You are on page 1of 211

PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace



PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

‡ƒ…‡†—…ƒ–‹‘ǣ
ƒ–Š™ƒ›–‘ƒ—Ž–—”‡‘ˆ‡ƒ…‡


)LUVWSXEOLVKHGLQE\WKH&HQWHUIRU3HDFH(GXFDWLRQ
0LULDP&ROOHJH4XH]RQ&LW\3KLOLSSLQHV

6HFRQG(GLWLRQ2FWREHU

:LWKVXSSRUWIURP
6DPXHO5XELQ)RXQGDWLRQ
7KHUHSURGXFWLRQRI WKLVERRNRUDQ\SDUWRI LWLVSHUPLWWHGSURYLGHG
GXHDFNQRZOHGJHPHQWLVJLYHQWRWKH&HQWHUIRU3HDFH(GXFDWLRQ

,QTXLULHVUHJDUGLQJRUGHUVVKRXOGEHDGGUHVVHGWRWKH&HQWHUIRU3HDFH
(GXFDWLRQ0LULDP&ROOHJH4XH]RQ&LW\3KLOLSSLQHVE\XVLQJWKLVHPDLO
DGGUHVVFSH#PFHGXSK

&RYHUE\ 0LJXHO1*DODFH
/D\RXWE\ 3HWHU,*DODFH


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

‡ƒ…‡†—…ƒ–‹‘ǣ
ƒ–Š™ƒ›–‘ƒ—Ž–—”‡‘ˆ‡ƒ…‡

/RUHWD1DYDUUR&DVWUR -DVPLQ1DULR*DODFH

&HQWHUIRU3HDFH(GXFDWLRQ0LULDP&ROOHJH
4XH]RQ&LW\3KLOLSSLQHV


Y

PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

7DEOHRI &RQWHQWV

)RUHZRUGE\&RUD:HLVV L[
,QWURGXFWLRQE\$PEDVVDGRU$QZDUXO&KRZGKXU\ [L
$1RWHIURPWKH$XWKRUV [Y
3DUW, 7RZDUGD+ROLVWLF8QGHUVWDQGLQJRI 3HDFHDQG
 3HDFH(GXFDWLRQ
 &KDSWHU $+ROLVWLF8QGHUVWDQGLQJRI 3HDFHDQG
  9LROHQFH 
 &KDSWHU 3HDFH(GXFDWLRQDV7UDQVIRUPDWLYH
  (GXFDWLRQ 
 &KDSWHU 7KH&RPSUHKHQVLYH6FRSHRI 3HDFH
  (GXFDWLRQ 
 &KDSWHU )DLWKDQG6SLULWXDO7UDGLWLRQVDV
  5HVRXUFHVIRU3HDFH 
3DUW,, .H\3HDFH(GXFDWLRQ7KHPHV
 &KDSWHU 8SKROGLQJ+XPDQ'LJQLW\ 
 &KDSWHU &KDOOHQJLQJ3UHMXGLFHDQG
  %XLOGLQJ7ROHUDQFH 
 &KDSWHU 3URPRWLQJ1RQYLROHQFH 
 &KDSWHU &KDOOHQJLQJWKH:DU6\VWHP 
 &KDSWHU 5HVROYLQJDQG7UDQVIRUPLQJ&RQÁLFW 
 &KDSWHU 6KDULQJWKH(DUWK·V5HVRXUFHV 
 &KDSWHU &DULQJIRUWKH(DUWK 
 &KDSWHU &XOWLYDWLQJ,QQHU3HDFH 

YLL
Table of Contents

3DUW,,, 7KH3HDFHDEOH&ODVVURRP7HDFKHUDQG6FKRRO
 &KDSWHU &UHDWLQJD3HDFHDEOH&ODVVURRP 
 &KDSWHU 7HDFKLQJ/HDUQLQJ$SSURDFKHVDQG
  6WUDWHJLHVLQ3HDFH(GXFDWLRQ 
 &KDSWHU $WWULEXWHVRI D3HDFH(GXFDWRU 
 &KDSWHU $:KROH6FKRRO$SSURDFK 
&RQFOXVLRQ$9LVLRQIRUWKH)XWXUH 
5HIHUHQFHV  

YLLL 
PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

  

)RUHZRUG

:
KDWDZHOFRPHFRQWULEXWLRQWRWKHJURZLQJDQGXUJHQWÀHOG
RI SHDFHHGXFDWLRQ3HDFHGRHVQRWFRPHZLWKRXU'1$
7RUHDFKSHDFHZHQHHGWRWHDFKSHDFHDSKUDVHZHOOSHQQHG
E\ RXU PHQWRU 3URI %HWW\ 5HDUGRQ 3HRSOH XVXDOO\ VD\ KRZ ZRQGHU
IXOZKHQ\RXWHOOWKHP\RXDUHLQWKHÀHOGRI SHDFHHGXFDWLRQEXW,
GRXEWWKH\NQRZZKDWLWUHDOO\PHDQV$WWKH*OREDO&DPSDLJQIRU3HDFH
(GXFDWLRQZKLFKZDVERUQDWWKH+DJXH$SSHDOIRU3HDFHFRQIHUHQFH
LQ 0D\  ZH DJUHHG RQ WKH IROORZLQJ GHÀQLWLRQ 3HDFH (GXFDWLRQ
LVWHDFKLQJIRUDQGDERXWKXPDQULJKWVJHQGHUHTXDOLW\GLVDUPDPHQW
VRFLDODQGHFRQRPLFMXVWLFHQRQYLROHQFHVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWLQ
WHUQDWLRQDOODZDQGZHODWHUDGGHGWUDGLWLRQDOSHDFHSUDFWLFHV$QGZH
DJUHHGWKDWWKHPHWKRGRORJ\RI SHDFHHGXFDWLRQVKRXOGLQFOXGHFULWLFDO
WKLQNLQJUHÁHFWLRQDQGSDUWLFLSDWLRQWKH\DUHHOHPHQWVWKDWVKRXOGEH
LQWHJUDWHGLQWRWKHSHGDJRJ\RI DOOWHDFKLQJDWDOOOHYHOVRI HGXFDWLRQ

7KLV ODWHVW DGGLWLRQ WR WKH SUDFWLFDO OLWHUDWXUH RI  SHDFH HGXFDWLRQ


KHOSVWKHHGXFDWRUZKHWKHULQIRUPDORUQRQIRUPDOVHWWLQJVWRXQGHU
VWDQGWKDWSHDFHLVDKROLVWLFFRQFHSWDQGVWDWHRI EHLQJDQGWKDWLWFDQ
QRWEHOHDUQHGLQWKHWUDGLWLRQDOOHFWXUHQRWHWDNLQJWHVWLQJIUDPHZRUN
,QGHHG SHDFH HGXFDWLRQ FDQ EH LQWHJUDWHG LQWR PDQ\ GLVFLSOLQHV 7KH
FXOWXUH RI  SHDFH PXVW UHSODFH WKH FXOWXUH RI  YLROHQFH LI  ZH DQG RXU
KRPHSODQHW(DUWKDUHWRVXUYLYH7ROHUDQFHIRUYLROHQFHKDVLQFUHDVHG
EH\RQGWROHUDEOHOHYHOV

,WZDVRXUIHUYHQWKRSHWKDWWKHPRVWYLROHQWRI DOOFHQWXULHVWKH
WKZRXOGEHFDXVHSHRSOHZHUHWLUHGRI ZDUDQGDQJU\WKDWSUHFLRXV
UHVRXUFHVZHUHEHLQJWDNHQIURPKXPDQVHFXULW\QHHGVWUDQVIRUPLQWR

L[
Foreword

D QRQ YLROHQW VW FHQWXU\ ,W LV KDUG WR LPDJLQH WKDW WZR PDMRU ZDUV
RSHQHGWKLVQHZFHQWXU\³ZUHDNLQJKDYRFGHDWKGHVWUXFWLRQWRUWXUH
UDSHDQGWUDXPD³WRFRPEDWDQWVDQGFLYLOLDQVDQGSHUPDQHQWHQYL
URQPHQWDOGDPDJHWRWKHODQGVHDDQGDLU

7KH ZRUOG FDQ QRW DIIRUG ZDU 3HRSOH FDQ QRW VWDQG E\ ZKLOH WKH
QXPEHUVRI ZDUDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOUHIXJHHVVRDUZKLOHSRYHUW\VSUHDGV
OLNHDQHSLGHPLFDQGPRQH\IRUHGXFDWLRQKHDOWKMREWUDLQLQJDQGRWKHU
QHHGHGVHUYLFHVDUHVWROHQWRSD\IRUZHDSRQV

2QO\ ZKHQ PLQLVWULHV RI  HGXFDWLRQ UHDOL]H WKDW WKHLU UHVSRQVLELOLW\


LQFOXGHVSUHSDULQJIXWXUHJHQHUDWLRQVWRQRWRQO\NQRZKRZWRUHDGDQG
ZULWHEXWDOVRWREHWKRXJKWIXOUHVSRQVLEOHPHPEHUVRI WKHLUFRPPX
QLWLHVZKRZLOOJUDGXDWHQRWWRPDNHPRQH\EXWWRPDNHDGLIIHUHQFH
ZLOOZHUHVWNQRZLQJWKDWZHKDYHFRQWULEXWHGWRFUHDWLQJD&XOWXUHRI 
3HDFH

7KDQN\RX/RUHWDDQG-DVPLQIRUKHOSLQJWRPDNHWKDWKDSSHQ$QG
WKDQN\RXIRUFRQWULEXWLQJWKLVZRQGHUIXOYROXPHWRWKH*OREDO&DP
SDLJQIRU3HDFH(GXFDWLRQ,WZLOOEHDYDLODEOHRQZZZ ZRUOGZLWKRXW
ZDU KDJXHSHDFHRUJ

    &25$:(,66
    3UHVLGHQW+DJXH$SSHDOIRU3HDFH
    )RUPHU3UHVLGHQW,QWHUQDWLRQDO3HDFH%XUHDX

[ 
PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

,QWURGXFWLRQ

+
XPDQNLQGQHHGVWRWDNHOHVVRQVIURPLWVSDVWLQRUGHUWREXLOG
DQHZDQGEHWWHUWRPRUURZ2QHOHVVRQOHDUQHGLVWKDWWRSUH
YHQWRXUYLROHQFHULGGHQKLVWRU\UHSHDWLQJLWVHOIWKHYDOXHVRI 
SHDFHQRQYLROHQFHWROHUDQFHKXPDQULJKWVDQGGHPRFUDF\ZLOOKDYHWR
EHLQFXOFDWHGLQHYHU\ZRPDQDQGPDQ³\RXQJDQGROGFKLOGUHQDQG
DGXOWVDOLNH
1RWLPHLVPRUHDSSURSULDWHWKDQQRZWREXLOGDFXOWXUHRI SHDFH
1RVRFLDOUHVSRQVLELOLW\LVJUHDWHUQRUWDVNKHDYLHUWKDQWKDWRI VHFXULQJ
SHDFHRQRXUSODQHWRQVXVWDLQDEOHIRXQGDWLRQ7RGD\·VZRUOGLWVSURE
OHPVDQGFKDOOHQJHVDUHEHFRPLQJLQFUHDVLQJO\PRUHLQWHUGHSHQGHQWDQG
LQWHUFRQQHFWHG7KHVKHHUPDJQLWXGHRI WKHVHUHTXLUHVDOORI XVWRZRUN
WRJHWKHU*OREDOHIIRUWVWRZDUGVSHDFHDQGUHFRQFLOLDWLRQFDQRQO\VXF
FHHGZLWKDFROOHFWLYHDSSURDFKEXLOWRQWUXVWGLDORJXHDQGFROODERUD
WLRQ)RUWKDWZHKDYHWREXLOGDJUDQGDOOLDQFHIRUDFXOWXUHRI SHDFH
DPRQJVWDOOSDUWLFXODUO\ZLWKWKHSURDFWLYHLQYROYHPHQWDQGSDUWLFLSD
WLRQRI WKH\RXQJSHRSOH
,QWRGD\·VZRUOGPRUHVRDFXOWXUHRI SHDFHVKRXOGEHVHHQDVWKH
HVVHQFHRI DQHZKXPDQLW\DQHZJOREDOFLYLOL]DWLRQEDVHGRQLQQHURQH
QHVVDQGRXWHUGLYHUVLW\7KHÁRXULVKLQJRI DFXOWXUHRI SHDFHZLOOJHQHU
DWHWKHPLQGVHWLQXVWKDWLVDSUHUHTXLVLWHIRUWKHWUDQVLWLRQIURPIRUFH
WRUHDVRQIURPFRQÁLFWDQGYLROHQFHWRGLDORJXHDQGSHDFH&XOWXUHRI 
SHDFHZLOOSURYLGHWKHEHGURFNRI VXSSRUWWRDVWDEOHSURJUHVVLQJDQG
SURVSHULQJZRUOGIRUDOO
7KHDGRSWLRQLQE\WKH81*HQHUDO$VVHPEO\RI WKH'HFODUD
WLRQDQG3URJUDPPHRI $FWLRQRQ&XOWXUHRI 3HDFH>81*$UHVROXWLRQ
QXPEHU@ZDVDZDWHUVKHGHYHQW1LQHPRQWKORQJQHJRWLDWLRQV

[L
Introduction

WKDW,KDGWKHKRQRXUWRFKDLUOHGWRWKHDGRSWLRQRI WKLVKLVWRULFQRUP
VHWWLQJGRFXPHQWWKDWLVFRQVLGHUHGDVRQHRI WKHPRVWVLJQLÀFDQWOHJD
FLHVRI WKH8QLWHG1DWLRQVWKDWZRXOGHQGXUHIRUJHQHUDWLRQV
7KH81·VZRUNKDVEHHQSDUWLFXODUO\EROVWHUHGE\WKHEURDGEDVHG
VXSSRUWRI FLYLOVRFLHW\:HDUHQRZLQWKHÀQDO\HDUVRI WKH,QWHUQD
WLRQDO'HFDGHIRUD&XOWXUHRI 3HDFHDQG1RQ9LROHQFHIRUWKH&KLOGUHQ
RI WKH:RUOGSURFODLPHGE\WKH8QLWHG1DWLRQV7KLV'HFDGHFRYHU
LQJWKHSHULRGWRLVVSHDUKHDGLQJDJOREDOPRYHPHQWIRUWKH
FXOWXUHRI SHDFH
7KHQHHGIRUDFXOWXUHRI SHDFH³SDUWLFXODUO\LQWRGD\·VZRUOG³LV
HYLGHQWDVZHUHÁHFWRQKRZRXUFLYLOL]DWLRQKDVVXFFXPEHGIURPWLPH
WRWLPHDQGVWLOODJDLQYHU\UHFHQWO\WRWKHKXPDQIUDLOWLHVRI JUHHGVHOI
LVKQHVVDPELWLRQDQG[HQRSKRELD:HKDYHVHHQWKDWKHLQRXVDFWVDUH
RIWHQFRPPLWWHGXQGHUWKHYHLORI SXEOLFPDQGDWHVZKHQLQIDFWWKH\DUH
WKHZLVKHVRI WKHIHZLQSRZHUEHWKH\HFRQRPLFSROLWLFDOPLOLWDU\RU
HYHQUHOLJLRXV
7KHPRVWVLJQLÀFDQWZD\RI SURPRWLQJDFXOWXUHRI SHDFHLVWKURXJK
SHDFHHGXFDWLRQ3HDFHHGXFDWLRQQHHGVWREHDFFHSWHGLQDOOSDUWVRI WKH
ZRUOGLQDOOVRFLHWLHVDQGFRXQWULHVDVDQHVVHQWLDOHOHPHQWLQFUHDWLQJ
FXOWXUHRI SHDFH7RPHHWHIIHFWLYHO\WKHFKDOOHQJHVSRVHGE\WKHSUHVHQW
FRPSOH[LW\RI RXUWLPHWKH\RXQJRI WRGD\GHVHUYHVDUDGLFDOO\GLIIHU
HQWHGXFDWLRQ³´RQHWKDWGRHVQRWJORULI\ZDUEXWHGXFDWHVIRUSHDFH
QRQYLROHQFH DQG LQWHUQDWLRQDO FRRSHUDWLRQµ 7KH\ QHHG WKH VNLOOV DQG
NQRZOHGJHWRFUHDWHDQGQXUWXUHSHDFHIRUWKHLULQGLYLGXDOVHOYHVDVZHOO
DVIRUWKHZRUOGWKH\EHORQJWR
$V 0DULD 0RQWHVVRUL KDG DUWLFXODWHG VR DSSURSULDWHO\ WKRVH ZKR
ZDQWDYLROHQWZD\RI OLYLQJSUHSDUH\RXQJSHRSOHIRUWKDWEXWWKRVH
ZKR ZDQW SHDFH KDYH QHJOHFWHG WKHLU \RXQJ FKLOGUHQ DQG DGROHVFHQWV
DQGWKDWZD\DUHXQDEOHWRRUJDQL]HWKHPIRUSHDFH+RZHYHUWKHODVW
GHFDGHVRI YLROHQFHDQGKXPDQLQVHFXULW\KDGOHGWRDJURZLQJUHDOL]D
WLRQLQWKHZRUOGRI HGXFDWLRQWRGD\WKDWFKLOGUHQVKRXOGEHHGXFDWHGLQ
WKHDUWRI SHDFHIXOOLYLQJ$VDUHVXOWPRUHDQGPRUHSHDFHFRQFHSWVDW

