FOR LEARNERS

TLE-9 (ICT)
Second Quarter, Week 2 Day 1-4
Objectives:
1. Identify objects/s or components to be measured.
2. Appreciate reading of binary.
3. Convert decimal to binary and apply different techniques in
checking the conversion from decimal to binary.
4. Compute the actual storage capacity of a hard disk, memory,
compact disk, USB flash drive, SD Card, and the actual speed of a
processor, and the computation of the ideal storage capacity and
speed.

CG Code: TLE IACSS9-12PMC-IIb-d-11

Written by:
AMETHYST S. KLING
Siay National High School

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DAY 1
I. MINI-LESSON

Greetings: Good day learner! Welcome to Computer

Systems Servicing. Today you will be learning about the
different objects/s or components to be measured. Do you
have any idea what are those measuring instrument?

Measuring Instruments:
1. Multimeter (VOM) – A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a VOM, is
an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement
functions in one unit. A typical multimeter can measure voltage (Volt), current
(Ampere), and resistance (Ohm). The Analog multimeter uses a
microammeter with a moving pointer to display readings.
Voltmeter – an instrument for measuring electric potential in volts.
Ex. 220 volts
Ohmmeter – an instrument for measuring electric current in amperes.
Ex. 15 amperes
Types of Multi-meter or Multi-tester:
Name Function/Description Picture
Analog Multi-meter Use a microammeter with a
or multi-tester moving pointer to display
(VOM) readings.

Digital multimeter Have a numeric display, and

(DMM,DVOM) may also show a graphical bar
representing the measured
value.

Cable Tester Is an electronic device used to

verify the electrical connections
in a signal cable or other wired
assembly. Basic cable testers
are continuity testers that verify
the existence of a conductive
path between ends of the cable
and verify the correct wiring of
connectors on the cable.

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 Loopback, or loop- Refers to the routing of
back adapter electronic signals, digital data
streams, or flows of items back
to their source without
intentional processing or
modification. This is primarily a
means of testing/measuring the
communications infrastructure.
Logic Probe Is a hand-held test probe used
for analyzing and
troubleshooting the logical
states (Boolean 0 and 1) of a
digital circuit.
Logic Probe / Digital logic
tester can detect lines that are
at the digital or logic high state.
The logic probe will indicate this
typically with an LED which is
often coloured red. Logic low:
The logic probe also can
indicate a logic or digital low
often coloured green.

II. GUIDED PRACTICE ACTIVITY:

Activity 1: Photo Analysis
Directions: Identify the type of Multi-meter in the picture. Write your answer in your
test notebook.

1. _______________________

2.

_______________________

3.
_______________________

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 4.
_______________________

5.

_______________________

III. INDEPENDENT PRACTICE ACTIVITY:

Activity 2: Match Me!
Directions: Match column A to column B. Write your answer in your notebook.
Column A Column B
1. An instrument with moving A. Digital multimeter
pointer to display readings.
2. It is an electronic device used B. Analog Multi-meter
to verify the electrical
connections in a signal cable.
3. An instrument that have a C. Logic Probe
numeric display, and may also
show a graphical bar
representing the measured
value.
4. It is a hand-held test probe D. Loopback adapter
used for analyzing and
troubleshooting the logical
states (Boolean 0 and 1) of a
digital circuit.
5. This refers to the routing of E. Cable tester
electronic signals, digital data
streams, or flows of items back
to their source without
intentional processing or
modification.

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IV. EVALUATION
Directions: Read the statement carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answer in your notebook.
1. What is also known as VOM?
a. Voltmeter
b. Ohmmeter
c. Multimeter
d. Ammeter
2. Esmeralda wants to measure electric potential in volts, what is the appropriate
instrument to be used?
a. Voltmeter
b. Ohmmeter
c. Multimeter
d. Ammeter
3. Harley wants to measure electric current in amperes, what is the appropriate
instrument to be used?
e. Voltmeter
f. Ohmmeter
g. Multimeter
h. Ammeter
4. Gusion used logic probe and analyze a circuit, how he will know if the logic is
in digital low?
a. If the LED indicator is coloured red.
b. If the LED indicator is coloured green
c. If the LED indicator is coloured black
d. If the LED indicator is coloured yellow
5. Guinevere wants to verify the existence of a conductive path between ends of
the cable, and verify the correct wiring of connectors on the cable, what is the
appropriate instrument to used?
a. Logic probe
b. Cable tester
c. Digital multimeter
d. loop-back adapter

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DAY 2
I. MINI-LESSON

In the previous lesson, you have learned about the

different objects/s or components to be measured. Today
is just a continuation of our last topic.

Are you now ready to learn?

