is annually held in Egypt, aims to fully support
youth and identify and solve the problems they face, to effectively benefit from their
skills and capabilities in developing society and achieving comprehensive
development.

C- The International Youth Forum, which is held in Egypt annually, seems to fully
care for young people and simplify and solve the problems they face to effectively
benefit from their skills and capabilities in improving society and achieving
comprehensive development.

D- The local Youth Forum, which is held in Egypt annually, aims to fully look for
young people and identify and postpone all the problems they face to effectively
benefit from their skills and capabilities in developing society and achieving
comprehensive development.

5- ‫ لذا تفرض عقوبة‬,‫ت هتم الدولة دائما بحماية حقوق الملكية الفكرية للمؤلفين والناشرين‬
‫صارمة على القرصنة الفكرية وتسريب الكتب حفاظا على حقوق المنتجين ودورالنشر‬.
A The estate is always takes care of protect the intellectual property rights of
authors and publishers, so it imposes a strict penalty on intellectual piracy and book
leak in order to preserve the rights of producers and publishing homes.
B The state is always interested in protecting the intellectual property rights of
authors and publishers, so it propose a strict penalty on intellectual privacy and
book diversion in order to preserve the rights of producers and publishing houses.
C The state is always interested in protecting the intellectual property rights of
authors and publishers, so it imposes a strict penalty on intellectual piracy and book
leaking in order to preserve the rights of producers and publishing houses.
D The estate is always interested in protecting the intellectual liberty rights of
authors and publishers, so it imposes a strict penalty on intellectual piracy and book
lake in order to preserve the rights of producers and publishing houses

***Write an argumentative essay of about 200 words on one of these topics:

1 Write about the advantages and disadvantages of international sports
competitions such as the FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games.
2 Write about the pros and cons of tabloid and broadsheet reports.

Test on unit one