[LL
PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

WLWXGHVYDOXHVDQGVRFLDOVNLOOVDUHEHLQJLQWHJUDWHGLQWRVFKRROFXUULFXOD
LQPDQ\FRXQWULHV,WLVEHLQJLQFUHDVLQJO\UHDOL]HGWKDWRYHUHPSKDVLVRQ
FRJQLWLYHOHDUQLQJLQVFKRROVDWWKHFRVWRI GHYHORSLQJFKLOGUHQ·VHPR
WLRQDOVRFLDOPRUDODQGKXPDQLVWLFDVSHFWVKDVEHHQDFRVWO\PLVWDNH
3HDFHHGXFDWLRQGRHVQRWVLPSO\PHDQOHDUQLQJDERXWFRQÁLFWVDQG
KRZWRUHVROYHWKHPSHDFHIXOO\,WVKRXOGDOVRLQYROYHSDUWLFLSDWLRQRI 
\RXQJSHRSOHLQH[SUHVVLQJWKHLURZQLGHDVDQGFRRSHUDWLQJZLWKHDFK
RWKHULQRUGHUWRHOLPLQDWHYLROHQFHLQRXULQGLYLGXDOOLYHVLQRXUFRP
PXQLWLHV DQG LQ RXU VRFLHWLHV 3HDFH HGXFDWLRQ LV PRUH HIIHFWLYH DQG
PHDQLQJIXOZKHQLWLVDGRSWHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHVRFLDODQGFXOWXUDOFRQ
WH[WDQGWKHFRXQWU\·VQHHGVDQGDVSLUDWLRQV,WVKRXOGEHHQULFKHGE\LWV
FXOWXUDODQGVSLULWXDOYDOXHVWRJHWKHUZLWKWKHXQLYHUVDOKXPDQYDOXHV,W
VKRXOGDOVREHJOREDOO\UHOHYDQW6XFKOHDUQLQJFDQQRWEHDFKLHYHGZLWK
RXWLQWHQWLRQDOVXVWDLQHGDQGV\VWHPDWLFSHDFHHGXFDWLRQWKDWOHDGVWKH
ZD\WRDFXOWXUHRI SHDFH
,Q81,&()SHDFHHGXFDWLRQLVYHU\VXFFLQFWO\GHÀQHGDV´WKHSUR
FHVVRI SURPRWLQJWKHNQRZOHGJHVNLOOVDWWLWXGHVDQGYDOXHVQHHGHGWR
EULQJDERXWEHKDYLRUFKDQJHWKDWZLOOHQDEOHFKLOGUHQ\RXWKDQGDGXOWV
WR SUHYHQW FRQÁLFW DQG YLROHQFH ERWK RYHUW DQG VWUXFWXUDO WR UHVROYH
FRQÁLFW SHDFHIXOO\ DQG WR FUHDWH WKH FRQGLWLRQV FRQGXFLYH WR SHDFH
ZKHWKHUDWDQLQWHUSHUVRQDOLQWHUJURXSQDWLRQDORULQWHUQDWLRQDOOHYHOµ
1HYHU KDV LW EHHQ PRUH LPSRUWDQW IRU WKH \RXQJHU JHQHUDWLRQ WR
OHDUQDERXWWKHZRUOGDQGXQGHUVWDQGLWVGLYHUVLW\7KHWDVNRI HGXFDWLQJ
FKLOGUHQWRÀQGQRQDJJUHVVLYHPHDQVWRUHODWHZLWKRQHDQRWKHULVRI 
SULPDU\LPSRUWDQFH$OOHGXFDWLRQDOLQVWLWXWLRQVQHHGWRRIIHURSSRUWX
QLWLHVWKDWSUHSDUHWKHVWXGHQWVQRWRQO\WROLYHIXOÀOOLQJOLYHVEXWDOVR
WREHUHVSRQVLEOHDQGSURGXFWLYHFLWL]HQVRI WKHZRUOG)RUWKDWHGXFD
WRUVQHHGWRLQWURGXFHKROLVWLFDQGHPSRZHULQJFXUULFXODWKDWFXOWLYDWHD
FXOWXUHRI SHDFHLQHDFKDQGHYHU\\RXQJPLQG7KH*OREDO&DPSDLJQ
IRU3HDFH(GXFDWLRQKDVFRQWLQXHGWRFRQWULEXWHLQDPHDQLQJIXOZD\
WRZDUGVWKLVREMHFWLYHDQGPXVWUHFHLYHRXUFRQWLQXRXVVXSSRUW
2IWHQ SHRSOH ZRQGHU ZKHWKHU SHDFH HGXFDWLRQ VKRXOG EH LQWUR


[LLL
Introduction

GXFHGZKHQWKHFKLOGLVYHU\\RXQJ,EHOLHYHUDWKHUVWURQJO\WKDWDOODJHV
DUHDSSURSULDWHIRUVXFKHGXFDWLRQ³RQO\WKHPHWKRGRI WHDFKLQJKDV
WREHVXLWHGWRWKHDJH)RU\RXQJHUFKLOGUHQVXFKWHDFKLQJVKRXOGLQ
FOXGHDXGLRYLVXDOPDWHULDOVDQGLQWHUDFWLYHH[FKDQJHV7REHJLQZLWKDQ
LQIRUPDOFODVVIRUPDWFRXOGKHOS6XFKDIRUPDWFRXOGHYHQEHLQFOXGHG
LQDQ\RI WKHH[LVWLQJDUUDQJHPHQWVWKDWLQYROYHVRFLDOVWXGLHVRUJHQHUDO
NQRZOHGJHFODVVHV
7HDFKLQJWKHYDOXHRI WROHUDQFHXQGHUVWDQGLQJDQGUHVSHFWIRUGL
YHUVLW\DPRQJWKHVFKRROFKLOGUHQFRXOGEHLQWURGXFHGWKURXJKH[SRVLQJ
WKHPWRYDULRXVFRXQWULHVRI WKHZRUOGWKHLUJHRJUDSK\KLVWRU\DQGFXO
WXUH$WWKHDSSURSULDWHOHYHOVFXUULFXODPXVWLQFOXGHKXPDQULJKWVWKH
UXOHVJRYHUQLQJLQWHUQDWLRQDOODZWKH8QLWHG1DWLRQV&KDUWHUWKHJRDOV
RI RXUJOREDORUJDQL]DWLRQGLVDUPDPHQWVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWDQG
RWKHUSHDFHLVVXHV7KHSDUWLFLSDWLRQRI \RXQJSHRSOHLQWKLVSURFHVVLV
YHU\HVVHQWLDO7KHLULQSXWVLQWHUPVRI WKHLURZQLGHDVRQKRZWRFRRS
HUDWHZLWKHDFKRWKHULQRUGHUWRHOLPLQDWHYLROHQFHLQRXUVRFLHWLHVPXVW
EHIXOO\WDNHQLQWRDFFRXQW
,QDGGLWLRQWRH[SDQGLQJWKHFDSDFLW\RI WKHVWXGHQWVWRXQGHUVWDQG
WKHLVVXHVSHDFHHGXFDWLRQDLPVSDUWLFXODUO\DWHPSRZHULQJWKHVWXGHQWV
VXLWHGWRWKHLULQGLYLGXDOOHYHOVWREHFRPHDJHQWVRI SHDFHDQGQRQYLR
OHQFHLQWKHLURZQOLYHVDVZHOODVLQWKHLULQWHUDFWLRQZLWKRWKHUVLQHYHU\
VSKHUHRI WKHLUH[LVWHQFH
/HWXVSXUVXHRXUJRDORI DZRUOGZLWKRXWYLROHQFHZLWKHYHQJUHDWHU
FRPPLWPHQWGHGLFDWLRQDQGDERYHDOOXQHQGLQJHQWKXVLDVP7KLVERRN
LVDSRZHUIXOWRROLQWKHKDQGVRI WKHSHRSOHRI WKHZRUOGWRVHFXUHIRU
DOORI XVWKHLQKHUHQWULJKWWRSHDFHDQGQRQYLROHQFH

     $PEDVVDGRU$QZDUXO.&KRZGKXU\
     )RUPHU8QGHU6HFUHWDU\*HQHUDO
     DQG+LJK5HSUHVHQWDWLYHRI WKH81

[LY
PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

$1RWHIURPWKH$XWKRUV

7
KH RYHUDOO JRDO RI  WKLV ERRN LV WR SURYLGH HGXFDWRUV ZLWK WKH
EDVLFNQRZOHGJHEDVHDVZHOODVWKHVNLOODQGYDOXHRULHQWDWLRQV
WKDWZHDVVRFLDWHZLWKHGXFDWLQJIRUDFXOWXUHRI SHDFH$OWKRXJK
WKLV ZRUN LV SULPDULO\ GLUHFWHG WRZDUGV WKH SUHVHUYLFH DQG LQVHUYLFH
SUHSDUDWLRQRI WHDFKHUVLQWKHIRUPDOVFKRROV\VWHPLWPD\EHXVHGLQ
QRQIRUPDOHGXFDWLRQ,WFDQDOVREHDUHVRXUFHIRUWKRVHZKRZDQWWR
XQGHUVWDQGSHDFHLVVXHVDQGVRPHRI WKHZD\VE\ZKLFKWKH\FDQKHOS
ZRUNIRUFKDQJHWRZDUGVDPRUHSHDFHDEOHVRFLHW\

:HDUHSOHDVHGWKDWZHFDQRIIHUWKLVVPDOOFRQWULEXWLRQWRWKH*OREDO
&DPSDLJQIRU3HDFH(GXFDWLRQ *&3( 7KH*&3(VHHNVWRLQWURGXFH
SHDFHHGXFDWLRQLQDOOHGXFDWLRQDOLQVWLWXWLRQVLQWKHZRUOG,WLVRXUKRSH
WKDWRXUZRUNFDQKHOSLQWKHUHDOL]DWLRQRI WKLVYLVLRQ

7KLVERRNLVÀUPO\URRWHGLQWKHEHOLHI WKDWGHOLEHUDWHDQGVXVWDLQHG
SHDFHHGXFDWLRQERWKLQRXUVFKRROVDQGLQRXUFRPPXQLWLHVLVDQLP
SRUWDQW IRUFH DQG SDWKZD\ WRZDUGV D FXOWXUH RI  SHDFH $V WKH *&3(
SXWVLW´$FXOWXUHRI SHDFHZLOOEHDFKLHYHGZKHQFLWL]HQVRI WKHZRUOG
XQGHUVWDQG JOREDO SUREOHPV KDYH WKH VNLOOV WR UHVROYH FRQÁLFWV DQG
VWUXJJOHIRUMXVWLFHQRQYLROHQWO\OLYHE\LQWHUQDWLRQDOVWDQGDUGVRI KX
PDQGLJQLW\DQGHTXLW\DSSUHFLDWHFXOWXUDOGLYHUVLW\UHVSHFWWKH(DUWK
DQGHDFKRWKHUµ

7KLVERRNLVEDVHGRQRXUVWXG\DQGUHVHDUFKDVZHOODVRQRXUH[
SHULHQFHVDVWHDFKHUVDQGWUDLQHUV%\ZULWLQJDERXWZKDWZHKDYHFRPH
WRNQRZDQGH[SHULHQFHGZHDUHSOHDVHGWKDWZHDUHQRZDEOHWRUHDFK
DODUJHUFRPPXQLW\RI HGXFDWRUVDQGRWKHUFRQFHUQHGSHRSOH,WLVRXU
KRSHWKDWWKHLGHDVFRQWDLQHGLQWKLVERRNZLOOFLUFXODWHZLGHO\DQGSUR


[Y
A Note from the Authors

PRWHHQWKXVLDVPIRUERWKHGXFDWLRQDQGDFWLRQIRUSHDFH

:HKDYHRUJDQL]HGWKHERRNLQWRWKUHHVHFWLRQV3DUW,SUHVHQWVFKDS
WHUVWKDWDUHPHDQWWRKHOSXVGHYHORSDKROLVWLFXQGHUVWDQGLQJRI SHDFH
DQGSHDFHHGXFDWLRQ3DUW,,GLVFXVVHVWKHNH\WKHPHVLQSHDFHHGXFD
WLRQ(DFKFKDSWHUVWDUWVZLWKDFRQFHSWXDOHVVD\RQDWKHPHDQGLVIRO
ORZHGE\VRPHSUDFWLFDOWHDFKLQJOHDUQLQJLGHDVWKDWFDQHLWKHUEHXVHG
LQ D FODVV RU DGDSWHG WR D FRPPXQLW\ VHWWLQJ 3DUW ,,, IRFXVHV RQ WKH
SHDFHDEOH OHDUQLQJ FOLPDWH DQG WKH HGXFDWRU WKH DJHQW ZKR IDFLOLWDWHV
WKHSODQWLQJDQGQXUWXULQJRI WKHVHHGVRI SHDFHLQWKHOHDUQLQJHQYLURQ
PHQW)LQDOO\WKHZKROHVFKRRODSSURDFKLVLQWURGXFHGWRVXJJHVWWKH
QHHGIRULQVWLWXWLRQDOWUDQVIRUPDWLRQDQGWKHQHHGWRPRYHEH\RQGWKH
VFKRROWRZDUGVHQJDJHPHQWZLWKRWKHUVWDNHKROGHUVLQWKHODUJHUVRFLHW\

´7RUHDFKSHDFHWHDFKSHDFHµ

       /RUHWD1DYDUUR&DVWUR
       -DVPLQ1DULR*DODFH

[YL
PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

 ͳ

$+ROLVWLF8QGHUVWDQGLQJRI 
3HDFHDQG9LROHQFH

$
QHZZD\RI WKLQNLQJDERXWSHDFHLVVRLPSRUWDQWWRGD\7KH
SRZHURI RXURZQXQGHUVWDQGLQJDQGYLHZVRI SHDFHERWKDV
DFRQGLWLRQDQGDVDYDOXHFDQQRWEHXQGHUHVWLPDWHG,WLVEH
FDXVHRXULGHDVVKDSHRXUIHHOLQJVDQGRXUDFWLRQVDVZHOODVKRZZH
OLYHDQGKRZZHUHODWHZLWKRWKHUV)RUWKLVUHDVRQ)ULWMRI &DSUDLQKLV
ZLGHO\DFFODLPHGERRN7KH7XUQLQJ3RLQWKDVDUJXHGIRUWKHQHHGIRU
DFKDQJHLQWKLQNLQJDERXWERWKFRQFHSWVDQGYDOXHVDVDQHFHVVDU\ÀUVW
VWHSWRVROYHRXUPDQ\SUREOHPVWRGD\ &DSUD 

6HFXODU9LHZV&RQFHSWVRI 3HDFHDQG9LROHQFH
(DUO\ VHFXODU ZULWLQJV RQ WKH VXEMHFW RI  SHDFH LQGLFDWH WKDW SHDFH
ZDVGHÀQHGDVPHUHO\WKHDEVHQFHRI ZDURUGLUHFWYLROHQFH7KLVQHJD
WLYHIRUPXODWLRQZDVÀUVWJLYHQE\+XJR*URWLXVLQ 'REURVLHOVNL
 7KHVLPSOHVWDQGPRVWZLGHVSUHDGXQGHUVWDQGLQJRI SHDFHZDV
WKDWRI DEVHQFHRI GHDWKDQGGHVWUXFWLRQDVDUHVXOWRI ZDUDQGSK\VL
FDOGLUHFWYLROHQFHDQXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKDWZDVXVHGDVWKHLQLWLDOSRLQWRI 
GHSDUWXUHLQSHDFHUHVHDUFK 7KHH 

$V ODWH DV  WKH QRWHG )UHQFK WKLQNHU 5D\PRQG $URQ GHÀQHG
SHDFHQDUURZO\DV D FRQGLWLRQ RI  ´PRUH RU OHVVODVWLQJVXVSHQVLRQRI 
YLROHQW PRGHV RI  ULYDOU\ EHWZHHQ SROLWLFDO XQLWVµ %DUDVK   /LNH


A Holistic Understanding of Peace and Peace Education

PDQ\RWKHUVZKRSUHFHGHGKLPKHGHÀQHGSHDFHDVWKHDEVHQFHRI ZDU
RURWKHUGLUHFWIRUPVRI RUJDQL]HGYLROHQFH

+RZHYHUDQDOWHUQDWLYHYLHZVWDUWHGWRHPHUJHEHJLQQLQJZLWKWKH
ODWHV$WWHQWLRQVWDUWHGWRVKLIWIURPGLUHFWWRLQGLUHFWRUVWUXFWXUDO
YLROHQFHLHZD\VLQZKLFKSHRSOHVXIIHUIURPYLROHQFHEXLOWLQWRDVR
FLHW\YLDLWVVRFLDOSROLWLFDODQGHFRQRPLFV\VWHPV +LFNV ,WZDV
UHDOL]HGWKDWLWZDVQRWRQO\ZDUDQGGLUHFWYLROHQFHWKDWFDXVHGGHDWK
DQG GLVÀJXUHPHQW 6WUXFWXUDO YLROHQFH DOVR OHG WR GHDWK DQG VXIIHULQJ
EHFDXVHRI WKHFRQGLWLRQVWKDWUHVXOWHGIURPLWH[WUHPHSRYHUW\VWDUYD
WLRQDYRLGDEOHGLVHDVHVGLVFULPLQDWLRQDJDLQVWPLQRULW\JURXSVDQGGH
QLDORI KXPDQULJKWV,WZDVIXUWKHUUHDOL]HGWKDWDZRUOGPDUNHGE\VDLG
FRQGLWLRQVLVDZRUOGGHYRLGRI SHDFHDQGKXPDQVHFXULW\LWEUHHGVDQ
JHUDQGJHQHUDWHVWHQVLRQOHDGLQJWRDUPHGFRQÁLFWDQGZDU,QWKLVFRQ
QHFWLRQ-RKDQ*DOWXQJDUHQRZQHGSHDFHWKHRULVWDQGUHVHDUFKHUDU
JXHVWKDWVWUXFWXUDOYLROHQFHRFFXUVZKHQWKHZHDOWKRI DIÁXHQWQDWLRQV
JURXSVRULQGLYLGXDOVLVEDVHGRQWKHODERUDQGWKHHVVHQWLDOUHVRXUFHV
GUDZQIURPQDWLRQVJURXSVDQGLQGLYLGXDOVZKRDVDFRQVHTXHQFHDUH
UHTXLUHGWROLYHGLPLQLVKHGOLYHVRI GHSULYDWLRQ 0RQH] 

7RZDUGD+ROLVWLF&RQFHSWRI 3HDFHDQG9LROHQFH
2YHU WKH SDVW PDQ\ \HDUV SHDFH ZRUNHUV KDYH LQFUHDVLQJO\ FKDO
OHQJHGWKLVFRQYHQWLRQDOYLHZRI SHDFHDQGKDYHGHFODUHGWKDW´SHDFH
LVQRWVLPSO\DODFNRI ZDURUQRQYLROHQFHSHDFHPHDQVWKHHUDGLFDWLRQ
RI DOOIDFHWVRI LQMXVWLFHµ &KHQJDQG.XUW] 7KHUHLVDFRQVHQVXV
WKDWZHQHHGWRKDYHDFRPSUHKHQVLYHYLHZRI SHDFHLI ZHDUHWRPRYH
WRZDUGDJHQXLQHSHDFHFXOWXUH