How to Read Binary

Binary is a base-2 number system, where the number two (2) is raised by an exponent
(n-1). The exponent is denoted by the digits’ place (n) and subtracted by 1, wherein it
increases as you move through each position starting from the right going to the left.
For example, number 2 on the first position, so that is 2 raised by n-1, wherein n=1.
2(n-1) = 2(1-1) = 20
Considering the given table below, the first position is the rightmost cell and the
leftmost position is the last cell.
Position
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
(n-1)
Exponent
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
2(Position)
Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Note: The first place should be 1 but since it is (n-1) subtracted by 1, it becomes 0.
The first value is equivalent to 1 because 20 is equal to 1.
Note: Any value with an exponent of 0 is always equal to 1.

The second value is 21 is 2 because it is just 2 itself multiplied by 1.

The third value is 4 because 22 = 2 x 2 = 4, 23 = 8 because 23 = 2 x 2 x 2 = 8, and so
on and so forth.

In a binary system, 1 is equal to ON/TRUE and 0 is OFF/FALSE.

To read a binary number, get the turn – ON value/s and sum it up, no need to include
the turned – OFF value/s. For example:
Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
ON/OFF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

0000 0001 = 1

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Get the sum: 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 1

Or simply get the turn – ON value which is 1.

Multiple values example:

Value 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
ON/OFF 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

0000 0101 = 5
The binary number 0000 0101 is equivalent to 5 because the turned-ON values are:
(ALWAYS START FROM THE RIGHT)
1 and 4
Then get the sum: 1 + 4 = 5
Number 5 and the “Value” in the tables are examples of decimal numbers, the number
system that we have known since we learned how to count numbers.

For us humans, But for computers,

1 0000 0001
+ 2___ 0000 0010
3 0000 0010
Note: Each group of eight bits is known as a byte.
8 bits = 1 byte
That is how the computer represented the letters and numbers, and all the data that
you can see on the computer as images and videos.

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 II. GUIDED PRACTICE ACTIVITY:
Directions: Fill in the table below.

Value 128 1.____ 32 2.____ 3.____ 4 2 4.____

ON/OFF 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

The binary number 0000 0111 is equivalent to 5.____

III. INDEPENDENT PRACTICE ACTIVITY

Directions: Make a multiple values of the binary number 0000 0101.
Value
ON/OFF

IV. EVALUATION
Directions: Read the statement carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answer in your notebook.
1. What do you call a base-2 number system?
a. Binary
b. Trinary
c. Monomial
d. Binomial
2. What number is raised by an exponent (n-1)?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
3. How many bits are there in 1 byte?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
4. How are you going to read a binary number?
a. Get the value of the numbers and sum it up from bottom to top.
b. Get the turn – ON value/s and sum it up, no need to include the turned –
OFF value/s.
c. Get the turn – ON value/s and multiply each number and get the sum.
d. Get the turn – OFF value/s and sum it up.
5. What is the value of 23?
a. 8
b. 6
c. 4
d. 2

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DAY 3
I. MINI LESSON
Decimal to Binary Conversion
𝟏𝟏
Rule: If the fraction is = or .5, it is equivalent to 1.
𝟐𝟐
In converting a decimal number to binary, all you have to do is:
1. Divide the number by 2.
2. Write the quotient and multiply the remainder by 2.
3. Divide the remainder by 2.
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until you get a quotient of 0.
5. Read the values of the remainder from the bottom to top. Write the values to
get the binary value of the decimal number.
Example:
Convert 19 to binary
Decimal number / 2 Quotient Remainder
19 / 2 9 1
9/2 4 1
4/2 2 0
2/2 1 0
1/2 0 1
19 = 10011
Note: A byte has 8 binary digits. Add 0s from the left to complete the 8 digits. The final
answer is 19 = 00010011.
For a more detailed discussion, watch this video through this link: _______
Checking:
There are two ways to check if the conversion is accurate.
Method 1: Binary Table
1. Create a binary table.
2. Input the binary value into the table properly. Each digit should be entered on
the correct column starting from the right to the left.
Decimal 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Binary 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1
State
3. Then add the decimal values with 1.
Method 2: Binary to Decimal Conversion
1. Multiply the bits with its corresponding value.
Note: Always start from the right.
2. Get the sum.
(1 x 1) + (1 x 2) + (0 x 4) + (0 x 8) + (1 x 16) + (0 x 32) + (0 x 64) + (0 x 128)
1 + 2 + 0 + 0 + 16 + 0 + 0 + 0
= 19
Therefore: 19 = 0001 0011

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II. GUIDED PRACTICE ACTIVITY:
Directions: Arrange the steps in converting decimal number to binary, fill in the
sequence in the appropriate box.

