E-Portfolio in

PROFED 10
SPECIAL TOPICS IN EDUCATION

Leo DG. Cajayon

PCED-06-501P
12/4/2021
 I. INTRODUCTION

About the students:

Leo DG Cajayon is a third year college student at the Rizal Technological University (Pasig Campus) where he is majoring in Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Mathematics. His
interest in education started when he was in Junior High School because the teacher see his potential in teaching when he became one of the Student Teacher. He failed to be a civil engineer
student but he never see it as a downfall instead he pursue his dreams to become a future Math Teacher because he knew that it will help him to boost confidence. From that, he always think
ways how to improve not only his skills and knowledge, but also to improve his strengths and weaknesses in real life situation. He wants to continue to inspire other students to see the
beauty of being a good model and the beauty of Mathematics. He plans to continue his study and get a Master of Science in Mathematics Education and a PhD. in Management. When Leo
is not busy doing his modules and assignment, he enjoys watching anime, biking, and playing basketball.
About the Teacher:

Professor Franklin Garvida has been teaching for the past seven years and right now he is teaching at RTU and DLSU. Sir Franklin
finished his master's degree in secondary education major in physical education and his master's degree in science education in RTU.
Currently, he is continuing his doctorate in Science Education with a specialization in Chemistry at DLSU.
Assessment Topics Links (Submitted Self-Check Activities Self-Check Activities Answers Assessment Tasks (Summary per Topic)
Task No. Works) Questions
1 Curriculum (Video of DLP) 1. How do you compare the 1. In the 19th and 20th century, the We start our assessment task 1 by assigning the
Landscape for https://drive.google.co role of students and educational system was mostly focused group members on what they will on our detailed
the 21st Century m/file/d/1h3CLJl- teachers in the 19th and on teacher centered curriculum where lesson plan and a demo video presentation of it, then
qzVm9xzl7Rosl22uay 20th century to that of the the teacher leads the activities, giving or after we finished working on our detailed lesson plan
MVgiBai/view?usp=sha 21st century? providing them necessary information, and checking if it has error, we moved on the other
ring 2. Explain the relevance of and they are the one who makes the activity that we need to make demo video
technology in diversifying grades of the students. The students are presentation to show the content of our detailed
(DLP) the curriculum of the 21st the receiver of the information given by lesson plan. We do a rehearsal before we start and we
file:///C:/Users/serrano/ century. the teachers. While in the 21st Century, practice what will be the flow of our video demo
Desktop/Angela/Colleg the educational system is focused on presentation.
e/First%20Semester/Sp student-centered curriculum and the
ecial%20Topics%20in students are the makers and they are
%20Education/DLP- responsible for their own grade, while
Mathematics.pdf the role of the teachers are giving
instructions, guiding the students and
their obligation is just to compute and
input the given grade of their students.
2. In the 21st Century Curriculum the
technology provides easy access and
gathering information, it can also be
useful in the educational system and it
can be an alternative way of teaching.
Technology has empowered the
educational system because we can
communicate and access information,
and it helps us to do our jobs and
schoolworks easily.

2 The Outcomes
Based Education
(Video with ma’am 1. What are the
Liberty) characteristics of
https://drive.google.co outcomes-based education
m/file/d/1PU48K6l5xM compared to other
SoP37S8IAckwgdxoF9 models?
ZPAH/view 2. Why is being proficient in
a particular skill,
(Interview Questions) knowledge, or behavior
matters?
1. Characteristics of outcome-based
education similar to competency-based
learning:
● There are clear criteria for measuring
fluency/proficiency
● It’s adaptive to student needs
In this Assessment task, we gathered information
about the OBE and we gathered a question for every
person in a group. We start to collect a question
related to our topic and after that, we start to
communicate to our interviewee because we want to
know where we can collect data or answer about the
topic discussion. We do a rehearsal first to practice
our set of questionnaires and to deliver it very well.
As we finish it, every person in the said set of
https://drive.google.co 3. What are the challenges ● Learner support is provided when and questions is asking a teacher and giving her
m/file/d/13bOWnMDv4 of an outcomes-based where it’s needed most knowledge about the OBE. After that, we collect and
AAZnENTt0G8LU9KS education model? ● Learners are given sufficient time to summarized the video presentation and finalized the
IqknF9h/view?usp=driv achieve mastery video.
e_web&authuser=0 2. According to Wenger, learning of this
nature involves participation in a
community of practice, a term that
refers not just to local events or
engagement in certain activities with
certain people, but to a more
encompassing process of being active
participants in the practices of social
communities and constructing identities
in relation to these communities. While
Lave and Wenger coined the term
“community of practice” to provide a
framework specific to their observations
during a study of various types of
apprenticeships, the concept is not new
to education. Its roots date back to the
early work of Lev Vygotsky, a Russian
psychologist who tied cognitive
development to culture. Vygotsky set
forth the notion that learning is
inherently social and is embedded in a
particular cultural setting.
3. The OBE approach in Vocational
Colleges is used to meet the Malaysian
Qualifications Agency (MQA) to
recognize the Diploma Program
implemented to meet the set standards.
The implementation of Outcome-Based
Education (OBE) in Vocational
Colleges requires every program
conducted to achieve the learning
outcomes that have been set. Each
learning outcome is a statement of the
results that students need to achieve at
the end of the teaching process, where it
is assessed to obtain qualifications.
However, each change will lead to side
 effects at the implementation stage. The
results of the full accreditation report by
MQA on the Diploma in Automotive
Technology program in some
Vocational Colleges found that OBE
practices are still low where teachers do
not understand Course Learning
Outcome (CLO) and its relationship
with the Learning Outcome Program
(PLO) (Malaysian Qualification
Agency, 2018). The assessment
practiced is based on the course content
and student grade achievement rather
than the learning outcomes set in the
CLO of the respective course. The audit
report also stated that program leaders'
and teachers' awareness and
understanding of the OBE-based
curriculum are moderated and need
improvement.