-RKDQ *DOWXQJ H[SODLQV WKDW SHDFH LV WKH DEVHQFH RI  YLROHQFH QRW
RQO\SHUVRQDORUGLUHFWEXWDOVRVWUXFWXUDORULQGLUHFW7KHPDQLIHVWDWLRQV
RI VWUXFWXUDOYLROHQFHDUHWKHKLJKO\XQHYHQGLVWULEXWLRQRI ZHDOWKDQG
UHVRXUFHVDVZHOODVWKHXQHYHQGLVWULEXWLRQRI SRZHUWRGHFLGHRYHUWKH
GLVWULEXWLRQRI VDLGUHVRXUFHV+HQFHKHVD\VSHDFHLVERWKWKHDEVHQFH


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

ĞĮŶŝŶŐWĞĂĐĞ

3($&(

1(*$7,9(3($&( 326,7,9(3($&(
$EVHQFHRIGLUHFWSK\VLFDO 3UHVHQFHRIFRQGLWLRQVRI
YLROHQFH ERWKPDFURDQG ZHOOEHLQJDQGMXVW
PLFUR  UHODWLRQVKLSVVRFLDOHFRQRPLF
SROLWLFDOHFRORJLFDO

6WUXFWXUDO9LROHQFH
'LUHFW9LROHQFH HJSRYHUW\KXQJHU
HJZDUWRUWXUHFKLOGDQG
ZRPDQDEXVH

6RFLRFXOWXUDO9LROHQFH
HJUDFLVPVH[LVPUHOLJLRXVLQWROHUDQFH

(FRORJLFDO9LROHQFH
HJSROOXWLRQRYHUFRQVXPSWLRQ

9,2/(1&(

RI SHUVRQDOGLUHFWYLROHQFHDQGWKHSUHVHQFHRI VRFLDOMXVWLFH)RUEUHY
LW\ KH SUHIHUV WKH IRUPXODWLRQV ´DEVHQFH RI  YLROHQFHµ DQG ´SUHVHQFH
RI VRFLDOMXVWLFHµWKLQNLQJRI WKHIRUPHUDVRQHWKDWLVQRWDSRVLWLYHO\
GHÀQHGFRQGLWLRQDQGKDVFDOOHGLWQHJDWLYHSHDFHZKHUHDVWKHODWWHULV
DSRVLWLYHO\GHÀQHGFRQGLWLRQ HJDOLWDULDQGLVWULEXWLRQRI SRZHUDQGUH


A Holistic Understanding of Peace and Peace Education

VRXUFHV DQGKDVFDOOHGLWSRVLWLYHSHDFH *DOWXQJ 

,QGHHGSHDFHUHVHDUFKHUVDQGHGXFDWRUVQRZVHHPVDWLVÀHGWRVSOLW
WKHFRQFHSWRI SHDFHLQWZRVWDWLQJWKDWWKHPHDQLQJRI SHDFHFDQEH
FDSWXUHGE\WKHLGHDRI DQHJDWLYHSHDFHDQGWKHLGHDRI DSRVLWLYHSHDFH
1HJDWLYHSHDFHUHIHUVWRWKHDEVHQFHRI ZDURUSK\VLFDOGLUHFWYLROHQFH
ZKLOHSRVLWLYHSHDFHUHIHUVWRWKHSUHVHQFHRI MXVWDQGQRQH[SORLWDWLYH
UHODWLRQVKLSVDVZHOODVKXPDQDQGHFRORJLFDOZHOOEHLQJVXFKWKDWWKH
URRWFDXVHVRI FRQÁLFWDUHGLPLQLVKHG

7KHQRQH[SORLWDWLYHUHODWLRQVKLSVPHQWLRQHGDERYHUHIHUQRWRQO\
WR UHODWLRQVKLSV EHWZHHQ KXPDQV EXW DOVR WR WKRVH EHWZHHQ KXPDQV
DQGQDWXUH3HDFHZLWKQDWXUHLVFRQVLGHUHGWKHIRXQGDWLRQIRU´SRVLWLYH
SHDFHµ 0LVFKH   ,W LV EHFDXVH WKH HDUWK LV XOWLPDWHO\ WKH VRXUFH
RI  RXU VXUYLYDO SK\VLFDO VXVWHQDQFH KHDOWK DQG ZHDOWK LW LV QRW SRV
VLEOHWRSURYLGHIRUKXPDQVXUYLYDOLI QDWXUH·VFDSDFLW\WRUHQHZLWVHOI LV
VHULRXVO\LPSDLUHG,WPXVWDOVREHUHPHPEHUHGWKDWKXPDQEHKDYLRULV
LQWLPDWHO\UHODWHGWRWKHDYDLODELOLW\RI EDVLFUHVRXUFHV %DUQDE\ 
:KHQDVKRUWDJHRI UHVRXUFHVWKUHDWHQVOLIHVW\OHVRUOLIHLWVHOIULYDOU\IRU
UHVRXUFHVFDQOHDGWRDJJUHVVLRQDQGYLROHQWFRQÁLFW

7KHGLDJUDPQH[WSDJHVXPPDUL]HVWKHIRUHJRLQJGLVFXVVLRQRQD
FRPSUHKHQVLYHFRQFHSWRI SHDFHDQGDOVRLQGLFDWHVWKHW\SHVRI YLROHQFH
WKDWFRUUHVSRQGZLWKWKHLGHDVRI QHJDWLYHSHDFHDQGSRVLWLYHSHDFH

2XUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRI SHDFHVKRXOGDOVRLQFOXGHWKHYDULRXVOHYHOV
RI UHODWLRQVKLSVEHJLQQLQJZLWKSHUVRQDOSHDFHDQGH[SDQGLQJWRZLGHU
FLUFOHV

7\SHVRI 9LROHQFH
%HWW\5HDUGRQDSHDFHHGXFDWRUZKRKDVPDGHVLJQLÀFDQWFRQWULEX
WLRQVWRWKHÀHOGGHÀQHVYLROHQFHDV´KXPDQO\LQÁLFWHGKDUPµ 5HDU
GRQ QG  ,W LV D VXFFLQFW GHVFULSWLRQ RI  ZKDW FRQVWLWXWHV YLROHQFH LQ


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

>ĞǀĞůƐŽĨWĞĂĐĞ
,ĂƌŵŽŶLJǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ^ĂĐƌĞĚ^ŽƵƌĐĞ
,ĂƌŵŽŶLJǁŝƚŚ
EĂƚƵƌĞ

,ĂƌŵŽŶLJǁŝƚŚ
,ĂƌŵŽŶLJǁŝƚŚ KƚŚĞƌƐ
ƚŚĞ^ĞůĨ

FRQWUDVWWRRWKHUW\SHVRI KDUPVWKDWUHVXOWIURPQDWXUDOFDXVHV

7KHUHDUHYDULRXVIRUPVRI YLROHQFHWZRRI ZKLFKDUHPHQWLRQHGLQ


WKHHDUOLHUGLVFXVVLRQSK\VLFDORUGLUHFWYLROHQFHDQGVWUXFWXUDOYLROHQFH
2WKHUIRUPVRI YLROHQFHDUHGHVFULEHGLQWKHFRQFHSWXDOPDSRI YLR
OHQFHWKDWZDVGRQHE\7RK6ZHH+LQDQG9LUJLQLD&DZDJDV  ,WLV
DW\SRORJ\WKDWLQGLFDWHVWKHYDULRXVW\SHVIRUPVRI YLROHQFHDQGVRPH
H[DPSOHVLOOXVWUDWLRQVRI HDFKW\SHLQWKHSHUVRQDOLQWHUSHUVRQDOVRFLDO
DQGJOREDOOHYHOV

%LUJLW%URFN8WQH  QRWHVWKDWGLUHFWYLROHQFHFDQEHFDWHJR


UL]HG DV RUJDQL]HG RU XQRUJDQL]HG 2UJDQL]HG YLROHQFH UHIHUV WR ZDU
ZKLFKVKHGHVFULEHVDVRUJDQL]HGDQGFROOHFWLYHYLROHQFHZKLFKRFFXUV
EHWZHHQVWDWHVRUZLWKLQDVWDWH8QRUJDQL]HGYLROHQFHLQFOXGHVZLIHEDW


A Holistic Understanding of Peace and Peace Education

dLJƉŽůŽŐLJŽĨsŝŽůĞŶĐĞ
$GDSWHGIURPWKHFRQFHSWXDOPDSIRUPXODWHGE\7RK6ZHH+LQ
DQG9LUJLQLD&DZDJDV
‡˜‡Ž
–‡”’‡”•‘ƒŽ
‡”•‘ƒŽ
‘”‘ˆ ƒ–‹‘ƒŽ
Ž‘„ƒŽ
‘—‹–›
˜‹‘Ž‡…‡
ŝƌĞĐƚͬWŚLJƐŝĐĂů ^ƵŝĐŝĚĞ
ŽŵĞƐƚŝĐǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞ EĂƚŝŽŶĂů ŽŶǀĞŶƚŝŽŶĂůǁĂƌ
ƌƵŐĂďƵƐĞ sŝŽůĞŶƚƌŝŵĞƐ ŝŶĞƋƵĂůŝƚŝĞƐ EƵĐůĞĂƌǁĂƌ
WŽǀĞƌƚLJ͕,ƵŶŐĞƌ ,ƵŵĂŶƌŝŐŚƚƐ
ĂďƵƐĞƐ
^ƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂůͬ WŽǁĞƌůĞƐƐŶĞƐƐ >ŽĐĂůŝŶĞƋƵĂůŝƚŝĞƐ EĂƚŝŽŶĂů 'ůŽďĂůŝŶĞƋƵĂůŝƚŝĞƐ
ĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ͕WŽůŝƚŝĐĂů WŽǀĞƌƚLJ͕,ƵŶŐĞƌ ŝŶĞƋƵĂůŝƚŝĞƐ WŽǀĞƌƚLJ͕,ƵŶŐĞƌ
WŽǀĞƌƚLJ͕,ƵŶŐĞƌ
^ŽĐŝŽͲĐƵůƚƵƌĂͬ
ůŝĞŶĂƚŝŽŶ
WƌĞũƵĚŝĐĞͬĞŶĞŵLJ
WƌĞũƵĚŝĐĞͬĞŶĞŵLJWƌĞũƵĚŝĐĞͬĞŶĞŵLJ
WƐĐLJĐŚŽůŽŐŝĐĂů >ŽǁƐĞůĨͲ ŝŵĂŐĞƐ ŝŵĂŐĞƐ ŝŵĂŐĞƐ
ĞƐƚĞĞŵ
ƵůƚƵƌĂůĚŽŵŝŶĂƚŝŽŶ
ƵůƚƵƌĂůĚŽŵŝŶĂƚŝŽŶ
ƵůƚƵƌĂůĚŽŵŝŶĂƚŝŽŶ
ŶdžŝĞƚLJ ZĂĐŝƐŵ ZĂĐŝƐŵ ZĂĐŝƐŵ
^ĞdžŝƐŵ ^ĞdžŝƐŵ ^ĞdžŝƐŵ
ZĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐ ZĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐ ZĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐ
ŝŶƚŽůĞƌĂŶĐĞ ŝŶƚŽůĞƌĂŶĐĞ ŝŶƚŽůĞƌĂŶĐĞ
ĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂů KǀĞƌ KǀĞƌͲ KǀĞƌͲ KǀĞƌͲ
ŽŶƐƵŵƉƚŝŽŶ ŽŶƐƵŵƉƚŝŽŶ ŽŶƐƵŵƉƚŝŽŶ ŽŶƐƵŵƉƚŝŽŶ
WŽůůƵƚŝŽŶ WŽůůƵƚŝŽŶ WŽůůƵƚŝŽŶ
ŚĞŵŝĐĂůĂŶĚ
ŚĞŵŝĐĂůĂŶĚ
ŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂůǁĂƌĨĂƌĞ
ŝŽůŽŐŝĐĂůǁĂƌĨĂƌĞ
EƵĐůĞĂƌƉŽǁĞƌ EƵĐůĞĂƌƉŽǁĞƌ
ƌĂĚŝĂƚŝŽŶ ƌĂĚŝĂƚŝŽŶ

WHULQJ UDSH FKLOG DEXVH DQG VWUHHW FULPH 6KH DOVR QRWHV WKDW LQGLUHFW
YLROHQFHFDQHLWKHUVKRUWHQOLIHVSDQRUUHGXFHTXDOLW\RI OLIH6KHFLWHG
HFRQRPLFVWUXFWXUHVWKDWOHDGWRXQHTXDOFKDQFHVDVZHOODVUHSUHVVLRQ
RI  WKH IUHHGRP RI  VSHHFK DQG RI  FKRLFH DQG WKH UHSUHVVLRQ RI  RQH·V
IXOÀOOPHQWDVIHDWXUHVRI LQGLUHFWYLROHQFH

$&XOWXUHRI 3HDFH
7KH81(6&2SUHDPEOHWHOOVXVWKDW´6LQFHZDUVEHJLQLQWKHPLQGV
RI PHQLWLVLQWKHPLQGVRI PHQWKDWWKHGHIHQVHVRI SHDFHPXVWEH
FRQVWUXFWHGµ,QNHHSLQJZLWKLWVPLVVLRQ81(6&2EHJDQWKH&XOWXUH
RI 3HDFH3URJUDPPHDQGLWVDZWKHSRWHQWLDORI WKHSURJUDPPHWREH


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

FRPHDJOREDOPRYHPHQW7KH'HFODUDWLRQRQD&XOWXUHRI 3HDFHZDV
HYHQWXDOO\DGRSWHGE\WKH8QLWHG1DWLRQV*HQHUDO$VVHPEO\LQ

:KDWLVDFXOWXUHRI SHDFH"7KH'HFODUDWLRQ 81 VWDWHVWKDW


´DFXOWXUHRI SHDFHLVDVHWRI YDOXHVDWWLWXGHVWUDGLWLRQVPRGHVRI EH
KDYLRUDQGZD\VRI OLIHWKDWUHÁHFWDQGLQVSLUH

‡ UHVSHFWIRUOLIHDQGIRUDOOKXPDQULJKWV
‡ UHMHFWLRQRI YLROHQFHLQDOOLWVIRUPVDQGFRPPLWPHQWWRWKH
‡ SUHYHQWLRQ RI  YLROHQW FRQÁLFW E\ WDFNOLQJ WKHLU URRW FDXVHV
WKURXJKGLDORJXHDQGQHJRWLDWLRQ
‡ FRPPLWPHQW WR IXOO SDUWLFLSDWLRQ LQ WKH SURFHVV RI  HTXLWDEO\
PHHWLQJWKHQHHGVRI SUHVHQWDQGIXWXUHJHQHUDWLRQV
‡ SURPRWLRQRI WKHHTXDOULJKWVDQGRSSRUWXQLWLHVRI ZRPHQDQG
PHQ
‡ UHFRJQLWLRQRI WKHULJKWRI HYHU\RQHWRIUHHGRPRI H[SUHVVLRQ
‡ RSLQLRQDQGLQIRUPDWLRQ
‡ GHYRWLRQWRSULQFLSOHVRI IUHHGRPMXVWLFHGHPRFUDF\WROHUDQFH
VROLGDULW\FRRSHUDWLRQSOXUDOLVPFXOWXUDOGLYHUVLW\GLDORJXHDQG
XQGHUVWDQGLQJEHWZHHQQDWLRQVEHWZHHQHWKQLFUHOLJLRXVFXOWXU
DODQGRWKHUJURXSVDQGEHWZHHQLQGLYLGXDOV
$3KLOLSSLQH)UDPHZRUNWRZDUGD&XOWXUHRI 3HDFH
,QWKH3KLOLSSLQHVDFXOWXUHRI SHDFHIUDPHZRUNKDVEHHQGHYHORSHG
RXWRI WKHH[SHULHQFHVDQGUHÁHFWLRQVRI SHDFHDGYRFDWHVLQWKHFRXQWU\
7KHÀJXUHEHORZLVDJUDSKLFUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRI WKLVIUDPHZRUNDQGZDV
FXOOHGIURPWKHZRUNRI DQDFWLYH0LQGDQDRSHDFHDGYRFDWH$QWRQLR-
/HGHVPD6-$UFKELVKRSRI &DJD\DQGH2UR /HGHVPD 

,QWKHIROORZLQJÀJXUHVL[GLPHQVLRQVDQGVL[YDOXHVDUHLQGLFDWHG
7KHFDWHJRULHVDUHQRWPHDQWWREHH[KDXVWLYHEXWWKH\UHSUHVHQWWKHPD
MRUFRQFHUQVDQGWKHQHHGHGYDOXHVIRUWKHEXLOGLQJRI DFXOWXUHRI SHDFH
LQWKH3KLOLSSLQHV7RPRYHFORVHUWRWKHJRDORI HVWDEOLVKLQJDSHDFH
FXOWXUHLWLVDEVROXWHO\LPSRUWDQWWKDWSHUVRQDODQGIDPLO\LQWHJULW\DUH


A Holistic Understanding of Peace and Peace Education

WƌŽŵŽƟŶŐĂƵůƚƵƌĞŽĨWĞĂĐĞ͗^ŝdžŝŵĞŶƐŝŽŶƐĂŶĚ
KƉĞƌĂƟǀĞsĂůƵĞƐ
,6RFLDO
&RQWLQXXP

,,3ROLWLFDO
&RQWLQXXP

6SLULWXDOLW\

6WHZDUGVKLS -XVWLFH
,,,
(FRQRPLF
$FWLYH1RQ &RQWLQXXP
&RPSDVVLRQ
9LROHQFH

'LDORJXH

SURWHFWHGDQGSURPRWHG.HHSLQJWKHVHOI DQGWKHIDPLO\ZKROHLQYLHZ
RI WKHYDULRXVIRUPVRI EURNHQQHVVWKDWVXUURXQGWKHPLVDIRXQGDWLRQ
RI DSHDFHFXOWXUH5HVSHFWIRUKXPDQGLJQLW\IXQGDPHQWDOIUHHGRPV
GHPRFUDWLFSDUWLFLSDWLRQWKHIXOÀOOPHQWRI EDVLFQHHGVDQGHFRQRPLF
HTXLW\DUHDOVRPDMRUFRQFHUQVLQWKLVIUDPHZRUNEHFDXVHWKHDIRUHPHQ
WLRQHGDUHURRWVRI SHDFH/LNHZLVHLQWHUFXOWXUDOXQGHUVWDQGLQJRUWKH
DFFHSWDQFHDQGUHVSHFWIRUWKH´GLIIHUHQWRWKHUµDVZHOODVFDULQJIRUWKH
HQYLURQPHQWFRQWULEXWHWRSHDFH,QYLHZRI WKHFRQWLQXLQJWKUHDWRI 
DUPHGFRQÁLFWVLQWKHFRXQWU\WKHFHVVDWLRQRI DUPHGKRVWLOLWLHVLVDPD


