Zamboanga Sibugay

GIYA
(Guided, Integrated, Yearning Activities)

for Learners
TLE - ICT - Computer Systems Servicing (CSS) 9
First Quarter Week 3 Day 1- 4

Learning Objectives:
1. Define quality improvement.
2. Identify the quality improvement process.
3. Value the importance of quality improvement.
4. Identify the difference between quality control and quality
assurance.
5. Value the importance of quality control and quality
assurance.
6. enumerate simple tools to ease quality improvement process.

CG Code: TLE_IACSS9-12 AQS-Ic-3

Written by:

CG Code: Rovelyn
TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Ig-h-8
M. Bermejo
San Antonio National High School

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 DAY 1
MINI-LESSON

Hi! Good day! How are you today?

Today we will be learning about a
quality improvement.

Quality Improvement

In technical usage, quality can have two meanings:

1. The characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability

to satisfy stated or implied needs.

2. A product or service free of deficiencies.

The Quality of a Product or service refers to the perception of the

degree to which the product or service meets the customer’s
expectations. Quality is a perceptual, conditional and somewhat
subjective attribute.
The dimensions of quality refer to the attributes that quality achieves
in Operations Management:

Quality <-> Dependability <-> Speed <-> Flexibility <-> Cost

▪ Quality supports Dependability

▪ Dependability support Speed
▪ Speed supports Flexibility
▪ Flexibility support Cost

In the manufacturing industry it is commonly stated that “Quality

drives productivity”.

Improved productivity is a source of greater revenues,

employment opportunities and technological advances. The best way to
thinks about quality is in process control. If the process is under control,
inspection is not necessary.
In the past, when we tried to improve quality, typically defined as
producing fewer defective parts, we did so at the expense of increased
cost, increased task time, longer cycle time, etc.
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 Quality Management Terms:

▪ Quality Improvement can be distinguished from Quality Control in

that Quality Improvement is the purposeful change of a process to
improve the reliability of achieving an outcome.

▪ Quality Control is the ongoing effort to maintain the integrity of a

process to maintain the reliability of achieving the outcome.

▪ Quality Assurance is the planned or systematic actions necessary

to provide enough confidence that a product or service will satisfy
the given requirements for quality.

II. GUIDED PRACTICE ACTIVITY

Directions: Write T if the statement is correct and if the statement is false

underline the wrong word and write the correct answer on the space
provided.

______1. The quality of a product or service refers to the perception of

the degree to which the product or service meets the customer’s
expectations.

______2. Quality has specific meaning unless related to a specific

function and/or object.

______3. Quality is a perceptual, unconditional, and somewhat subjective

attribute.

______4. Quality supports dependability.

______5. Speeds support flexibility.

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 III. INDEPENDENT PRACTICE ACTIVITY

Direction: Fill in the blanks. Use the given words inside the box.

Quality speed flexibility

Dependability cost productivity

1. _______supports dependability.

2. Flexibility supports ________.

3. _______ supports flexibility.

4. Dependability supports _________.

5. Quality drives ___________.

IV. EVALUATION

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answer in your notebook.

___1. What do you call a planned or systematic action necessary to

provide enough confidence that a product or service will satisfy the
given requirements for quality?
a. Quality improvement c. Quality assurance
b. Quality control d. Quality management process

___2. In the manufacturing industry, it is commonly stated that “Quality

drives _________”.
a. quantity b. productivity c. improvement d. control

___3. What are you going to do to maintain the integrity of a process

maintain the reliability of achieving an outcome?
a. quality control c. quality assurance
b. quality improvement d. quality management

___4. Improved productivity is a source of greater _______, employment

opportunities, and technological advances.
a. revenues b. improvement c. success d. achievement

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___5. The dimension of quality refers to the attribute that quality achieves
in operations management
Which is NOT a dimension of quality?
a. quality b. quantity c. flexibility d. cost

DAY 2
MINI-LESSON

Hi, learner! How are you? Today,

we will be learning new topic which
is Quality Assurance (QA)

Quality Assurance (QA)

What is Quality?

Quality is extremely hard to define, and it is simply stated: “Fit for

use or purpose.” It is all about meeting the needs and expectations of
customers concerning functionality, design, reliability, durability, and price
of the product.