https://www.d2l.com/blog/what-is-obe/
https://www.ideaedu.org/idea-notes-on-
learning/developing-specific-skills-
competencies-and-points-of-view-
needed-by-professionals-in-the-field-
most-closely-related-to-this-course/
https://hrmars.com/papers_submitted/86
24/issues-and-challenges-of-outcome-
based-education-obe-implementation-
among-malaysian-vocational-college-
teachers.pdf
3 The Principles (Online Survey) 1. Explain the underlying 1. According to the linked article, Peppler In this week's Assessment Task, we are required to
of K to 12 Basic https://drive.google.co principles of the k-12 outlined eight guiding principles do an online survey regarding Student Satisfaction in
Education m/file/d/14zegKaQ0MS curriculum. educators should consider when the Implementation of the K-12 Curriculum in the
Curriculum LcZvnfNHXNiSrNcbiO 2. What are the challenges developing learning tools and programs Philippines. In this survey, our group has collected
ebvL/view being faced in the for inclusive tech education. 200 respondents who are graduates of Senior High
implementation of the K ● Choose open-ended, personal and School and have personally experienced the K-12
to 12 Curriculum? What aesthetic tools and materials. Curriculum Program. Our questionnaire was focused
solutions have been done ● Make design thinking central. on the realization of the K to 12 curriculum and the
challenges they’ve encountered. We were also given
 to address these ● Create authentic combinations between
challenges? STEM and the arts.
3. Cite any countries that ● Facilitate easy, but challenging,
you think have the best designs.
educational program. ● Purposefully contrast multiple media,
Briefly explain that tools, and materials
country’s educational ● Involve a range of disciplinary experts
system. ● Devise new assessments, pedagogy, and
learning environments.
● Most importantly, document and
showcase new work
Peppler emphasized “different materials
privilege different learners,”
recognizing the ways different
audiences perceive the language,
representations, and even materials we
use to teach tech. In particular, the
growing maker movement helps us to
reconsider the materials we use in
classrooms that can play a key role in
getting girls interested in science,
technology, engineering, and math.
the task to Summarize our data gathered by
formulating a synthesis and generalization based on
the results gathered. According to the overall results
of our survey, more than half of our respondents,
64.5 percent, said that their teachers in junior high
school were adequately prepared to teach when the
K-12 Program was implemented and 77 percent of
the population reported being satisfied with their
education after graduating from the K-12 Program.
As a result, in this assessment task, we have
concluded that the K-12 Program aided students in a
variety of ways, including preparing them for
employment after graduation. Despite the fact that
most of us faced some challenges and difficulties
adjusting, it was worthwhile k9 because of the
benefits that K-12 provided us.

2. The implementation of the new

curriculum was a solution to various
issues in the country, but it also brought
with it plenty of issues, as it resulted in
a significant shift in the country's
educational system, with Filipinos
suffering the effects of the change.
Ednave, R., ET. al., (2018) stated that
the implementation of the K to 12
programs presented the following
challenges:
a) lack of preparation and professional
development;
b) excessive academic burden on
students; and
c) Integration of lessons in the real-life
context.
This would be a great challenge for all
teachers to engage in different training
and to pursue higher education in order
to manage the changes and ensure that
their growth corresponds to the
demands of society.