1. Divide the remainder by 2.

2. Divide the number by 2.
3. Read the values of the remainder from the bottom to top. Write the values to
get the binary value of the decimal number.
4. Write the quotient and multiply the remainder by 2.
5. Repeat steps 2 and 3 until you get a quotient of 0.

III. INDEPENDENT PRACTICE ACTIVITY

Directions: Convert 14 to binary and fill in the table below.
Decimal number / 2 Quotient Remainder

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IV. EVALUATION
Directions: Read the statement carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answer in your notebook.
1. In converting decimal number to binary what number are you going to divide in
every number?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
2. A byte has 8 binary digits, what number are you going to add to complete the 8
digits?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
3. There are two ways to check if the conversion is accurate, first is the Binary
table, what is the second method?
a. Tree diagram
b. Checking
c. Binary to decimal conversion
d. Fraction to binary conversion
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4. In converting decimal to binary if the fraction is what is its equivalent?
2
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
5. How are you going to write the binary equivalent of the number 11 based on
the table below?
Decimal number / 2 Quotient Remainder
11 / 2 5 1
5/2 2 1
2/2 1 0
1/ 2 0 1

a. 1101
b. 1011
c. 00001101
d. 00001011

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DAY 4
I. MINI LESSON
Binary Prefixes
Also called as prefix multipliers consisting of one-letter abbreviation and the prefix
it stands for.

Unit Symbol Power of 2 (bytes) VALUE in Bytes

Kilobyte KB 210 1,204
Megabyte MB 220 1,048,576
Gigabyte GB 230 1,073,741,824
Terabyte TB 240 1,099,511,627,776

For example:
1 kilobyte = 210 bytes
210 bytes = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = bytes
210 bytes = 1,024 bytes
Therefore: 1KB = 1,024

If you have noticed, a 1 KB is not an exact 1,000 bytes but its 1,024 bytes because
the computer uses binary code in translating capacity and speed. So, if you have
a hard disk with a capacity of 500 GB, its actual size is 536,870,912,000 bytes, and
not 500,000,000,000 bytes.

On the contrary, you cannot view a 1 KB file as an actual 1,024 bytes in your
computer because it’s just how Windows represented it. There are a lot of factors
involved in it and it will not be tackled in this lesson.

The presented capacity of a file or component when viewing in your computer is

dependent on the OS and the manufacturer. What you have learned here is the
actual values in computing and is how computers are being engineered in terms of
capacity and speed.

Data Storage Capacity Calculation

In a storage device, you need to know its capacity as well as how much space is
used and free.
For example, you have an 8 GB flash drive. You want to copy a file with a size of
1 GB and your flash drive’s free space is 2 GB. How much free space will be left
after you copied that file to you flash drive?

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Computation:

Let FSAC = free space of flash drive after copying

FS = 1 GB (size of the file you want to copy)
FSBC = 2 GB (Free space of flash drive before copying)
FSAC = FS – FSBC
FSAC = 2 GB – 1 GB
FSAC = 1 GB
Therefore, there will be only 1 GB of free space in your flash drive after copying
the file.
Checking:
Use the equation FSAC = FS – FSBC
FSAC = FS – FSBC
1 GB = 2 GB – 1 GB
1 GB = 1 GB
Therefore, your computation is correct!

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 II. GUIDED PRACTICE ACTIVITY:
Directions: Fill in the unit in every symbol.
Symbol Unit
KB
MB
GB
TB

III. INDEPENDENT PRACTICE ACTIVITY

Directions: Fill in the blanks.
1._____ kilobyte = 210 bytes
210 bytes = 2._____ x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = bytes
210 bytes = 3._____ bytes
Therefore: 4._____ KB = 5._____ bytes

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IV. EVALUATION
Directions: Read the statement carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answer in your notebook.

1. What is another name of binary prefixes?

a. Binary multipliers
b. Prefix multipliers
c. Prefix binary
d. Binary sum
2. What does FS stand for?
a. Free Space
b. Free Storage
c. Fixing Space
d. Fixing Storage
3. What does FSBC stand for?
a. Free Space of flash drive Begin Computing
b. Free Space of flash drive Before Copying
c. Fixing Space of flash drive Begin Computing
d. Fixing Space of flash drive Before Copying
4. Why do you think 1 KB is not exact as 1000 bytes on your computer?
a. There is excess so that the computer has free space to accommodate more
files.
b. The excess of 1000 will give more speed to the computer.
c. The computer need excess form 1000 bytes to translate and store files
d. The computer uses binary code in translating capacity and speed.
5. You have a 16 GB flash drive. You want to copy a file with a size of 4 GB and
your flash drive’s free space is 8 GB. How much free space will be left after you
copied that file to your flash drive?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8

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