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

MRUFRQFHUQDVZHOODVWKHUHDOORFDWLRQRI VFDUFHUHVRXUFHVIURP´DUPV
WRIDUPVµRUIURPEX\LQJVWRFNSLOLQJZHDSRQVWRXQGHUWDNLQJDFWLYLWLHV
WKDWZRXOGUHGRXQGWRSHRSOH·VEHQHÀW

7KHYDOXHVWKDWDSWO\FRUUHVSRQGWRWKHVHGLPHQVLRQVDUHVSLULWXDOLW\
MXVWLFH FRPSDVVLRQ GLDORJXH DFWLYH QRQYLROHQFH DQG VWHZDUGVKLS RI
VHQVHRI NLQVKLSZLWKWKH(DUWK7KHVHYDOXHVDUHH[SODLQHGLQJUHDWHU
GHWDLOLQVXFFHHGLQJFKDSWHUV

&XOWXUDO7UDGLWLRQVZLWKD%URDG&RQFHSWRI 3HDFH
7KH*UHHNFRQFHSWRI ´LUHQHµLPSOLHVKDUPRQ\DQGMXVWLFHDVZHOO
DVWKHDEVHQFHRI SK\VLFDOYLROHQFH6LPLODUO\WKH$UDELF´VDOD·DPµDQG
WKH +HEUHZ ´VKDORPµ HPEUDFH QRW RQO\ WKH DEVHQFH RI  ZDU EXW DOVR
ZHOOEHLQJZKROHQHVVDQGKDUPRQ\ZLWKRQH·VVHOI DQGDOVREHWZHHQLQ
GLYLGXDOVZLWKLQDFRPPXQLW\DQGDPRQJQDWLRQV´6KDORPµDOVRPHDQV
ORYHIXOOKHDOWKSURVSHULW\UHGLVWULEXWLRQRI JRRGVDQGUHFRQFLOLDWLRQ
7KH6DQVNULWFRQFHSWRI ´VKDQWLµUHIHUVQRWRQO\WRVSLULWXDOFRQWHQW
PHQWEXWDOVRWRSHDFHRI PLQGSHDFHRI WKHHDUWKSHDFHXQGHUQHDWK
WKHVHDVSHDFHLQRXWHUVSDFHWUXO\DFRVPLFYLHZRI SHDFH7KH&KLQHVH
´SLQJµLPSOLHVKDUPRQ\DFKLHYLQJDXQLW\RXWRI GLYHUVLW\FRPSDUDEOH
WRWKHDQFLHQW&KLQHVHFRQFHSWRI LQWHJUDWLQJVHHPLQJO\RSSRVHGHOH
PHQWVDVUHSUHVHQWHGLQWKHSULQFLSOHVRI \LQDQG\DQJ %DUDVK 

,WFDQEHVDLGWKDWDKROLVWLFXQGHUVWDQGLQJRI SHDFHKDVEHHQGHULYHG
RQRQHKDQGIURPDFULWLFDODQGSUDFWLFDODQDO\VLVRI ZKDWWKH\HDUQLQJ
IRUDGXUDEOHSHDFHUHDOO\GHPDQGV WKDWLVLWGHPDQGVERWKWKHUHMHFWLRQ
RI YLROHQFHDQGWKHSXUVXLWRI FHUWDLQSRVLWLYHFRQGLWLRQV $WWKHVDPH
WLPHWKHKROLVWLFYLHZLVDOVRGHULYHGIURPFHUWDLQHWKLFDOFXOWXUDODQG
KLVWRULFDOURRWVWKDWKDYHLQÁXHQFHGWRGD\·VSHDFHWKLQNLQJ


Toward a Holistic Understanding of Peace and Peace Education


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

Šƒ’–‡”ʹ

3HDFH(GXFDWLRQDV
7UDQVIRUPDWLYH(GXFDWLRQ

7
KHJUHDWHVWUHVRXUFHIRUEXLOGLQJDFXOWXUHRI SHDFHDUHWKHSHR
SOHWKHPVHOYHVIRULWLVWKURXJKWKHPWKDWSHDFHIXOUHODWLRQVKLSV
DQGVWUXFWXUHVDUHFUHDWHG+HQFHHGXFDWLQJSHRSOHWRZDUGEH
FRPLQJSHDFHDJHQWVLVFHQWUDOWRWKHWDVNRI SHDFHEXLOGLQJ3HDFHEXLOG
LQJUHIHUVJHQHUDOO\WRWKHORQJWHUPSURMHFWRI EXLOGLQJSHDFHIXOFRP
PXQLWLHV2QHFDQUHDGLO\VHHKRZSHDFHHGXFDWLRQLVWKHUHIRUHERWKD
VLJQLÀFDQWSHDFHEXLOGLQJVWUDWHJ\ DVLQWKHFDVHRI DSRVWFRQÁLFWVLWXD
WLRQ DQGDQHIIHFWLYHZD\RI SUHYHQWLQJYLROHQWFRQÁLFW

,Q D SHDFHEXLOGLQJ IUDPHZRUN GHYHORSHG LQ WKH 3KLOLSSLQHV SHDFH


FRQVWLWXHQF\EXLOGLQJ LV LQGLFDWHG DV DQ LPSRUWDQW HOHPHQW )HUUHU
 7KHODWWHULQFOXGHVHGXFDWLRQDLPHGDWSURPRWLQJDSHDFHFXOWXUH
DQGDJHQGD

:KDW,V3HDFH(GXFDWLRQ"
3HDFHHGXFDWLRQRUDQHGXFDWLRQWKDWSURPRWHVDFXOWXUHRI SHDFH
LVHVVHQWLDOO\WUDQVIRUPDWLYH,WFXOWLYDWHVWKHNQRZOHGJHEDVHVNLOOVDW
WLWXGHV DQG YDOXHV WKDW VHHN WR WUDQVIRUP SHRSOH·V PLQGVHWV DWWLWXGHV
DQGEHKDYLRUVWKDWLQWKHÀUVWSODFHKDYHHLWKHUFUHDWHGRUH[DFHUEDWHG
YLROHQWFRQÁLFWV,WVHHNVWKLVWUDQVIRUPDWLRQE\EXLOGLQJDZDUHQHVVDQG


Peace Education as Transformative Education

XQGHUVWDQGLQJGHYHORSLQJFRQFHUQDQGFKDOOHQJLQJSHUVRQDODQGVRFLDO
DFWLRQWKDWZLOOHQDEOHSHRSOHWROLYHUHODWHDQGFUHDWHFRQGLWLRQVDQG
V\VWHPVWKDWDFWXDOL]HQRQYLROHQFHMXVWLFHHQYLURQPHQWDOFDUHDQGRWKHU
SHDFHYDOXHV

7RLOOXVWUDWHWKHDERYHZLWKDQH[DPSOHZHFDQVD\WKDWSHDFHHGXFD
WLRQZRXOGÀUVWLQYLWHWKH\RXWKRUDGXOWOHDUQHUVWREHDZDUHRI DQGWR
XQGHUVWDQGWKHUDPLÀFDWLRQVDQGURRWVRI DSDUWLFXODUFRQÁLFWDQGZKDW
WKHSRVVLEOHDOWHUQDWLYHVPLJKWEH7KHQWKURXJKUHÁHFWLRQGLVFXVVLRQ
DQGXVHRI DSHUVSHFWLYHWDNLQJWHFKQLTXHWKH\ZLOOEHDVNHGWRORRNDW
WKHYDULRXVSHUVSHFWLYHVDQGLPDJLQHWKHPVHOYHVWREHLQWKHSODFHRI 
RWKHUV WR FXOWLYDWH HPSDWK\ IRU WKH YLFWLPV RI  YLROHQFH RU IRU WKRVH
ZKRVH SHUVSHFWLYH PD\ DOVR KDYH OHJLWLPDF\ EXW ZKRVH SHUVSHFWLYH LV
GLIIHUHQWIURPRXUV)LQDOO\SHDFHHGXFDWLRQHOLFLWVZHOOWKRXJKWRXWDO
WHUQDWLYHVIURPWKHPWKRVHWKDWDUHIDLUDQGFRQVWUXFWLYHIRUH[DPSOH
DQGHQFRXUDJHVWKHPWRZRUNIRUWKHFRQÁLFW·VUHVROXWLRQDQGWUDQVIRU
PDWLRQWKURXJKQRQYLROHQWZD\V

7KLVPHDQVWKDWWKHOHDUQLQJSURFHVVWKDWLVXWLOL]HGLQSHDFHHGXFD
WLRQLVKROLVWLFDQGLWWULHVWRDGGUHVVWKHFRJQLWLYHDIIHFWLYHDQGDFWLYHGL
PHQVLRQVRI WKHOHDUQHU$XVXDOSURFHGXUHLQFOXGHVWKHLQWURGXFWLRQRI 
UHOHYDQWQHZNQRZOHGJHRUUHLQIRUFHGNQRZOHGJHSRVLQJYDOXLQJTXHV
WLRQVDQGXVLQJGLVFXVVLRQDQGRWKHUSDUWLFLSDWRU\PHWKRGVWRFXOWLYDWH
FRQFHUQ DQG HOLFLWLQJFKDOOHQJLQJHQFRXUDJLQJ DSSURSULDWH SHUVRQDO
DQGVRFLDODFWLRQ

7KHDFWLRQWRZDUGVWUDQVIRUPDWLRQPD\LQFOXGHDFWLRQDJDLQVWSUHMX
GLFHDQGWKHZDUV\VWHPRUDFWLRQIRUVRFLDODQGHFRQRPLFMXVWLFH3D\
LQJDWWHQWLRQWRDOOWKHVHOHYHOV³WKHFRJQLWLYHDIIHFWLYHDQGDFWLYH³
LQFUHDVHVWKHSRVVLELOLW\WKDWWKHSHDFHSHUVSHFWLYHRUYDOXHWKDWLVEHLQJ
FXOWLYDWHGZRXOGEHLQWHUQDOL]HG7KHQH[W)LJXUHLOOXVWUDWHVWKLVSURFHVV
LQ JUDSKLF IRUP 6SHFLÀF SHDFHDEOH WHDFKLQJOHDUQLQJ WHFKQLTXHV WKDW
FDQJRZHOOZLWKWKLVOHDUQLQJSURFHVVZLOOEHGHVFULEHGLQDODWHUFKDSWHU


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

dŚĞWĞĂĐĞĂďůĞdĞĂĐŚŝŶŐͲ>ĞĂƌŶŝŶŐWƌŽĐĞƐƐ

:K\(GXFDWHIRU3HDFH"
%HWW\5HDUGRQLQKHUJURXQGEUHDNLQJERRN&RPSUHKHQVLYH3HDFH
(GXFDWLRQ(GXFDWLQJIRU*OREDO5HVSRQVLELOLW\  UHPLQGVXVWKDW
SHDFHHGXFDWLRQKDVDQLPSRUWDQWVRFLDOSXUSRVH,WVHHNVWRWUDQVIRUP
WKHSUHVHQWKXPDQFRQGLWLRQE\´FKDQJLQJVRFLDOVWUXFWXUHVDQGSDWWHUQV
RI WKRXJKWWKDWKDYHFUHDWHGLWµ6KHFDUULHVWKLVSHUVSHFWLYHIRUZDUGLQ
D ODWHU ERRN /HDUQLQJ WR $EROLVK :DU 7HDFKLQJ WRZDUG D &XOWXUH RI 
3HDFH 5HDUGRQDQG&DEH]XGR ,QWKHODWWHULWVWDWHVWKDWWKHPDLQ
SXUSRVHVRI SHDFHHGXFDWLRQDUHWKHHOLPLQDWLRQRI VRFLDOLQMXVWLFHWKH
UHMHFWLRQRI YLROHQFHDQGWKHDEROLWLRQRI ZDU

6DGO\ VRFLDO LQMXVWLFH ZDU DQG RWKHU IRUPV RI  YLROHQFH KDYH ORQJ
EHHQIHDWXUHVRI RXUKXPDQFRQGLWLRQ7KH\KDYHFDXVHGGHDWKGHVWUXF
WLRQDQGKRUULÀFVXIIHULQJEXWKXPDQLW\KDVQRW\HWEHHQDEOHWRZDJH
DVXFFHVVIXOFROOHFWLYHHIIRUWWRWUDQVIRUPWKLVFRQGLWLRQ:LWKXQLYHUVDO
SHDFHHGXFDWLRQWKHUHLVVRPHKRSHWKDWZHPD\EHDEOHWRPRYHWRZDUG


Peace Education as Transformative Education

KDYLQJDFULWLFDOPDVVWKDWZLOOGHPDQGDQGDGGUHVVQHHGHGFKDQJHV$V
&RUD:HLVVSUHVLGHQWDQGLQLWLDWRURI WKH+DJXH$SSHDOIRU3HDFHKDV
DSWO\VDLG
7KHUHDUHPDQ\FDPSDLJQVWKDWDUHZRUNLQJRQDYDULHW\RI 
LVVXHV ZKLFK PXVW EH DGGUHVVHG LI  WKLV QHZ FHQWXU\ LV QRW WR
FDUU\IRUZDUGWKHOHJDF\RI WKHWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\WKHPRVWYLR
OHQWDQGZDUÀOOHGLQKLVWRU\$OOWKHVHFDPSDLJQVDUHQHHGHGLI 
ZHDUHWRVRZVHHGVIRUSHDFHDQGWKHDEROLWLRQRI ZDUEXWQRQH
FDQVXFFHHGZLWKRXWHGXFDWLRQ«+DJXH$SSHDOIRU3HDFHKDV
GHFLGHGWKDWWRVXVWDLQDORQJWHUPFKDQJHLQWKHWKRXJKWDQG
DFWLRQRI IXWXUHJHQHUDWLRQV«RXUEHVWFRQWULEXWLRQZRXOGEH
WRZRUNRQSHDFHHGXFDWLRQ :HLVV 

,QWKH3KLOLSSLQHVWKH&HQWHUIRU3HDFH(GXFDWLRQLQ0LULDP&RO
OHJHDQGRWKHUJURXSVKDYHH[SUHVVHGWKDWHGXFDWLQJIRUSHDFHLVERWKD
SUDFWLFDODOWHUQDWLYHDQGDQHWKLFDOLPSHUDWLYH

3HDFH(GXFDWLRQLVD3UDFWLFDO$OWHUQDWLYH
(GXFDWLQJIRUSHDFHZLOOJLYHXVLQWKHORQJUXQWKHSUDFWLFDOEHQHÀWV
WKDWZHVHHN$VVWDWHGHDUOLHULWLVH[SHFWHGWREXLOGDFULWLFDOPDVVRI 
SHRSOHZKRZLOOGHPDQGIRUDQGDGGUHVVWKHQHHGHGSHUVRQDODQGVWUXF
WXUDOFKDQJHVWKDWZLOOWUDQVIRUPWKHPDQ\SUREOHPVWKDWUHODWHWRSHDFH
LQWRQRQYLROHQWKXPDQHDQGHFRORJLFDODOWHUQDWLYHVDQGVROXWLRQV

7R LOOXVWUDWH ZH NQRZ WKDW ZDU KDV EHHQ D FRUH LQVWLWXWLRQ RI  WKH
JOREDO VHFXULW\ V\VWHP WKHQ DQG QRZ ,W KDV DGYHUVHO\ DIIHFWHG FRXQW
OHVVJHQHUDWLRQVFRQVLGHULQJLWVKXPDQFRVWVDVZHOODVLWVPDWHULDODQG
HQYLURQPHQWDOFRVWV,WKDVDOVROHGWRWKHUDWLRQDOL]DWLRQRI YLROHQFHLQ
VRPDQ\DVSHFWVRI OLIH,WKDVJLYHQELUWKWRKRUUHQGRXVSKHQRPHQD
VXFK DV ZDUWLPH UDSH DQG VH[VODYHU\ HWKQLF FOHDQVLQJ DQG JHQRFLGH
$QG\HWWKHUHLVZLGHVSUHDGEHOLHI WKDWZDULVLQHYLWDEOH:DULVDFFHSWHG
DVDOHJLWLPDWHPHDQVWRSXUVXHWKHVRFDOOHGQDWLRQDOLQWHUHVWV:DUFDU
ULHV ZLWK LW D KRVW RI  RWKHU HOHPHQWV DPDVVLQJ DUPDPHQWV LQFUHDVLQJ


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

PLOLWDU\IRUFHVLQYHQWLQJPRUHVRSKLVWLFDWHGDQGGHVWUXFWLYHZHDSRQV
GHYHORSLQJHVSLRQDJHVNLOOVDQGWHFKQRORJ\ZLOOLQJQHVVWRVXERUGLQDWH
KXPDQULJKWVDQGWKHXVHRI WRUWXUHRQHQHPLHVHWF

3HDFHHGXFDWLRQFKDOOHQJHVWKHORQJKHOGEHOLHI WKDWZDUVFDQQRWEH
DYRLGHG2IWHQWKLVEHOLHI LVEDVHGRQDQXQGHUO\LQJYLHZWKDWYLROHQFH
LVLQKHUHQWLQKXPDQQDWXUH$ODWHUFKDSWHUZLOODGGUHVVWKLVLVVXHEXW
VXIÀFHLWWRVD\DWWKLVSRLQWWKDWSHDFHHGXFDWLRQFDQWUDQVIRUPSHRSOH·V
PLQGVHWVZLWKUHJDUGWRWKHLQHYLWDELOLW\RI ZDUDQGFDQLQIDFWHQDEOH
SHRSOH WR VHH WKDW DOWHUQDWLYHV H[LVW DQG WKDW WKHUH DUH ZD\V E\ ZKLFK
YLROHQWFRQÁLFWFDQEHSUHYHQWHG3ROLWLFDODGYRFDF\RI QRQYLROHQWUHVR
OXWLRQRI FRQÁLFWLVDNH\HOHPHQWRI SHDFHHGXFDWLRQDQG\RXFDQMXVW
LPDJLQHWKHEHQHÀWVWKDWZLOOEHUHDSHGZKHQWKLVEHFRPHVWKHGRPL
QDQWPLQGVHWDQGYDOXHLQRXUZRUOG

