Topics – 6 : Co–ordinate Geometry

Formula:

B ( x2 , y 2 )
 x x y  y 
1. Midpoint of A and B is  1 2 , 1 2  . 
 2 2 
A( x1 , y1 )

2. Distance between A and B i. e. length AB = x1  x2 2   y1  y2 2 .

C ( x3 , y3 )
1 x1 x2 x3 x1
3. Area of  ABC =
2 y1 y2 y3 y1

1
= x1 y2  x2 y3  x3 y1  x1 y3  x3 y2  x2 y1  A( x1 , y1 ) B( x2 , y 2 )
2

1 x1 x2 x3 x1
4. When A, B and C lie on a straight line. Then Area of  ABC = 0 i, e, =0
2 y1 y2 y3 y1
B ( x2 , y 2 )
y2  y1
5. Gradient of line AB is m  .
x2  x1
A( x1 , y1 )
6. Let, m1 be the gradient of line l1 and m2 be the gradient of line l2 .
(a) When the line l1 is parallel to the line l2 , then m1 = m2 .
(b) When the line l1 is perpendicular to the line l2 , then m1  m2 = - 1.

7. Equation of the straight line y  y1  m( x  x1 ) .

 mx  nx1 my2  ny1 

8. when AC : BC = m : n, then C  2 , .
 mn m  n 

AC BC AC
9. (i) Sin   , (ii) Cos   , (iii) tan   .
AB AB BC

10. (i) Sin(1800   )  Sin  , (ii) Cos(1800   )   Cos  , (iii) tan(1800   )   tan  .
 1
11. (a) Gradient of x–axis is zero. (b) Gradient of y–axis is infinity     .
 0

12. (a) Equation of x-axis is y = 0. (b) Equation of y-axis is x = 0.