What is Assurance?
Assurance is nothing but a positive declaration on a product or
service, which gives confidence. It provides a guarantee that the product
will work without any problems as per the expectations or requirements.

How to do Quality Assurance: Complete Process

Quality assurance has defined cycle called PDCA cycle or Deming

cycle. The phases of this cycle are

✓ Plan
✓ Do
✓ Check
✓ Act

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These steps are repeated to ensure that processes followed in the
organization are evaluated and improved periodically.

✓ Plan – Organization should plan and establish the process related

objectives and determine the processes that are required to deliver
a high-Quality end product.

✓ Do – Development and testing of processes and also “do” changes

in the process.

✓ Check – Monitoring of processes, modify the processes, and check

whether it meets the predetermined objectives.

✓ Act – Implement actions that are necessary to achieve

improvements in the processes.

An organization must use Quality Assurance to ensure that the product

is designed and implemented with correct procedures. This helps reduce
problems and errors, in the final product.

What is Quality Control (QC)?

Quality Control popularly abbreviated as QC. It is a Software

Engineering process used to ensure quality in a product or a service. It
does not deal with the processes used to create a product; rather it
examines the quality of the “end products” and the final outcome.

The main aim of Quality control is to check whether the products

meet the specifications and requirements of the customer.

QC also evaluates people on their quality level skill sets and imparts
training and certifications.

Difference between Quality Control and Quality Assurance

Sometimes, QC is confused with the QA. Quality control is to

examine the product or service and check for the result. Quality
Assurance is to examine the processes and make changes to the
processes which led to the end-product.

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Source:https://i.pinimg.com/originals/b4/c8/f6/b4c8f60a85db64052a37d192716d0e0
3.png

Examples of QC and QA activities are as follows:

Quality Control Activities Quality Assurance Activities

Walkthrough Quality Audit
Testing Defining Process
Inspection Tool Identification and selection
Checkpoint review Training of Quality Standards
and Processes

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 II. GUIDED PRACTICE ACTIVITY
Directions: Define the following:

1. Quality
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

2. Assurance
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

3. Quality control
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

4. Quality assurance
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

III. INDEPENDENT PRACTICE ACTIVITY

Directions: Fill in the blank to complete each statement. Write your

answer in your notebook.

1. Quality is extremely ______ to define, and it’s simply stated: “Fit

for use or purpose”.

2. Quality assurance has defined PCA cycle or _____ cycle.

3. An organization must use ___________ to ensure that the product

is designed and implemented with correct procedures.

4. Organization should plan and establish the process related

objectives and determine the processes that are required to deliver
a _______ and product.

5. _______ is to examine the product or service and check for the

result.

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 IV. EVALUATION

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answer in your notebook.

___1. What is a cycle called PDCA cycle or Deming cycle?

a. quality control c. quantity control
b. quality assurance d. quantity assurance

___2. Which is NOT the main aim of quality control?

a. to check whether the products meet the specification
b. if an issue or problem are not identified
c. to check whether the product meets the requirements of
customer
d. need to be fixed before delivery to the customer

___3. If you have to examine the processes and make changes to the
processes which led to the end-product, what do you call this
method?
a. Quality assurance c. quantity assurance
b. quality control d. quality improvement

___4. What phases cycle that the organization should implement actions
that are necessary to achieve the improvements in the process?
a. plan b. do c. check d. act
___5. How are you going to ensure that processes followed in an
organization are evaluated and improved periodically?
a. By doing PDAC cycle c. By doing PDCA cycle
b. Through PADC cycle d. Through PCDA cycle

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 DAY 3
MINI-LESSON

Hi, learner! How are you? Today, we

will be learning new topic which quality
and task-completion checking.

Quality and Task-Completion Checking

With development teams of two or three in daily contact and

frequently exchanging views and criticisms, detailed, written quality and
task-completion checking procedures may be felt to be unnecessary.
Procedures still need to be agreed and the results need to be
documented. The need to check the quality and task completion applies
all stages of the development process but is underlined especially during
the prototype validation stages.

The importance of documenting checks applies whatever the size

of the team and whatever the complexity of the software. In the production
of assets, this may involve checking to confirm the following:
▪ That all the asset files listed in the product specification the
document has been produced;
▪ That files are correctly named;
▪ That files are the correct byte size or near the projected file size
(examining the file sizes in a directory listing can be helpful in
identifying problem files which are either much too large or much
too small);
▪ That files are the correct resolution (screen-size and bit-depth in
the case of graphics; duration, sampling frequency, and bit-
depth in the case of sound files);
▪ That the quality of files displaying on the target monitor or heard
on target listening equipment is acceptable.