,QWKHPLFUROHYHOHGXFDWLRQRQQRQYLROHQWFRQÁLFWUHVROXWLRQDS
SURDFKHV DQLPSRUWDQWDVSHFWRI SHDFHHGXFDWLRQ VXFKDVFROODERUD
WLYHSUREOHPVROYLQJDQGPHGLDWLRQFDQLPSURYHWKHTXDOLW\RI KXPDQ
UHODWLRQVKLSV DQG EULQJ DERXW VROXWLRQV WKDW DUH FRQVWUXFWLYH IDLU DQG
KHOSIXOWRDOOSDUWLHVFRQFHUQHG7KLVWRSLFZLOOEHGHDOWZLWKLQFKDSWHU

3HDFH(GXFDWLRQLVDQ(WKLFDO,PSHUDWLYH
(GXFDWLQJIRUSHDFHLVDQHWKLFDOLPSHUDWLYHFRQVLGHULQJWKHQHJDWLRQ
RI OLIHDQGZHOOEHLQJFDXVHGE\DOOIRUPVRI YLROHQFH7KHHWKLFDOV\V
WHPVRI WKHPDMRUZRUOGIDLWKWUDGLWLRQVKXPDQLWDULDQHWKLFVDQGHYHQ
SULPDODQGLQGLJHQRXVVSLULWXDOLW\KDYHDUWLFXODWHGSULQFLSOHVWKDWLQVSLUH
WKHVWULYLQJIRUSHDFH7KHVHHWKLFDOSULQFLSOHVLQFOXGHWKHXQLW\DQGYDOXH
RI OLIHQRWRQO\RI KXPDQOLIHEXWDOVRRWKHUOLIHIRUPVLQQDWXUHUHVSHFW
IRUKXPDQGLJQLW\QRQYLROHQFHMXVWLFHDQGORYHDVDVRFLDOHWKLF7KH\
DUHSULQFLSOHVWKDWDUHKLJKO\HQFRXUDJHGIRUDFWXDOL]DWLRQEHFDXVHWKH\
DUHH[SHFWHGWREULQJXVWRWKHFRPPRQJRRG


Peace Education as Transformative Education

6FKHPDRI .QRZOHGJH6NLOOVDQG$WWLWXGHV9DOXHV
7KHIRUHJRLQJVFKHPDLVDQDWWHPSWWROLVWWKHNH\NQRZOHGJHDUHDV
VNLOOVDWWLWXGHVDQGYDOXHVWKDWDUHLQWHJUDOWRSHDFHHGXFDWLRQ7KHOLVWLV
EDVHGRQDVXUYH\RI SHDFHHGXFDWLRQOLWHUDWXUHDQGRI NH\LQIRUPDQWV
SHDFH HGXFDWRUV WKDW ZDV GRQH E\ WKH &HQWHU IRU 3HDFH (GXFDWLRQ RI 
0LULDP &ROOHJH 7KH OLVW LV QRW H[KDXVWLYH DQG LV H[SHFWHG WR HYROYH
DV SHDFH HGXFDWLRQ SUDFWLFH DQG H[SHULHQFHV DV ZHOO DV FRUUHVSRQGLQJ
UHÁHFWLRQV DQG LQVLJKWV RQ WKHVH H[SHULHQFHV LQFUHDVH 7KH GLDJUDP LV
IROORZHGE\DEULHI H[SODQDWLRQRI HDFKLWHPIRXQGLQWKHVFKHPD

(GXFDWLRQ IRU 3HDFH /LVW RI  .QRZOHGJH $UHDV 6NLOOV DQG


$WWLWXGHV9DOXHV

.QRZOHGJH&RQWHQW$UHDV
6RPHRI WKHNQRZOHGJHRUFRQWHQWDUHDVWKDWDUHLQWHJUDOWRSHDFHHGX
FDWLRQDUH
 +ROLVWLF&RQFHSWRI 3HDFH
,W LV LPSRUWDQW WKDW VWXGHQWV XQGHUVWDQG WKDW SHDFH LV QRW MXVW WKH
DEVHQFHRI GLUHFWSK\VLFDOYLROHQFHEXWDOVRWKHSUHVHQFHRI FRQGLWLRQV
RI ZHOOEHLQJFRRSHUDWLRQDQGMXVWUHODWLRQVKLSVLQWKHKXPDQDQGHFR
ORJLFDOVSKHUHV7KLVSHUVSHFWLYHZLOOKHOSWKHPDQDO\]HSHDFHLVVXHVLQ
DQLQWHJUDWHGZD\

 &RQÁLFWDQG9LROHQFH
&RQÁLFWVDUHDQDWXUDOSDUWRI SHUVRQ·VVRFLDOOLIHEXWWKH\EHFRPH
SUREOHPVRI YLROHQFHGHSHQGLQJRQWKHPHWKRGVRI FRQÁLFWUHVROXWLRQ
XVHG6WXGHQWVFDQVWXG\WKHSUREOHPVRI YLROHQFHLQYDULRXVOHYHOVIURP
WKHSHUVRQDOWRWKHJOREDODQGLQFOXGLQJGLUHFWVWUXFWXUDOVRFLRFXOWXUDO
DQG HFRORJLFDO YLROHQFH 7KH\ FDQ DOVR H[DPLQH WKH URRWV DQG FRQVH
TXHQFHVRI YLROHQFH


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

^ĐŚĞŵĂŽĨ<ŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͕^ŬŝůůƐΘƫƚƵĚĞƐͬsĂůƵĞƐ
 Ȁ
 ϭ͘ ^ĞůĨͲƌĞƐƉĞĐƚ
 Ϯ͘ ZĞƐƉĞĐƚĨŽƌKƚŚĞƌƐ
 ϯ͘ 'ĞŶĚĞƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJ
 ϰ͘ ZĞƐƉĞĐƚĨŽƌ>ŝĨĞͬ
  EŽŶǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞ
 ϱ͘ ŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶ
 ϲ͘ 'ůŽďĂůŽŶĐĞƌŶ
 ϳ͘ ĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůŽŶĐĞƌŶ
 ϴ͘ ŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ
 ϵ͘ KƉĞŶŶĞƐƐΘdŽůĞƌĂŶĐĞ
ϭϬ͘ :ƵƐƟĐĞ
ϭϭ͘ ^ŽĐŝĂůZĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚLJ
ϭϮ͘ WŽƐŝƟǀĞsŝƐŝŽŶ


  
 ϭ͘ ,ŽůŝƐƟĐŽŶĐĞƉƚŽĨWĞĂĐĞ  ϭ͘ ZĞŇĞĐƟŽŶ
 Ϯ͘ ŽŶŇŝĐƚΘsŝŽůĞŶĐгĐĂƵƐĞƐ  Ϯ͘ ƌŝƟĐĂůdŚŝŶŬŝŶŐΘ
 ϯ͘ ^ŽŵĞWĞĂĐĞĨƵůůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞƐ͗   ŶĂůLJƐŝƐ
  ŝƐĂƌŵĂŵĞŶƚ  ϯ͘ ĞĐŝƐŝŽŶͲDĂŬŝŶŐ
  EŽŶͲǀŝŽůĞŶĐгWŚŝůŽƐŽƉŚLJΘ  ϰ͘ /ŵĂŐŝŶĂƟŽŶ
  WƌĂĐƟĐĞ  ϱ͘ ŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶ
  ŽŶŇŝĐƚZĞƐŽůƵƟŽŶ͕  ϲ͘ ŽŶŇŝĐƚZĞƐŽůƵƟŽŶ
  dƌĂŶƐĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͕WƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶ  ϳ͘ ŵƉĂƚŚLJ
  ,ƵŵĂŶZŝŐŚƚƐ  ϴ͘ 'ƌŽƵƉƵŝůĚŝŶŐ
  ,ƵŵĂŶ^ŽůŝĚĂƌŝƚLJ
  ĞŵŽĐƌĂƟnjĂƟŽŶ
  ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂƐĞĚŽŶ:ƵƐƟĐĞ
  ^ƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ


Peace Education as Transformative Education

 6RPH3HDFHIXO$OWHUQDWLYHV
D 'LVDUPDPHQW ³ /HDUQHUV FDQ EH LQWURGXFHG WR WKH JRDO RI 
DEROLVKLQJZDUDQGUHGXFLQJJOREDODUPHGIRUFHVDQGDUPDPHQWV
,WLVJRRGIRUWKHPWRVHHWKHIROO\RI H[FHVVLYHDUPVDQGPLOLWDU\
H[SHQGLWXUHVDQGWKHORJLFRI UHDOORFDWLQJUHVRXUFHVWRZDUGWKH
IXOÀOOPHQWRI SHRSOH·VEDVLFQHHGV HJIRRGKRXVLQJKHDOWKFDUH
DQGHGXFDWLRQ 
 7KLVDVSULQJERDUGIRUWKHH[SORUDWLRQRI WKHPHDQLQJRI WUXH
KXPDQVHFXULW\ZKLFKVSULQJVIURPWKHIXOÀOOPHQWRI ERWKEDVLF
QHHGVDQGKLJKHUQHHGVRI KXPDQV HJWKHH[HUFLVHRI IXQGD
PHQWDOIUHHGRPV 
E 1RQYLROHQFH³/HDUQHUVFDQVWXG\WKHSKLORVRSKLFDODQGVSLU
LWXDO XQGHUSLQQLQJV RI  QRQYLROHQFH DV ZHOO DV LWV HIÀFDF\ DV D
PHWKRGWRHIIHFWFKDQJH&DVHVRI LQGLYLGXDOVDQGJURXSVZKR
KDYHDGYRFDWHGQRQYLROHQFHDVDSKLORVRSK\DQGPHWKRGFDQEH
H[DPLQHG6RPHRI WKHVHDUH0DKDWPD*DQGKL0DUWLQ/XWKHU
.LQJ-U$XQJ6DQ6XX.\L7KLFK1KDW+DQK'HVPRQG7XWX
DQG:DQJDUL0DDWKDL

F &RQÁLFW5HVROXWLRQ7UDQVIRUPDWLRQDQG3UHYHQWLRQ³6WX
GHQWVFDQVWXG\HIIHFWLYHZD\VRI UHVROYLQJFRQÁLFWVQRQYLROHQWO\
HJ FROODERUDWLYH SUREOHPVROYLQJ  DQG KRZ WKHVH FDQ EH DS
SOLHGLQWRWKHLUOLYHV7KH\FDQPRYHRQWRH[DPLQHKRZDFRQÁLFW
WKDWKDVEHHQUHVROYHGFDQEHWUDQVIRUPHGLQWRDVLWXDWLRQWKDW
LVPRUHGHVLUDEOH:D\VWRSUHYHQWFRQÁLFWFDQDOVREHH[SORUHG
EHFDXVHDV-RKDQ*DOWXQJKDVVDLGOLNHLQWKHPHGLFDOÀHOGLWLV
EHWWHUWRSUHYHQWWKDQ´UHPHG\DVLWXDWLRQWKDWKDVJRQHZURQJµ
G +XPDQ5LJKWV³,WLVLPSRUWDQWIRUOHDUQHUVWRKDYHDQLQWHJUDO
XQGHUVWDQGLQJRI KXPDQULJKWVDQGWRUHMHFWDOOIRUPVRI UHSUHV
VLRQDQGGLVFULPLQDWLRQEDVHGRQEHOLHIVUDFHHWKQLFLW\JHQGHU
DQGVRFLDOFODVV7KH\VKRXOGEHHQFRXUDJHGWRUHVSHFWWKHGLJQLW\
RI DOOHVSHFLDOO\WKHZHDNDQGSRZHUOHVV


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

H +XPDQ 6ROLGDULW\ ³ 0DQ\ FRPPRQDOLWLHV ELQG WRJHWKHU GL


YHUJHQWUHOLJLRXVFXOWXUDOORFDODQGQDWLRQDOJURXSV$OOKXPDQV
KDYHFRPPRQEDVLFQHHGVDQGDVSLUDWLRQVDQGDVKDUHGPHPEHU
VKLS LQ DQ LQWHUGHSHQGHQW KXPDQJOREDO FRPPXQLW\ :H KDYH
RQO\RQHKRPH SODQHWHDUWK DQGDFRPPRQIXWXUH7KHPDMRU
ZRUOGUHOLJLRQVDOVRKDYHVKDUHGYDOXHVDQGSULQFLSOHV6WXGHQWV
FDQORRNDWKRZWRLQFUHDVHLQWHUUHOLJLRXVLQWHUFXOWXUDODQGLQ
WHUJURXSWUXVWHPSDWK\UHVSHFWDQGFRRSHUDWLRQDVZHOODVGLV
FRXUDJHVWHUHRW\SLQJDQGSUHMXGLFH

I 'HYHORSPHQW%DVHGRQ-XVWLFH³/HDUQHUVFDQEHPDGHFULWL
FDOO\DZDUHRI WKHUHDOLWLHVDQGWUDJLFFRQVHTXHQFHVRI VWUXFWXUDO
YLROHQFHDQGKRZDSKLORVRSK\RI GHYHORSPHQWEDVHGRQMXVWLFH
LVDSUHIHUUHGDOWHUQDWLYH7KH\QHHGWRXQGHUVWDQGWKDWGHYHORS
PHQWLVQRWHFRQRPLFJURZWKDORQHEXWDOVRWKHHTXLWDEOHVKDULQJ
RI LWVIUXLWV

J 'HPRFUDWL]DWLRQ³,WLVLPSRUWDQWIRUOHDUQHUVWRXQGHUVWDQG
WKDWGHPRFUDF\SURYLGHVWKHHQYLURQPHQWZLWKLQZKLFKSHRSOH·V
IXQGDPHQWDOULJKWVLQWHUHVWVDQGZLVKHVDUHUHVSHFWHG

K 6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQW³/HDUQHUVQHHGWRXQGHUVWDQGWKH
LQWHUGHSHQGHQW UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ KXPDQV DQG WKH QDWXUDO
HQYLURQPHQW DQG XQGHUVWDQG WKH FKDQJHV WKDW DUH QHFHVVDU\ WR
HQVXUHWKHZHOOEHLQJRI WKHHDUWK·VHFRV\VWHPVVXFKWKDWLWFDQ
FRQWLQXHWRPHHWIXWXUHDQGSUHVHQWQHHGV7KH\QHHGWRUHGLV
FRYHUWKH ZLVGRP RI  RXU LQGLJHQRXV SHRSOHV ZKR KDYH DOZD\V
UHVSHFWHGQDWXUH
$WWLWXGHV9DOXHV
,WLVVXJJHVWHGWKDWWKHIROORZLQJDWWLWXGHVDQGYDOXHVEHFXOWLYDWHG

 6HOIUHVSHFW
+DYLQJ D VHQVH RI  WKHLU RZQ ZRUWK DQG D VHQVH RI  SULGH LQ WKHLU
RZQSDUWLFXODUVRFLDOFXOWXUDODQGIDPLO\EDFNJURXQGDVZHOODVDVHQVH


Peace Education as Transformative Education

RI WKHLURZQSRZHUDQGJRRGQHVVZKLFKZLOOHQDEOHWKHPWRFRQWULEXWH
WRZDUGSRVLWLYHFKDQJH
 5HVSHFWIRU2WKHUV
+DYLQJDVHQVHRI WKHZRUWKDQGLQKHUHQWGLJQLW\RI RWKHUSHRSOH
LQFOXGLQJ WKRVH ZLWK VRFLDO UHOLJLRXV FXOWXUDO DQG IDPLO\ EDFNJURXQGV
GLIIHUHQWIURPWKHLURZQ
 5HVSHFWIRU/LIH1RQYLROHQFH
9DOXLQJRI KXPDQOLIHDQGUHIXVDOWRUHVSRQGWRDQDGYHUVDU\RUFRQ
ÁLFWVLWXDWLRQZLWKYLROHQFHSUHIHUHQFHIRUQRQYLROHQWSURFHVVHVVXFKDV
FROODERUDWLYHSUREOHPVROYLQJDQGRWKHUSRVLWLYHWHFKQLTXHVDVDJDLQVW
WKHXVHRI SK\VLFDOIRUFHDQGZHDSRQV
 *HQGHU(TXDOLW\
9DOXLQJWKHULJKWVRI ZRPHQWRHQMR\HTXDORSSRUWXQLWLHVZLWKPHQ
DQGWREHIUHHIURPDEXVHH[SORLWDWLRQDQGYLROHQFH

 &RPSDVVLRQ
6HQVLWLYLW\WRWKHGLIÀFXOWFRQGLWLRQVDQGVXIIHULQJRI RWKHUSHRSOH
DQGDFWLQJZLWKGHHSHPSDWK\DQGNLQGQHVVWRZDUGWKRVHZKRDUHPDU
JLQDOL]HGH[FOXGHG
 *OREDO&RQFHUQ
&DULQJIRUWKHZKROHKXPDQFRPPXQLW\WUDQVFHQGLQJRUJRLQJEH
\RQGWKHFRQFHUQZKLFKWKH\KDYHIRUWKHLUQDWLRQRUORFDOHWKQLFFRP
PXQLW\
 (FRORJLFDO&RQFHUQ
&DULQJIRUWKHQDWXUDOHQYLURQPHQWSUHIHUHQFHIRUVXVWDLQDEOHOLYLQJ
DQGDVLPSOHOLIHVW\OH

