Module in Mathematics 6

OLIVEROS COLLEGE (OCI) INCORPORATED
Zone 2 Gov. Crescini St., San Franciso, Iriga City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
e-mail address: oci_iriga@yahoo.com.ph
Tel. No. 299 – 7734
11
Module 6
JANWILL A. PAZ
Instructor
Tel. No. 299 – 7734
Mathematics – Grade 11
Quarter 1 – Module 6:
Graphing Rational Functions
You want to know?
This module is designed to help you think and develop mathematical ideas. There are times
when you will feel confused, and there are times when it will be necessary to work on an
idea over a period of several days. You will encounter many interesting and challenging
problems in this module.
Goals:
 Graph rational functions
 Solve problems involving rational functions and equations.
Vocabulary List:
 Domain – a relation is the set of first coordinates.

 Intercepts – are x- or y-coordinates of the points at which a graph crosses
the x-axis or y-axis.
 Y-intercept – is the y-coordinate of the point where the graph crosses the x-
axis.
 X-intercept – is the x-coordinate of the point where the graph crosses the x-
axis.
 Asymptote – is a straight line associated with a curve such that as a point
moves along an infinite branch of the curve, the distance from the point to the
line approaches zero and the slope of the curve at the point approaches the
slope of the line.
Getting Ready:
ENTRY CARD
Direction: Determine whether or not each relation is a function. Put (/) on the space that
corresponds your answer.
Graph each function.

Tel. No. 299 – 7734
Functions Graph
1. f(x) = 2
2. f(x) = 2x + 5
3. f(x) = x 2+ 2
Starting Point:
Rational functions are of the form y = f x , where f x is a rational expression .
Some of the examples of rational functions are:
y = 1 x , y = x x 2 − 1 , y = 3 x 4 + 2 x + 5
The graphs of the rational functions can be difficult to draw. To sketch a graph of a rational
function, you can start by finding the asymptotes and intercepts.
Steps involved in graphing rational functions:
1. Find the asymptotes of the rational function, if any.
2. Draw the asymptotes as dotted lines.
3. Find the x -intercept (s) and y -intercept of the rational function, if any.
4. Find the values of y for several different values of x .
5. Plot the points and draw a smooth curve to connect the points. Make sure that the graph
does not cross the vertical asymptotes.
Tel. No. 299 – 7734
Example:
Graph the rational function
y = 4 x + 1 2 x + 1
The vertical asymptote of a rational function is x -value where the denominator of the
function is zero. Equate the denominator to zero and find the value of x .
2 x + 1 = 0 x = − 1 2
The vertical asymptote of the rational function is x = − 0.5 .
This function has the x -intercept at − 1 4 , 0 and y -intercept at 0 , 1 . Find more points on

the function and graph the function.
Tel. No. 299 – 7734
Sometimes the given rational function has to be simplified, before graphing it. In that case, if
there are any excluded values (where the function is not defined) other than at asymptotes,
then there is additional step involved in graphing the function.
To represent the undefined function, make sure that the function is not continuous smooth
curve at the excluded value. This excluded value is usually referred to as hole in the rational
function.
For example, the rational function y = 4 x 2 + x 2 x 2 + x has a hole at x = 0 .
Please note that the graphs of the rational functions satisfy the vertical line test .
HOW TO: GIVEN A RATIONAL FUNCTION, SKETCH A GRAPH.
1. Evaluate the function at 0 to find the y-intercept.

2. Factor the numerator and denominator.
3. For factors in the numerator not common to the denominator, determine where each
factor of the numerator is zero to find the x-intercepts.
4. Find the multiplicities of the x-intercepts to determine the behavior of the graph at
those points.
5. For factors in the denominator, note the multiplicities of the zeros to determine the
local behavior. For those factors not common to the numerator, find the vertical
asymptotes by setting those factors equal to zero and then solve.
6. For factors in the denominator common to factors in the numerator, find the removable
discontinuities by setting those factors equal to 0 and then solve.
7. Compare the degrees of the numerator and the denominator to determine the
horizontal or slant asymptotes.
8. Sketch the graph.
Tel. No. 299 – 7734
Activity:
Test 1: Identify the (a) x-intercept, (b) the horizontal asymptotes, and (c) the vertical
asymptotes of the graph of the function.
3
1. y= + 4
4
x +1
2. y=
x−3
3 x+ 2
3. y=
2 x+ 1
Test 2: Graph the function. State the domain and range.

7
1. y=
x
3
2. y=
x +2
4
3. y=
3x
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Test 3: Answer each of the following.

1. You and your parents are traveling in your own car for 150kilometers.
a. Determine the total annual cost for a television set that lasts for
10years. Assume tat cost includes electricity and depreciation.
cost of purchase
(Depreciation= )
useful life ∈ yrs.
b. Write the function that gives the annual cost of a television set as a
function of the number of years.
c. Sketch the graph of the function.
Developing skills:
1
Consider the graph of y= .
x
a. Write an equation that reflects the graph across the x-axis. Sketch the image.
b. Write an equation that reflects the graph across the y-axis. Sketch the image.
c. Compare your sketch form a and b. Explain what you find.

Tel. No. 299 – 7734
Bibliography:
Orance, Orlando A. 2016. General Mathematics.
https://www.varsitytutors.com/hotmath/hotmath_help/topics/graphing-rational-functions

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OLIVEROS COLLEGE (OCI) INCORPORATED

Zone 2 Gov. Crescini St., San Franciso, Iriga City

Graphing Rational Functions

You want to know?

 Domain – a relation is the set of first coordinates.

Graph each function.

Rational functions are of the form y = f x , where f x is a rational expression .

Some of the examples of rational functions are:

Steps involved in graphing rational functions:

1. Find the asymptotes of the rational function, if any.

2. Draw the asymptotes as dotted lines.

3. Find the x -intercept (s) and y -intercept of the rational function, if any.

4. Find the values of y for several different values of x .

Graph the rational function

The vertical asymptote of the rational function is x = − 0.5 .

This function has the x -intercept at − 1 4 , 0 and y -intercept at 0 , 1 . Find more points on

For example, the rational function y = 4 x 2 + x 2 x 2 + x has a hole at x = 0 .

HOW TO: GIVEN A RATIONAL FUNCTION, SKETCH A GRAPH.

1. Evaluate the function at 0 to find the y-intercept.

Test 2: Graph the function. State the domain and range.

Test 3: Answer each of the following.

c. Sketch the graph of the function.

c. Compare your sketch form a and b. Explain what you find.

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