EEN-612: Electrical Transients in Power Systems

Tutorial-01

1. A rectangular surge of 100 kV travels along an overhead line of surge impedance 400 Ω, towards the
junction with another line of surge impedance of 350 Ω. Find the reflected and refracted voltage and
current as the surge reaches the junction.
If the above wave is traveling along the overhead line towards a T junction comprising of an
overhead line of surge impedance of 350 Ω and an underground cable of surge impedance of 50 Ω.
Find out the refracted voltage and current waves in the overhead line and the underground cable.

2. An overhead line, with inductance and capacitance of 1.2 mH/km and 0.9 μF/km, respectively, is
connected in series with an underground cable having inductance and capacitance of 0.16 mH/km
and 0.28 μF/km. Calculate the values of transmitted and reflected waves of voltage and current at
junction due to a voltage surge of 110 kV traveling to the junction (i) along the line towards the cable
and (ii) along the cable towards the line

3. A DC source of 500 kV with negligible resistance is switched ‘on’ to a lossless line of the
characteristic impedance of 45 Ω terminating in a resistance of 75 Ω. Plot (i) receiving end voltage
and (ii) sending end current versus time till t=5T where T is the time of wave travel on the line. Also,
find steady-state values of the receiving end voltage and the sending end current.

4. A rectangular surge of 1000 kV travels along a line of surge impedance of 450 Ω, towards the
junction where an inductance of 2000 μH is connected to it. What will be the voltage across the
inductor? What would be the voltage at the terminal if a capacitor of 2000 μF would have been
connected to the line in place of the inductor?
If the surge (1000 kV) is the rectangular pulse of 2 μS duration, what is maximum voltage across
inductance and capacitance?

5. A step wave of 400 kV is travelling on a line having a surge impedance of 380 ohms. If the line is
terminated with the capacitor of 2900 pf, the voltage at the terminal is X after 2 μs. Instead of a
capacitor, if the line is terminated with the inductor of 850 μH, the voltage at the terminal is Y after
2 μs. What is the difference between X and Y.

6. A 3-phase, 50 Hz, 220 kV horizontal line with average conductor height of 10 m above the ground.
The phase spacing is 8 m. The radius of the conductor is 1.5 cm and resistance is 0.3 ohms/km.
(a) Calculate impedance and admittance matrices for un-transposed and transposed
configurations. (Resistivity of soil ρ = 100 ohm.m and permeability = μ 0)
(b) Compute the modal R, L, and C parameters along with the modal characteristic impedances,
propagation velocities and travel time using the Clark transformation.
(c) Find the contants of a Bergeron line model for implementation in transients programs.
(d) Suppose the line is energized with phase A closed at the voltage peak (assumed balanced three
phase). Calculate the initial current on each of the three phases.
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