 &RRSHUDWLRQ
9DOXLQJRI FRRSHUDWLYHSURFHVVHVDQGWKHSULQFLSOHRI ZRUNLQJWR


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

JHWKHUWRZDUGWKHSXUVXLWRI FRPPRQJRDOV

 2SHQQHVV7ROHUDQFH
2SHQQHVVWRWKHSURFHVVHVRI JURZWKDQGFKDQJHDVZHOODVZLOOLQJ
QHVV WR DSSURDFK DQG UHFHLYH RWKHU SHRSOH·V LGHDV EHOLHIV DQG H[SHUL
HQFHVZLWKDFULWLFDOEXWRSHQPLQGUHVSHFWLQJWKHULFKGLYHUVLW\RI RXU
ZRUOG·VVSLULWXDOWUDGLWLRQVFXOWXUHVDQGIRUPVRI H[SUHVVLRQ

-XVWLFH
$FWLQJZLWKDVHQVHRI IDLUQHVVWRZDUGVRWKHUVXSKROGLQJWKHSULQ
FLSOH RI  HTXDOLW\ LQ GLJQLW\ DQG ULJKWV  DQG UHMHFWLRQ RI  DOO IRUPV RI 
H[SORLWDWLRQDQGRSSUHVVLRQ
6RFLDO5HVSRQVLELOLW\
:LOOLQJQHVVWRWDNHDFWLRQWRFRQWULEXWHWRWKHVKDSLQJRI DVRFLHW\
FKDUDFWHUL]HGE\MXVWLFHQRQYLROHQFHDQGZHOOEHLQJVHQVHRI UHVSRQVL
ELOLW\WRZDUGSUHVHQWDQGIXWXUHJHQHUDWLRQV

3RVLWLYH9LVLRQ
,PDJLQJ WKH NLQG RI  IXWXUH WKH\ SUHIHU ZLWK D VHQVH RI  KRSH DQG
SXUVXLQJLWVUHDOL]DWLRQLQZD\VWKDWWKH\FDQ

6NLOOV
6RPHRI WKHVNLOOVWKDWQHHGWREHGHYHORSHGDUH

 5HÁHFWLRQ
7KH XVH RI  UHÁHFWLYH WKLQNLQJ RU UHDVRQLQJ WKURXJK ZKLFK WKH\
GHHSHQWKHLUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRI WKHPVHOYHVDQGWKHLUFRQQHFWHGQHVVWR
RWKHUVDQGWRWKHOLYLQJHDUWK

 &ULWLFDO7KLQNLQJDQG$QDO\VLV
$ELOLW\WRDSSURDFKLVVXHVZLWKDQRSHQEXWFULWLFDOPLQGNQRZLQJ
KRZ WR UHVHDUFK TXHVWLRQ HYDOXDWH DQG LQWHUSUHW HYLGHQFH DELOLW\ WR
UHFRJQL]H DQG FKDOOHQJH SUHMXGLFHV DQG XQZDUUDQWHG FODLPV DV ZHOO DV


Peace Education as Transformative Education

FKDQJHRSLQLRQVLQWKHIDFHRI HYLGHQFHDQGUDWLRQDODUJXPHQWV
 'HFLVLRQPDNLQJ
$ELOLW\ WR DQDO\]H SUREOHPV GHYHORS DOWHUQDWLYH VROXWLRQV DQDO\]H
DOWHUQDWLYHVROXWLRQVFRQVLGHULQJDGYDQWDJHVDQGGLVDGYDQWDJHVDQGKDY
LQJDUULYHGDWWKHSUHIHUUHGGHFLVLRQDELOLW\WRSUHSDUHDSODQIRULPSOH
PHQWDWLRQRI WKHGHFLVLRQ
 ,PDJLQDWLRQ

&UHDWLQJDQGLPDJLQLQJQHZSDUDGLJPVDQGQHZSUHIHUUHGZD\VRI 
OLYLQJDQGUHODWLQJ

 &RPPXQLFDWLRQ
/LVWHQLQJDWWHQWLYHO\DQGZLWKHPSDWK\DVZHOODVWKHDELOLW\WRH[
SUHVVLGHDVDQGQHHGVFOHDUO\DQGLQDQRQDJJUHVVLYHZD\
 &RQÁLFW5HVROXWLRQ
$ELOLW\WRDQDO\]HFRQÁLFWVLQDQREMHFWLYHDQGV\VWHPDWLFZD\DQG
WRVXJJHVWDUDQJHRI QRQYLROHQWVROXWLRQV&RQÁLFWUHVROXWLRQVNLOOVLQ
FOXGHDSSURSULDWHDVVHUWLYHQHVVGLDORJXHDFWLYHOLVWHQLQJDQGFROODERUD
WLYHSUREOHPVROYLQJ&RPPXQLFDWLRQVNLOOVDUHLPSRUWDQWIRXQGDWLRQDO
VNLOOVLQFRQÁLFWUHVROXWLRQ
 (PSDWK\
7KHDELOLW\WRVHHWKHSHUVSHFWLYHRI DQRWKHUSHUVRQRUJURXSDQGWR
IHHOZKDWWKDWSHUVRQRUJURXSIHHOV,WLVDVNLOOWKDWKHOSVLQEURDGHQLQJ
WKHOHDUQHUV·RZQSHUVSHFWLYHVHVSHFLDOO\LQWKHVHDUFKRI IDLUDQGFRQ
VWUXFWLYHDOWHUQDWLYHV
 *URXS%XLOGLQJ
:RUNLQJ FRRSHUDWLYHO\ ZLWK RQH DQRWKHU LQ RUGHU WR DFKLHYH FRP
PRQJRDOV&RRSHUDWLRQDQGJURXSEXLOGLQJDUHIDFLOLWDWHGE\PXWXDODI
ÀUPDWLRQDQGHQFRXUDJHPHQWE\WKHPHPEHUV7KHDVVXPSWLRQLVWKDW
HYHU\RQHKDVVRPHWKLQJWRFRQWULEXWHHYHU\RQHLVSDUWRI WKHVROXWLRQ


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

 ͵

7KH&RPSUHKHQVLYH6FRSH
RI 3HDFH(GXFDWLRQ

3
HDFHHGXFDWLRQLVPXOWLGLPHQVLRQDODQGKROLVWLFLQLWVFRQWHQWDQG
SURFHVV:HFDQLPDJLQHLWDVDWUHHZLWKPDQ\UREXVWEUDQFKHV
3HDFHHGXFDWLRQLVFRPSULVHGRI PDQ\WKHPHVDQGIRUPVWKDW
KDYH HYROYHG LQ YDULRXV SDUWV RI  WKH ZRUOG ,W UHÁHFWV WKH JURZWK RI 
SURJUHVVLYHHGXFDWLRQDQGVRFLDOPRYHPHQWVLQWKHODVWÀYHGHFDGHV7R
JHWKHUWKHVH´HGXFDWLRQVµFRQWULEXWHWREXLOGLQJDFXOWXUHRI SHDFH

$PRQJWKHYDULRXVIRUPVRUIDFHWVRI SHDFHHGXFDWLRQSUDFWLFHDUH
'LVDUPDPHQW(GXFDWLRQ+XPDQ5LJKWV(GXFDWLRQ*OREDO(GXFDWLRQ
&RQÁLFW5HVROXWLRQ(GXFDWLRQ0XOWLFXOWXUDO(GXFDWLRQ(GXFDWLRQIRU
,QWHUQDWLRQDO 8QGHUVWDQGLQJ ,QWHUIDLWK (GXFDWLRQ *HQGHUIDLU1RQ
VH[LVW(GXFDWLRQ'HYHORSPHQW(GXFDWLRQDQG(QYLURQPHQWDO(GXFD
WLRQ(DFKRI WKHVHIRFXVHVRQDSUREOHPRI GLUHFWRULQGLUHFWYLROHQFH
(DFKIRUPRI SHDFHHGXFDWLRQSUDFWLFHDOVRLQFOXGHVDSDUWLFXODUNQRZO
HGJHEDVHDVZHOODVDQRUPDWLYHVHWRI VNLOOVDQGYDOXHRULHQWDWLRQVWKDW
LWZDQWVWRGHYHORS

'LVDUPDPHQW(GXFDWLRQ
$IWHUWKHDWRPLFERPELQJVRI +LURVKLPDDQG1DJDVDNLDQGWKH&ROG
:DULQVSLUHGDUPVUDFHGLVDUPDPHQWPRYHPHQWVDURVHLQSURWHVWDJDLQVW
WKHVH 7RK 7KLVZDVWKHEHJLQQLQJRI 'LVDUPDPHQW(GXFDWLRQ


The Comprehensive Scope of Peace Education

ZKLFKHYROYHGDWÀUVWDVDUHDFWLRQWRWKHWKUHDWRI QXFOHDUZHDSRQV,Q
ODWHU \HDUV 'LVDUPDPHQW (GXFDWLRQ LQFOXGHG RWKHU ZHDSRQU\ VXFK DV
ELRORJLFDOZHDSRQVDQGFKHPLFDOZHDSRQV7KH\DUHFDOOHGZHDSRQVRI 
PDVVGHVWUXFWLRQ :0' EHFDXVHRI WKHODUJHVFDOHDQGLQGLVFULPLQDWH
GHVWUXFWLRQWKDWUHVXOWVIURPWKHP,QUHFHQW\HDUVWKHSUROLIHUDWLRQDQG
PLVXVHRI VPDOODUPVDQGOLJKWZHDSRQV 6$/: KDYHEHFRPHDFRQ
FHUQRI 'LVDUPDPHQW(GXFDWLRQ$JOREDOPRYHPHQWWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO
$FWLRQ1HWZRUN RQ 6PDOO $UPV ,$16$ LVUDLVLQJDZDUHQHVVDPRQJ
SROLF\PDNHUVWKHSXEOLFDQGWKHPHGLDDERXWWKHJOREDOWKUHDWWRKX
PDQULJKWVDQGKXPDQVHFXULW\FDXVHGE\VPDOODUPVDQGLVSURPRWLQJ
FLYLO VRFLHW\ HIIRUWV WR SUHYHQW DUPV SUROLIHUDWLRQ DQG DUPHG YLROHQFH
WKURXJKSROLF\GHYHORSPHQWHGXFDWLRQDQGUHVHDUFK ZZZLDQVDRUJ 

,Q WKH 3KLOLSSLQHV WKHUH LV DQ RUJDQL]DWLRQ WKDW LV ZRUNLQJ FORVHO\
ZLWK,$16$DQGWKLVLVWKH3KLOLSSLQH$FWLRQ1HWZRUNRQ6PDOO$UPV
3KLO$16$ $QLPSRUWDQWJRDORI 'LVDUPDPHQW(GXFDWLRQLVWRHGX
FDWHDQGWRFDPSDLJQDJDLQVWDUPVSUROLIHUDWLRQEHFDXVHLWIXHOVDUPHG
FRQÁLFWVDQGGUDZVUHVRXUFHVDZD\IURPWKHEDVLFQHHGVRI SHRSOH)RU
H[DPSOHWKH81'HSDUWPHQWRI 'LVDUPDPHQW$IIDLUV QRZFDOOHGWKH
812IÀFHRI 'LVDUPDPHQW$IIDLUV UHSRUWHGWKDWRI WKHH[SHQGL
WXUHVLQWKHDQQXDOJOREDOWUDGHRQFRQYHQWLRQDODUPVHVWLPDWHGDW
ELOOLRQDUHPDGHE\SRRUFRXQWULHVLQWKHGHYHORSLQJZRUOG 81''$
 

+XPDQ5LJKWV(GXFDWLRQ
6LPLODUO\ IROORZLQJ WKH SURFODPDWLRQ RI  WKH 8QLYHUVDO 'HFODUDWLRQ
RI +XPDQ5LJKWVLQWKHPRYHPHQWWRZDUGVHGXFDWLQJSHRSOHWR
UHVSHFW KXPDQ ULJKWV VWDUWHG 7KLV HGXFDWLRQDO PRYHPHQW ZDV FDOOHG
+XPDQ5LJKWV(GXFDWLRQ +5( %HWW\5HDUGRQ  QRWHVWKDW+5(
GHÀQLWHO\FRQWULEXWHVWRSHDFHWKHHQMR\PHQWRI WKHIXQGDPHQWDOKX
PDQ ULJKWV DQG IUHHGRPV E\ WKH SHRSOH SURYLGH WKH IRXQGDWLRQ IRU D
QRQYLROHQWVRFLDORUGHU7KHSRVLWLYHFRQGLWLRQVWKDWUHVXOWIURPKRQRU
LQJKXPDQULJKWVFHUWDLQO\UHGXFHWKHWKUHDWRI DUPHGFRQÁLFWDQGZDU


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

/HDUQLQJZKDWWKHULJKWVRI DOOKXPDQEHLQJVDUHFDQQRWEHWDXJKW
LQDQDXWKRULWDULDQFODVVURRPDQGVRWKHLGHD´KRZZHWHDFKLVZKDWZH
WHDFKµEHFDPHDQLPSRUWDQWFRQFHUQLQ+5( )ORZHUV 7HDFK
HUV DUH UHPLQGHG WKDW OHDUQLQJ WR XSKROG VWDQGDUGV RI  KXPDQ GLJQLW\
DQG GHFHQF\E\ VWXGHQWVEHJLQ ZLWK WKH WHDFKHU DQG KRZ VKH WHDFKHV
+5(FRQWHQWLQFOXGHVWKHVWXG\RI WKH8QLYHUVDO'HFODUDWLRQRI +X
PDQ5LJKWV 8'+5 DQGRWKHULPSRUWDQWKXPDQULJKWVGRFXPHQWVVXFK
DVWKH&RQYHQWLRQRQWKH(OLPLQDWLRQRI $OO)RUPVRI 'LVFULPLQDWLRQ
DJDLQVW :RPHQ &('$:  DQG WKH &RQYHQWLRQ RQ WKH 5LJKWV RI  WKH
&KLOG &5& +5(DOVRLQFOXGHVWKHFRQFHSWRI PXWXDOLW\RI ULJKWVDQG
UHVSRQVLELOLWLHV+5(LVGLVFXVVHGLQPRUHGHWDLOLQ3DUW,,RI WKLVERRN

*OREDO(GXFDWLRQ
*OREDO(GXFDWLRQ *( LVGHÀQHGDVDOOSURJUDPVSURMHFWVVWXGLHV
DQGDFWLYLWLHVWKDWFDQKHOSDQLQGLYLGXDOOHDUQDQGFDUHPRUHDERXWWKH
ZRUOG EH\RQG KLV RU KHU FRPPXQLW\ DQG WR WUDQVFHQG KLV RU KHU FXO
WXUDOO\FRQGLWLRQHGHWKQRFHQWULFSHUVSHFWLYHVSHUFHSWLRQDQGEHKDYLRU
)HUVK 

7KH3KLOLSSLQH&RXQFLOIRU3HDFHDQG*OREDO(GXFDWLRQGHÀQHV*(
LQLWVXQGDWHGEURFKXUHDV´HGXFDWLRQIRUUHVSRQVLEOHSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQDQ
LQWHUGHSHQGHQWZRUOGFRPPXQLW\µ,WHQXPHUDWHVWKUHHNH\WKHPHVDQG
SHUVSHFWLYHV

‡ *(LVKXPDQYDOXHFHQWHUHGLWDIÀUPVWKHFRUHYDOXHDQGXQLYHU
VDOSULQFLSOHRI WKHZRUWKDQGGLJQLW\RI KXPDQV
‡ *(LVZRUOGRULHQWHGLWLQYROYHVXQGHUVWDQGLQJRXULGHQWLWLHVDV
PHPEHUV RI  JOREDOO\ LQWHUGHSHQGHQW V\VWHPVHFRORJLFDO VRFLDO
HFRQRPLFDQGWHFKQRORJLFDO
‡ *(LVIXWXUHRULHQWHGLWLVFRQFHUQHGZLWKWKHFUHDWLRQRI DSUH
IHUUHGIXWXUH


The Comprehensive Scope of Peace Education

&RQÁLFW5HVROXWLRQ(GXFDWLRQ
&RQÁLFW 5HVROXWLRQ (GXFDWLRQ &5(  DSSHDUV WR KDYH JDLQHG PR
PHQWXPDVDQHGXFDWLRQDOPRYHPHQWLQWKHODVWWZRGHFDGHV&5(LV
QRZLQWKHFXUULFXOXPRI PDQ\VFKRROVDQGKDVHGXFDWHGOHDUQHUVDERXW
PDQDJLQJ FRQÁLFWV FRQVWUXFWLYHO\ +DUULV DQG 0RUULVRQ   7ULFLD
-RQHV  DUJXHVWKDW&5(KDVWKHIROORZLQJFRPPRQJRDOVWRFUH
DWHDVDIHDQGFRQVWUXFWLYHOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWWRHQKDQFHVWXGHQWV·
VRFLDODQGHPRWLRQDOGHYHORSPHQWDQGWRFUHDWHDFRQVWUXFWLYHFRQÁLFW
FRPPXQLW\$JURXSFDOOHGWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO1HWZRUNIRU&RQÁLFW5HVR
OXWLRQ(GXFDWLRQDQG3HDFH(GXFDWLRQ ,1&5(3( LQFRRSHUDWLRQZLWK
WKH*OREDO3DUWQHUVKLSIRUWKH3UHYHQWLRQRI $UPHG&RQÁLFW *33$& 
KDV QRZ VHULRXVO\ WDNHQ WKH FKDOOHQJH RI  SURPRWLQJ &5( ZRUOGZLGH
DQGLVVWDUWLQJWKHHIIRUWE\PDSSLQJWKH&5(DQG3(RUJDQL]DWLRQVE\
UHJLRQV

7HDFKLQJVWXGHQWVWREHFRPHSHDFHPDNHUVLQYROYHVFUHDWLQJDFRRS
HUDWLYHFOLPDWHWKDWHQFRXUDJHVSDUWLHVWRUHDFKPXWXDOO\DFFHSWDEOHVROX
WLRQVWRGLVDJUHHPHQWV&5(DOVRLQFOXGHVWUDLQLQJLQDQJHUPDQDJHPHQW
DVZHOODVVNLOOVLQDWWHQWLYHOLVWHQLQJHIIHFWLYHFRPPXQLFDWLRQFRQVWUXF
WLYHGLDORJXHDQGRWKHUSRVLWLYHWHFKQLTXHVWRDUULYHDWDZLQZLQVROX
WLRQWRFRQÁLFWV:KHQWKHUHODWLRQVKLSDQGWKHLVVXHDUHERWKLPSRUWDQW
WKHFROODERUDWLYHSUREOHPVROYLQJLVDQDSSURDFKWKDWLVUHFRPPHQGHG
&5(LQWKH3KLOLSSLQHVKDVDOVRQRZPRYHGRQWRXVLQJSHHUPHGLDWLRQ
DVDZD\RI FRQWULEXWLQJWRDFXOWXUHRI SHDFHLQDVFKRROFRPPXQLW\
*DODFH 