Note that sampling is seldom a satisfactory checking method.

Checking should be exhaustive unless for reasons of time or economy
this is impossible. At the end of the day, all files will need to be tested and,
if at all possible, this should be done sooner rather than at a later trial
stage.

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 Quality Improvement Processes

Manufacturers can choose from a variety of tools to improve their

quality processes.

Easy to implement and follow up, the most commonly used and
well-known quality process is the plan/do/check/act (PDCA) cycle. The
PDCA cycle promotes continuous improvement and should thus be
visualized as a spiral instead of a close circle.

Another popular quality improvement process is the six-step

PROFIT model in which the acronym stands for:

P – Problem definition
R – Root cause identification and analysis
O – Optimal solution based on the root cause(s)
F – Finalize how the corrective action will be implemented.
I – Implement the plan.
T – Track the effectiveness of the implementation and verify that the
desired results are met.

If the desired results are not met, the cycle is repeated. Both the
PDCA and the PROFIT models can be used for problem-solving as well
as for continuous quality improvement.

II. GUIDED PRACTICE ACTIVITY

Directions: Give the meaning of the acronym “PROFIT”.

P - ______________________________________

R - ______________________________________

O - ______________________________________

F - ______________________________________

I - _______________________________________

T - ______________________________________

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 III. INDEPENDENT PRACTICE ACTIVITY
Direction: Write True if the statement is true and write False if it is false.

_____1. Procedures still need to be agreed and the results need not be
documented.
_____2. The need to check the quality and task completion applies to all
stages of the development process.
_____3. The importance of documenting checks applies whatever the size
of the team and whatever the complexity of the software.
_____4. Manufacturers can choose from a variety of tools to use for each
situation.
_____5. The PDCA cycle promotes continuous improvement and should
this be visualized as a close circle.

IV. EVALUATION

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answer in your notebook.

___1. Which of the following is the correct order of the most commonly
used and well-known quality process?
a. do/check/act/plan c. plan/do/check/act
b. plan/check/do/act d. check/do/plan/act
___2. Another popular quality improvement process is the six-step
PROFIT model.
What is the letter P in the word Profit stands for?
a. product b. problem c. profit d. process
___3. Which of the most common process for the quality improvement
defines analyze information?
a. plan b. do c. check d. act
___4. The importance of documenting checks applies whatever the size
of the team and whatever the complexity of the software.
Which is NOT included in checking the production of assets?
a. that files are correctly named;
b. that all the asset files listed in the product specification
document have been produced.
c. that the quantity of files displaying on the target monitor or heard
on target listening equipment is acceptable.
d. that files are correct bye size or near the projected file size
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___5. What should you do if the certain desired results are not met?
a. repeat the cycle c. continue the plan
b. make a new plan d. stop the plan

DAY 4
MINI-LESSON

Hi, learner! How are you? Today, we will be

learning the last topic for this learning outcome
which is the simple tools to ease the quality
improvement process.
\
Seven simple tools can be used by any professional to
ease the quality improvement process:

▪ Flowcharts
▪ check sheets
▪ Pareto diagram
▪ cause and effect diagrams
▪ histograms, scatter diagrams
▪ and control charts

The key to successful problem resolution is:

▪ ability to identify the problem,
▪ use the appropriate tools based on the nature of the
problem,
▪ and communicate the solution quickly to others.
FLOWCHART
A flowchart describes a
process in as much detail as
possible by graphically displaying
the steps in the proper sequence.
A good flowchart should show all
process steps under analysis by
the quality improvement team,
identify critical process points for
control, suggest areas for further
improvement, and help explain
and solve a problem.

Figure 1. A basic production process flowchart displays several paths a

part can travel from the time it hits the receiving dock to final shipping.

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CHECK SHEETS

Figure 2. Because it clearly organizes data, a check sheet is the

easiest way to track information
Check sheets help organize data by category. They show how
many times each particular value occurs, and their information is
increasingly helpful as more data are collected. More than 50
observations should be available to be charted for this tool to be really
useful. Check sheets minimize clerical work since the operator merely
adds a mark to the tally on the prepared sheet rather than writing out a
figure.

