Лінгвістичний аналіз тексту

Матеріали до екзамену
Revision for the Exam:
Будь ласка, зверніть увагу на матеріали лекцій та їх
презентацій. Пояснить наступне:
- Linguistics and language, basic notions. Pragmatics, types of
sentence (Lecture materials 1-3 and presentations of lectures 1,
2, 3!!!);
- Text, its main characteristics. Discourse - (Lecture materials 4-5
and presentations of lectures 4, 5 !!!);
- Linguistic terminology (materials for seminars 1-2 !!!);
- Genre, register, varieties (materials for seminars 3-4 !!!);
- Cohesion and coherence( Lectures and materials for seminar
5!!!);
- Phraseology and collocations(Lectures and materials for
seminar 6!!!).

Glossary/ Key words (definitions of the following terms):

Linguistics and grammar….

Syntax studies…

Pragmatics shows…

Discourse analysis is concerned with…

Psycholinguistics explores…

Language is…

Sociolinguistics explores…
Evolutionary linguistics considers…

Grammar focuses on…

Semantics shows…

Comparative linguistics reveals…

Main difference between language and speech is…

Communicative function of a language is…

Representative function of a language is…

Language as a structure has….. levels

Phoneme is…

Syntactical level of a language studies…

Other sign systems are…

Phoneme as a linguistic unit…

Morpheme as a linguistic unit…

Text as a linguistic unit…

Language can be characterized as…

Phrase as a linguistic unit can be characterized as…

Text linguistics describes and explains…

System is a group of…

Language is a group of…

Language is a universal way of communication, other sign systems…

Examples of informative texts…

Examples of expressive texts…

Examples of directive texts…

Text is a written record of…

There are….standards of textuality

Standards of textuality and forms of behavior…

Text kernel consists of…

Textuality includes 7 standards. They are…

Discourse analysis begins by breaking…

The surface text is…

What do we call a surface text?

Surface text components…

References can be…

Cataphoric reference points…

Anaphoric reference points…

Conversation vary in…

Substitution can be…

Examples of temporal marker…

Examples of social marker…

Intentionality concerns…

Discourse is a conversation such as…

Types of theme-rheme progression…

Situationality concerns…

Intertextuality concerns…
Descriptive texts are…

In many texts there is a mixture of…

Discourse analysis focuses on…

Discourse - combination with…

Language is… phenomenon between…

Discourse analysis focuses on…

Conversation is a highly structured activity

Conversation can vary in…

Participants of a conversation follow…

Discourse includes…

Text linguistics is…

Text linguistics appeared in…(year)

Major concern of text linguistics is…

Text as a product approach studies…

Text as a process approach studies…

Instruction manual describes…

Etymologically text comes from… (textere)

The most significant features of a text…

A text and a word…

A notice or a road sign pragmatically tied to…

Linguistic cohesion and semantic coherence…

Argumentative texts are those to…

Relations between text and discourse are in…

Typology of text types can be reduced to 5…

To-down method of textual sequence…

Bottom-up method of textual sequence…

7 standards of textuality are…

Cohesion and grammatical connections…

Types of textual sequences…

Surface texts …. We see and hear…

Coherence – components acceptable and relevant…

Context means culture and situation…

Lexicogrammar means wording and phraseology…

Collocations – bound, free…

Term collocation – idiomatic and conventional…

Linguist Firth considered bound collocations predictable and fixed…

Genre refers to a specific…

Semantics – lexicology and pragmatics

Lexicography, terminology – lexics…

Implicit pattern and contextual meaning of coherence…

Correction of typical student’s mistakes:

Aunt, alone/lonely, village, city Bath, quite/quiet, young/youngest,
mother’s youngest sister;
Fair/fare, complexion, hair is(singular), to meet smb., notice, lovely, a
wrinkled face;

Can/may, a problem, go for long walks, her/his dog, a very attractive

person, to mend something;

People/peoples, shopping, always do/does (word order), extremely,

generous, who/which, she/her, to be contented;

Once, a knight, grow-grew-grown, become-became-become, as bald

as an egg, bald/bold, buy-bought-bought, curly hair;

Teach/learn, good/well, die/dye, know/now, treasure;

Musician, born/burn, play the violin, favourite, neighbour’s piano;

Exceptional, from a very early age, pencil, can/could, the only child,
good-looking, thoroughly, spoilt child;

Sensitive, hair/hairs, to be educated, at home, to be born;

Desperately, feelings, hard/hardly, disappearance, to be determined,

let them enter/do smth., to be buried, work/walk;

Because/because of, economic/economical, in order to, resolve the

problem, in Kyiv, its/it’s, say/says

I am applying, I have been studying since/for, at University, in

September, job announcement/job advertisement, like/would like;

The largest, the USA, the population of the American capital,

then/than, continue growing, 100 percent, as a result, millions of
people/8 million people

Population increase, will also know, Europe, was made

Is estimated, half a million, density, the highest

Come-came-come, language, important, am staying, an arm, quickly,

in the morning/evening
Said that/told me, English (capital letter), is/was, I always go/ he is
always ready (word order), It is interesting/I am interested in that,
museum, I like it very much(word order)

Who/which, billboard, say/tell, physical, advice, pieces of advice, to

advise

It is said, he is said, child/children, but also, according to, to inform

smb

Meet-met-met, come/comes, flat, go-went-gone, exciting, would you

like/do you like, London (capital letter), right/write, you/your

Got married/was married, its name(a dog)/his name(a man), to be

discovered , Bolonga (city), Spanish,

Travelling together, North and South America, amazing, from London,

to be married to smb., are going to do smth,

At home, are being done/used, although, it seems, Ukrainians,

believe, bring up children, beating a child,

I have been home since, immediately, it is possible, usually, am

missing you, English, I received yesterday, Greek/Greece,

Received, letter/latter, French/France, he/she says, Japan, I am lucky,

I have made many mistakes, many friends,

During our dinner/while having dinner,

It was really (word order), different, improved English, we also got to

know,

My family is, holiday, near/by the lake, It is exciting/I am excited, Is

getting married in September, like/love, his/him,

Have looked/looked, the city centre, not/no, easy/easier, if they don’t

find it, they will do it themselves, any/some, will have to stay,
something/anything, I can’t find/I couldn’t find, wardrobe/cupboard,
My family sends you best regards, I wish you success, come back/go
backwards, next, nice staying with you, wonderful, experience,
many/much, for everything/all things,

Have seen/saw, advertisement, advertisement, Guardian, today’s

news, a job/the job, official style – I am, not I’m, necessary, have
learnt or learned/ learn/learned, at Oxford University.

PAY ATTENTION TO:

Capital letters, Tenses (especially usage Present Perfect, ending -S
with Present Simple etc), Spelling, Style (official/unofficial), Proper
words…