To address the challenges in

implementing the K-12 Program,
according to the study of Aydin, H.,
et.al., (2017), they stressed that:

1) schools must change the structures,

culture and curricula and education
programs to meet the needs of a diverse
student body;
2) researchers in higher education
institutions must focus their work on
helping the federal government, state
leaders and school districts decide on
the most appropriate reforms and
changes in curricula and education in
school settings;
3) more resources from a variety of
sources need to be invested in
technology-use learning so that teachers
can better prepare students to use
technology, especially in the context of
new assessments;
4) educators need to identify and
promote an agenda that prepares young
people for global citizenship; 5) the
core values of educators must include
loyalty, honesty, dedication and
achievement, the promotion of diversity
and gender equality, selection and
fairness for all students.
 In order to implement the K+12
program effectively and efficiently,
schools needed to improve their
physical facilities and educational
resources. Financial resources were a
major issue for schools when it came to
implementing the K to 12 program.

3. The United States of America ranked

number 1 as the best countries for
education. According to some research,
the United States of America is a North
American nation that is the world’s
most dominant economic and military
power. Likewise, its cultural imprint
spans the world, led in large part by its
popular culture expressed in music,
movies and television.
The country is grappling with the
COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing
deep economic recession. And calls for
greater social justice reignited in the
country following the death of Black
American George Floyd at the hands of
police in May 2020. Public demands to
address racial inequality in the country,
expressed in institutions such as the
criminal justice system and health care,
spurred similar movements in countries
around the world.

https://monitor.icef.com/2013/08/philippines-
creates-opportunities-in-overhaul-of-k-12-
education-
system/#:~:text=The%20K%2D12%20Basic%
20Education,compete%20in%20a%20global%
20context.&text=The%20goal%20of%20the%
20new,education%20when%20the%20time%2
0comes.
 https://www.ijires.org/administrator/component
s/com_jresearch/files/publications/IJIRES_163
8_FINAL.pdf

https://www.usnews.com/news/best-
countries/united-states

4. Multi-Grade (Multi-Grade DLP) 1. What are the objectives of 1. The objectives of multigrade teaching is to In this Assessment Task we assigned to do a
Education https://drive.google.co multigrade teaching? enhance the capabilities of teachers in planning Detailed Lesson Plan and answered the given
m/file/d/1VasVrk- 2. What are the advantages and implementing instruction in multigrade questions through video. We able to know how the
sAwJx1EsdI2GmuQqT of multigrade teaching? classes as well as in evaluating pupil Multigrade teaching handle and also we know the
8bIN4y5p/view 3. What are the challenges performance. advantages and disadvantages of multigrade
in teaching multigrade 2. A Multi-grade class brings together students teaching. We also have an idea how to do lesson plan
(Multi-Grade Education classes? and teachers while preparing better stages of in Multi Grade Education. After that we collaborate
Video) 4. What is the role of ICT in development in a learning environment. our ideas in the given questions and we assigned it to
https://drive.google.co multigrade education? ● Students Performance: Students can each everyone to answered one question.
m/file/d/1wxzlEu4BM develop healthier social relationships,
Ox_eKRpg3ljshZHivV positive attitudes and enhance
WCX0B/view leadership, organizational, listening,
sharing, and many other important skills
● Easy-to-Use: Teachers can create
effective syllabus and curriculums plans
for students
● Improve Learning: Problem-solving,
higher-level thinking, and learning
methods develop at an earlier point with
multi-grade classrooms; simply because
of the immersion experience that brings
students together.

3. These challenges involved unpreparedness in

teaching multigrade, low multigrade
allowances, the experience of stress, language
barrier, classroom management struggles, lack
of resources, danger in going to stations,
workload, absenteeism, lack of stakeholders'
support, and lack of trainings.
 4. ICT can be used to provide training to
teachers in multigrade methodologies and
allow students to engage in innovative,
participatory multi-grade learning activities.
The use of advanced communication channels
should focus on providing a high quality
continuous in service training to the multigrade
school teachers.