PARETO DIAGRAMS
The Pareto diagram is named
after Vilfredo Pareto, a 19th-
century Italian economist. are
caused by 20% of the potential
sources.
A Pareto diagram puts data in
a hierarchical order (Figure 3),
which allows the most significant
problems to be corrected first. The
Pareto analysis technique is used
primarily to identify and evaluate
nonconformities, although it can Figure 3. By rearranging random data, a Pareto
diagram identifies and ranks nonconformities in
summarize all types of data. the quality process in descending order.

CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAMS

The cause and effect diagram is sometimes called an Ishikawa
diagram after its inventor. It is also known as a fish bone diagram because
of its shape. A cause and effect diagram describes a relationship between
variables. The undesirable outcome is shown as effect, and related
causes are shown leading to, the said effect.
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 Figure 4. Fish bone diagrams display the various possible causes of the final effect.

HISTOGRAMS
The histogram plots data in a
frequency distribution table. What
distinguishes the histogram from a
check sheet is that its data are
grouped into rows so that the
identity of individual values is lost.
Commonly used to present quality
improvement data, histograms
work best with small amounts of
Figure 5. A histogram is an easy way to see the
data that vary considerably. distribution of the data, its average, and variability.

SCATTER DIAGRAMS
A scatter diagram shows how two
variables are related and are thus
used to test for cause and effect
relationships. It cannot prove that
one variable causes the change in
the other, only that a relationship
exists and how strong it is.

In a scatter diagram, the

horizontal (x) axis represents the
Figure 6. The plotted data points in a scatter
diagram show the relationship between two
measurement values of one
variables. variable, and the vertical (y) axis
represents the measurements of
the second variable. Figure 7
shows part clearance values on
the x-axis and the corresponding
quantitative measurement values
on the y-axis.
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 CONTROL CHARTS

A control chart displays

statistically determined upper and
lower limits drawn on either side of a
process average. This chart shows if
the collected data are within upper and
lower limits previously determined
through statistical calculations of raw
data from earlier trials (Figure 7).

In preparing a control chart, the

mean upper control limit (UCL) and
lower control limit (LCL) of an
approved process and its data are
calculated. A blank control chart with
mean UCL and LCL with no data
points is created; data points are
added as they are statistically
calculated from the raw data.
Figure 7. Data points that fall outside the upper and
lower control limits leads to investigation and
correction of the process.

II. GUIDED PRACTICE ACTIVITY

Directions: Identify the given simple tools that can be used by any
professional to ease the quality improvement process. Write your answer
on your notebook.
1. 2.

3. 4.

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5.

III. INDEPENDENT PRACTICE ACTIVITY

Directions: Define the following:

1. Flowchart
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
2. Check List
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
3. Pareto Diagram
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
4. Cause and Effect Diagram
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

IV. EVALUATION
Directions: Read the question carefully. Choose the letter of the best
answer.
___1. Which is NOT a key to a successful problem resolution?
a. ability to identify the problem
b. communicates the solution quickly to others
c. uses the appropriate tools based on the nature of the problem
d. none of the above

___2. What is the process that has much detail as possible by graphically
displaying the steps in a proper sequence?
a. check sheets c. flowchart
b. histograms d. Pareto diagrams

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___3. Which is NOT an example of simple tools that can be used by any
professional to ease the quality improvement process?
a. cause and effect diagrams c. scatter diagrams
b. Pareto diagrams d. Venn diagram

___4. What type of diagram that shows how two variables are related and
is thus used to test for cause and effect relationship?
a. cause and effect diagram c. scatter diagram
b. Pareto diagram d. Venn diagram

___5. Who’s the proponent of the Pareto diagram?

a. Vilfredo Pareto c. Blaise Pascal
b. Albert Einstein d. Alan Turing

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REFERENCE

Mc Laughlin, Robert, Sasser, Susan Ralston, Fix your own PC.

Philippines Graphics Arts, Inc., Tandang Sora St., Caloocan City

Legaspi, Carlos, Caina, Mark Anthony Operate A Personal Computer.

Dasmarinas Computer Learning Center.

Quality Assured/ Evaluated by:

AMETHYST S. KLING
Siay National High School

JEVAN HOPE S. BALTAZAR

Titay National High School

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