&5(SULQFLSOHVDUHQRZLQFUHDVLQJO\EHLQJXVHGLQ3KLOLSSLQHVFKRROV
FRPPXQLWLHVZRUNSODFHVDQGJRYHUQPHQWDJHQFLHVXVXDOO\DIWHUVRPH
WUDLQLQJRQ&5(7KHFKDOOHQJHRI PDLQVWUHDPLQJ&5(SULQFLSOHVLQWKH
YDULRXV VHFWRUV WKURXJKRXW WKH FRXQWU\ LV JUHDW WKH FRXQWU\ KDV EHHQ
VXIIHULQJIURPSURWUDFWHGDUPHGFRQÁLFWVLQDGGLWLRQWRRWKHUFRQÁLFWV
DWPDQ\OHYHOV


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

0XOWLFXOWXUDO(GXFDWLRQ
0XOWLFXOWXUDOHGXFDWLRQLVDQHGXFDWLRQDOPRYHPHQWWKDWKDVGHYHO
RSHGÀUVWLQFRXQWULHVWKDWDUHPXOWLFXOWXUDORUKDYHDFXOWXUDOO\GLYHUVH
SRSXODWLRQ 7KLV LV RIWHQ WKH FDVH LQ FRXQWULHV WKDW KDYH D KLVWRU\ RI 
UHFHLYLQJPDQ\LPPLJUDQWVIURPDOORYHUWKHZRUOGDVLQWKHFDVHRI WKH
8QLWHG6WDWHVDQG$XVWUDOLD,QERWKWKH1RUWKDQG6RXWKFRXQWULHVZH
VHHWKHSUHVHQFHRI GLYHUVHFXOWXUHVZLWKLQDVRFLHW\+HQFHPXOWLFXO
WXUDOHGXFDWLRQKDVJURZQ0XOWLFXOWXUDO(GXFDWLRQLVRIWHQGHÀQHGDV
RQH WKDW ´KHOSV VWXGHQWV WR XQGHUVWDQG DQG DSSUHFLDWH FXOWXUDO GLIIHU
HQFHVDQGVLPLODULWLHVDQGWRUHFRJQL]HWKHDFFRPSOLVKPHQWVRI GLYHUVH
JURXSVµ /DGVRQ%LOOLQJV 

+RZHYHUWHDFKLQJZLWKDPXOWLFXOWXUDOSHUVSHFWLYHHQFRXUDJHVQRW
RQO\WKHDSSUHFLDWLRQDQGXQGHUVWDQGLQJRI RWKHUFXOWXUHVEXWDOVRRI 
RQH·VRZQ,WSURPRWHVWKHSHUVRQ·VVHQVHRI WKHXQLTXHQHVVRI KLVRZQ
FXOWXUHDVDSRVLWLYHFKDUDFWHULVWLFDQGHQDEOHVRQHWRDFFHSWWKHXQLTXH
QHVVRI WKHFXOWXUHVRI RWKHUV %XUQHWW $WWLWXGHVWRZDUGRQH·V
RZQUDFHDQGHWKQLFJURXSDVZHOODVWRZDUGRWKHUFXOWXUDOJURXSVEHJLQ
WR IRUP HDUO\ <RXQJ FKLOGUHQ FDQ HDVLO\ DEVRUE DQG GHYHORS QHJDWLYH
DQGVWHUHRW\SLFYLHZSRLQWVRI FXOWXUHVGLIIHUHQWIURPWKHLURZQZKHQ
VLPLODULWLHVDPRQJDOOLQGLYLGXDOVDUHQRWHPSKDVL]HG+HQFHPXOWLFXO
WXUDOHGXFDWLRQVHHNVWRHOLPLQDWHVWHUHRW\SHVE\SUHVHQWLQJPDWHULDODQG
DFWLYLWLHVWKDWHQDEOHFKLOGUHQWROHDUQWKHVLPLODULWLHVRI DOOLQGLYLGXDOV
DQGWRDFFHSWDQGUHVSHFWRWKHUVGHVSLWHWKHGLIIHUHQFHV

(GXFDWLRQIRU,QWHUQDWLRQDO8QGHUVWDQGLQJ
%HVLGHVWKHFRQWULEXWLRQVRI FLYLOVRFLHW\LQWKHSURPRWLRQRI (GXFD
WLRQIRU,QWHUQDWLRQDO8QGHUVWDQGLQJ (,8 WKHFRQWULEXWLRQRI 81(6
&2WRWKHGHYHORSPHQWRI (,8KDVEHHQVLJQLÀFDQW$IWHU81(6&2
DGRSWHGWKH´5HFRPPHQGDWLRQFRQFHUQLQJ(GXFDWLRQIRU,QWHUQDWLRQDO
8QGHUVWDQGLQJ&RRSHUDWLRQDQG3HDFHDQG(GXFDWLRQ5HODWLQJWR+X
PDQ5LJKWVDQG)XQGDPHQWDO)UHHGRPVµLQWKLV81$JHQF\KDV


The Comprehensive Scope of Peace Education

LQWHQVLÀHGLWVHIIRUWVWRKDUQHVVHGXFDWLRQLQWKHVHUYLFHRI ZRUOGSHDFH
7RK 

,Q81(6&2FDPHRXWZLWKWKH´'HFODUDWLRQDQG,QWHJUDWHG
)UDPHZRUNRI $FWLRQDQG(GXFDWLRQIRU3HDFH+XPDQ5LJKWVDQG'H
PRFUDF\µZKRVHSULPDU\SULQFLSOHVLQFOXGHWKHLPSRUWDQFHRI HGXFDWLRQ
LQSURPRWLQJSHDFHKXPDQULJKWVDQGGHPRFUDF\DQGWKHUHFRJQLWLRQ
RI  WKHLU LQWLPDWH UHODWLRQVKLS 7KLV ZDV IROORZHG E\ WKLV 81 DJHQF\·V
ZRUNWRSURPRWHDFXOWXUHRI SHDFHZKLFKUHVXOWHGLQWKH8QLWHG1D
WLRQV·GHFODUDWLRQRI WKH\HDUDVWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO<HDUIRUWKH&XO
WXUHRI 3HDFHDQGWRDVWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO'HFDGHIRUD&XOWXUH
RI 3HDFHDQG1RQYLROHQFHIRUWKH&KLOGUHQRI WKH:RUOG,QDOOWKHVH
'HFODUDWLRQVLWPXVWEHUHPHPEHUHGWKDW(,8LVDQLQWHJUDOSDUWDQGWKDW
(,8KDVWDNHQDPRUHKROLVWLFPHDQLQJHQFRPSDVVLQJQRWRQO\SHDFH
DW WKH JOREDO OHYHO EXW DOVR LWV EXLOGLQJ EORFNV RI  QRQYLROHQW MXVW DQG
VXVWDLQDEOHOLYLQJLQWKHRWKHUOHYHOVRI UHODWLRQVKLSV7KHG\QDPLFZRUN
WKDWLVQRZEHLQJXQGHUWDNHQWRSURPRWH(,8DQGDFXOWXUHRI SHDFH
KDVKDGWKHSDUWLFLSDWLRQRI PDQ\VFKRROVRUJDQL]DWLRQVDQGRWKHUFLYLO
VRFLHW\DFWRUV

,QWHUIDLWK(GXFDWLRQ
,QWHUIDLWKHGXFDWLRQJUHZRXWRI WKHLQWHUIDLWKPRYHPHQWDPRYH
PHQWZLWKDSURJUHVVLYHDJHQGD7KHLQWHUIDLWKPRYHPHQWEHJDQLQ
DWWKH:RUOG·V3DUOLDPHQWRI 5HOLJLRQVJDWKHULQJLQ&KLFDJR)RUWKHÀUVW
WLPHLQKLVWRU\OHDGHUVRI VRFDOOHG´(DVWHUQµDQG´:HVWHUQµUHOLJLRQV
KDG FRPH WRJHWKHU IRU GLDORJXH VHHNLQJ D FRPPRQ VSLULWXDO IRXQGD
WLRQIRUJOREDOXQLW\6LQFHWKHQPDQ\RWKHULQWHUIDLWKRUJDQL]DWLRQVKDYH
DULVHQ7KLVLQWHUIDLWKPRYHPHQWVRXJKWWREULQJWRJHWKHUUHOLJLRXVDQG
VSLULWXDOOHDGHUVRI GLYHUVHWUDGLWLRQVWRHQJDJHLQGLDORJXHWRHGXFDWH
HDFK RWKHU DQG WKHLU DXGLHQFH DERXW WKHLU UHVSHFWLYH WUDGLWLRQV 7KHVH
RUJDQL]DWLRQVFRQYHQHGFRQIHUHQFHVWREULQJWKHVHOHDGHUVWRJHWKHUZLWK
OD\SHRSOHDQGWRDGGUHVVJOREDOSUREOHPVRI LQWROHUDQFHLQMXVWLFHDQG


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

UHOLJLRXV SHUVHFXWLRQ 2UJDQL]HUV VRRQ EHJDQ WR DGYDQFH D PRGHO RI 


LQWHUIDLWKHGXFDWLRQWKDWSODFHGJUHDWYDOXHRQFRPPXQLW\YLVLWVVHUYLFH
OHDUQLQJDQGLPPHUVLRQH[SHULHQFHV$VLQWHUUHOLJLRXVOLWHUDF\ZLWKLQWKH
LQWHUIDLWK PRYHPHQW GHYHORSHG RUJDQL]HUV EHJDQ WR WXUQ WKHLU DWWHQ
WLRQWRWKHPRVWHIIHFWLYHPHWKRGVDQGSHGDJRJLHVIRUWHDFKLQJRWKHUV
DERXWGLIIHUHQWUHOLJLRQV7KXVWKHÀHOGRI LQWHUIDLWKHGXFDWLRQEHJDQ
WRHPHUJH7KHÀHOGRI LQWHUIDLWKHGXFDWLRQZDVQHYHUFOHDUHUWKDQDI
WHU 6HSWHPEHU   DQG WKH FRQVHTXHQW FOLPDWH RI  VRFLDO WHQVLRQ
DQGFRQÁLFWDQGLQFLGHQFHVRI GLVFULPLQDWLRQDQGKDWHFULPHV,QWHUIDLWK
HGXFDWLRQZDVQRZYLHZHGDVDPRUDOO\DQGVRFLDOO\HVVHQWLDOPHDQVIRU
SURPRWLQJFRXQWHULQJGLVFULPLQDWLRQDQGKDWHFULPHVDQGWRSURPRWH
SHDFH 3XHWW 

,W FDQ EH VDLG WKDW ,QWHUIDLWK (GXFDWLRQ KDV WKH VDPH JRDOV DV LQ
WHUUHOLJLRXV RU LQWHUIDLWK GLDORJXH $FFRUGLQJ WR YDULRXV SURSRQHQWV
$ULQ]H *RRVHQ  .HVNLQ  7RK   LQWHUIDLWK GLD
ORJXHDLPVWRDFTXLUHDQHPSDWKHWLFXQGHUVWDQGLQJRI RWKHUUHOLJLRQV
IDLWKWUDGLWLRQVVRWKDWDOOPD\OLYHLQKDUPRQ\DQGZLWKUHVSHFWDQGWR
HQFRXUDJHFRRSHUDWLRQDPRQJWKHUHOLJLRQVIDLWKWUDGLWLRQVLQRUGHUWR
UHVROYHFRPPRQVRFLDODQGJOREDOSUREOHPVVXFKDVWKHYDULRXVIRUPV
RI YLROHQFHDQGHFRORJLFDOGHVWUXFWLRQ

'HYHORSPHQW(GXFDWLRQ
,Q WKH V 'HYHORSPHQW (GXFDWLRQ HPHUJHG WR FKDOOHQJH WKH
PDLQVWUHDP PRGHO RI  GHYHORSPHQW ZKLFK WKHQ HTXDWHG GHYHORSPHQW
ZLWKPRGHUQL]DWLRQ,WFULWLFL]HGWKHXQMXVWDQGXQVXVWDLQDEOHHFRQRPLF
RUGHUZKLFKKDVUHVXOWHGWRKXQJHUKRPHOHVVQHVVDQGPDUJLQDOL]DWLRQ
&RQFHUQHGHGXFDWRUVDQG1*2VKDYHDGYRFDWHGWKHLQWHJUDWLRQRI WKH
LVVXHVRI SRYHUW\DQGLQHTXDOLWLHVLQWKHVRFLDOVWXGLHVFXUULFXOXPDQG
RWKHUVXEMHFWDUHDVDVZHOODVLQWKHFRPPXQLW\HGXFDWLRQFRQWH[WVWR
UDLVHFRQVFLRXVQHVV 7RK 

,DQ +DUULV   GHVFULEHV WKH JRDO RI  GHYHORSPHQW HGXFDWLRQ DV


The Comprehensive Scope of Peace Education

EXLOGLQJSHDFHIXOFRPPXQLWLHVE\SURPRWLQJDQDFWLYHGHPRFUDWLFFLWL
]HQU\LQWHUHVWHGLQWKHHTXLWDEOHVKDULQJRI WKHZRUOG·VUHVRXUFHV,WDOVR
VHHNVWRFXOWLYDWHLQWKHOHDUQHUVDFULWLFDOFRQVFLRXVQHVVWKDWFKDOOHQJ
HV LQMXVWLFH DQG XQGHPRFUDWLF VWUXFWXUHV OLNH WKRVH SURPRWHG E\ ODUJH
WUDQVQDWLRQDOFRUSRUDWLRQV+HH[SODLQVWKDWWKHODWWHUKDYHDGHYHORS
PHQWDJHQGDEDVHGRQPD[LPL]LQJSURÀWZKLFKLVGHVWUXFWLYHRUKDUPIXO
WRERWKKXPDQDQGQDWXUDOFRPPXQLWLHV'HYHORSPHQW(GXFDWLRQLVDQ
DSSURDFKWRSHDFHHGXFDWLRQWKDWSURPRWHVDYLVLRQRI SRVLWLYHSHDFH
RQHWKDWPRWLYDWHVSHRSOHWRVWUXJJOHDJDLQVWLQMXVWLFH

*HQGHUIDLU1RQVH[LVW(GXFDWLRQ
)ROORZLQJWKHULVHRI SRSXODUIHPLQLVPDQGLQNHHSLQJZLWKWKHVR
FLDOMXVWLFHPRYHPHQWRI WKHODWHVDQGRQZDUGVHIIRUWVWRRSSRVH
VH[LVPLQVFKRROVKDYHEHHQWDNHQDQGWKHRYHUDUFKLQJJRDOLVWRHQDEOH
VWXGHQWVWRUHDFKWKHLUIXOOSRWHQWLDOUHJDUGOHVVRI WKHLUJHQGHU 0RIIDW
 *HQGHU)DLU(GXFDWLRQ *)( VHHNVWRIRVWHUDPRQJWKHOHDUQHUV
UHVSHFWIRUWKHDELOLWLHVDQGULJKWVRI ERWKVH[HVDQGWRGHYHORSDZDUH
QHVVRI WKHJHQGHUELDVHVDQGVWHUHRW\SLQJWKDWKDYHEHHQFXOWXUDOO\SHU
SHWXDWHGLQRUGHUWRFKDQJHWKHVH

,WVNH\FRQFHSWVLQFOXGHVKDUHGSDUHQWLQJKRPHPDQDJHPHQWGH
FLVLRQPDNLQJ HTXDO RSSRUWXQLWLHV HQKDQFHG SDUWLFLSDWLRQ DQG UHSUH
VHQWDWLRQLQSXEOLFDIIDLUVPDNLQJZRPHQ·VUROHVDQGFRQWULEXWLRQVYLV
LEOHYDOXHGDQGUHFRJQL]HGHOLPLQDWLRQRI DOOIRUPVRI YLROHQFHDJDLQVW
ZRPHQDQGREVHUYDQFHRI QRQVH[LVWFKLOGUHDULQJSUDFWLFHVDQGVFKRRO
LQJ 3KLOLSSLQH 'HSDUWPHQW RI  (GXFDWLRQ   7KURXJK WKHVH FRUH
PHVVDJHV*)(H[SHFWVWKDWWKHOHDUQLQJFRQWHQWPHWKRGVDQGVFKRRO
HQYLURQPHQWZLOOEHJHQGHUIDLU7KHUHLVDOVRWKHH[SHFWDWLRQWKDWWKH
OHDUQHUVZLOOHYHQWXDOO\EHWKHDJHQWVZKRZLOOHQVXUHWKDWWKHUHZLOOEH
PRUHHTXDOLW\EHWZHHQPHQDQGZRPHQDQGWKDWWKHJHQGHUVWHUHRW\SHV
DQGELDVHVDQGYLROHQFHDJDLQVWZRPHQZLOOEHHOLPLQDWHG


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

(QYLURQPHQWDO(GXFDWLRQ
(QYLURQPHQWDOHGXFDWLRQ (( LVHGXFDWLRQDERXWIRUDQGWKURXJK
WKHHQYLURQPHQW,WLVDÀHOGWKDWHPHUJHGZLWKSRVWPRGHUQLVPDVHQ
YLURQPHQWDOSUREOHPVEHJDQWREHUHFRJQL]HGLQWKHVDQGDVSRVW
PRGHUQLVPFHOHEUDWHGWKHLQWHUFRQQHFWHGQHVVRI DOOOLIHDVRSSRVHGWR
DQDWWLWXGHRI KXPDQGRPLQDWLRQ *DODQJ 

