Professional Documents
Culture Documents
General Introduction of Air Conditioning Systems
General Introduction of Air Conditioning Systems
Conditioning Systems
Prof. T. S. Zhao
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
HKUST
temperature,
humidity,
cleanliness,
and motion.
38oC
-12oC
27oC 20-22oC
Condenser
Expansion valve
Controls
Compressor
© T.S. Zhao, 2004
Heating coil
•Heat transfer
from
refrigerant to
air
Heat pump
Furnace
Boiler
Electric resistance
Controls
Makes noise
Performs
differently at
different
conditions (air
flow and
pressure drop)
Provides
ventilation
Makes noise
Affects comfort
Affects indoor
air quality
Provides
ventilation
Makes noise
Affects comfort
Affects indoor
air quality
Controls outside
air fraction
Affects building
security
Imposes
substantial
pressure drop
Requires
Maintenance
Temperature
Pressure (drop)
Air velocity
Volumetric flow
Relative humidity
Enthalpy
Electrical Current
Electrical cost
Fault detection
© T.S. Zhao, 2004
Central AC Systems
Filter
Fan
Cooling coil
© T.S. Zhao, 2004
Central Equipment
Vapor-Compression Chiller
Fan
Warm water
Atmospheric
Air
Return water
Make-up water
Some definitions:
Thermostat--a control device that senses the space
temperature and sends a correcting signal if that
temperature is not within some desired range;
Humidistat–
All-water system:
Only water distributed to separate
zones;
All-air system:
Only air distributed to separate zones
Classifications:
Single-zone system;
Single-zone system with reheat;
Variable-volume system (VAV);
Dual-duct system;
Multizone system. © T.S. Zhao, 2004
All-Air Systems
-Single-zone System
The all-air single-zone air-conditioning system is the basic central system
which can supply a constant air volume or a variable air volume at low,
medium or high pressure. Normally, the equipment is located outside the
conditioned space can also be installed within the conditioned area if
conditions permit. The single zone system is controlled at the central plant.
Features of VAV:
Low initial and operating cost;
Easy and inexpensive to subdivide into new zones;
No zoning required in central equipment ;
Disadvantage: Affect air motion of conditioned space; Create
noise © T.S. Zhao, 2004
All-Air Systems
- Dual-duct System
Radiation;
Evaporation;
Perspiration
respiration
The factor that determines whether one feels hot or
cold is the rate of body heat loss.
© T.S. Zhao, 2004
Human comfort
The rate of body heat is affected by five
conditions:
Air temperature;
Air humidity;
Air motion;
Clothing
21oC 27oC
20-22.2oC
24.4-25.5oC