5 The Open High (Video about OHSP) 1. What is the purpose of an 1. OHSP is an alternative mode of
School Program https://drive.google.co open high school secondary education that uses distance
m/file/d/19zZCYu2EIH program? learning. It's all about learners who are
l- 2. What is the objective of not able to attend the regular class due
1_67s67GjGZuahrlldV OHSP? to time, financial problems, work and
W/view 3. What is the Open high other legitimate reasons. The purpose of
school System Act? OHSP is to the students who have
reasons to not attend to their regular
class is to become functional literate
learners or one who have mastery the
basic competencies, capable of problem
solving and produce a productive
member of the community or the
society.
2. The OHSP as a Dropout Reduction
Program (DORP) intervention, has the
following objectives:
• Provides opportunity to all
elementary graduates, high school drop-
outs, and successful examinees of the
Philippine Educational Placement Test
(PEPT) to complete secondary
education;
• Prevents potential school leavers and
encourages those who are out of school
to finish secondary education;
• Reduces high school drop outs and
increases participation rate; and •
This week we interviewed teachers that handle
students under OHSP. We ask some questions to
students about their educational experience, teacher-
students relation, schedule and also socio-economics
status. For teachers we ask about their teaching
experience and challenges they faced during the
program or under OHSP. This week we learn a lot
about the OHSP , interviewed students and teachers
we gathered more information about their
experiences in the program and as a future educator it
is important to have knowledge about the OHSP
because maybe someday we can have a chance to
teach students under the OHSProgram also this week
we gathered more informations not only in the
philippines but around the world which how they
overcome the dropouts problem in their country we
search different informations and findings and come
up in to one summarization on how the countries
address their dropouts problems.
 Increase achievement rate through
quality distance education.
3. Republic Act (RA) 10665 or the Open
High School System Act seeks to
provide more learners access to
secondary education through the open
learning modality.It is hereby declared
the policy of the State to broaden access
to relevant quality education through
the employment of an alternative
secondary education program that will
enable the youth to overcome personal,
geographical, socioeconomic and
physical constraints, to encourage them
to complete secondary education.
6 The Role of (Action Research Plan) 1. Why is action research The Role of Action Research in Education
Action Research https://drive.google.co necessary in education? 1. Why is action research necessary in
in Education m/file/d/1g8- 2. What is the primary education?
qlQw9zmTopdQNHQB purpose of action Action research is important to our education
bDumynM3l-F3c/view research? to enhance our thinking skills, sense of
3. Explain the research efficacy, desire to share and communicate, and
(Action Research Plan cycle. attitudes toward the change process are all
Video) influenced by action research initiatives.
https://drive.google.co Teachers can learn more about themselves,
m/file/d/1gaekyuREtkz their students, and their colleagues through
Lrhbxko- action research, and find methods to improve in
HryBZX8eeIGWi/view the future.
2. What is the primary purpose of action
research?
The purpose of action research is to generate of
a lot information by conducting investigation
on the specific, typically practical settings, the
goal of action research is to learn and gain a
more knowledge by investigating, action
research is to learn by doing, which leads to
personal or professional development of
researcher.
3. Explain the research cycle.
The cycle of research has a four basic action
research cycle, the purpose a change the plan
on your research, what your plan on your
 research the engage in action to take the action
to enact the change, then observe result that
you will observe the process and consequences
of the change that you want, reflection on
action that reflect the process and consequences
of action, observation.

7 Education (Video about Roles of 1. What are the challenges 1. The new normal education is the new
Under New Technology) in new normal education? layout of our learning progress and we
Normal https://drive.google.co 2. What are the all know that there are different
m/file/d/1CGX6BV3h4 benefits/opportunities of challenges that incorporate this process.
HN6CMlTmt- new normal education? The new normal modifies the usage of
1FouvmyXeJpwC/view 3. How did the students and technology and because of many users
teachers adjust to the new almost all the time, the connectivity is
normal education? unstable. There are times that student
was not available because of poor
internet connections. Aside from that,
the motivation of students is also
lessened because there is no actual
interaction between students, teachers
and other factors that are only available
in face to face setup. Gaming system
also affects the interest of students,
there are times that mobile games catch
their minds and lessen their interest to
learn new things in education.
2. The new normal education opens our
mind to discover new things on the
internet. It modifies the different
applications and websites that are very
useful in education. It also taught us to
be strong enough to survive this new
normal.
3. Both teachers and students are
maximizing the usage of the internet.
Unlike face to face education, this time
of new normal, teachers are required to
use online tools and modules while
students are also required to take in to
some online platforms that will serve as
their online classrooms.
8 Moore's Theory 1. What is transactional
of Transactional distance learning?
Distance 2. How do you overcome
the transactional distance?
2. To overcome the transactional distance
1. Transactional distance is the collection
of perceived psychological, cognitive,
and affective distances between learners
and instructors in distance learning
environments. Such distance can impact
learning engagement as well as the
attainment of intended learning
outcomes.
learning is to change the way of
teaching. As a teacher or future
Educator it's important to us to identify
the needs of our students. And we
should know what the best way of
teaching strategy is. And lastly to
overcome the transactional distance
learning is to have a strong
communication to our students.