7KHHIIHFWVRI HQYLURQPHQWDOGHVWUXFWLRQDUHEHLQJLQFUHDVLQJO\IHOW
SROOXWLRQRI ODQGDLUDQGZDWHUGHSOHWLRQRI IRUHVWVDQGRWKHUUHVRXUFHV
DQGJOREDOZDUPLQJ((LVFOHDUO\DQHGXFDWLRQDOUHVSRQVHWRWKHHFRORJ
LFDOFULVLV3HRSOH·VXQVXVWDLQDEOHZD\VRI OLYLQJDQGFRQVXPLQJQHHGWR
FKDQJHLQFOXGLQJWKHSDUDGLJPRI GHYHORSPHQWWKDWLVEDVHGRQSURÀW
PD[LPL]DWLRQDSDUDGLJPWKDWLQÁLFWVYLROHQFHRQWKHHDUWK+HQFH((
VHHNVWRHPSRZHUSHRSOHZLWKWKHNQRZOHGJHVNLOOVDQGYDOXHVWKDWZLOO
HQDEOHWKHPWROLYHLQSHDFHZLWKPRWKHUHDUWK$QLPSRUWDQWJRDOLVWR
PDNHHYHU\RQHDJRRG´VWHZDUGµRU´NLQµRI WKHQDWXUDOHQYLURQPHQWLQ
RUGHUWKDWWKHQHHGVRI ERWKWKHSUHVHQWDQGIXWXUHJHQHUDWLRQVFDQEH
PHW7KLVERWWRPOLQHPHVVDJHZDVRI FRXUVHWKHWKHPHRI WKHODQGPDUN
ERRN2XU&RPPRQ)XWXUH  

7RK  UHPLQGVXVWKDWZKLOHSHDFHRULHQWHGHQYLURQPHQWDOHGX


FDWLRQ WHDFKHV SHRSOH DQG VFKRROV WR EH SHUVRQDOO\ DQG VRFLDOO\ JUHHQ
LHXQGHUWDNH´UHF\FOHUHXVHDQGUHGXFHµSURJUDPVHWF ((VKRXOG
EHDEOHWRPDNHWKHPTXHVWLRQRYHUPDWHULDOLVWOLIHVW\OHVDQGWKHFRQ
VXPHULVWLGHRORJ\SURSDJDWHGE\WKHGRPLQDQWPRGHUQL]DWLRQSDUDGLJP
DVZHOODVDGYRFDWHVLPSOLFLW\HDUWKULJKWVDQGHTXLWDEOHGHYHORSPHQW



PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

Šƒ’–‡”Ͷ

6SLULWXDODQG)DLWK
7UDGLWLRQVDV5HVRXUFHVIRU
3HDFH

7
KHZRUOG·VPDMRUVSLULWXDODQGIDLWKWUDGLWLRQVLQVSLUHDQGPRWL
YDWHSHRSOHWRHPEUDFHSHDFHDVDPLVVLRQ$OWKRXJKUHOLJLRXV
EHOLHYHUVKDYHJRQHWRZDUDQGFRPPLWWHGDFWVRI YLROHQFHLQ
WKHQDPHRI WKHLUIDLWK´WKHFRQÁLFWVZHUHDFWXDOO\URRWHGQRWLQPDW
WHUVRI IDLWKRUHYHQRI UHOLJLRQEXWLQFRQÁLFWLQJFODLPVWRVRFLDODQG
SROLWLFDO DQGHFRQRPLF JRDOVµ 0DFKDGR 

$FORVHORRNDWWKHRULJLQDOWHDFKLQJVRI VSLULWXDODQGIDLWKWUDGLWLRQV
LQGLFDWHVWKDWWKH\DUHHVVHQWLDOO\ZHOOVSULQJVDQGUHVRXUFHVIRUSHDFH:H
QHHGWRUHGLVFRYHUWKHSULQFLSOHVDQGYDOXHVWKDWWKH\XSKROGWRUHPLQG
XVRI WKHHVVHQWLDOJRDORI HDFKIDLWKWUDGLWLRQWRVHHNSHDFH

&RRSHUDWLRQ DQG XQGHUVWDQGLQJ DPRQJ YDULRXV VSLULWXDO DQG IDLWK


WUDGLWLRQV KDYH QRZ EHFRPH LPSHUDWLYH :H QRZ VHHN WKH FRPPRQ
JURXQGRI VKDUHGYDOXHVDPRQJWKHGLYHUVHIDLWKVWRVKRZWKDWGHVSLWH
WKHGLYHUVLW\ZHDUHRQHKXPDQLW\ZLWKWKHVDPHIXQGDPHQWDODVSLUD
WLRQVIRUPXWXDOUHVSHFWDQGDFFHSWDQFHDQGIRUOLYLQJWRJHWKHULQSHDFH

:HVKDOOQRZIRFXVRQWKHÀYHPDMRUVSLULWXDODQGIDLWKWUDGLWLRQV
WKDWKDYHWDNHQURRWLQRXU6RXWKHDVW$VLDQUHJLRQ7KHVHDUH&KULVWLDQ


Spiritual and Faith Traditions as Resources of Peace

LW\,VODP%XGGKLVP+LQGXLVPDQG,QGLJHQRXVWUDGLWLRQV

&KULVWLDQLW\
7KH&KULVWLDQVWRU\EHJLQVZLWKDVRQJRI WKHDQJHOVWRWKHVKHS
KHUGVZKHQ-HVXVZDVERUQ´*ORU\WR*RGLQWKHKLJKHVWDQGXSRQWKH
HDUWKSHDFHµ /XNH 7KXVIURPLWVLQFHSWLRQ&KULVWLDQLW\FRQWDLQHG
DFRQFHUQIRUSHDFHRQHDUWK *HRUJH *HRUJHFRQWLQXHVWRH[
SODLQWKDWZHFDQLGHQWLI\WKUHHHOHPHQWVLQ-HVXV·DSSURDFKWRSHDFH

 5HMHFWLRQRI YLROHQFH

-HVXVZDVERUQDVDGLVSODFHGSHUVRQLQDFRXQWU\XQGHU5RPDQRF
FXSDWLRQEXWKHUHIXVHGWRMRLQWKH=HDORWVLQWKHLUJXHULOODZDUDJDLQVW
WKH5RPDQVMXVWDVKHUHIXVHGWRMRLQWKH5RPDQVLQWKHLURSSUHVVLRQRI 
WKH-HZV+HLQVWUXFWHGKLVGLVFLSOHVGXULQJKLVDUUHVWLQWKH*DUGHQRI 
*HWKVHPDQHQRWWRWDNHWKHVZRUG´$OOZKRWDNHWKHVZRUGGLHE\WKH
VZRUGµ 0DWWKHZ² 

 /RYHDQGUHFRQFLOLDWLRQUDWKHUWKDQUHWDOLDWLRQ
/RYH RI  QHLJKERUWKH RWKHU LV DW WKH KHDUW RI  WKH &KULVWLDQ PHV
VDJHDQGLVFRQVLGHUHG-HVXV·PRVWLPSRUWDQWFRPPDQGPHQW´/RYHRQH
DQRWKHUE\WKLVORYHLWZLOOEHNQRZQWKDWWKH\DUH+LVGLVFLSOHVµ -RKQ
  +H H[WHQGHG WKLV FRPPDQGPHQW RI  ORYH WR LQFOXGH HQHPLHV
´/RYH\RXUHQHPLHVGRJRRGWRWKRVHZKRKDWH\RXEOHVVWKRVHZKR
FXUVH\RXDQGSUD\IRUWKRVHZKRPDOWUHDW\RXµ 0DWWKHZ² 

-HVXVVHWDVLGHWKHWUDGLWLRQDOOH[WDOLRQLV ´DQH\HIRUDQH\Hµ LQIDYRU


RI DORYLQJDQGFRPSDVVLRQDWHUHVSRQVH,Q5RPDQV²LWLVVDLG
´1HYHU UHSD\ LQMXU\ ZLWK LQMXU\«$YHQJH QRW \RXUVHOYHV«9HQJHDQFH
EHORQJVWRPH,ZLOOUHFRPSHQVHVD\VWKH/RUG%XWLI \RXUHQHP\LV
KXQJU\IHHGKLPLI KHWKLUVWVJLYHKLPWRGULQN«%HQRWRYHUFRPHE\
HYLOEXWRYHUFRPHHYLOZLWKJRRGµ7KHDLPRI VXFKQRQUHWDOLDWRU\ORYH
LVUHFRQFLOLDWLRQ


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

 8VHRI WUDQVIRUPLQJLQLWLDWLYHV


&KULVWLDQVDUHFDOOHGWRDFWLYHO\HQJDJHLQSHDFHPDNLQJ,Q-HVXV·VHU
PRQRQWKHPRXQWKHVDLG´%OHVVHGDUHWKHSHDFHPDNHUVIRUWKH\VKDOO
EHFDOOHGWKHFKLOGUHQRI *RGµ 0DWWKHZ 

-HVXVWROGKLVGLVFLSOHVWRUHVSRQGWRYLROHQFHE\WDNLQJXQH[SHFWHG
VXUSULVLQJ LQLWLDWLYHV ´:KHQ D SHUVRQ VWULNHV \RX RQ WKH ULJKW FKHHN
WXUQDQGRIIHU KLP WKHRWKHU« 6KRXOG DQ\RQH PDNH\RX ZDON D PLOH
ZLWKKLPJRZLWKKLPWZRPLOHV 0DWWKHZ² 7KLVWHDFKLQJLVQRW
PHUHO\DERXWQRWGRLQJVRPHWKLQJ,WPHDQVWDNLQJSRVLWLYHLQLWLDWLYHVWR
´QHXWUDOL]HµVLWXDWLRQVRI YLROHQFHDQGLQMXVWLFHVRWKDWWKHWUDQVIRUPLQJ
PHVVDJHRI *RG·VORYHFDQWDNHURRW

*OHQ 6WDVVHQ   VXPPDUL]HG WKH DERYHPHQWLRQHG &KULVWLDQ


WHDFKLQJVLQIRXUSUDFWLFDOVWHSVUHOHYDQWWRRXUFRQWHPSRUDU\WLPHV

‡ $IÀUPWKHYDOLGLQWHUHVWVRI \RXU´HQHPLHVµDQGSUD\IRUWKHP
‡ 7DONWR\RXUDGYHUVDU\DQGVHHNDJUHHPHQW
‡ $VVRFLDWHZLWKWKHSRZHUOHVVZKRQHHGMXVWLFHDQG
‡ 'RQRWVHHNWRUHWXUQHYLOIRUHYLO,QVWHDGVWDUWDQLPDJLQDWLYH
WUDQVIRUPLQJLQLWLDWLYH
)URPWKH2OG7HVWDPHQWZKLFKLVSDUWRI &KULVWLDQLW\·V+RO\6FULS
WXUHVZHFDQDOVRGHULYHWKHFRQFHSWRI ´VKDORPµWKH+HEUHZZRUGIRU
SHDFH6KDORPLPSOLHVZKROHQHVVDQGFRPSUHKHQVLYHZHOOEHLQJLQFOXG
LQJJRRGKHDOWKSURVSHULW\KDUPRQ\KHDOLQJZHOIDUHKDSSLQHVVDQGVH
FXULW\ /RUG ,WDOVRPHDQVWKHDEVHQFHRI ZDU´,ZLOOEUHDNERZ
DQGVZRUGDQGZHDSRQVRI ZDUDQGVZHHSWKHPRII WKHHDUWKVRWKDWDOO
WKHOLYLQJFUHDWXUHVPD\OLHGRZQZLWKRXWIHDUµ +RVHD 

+RZHYHUSHDFHLVQRWVLPSO\WKHDEVHQFHRI ZDU7KHSURSKHWVHQ
YLVLRQHGLWDVDUHDOLW\ZKHUHZHDSRQVJLYHZD\WRLPSOHPHQWVRI SHDFH
´7KH\VKDOOEHDWWKHLUVZRUGVLQWRSORZVKDUHVDQGWKHLUVSHDUVLQWRSUXQ
LQJKRRNVRQHQDWLRQVKDOOQRWUDLVHWKHVZRUGDJDLQVWDQRWKHUQRUVKDOO


Spiritual and Faith Traditions as Resources of Peace

WKH\ WUDLQ IRU ZDU DJDLQµ ,VDLDK   3HDFH LV DOVR HQYLVLRQHG DV LQWL
PDWHO\FRQQHFWHGWRMXVWLFH´-XVWLFHDQGSHDFHVKDOONLVVµ 3VDOP 
´-XVWLFHZLOOEULQJDERXWSHDFHZLOOSURGXFHFDOPDQGVHFXULW\µ ,VDLDK
 

$QRWKHUIXQGDPHQWDOSHDFHUHODWHGWHDFKLQJRI &KULVWLDQLW\LVWKDW
ZKLFKUHODWHVWRWKHZRUWKRI KXPDQV*HQHVLV²RI WKH2OG7HV
WDPHQWVD\V*RGFUHDWHGKXPDQVLQ+LVLPDJHDQGOLNHQHVV,QWKH1HZ
7HVWDPHQWZHÀQG-HVXVVD\LQJ´'RIRURWKHUVZKDW\RXZDQWWKHPWR
GRIRU\RXWKLVLVWKHPHDQLQJRI WKH/DZRI 0RVHVDQGRI WKHWHDFK
LQJVRI WKHSURSKHWVµ 0DWWKHZ DQG´,KDYHFRPHLQRUGHUWKDW\RX
PD\KDYHOLIH³OLIHLQDOOLWVIXOOQHVVµ -RKQ 

,VODP
7KHURRWRI WKHZRUG,VODPLV´VLOPµZKLFKPHDQVSHDFH³SHDFH
ZLWK *RG DQG RWKHU KXPDQ EHLQJV $ 0XVOLP LV RQH ZKR VXEPLWV WR
*RG·VZLOO7KHREMHFWLYHRI WKLVVXEPLVVLRQLVQRWVRPXFKZLWKSHU
VRQDOVDOYDWLRQRI WKHLQGLYLGXDOEHOLHYHUEXWWKHVXFFHVVIXOH[HFXWLRQ
RI 7KH'LYLQH3ODQDQGWKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI DMXVWDQGKDUPRQLRXV
VRFLDORUGHU 0DKPRRG$EHGLQ 

0DKPRRG$EHGLQH[SODLQVWKHÀYHREOLJDWLRQVRI D0XVOLP

 $GHFODUDWLRQDQGDFFHSWDQFHRI WKHRQHQHVVRI *RG WDZKHHG DQG


WKHSURSKHWKRRGRI 0RKDPPHG7KHJUHDWVLJQLÀFDQFHRI WKHWD
ZKHHGLVWKDW´LI *RGLVRQHVRLVDOORI +LVFUHDWLRQ«µ
 3UD\HUÀYHWLPHVDGD\
 3D\PHQW RI  ]DNDK RU REOLJDWRU\ FKDULW\ JHQHUDOO\  ó SHUFHQW RI 
RQH·VZHDOWKDQQXDOO\=DNDKLQ,VODPLVDPHDQVWRUHGLVWULEXWHZHDOWK
DQGWRVKRZRQH·VFRQFHUQIRURWKHUSHRSOH
 )DVWLQJLQWKHPRQWKRI 5DPDGKDQ,WLVPDLQO\DVSLULWXDOH[HUFLVH
EXWLWDOVRVHUYHVDVDZD\IRUDOO0XVOLPVWRIHHOWKHLUVROLGDULW\


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

 3LOJULPDJHWR0DNNDK 0HFFD RQFHLQDOLIHWLPHLI RQHFDQDIIRUG


WRGRVR
7KHIROORZLQJDUHVHYHUDOYHUVHVIURP,VODP·V+RO\ERRNWKH4XU·DQ
ZKLFKH[SUHVVHVSHDFHUHODWHGPHVVDJHV
:KRVRHYHU NLOOV D KXPDQ EHLQJ H[FHSW DV SXQLVKPHQW  IRU
PXUGHURUVSUHDGLQJFRUUXSWLRQLQWKHODQGLWVKDOOEHOLNHNLOOLQJDOO
KXPDQLW\ DQG ZKRVRHYHU VDYHV D OLIH VDYHV WKH HQWLUH KXPDQ UDFH
6XUDK

$OODKGRHVQRWIRUELG\RXWRGHDOMXVWO\DQGNLQGO\ZLWKWKRVHZKR
IRXJKWDJDLQVW\RXRQDFFRXQWRI UHOLJLRQQRUGURYH\RXRXWRI \RXU
KRPHV9HULO\$OODKORYHVWKRVHZKRGHDOZLWKHTXLW\ 6XUDK

«,WLVULJKWHRXVQHVVWREHOLHYHLQ*RGDQGWKH/DVW'D\DQGWKH
$QJHOV DQG WKH %RRN DQG WKH 0HVVHQJHUV WR VSHQG RI  \RXU VXE
VWDQFHRXWRI ORYHIRU+LPIRU\RXUNLQIRURUSKDQVIRUWKHQHHG\
IRUWKHZD\IDUHUIRUWKRVHZKRDVNDQGIRUIUHHLQJFDSWLYHVWREH
VWHDGIDVWLQSUD\HUVDQGSUDFWLFHUHJXODUFKDULW\« 6XUDK

«%HGXWLIXODQGJRRGWRSDUHQWVDQGWRNLQGUHGDQGWRRUSKDQV
DQGWKHSRRUDQGVSHDNJRRGWRSHRSOH« 6XUDK

2PDQNLQG:HKDYHFUHDWHG\RXPDOHDQGIHPDOHDQGKDYHPDGH
\RXQDWLRQVDQGWULEHVWKDW\RXPD\NQRZRQHDQRWKHU QRWGHVSLVH
RQDQRWKHU  6XUDK

$QGÀJKWLQ*RG·VFDXVHDJDLQVWWKRVHZKRZDJHZDUDJDLQVW\RX
EXWGRQRWFRPPLWDJJUHVVLRQ³IRUYHULO\*RGGRHVQRWORYHDJ
JUHVVRUV 6XUDK

*RG FRPPDQGV MXVWLFH WKH GRLQJ RI  JRRG DQG +H IRUELGV DOO
VKDPHIXOGHHGVLQMXVWLFHDQGUHEHOOLRQ 6XUDK 

,WLVWKH\ZKRDUHWKHEHOLHYHUVLQWUXWK)RUWKHPDUHJUDGHVRI 
GLJQLW\ ZLWK WKHLU /RUG DQG IRUJLYHQHVV DQG JHQHURXV SURYLVLRQ
6XUDK

3HDFH$ZRUGRI VDOXWDWLRQIURPWKH/RUGPRVWPHUFLIXO 6XUDK


 


Spiritual and Faith Traditions as Resources of Peace

)URPWKH+DGLWK VD\LQJVRI 3URSKHW0RKDPPHG ZHÀQGYHUVHV


VXFKDVWKHIROORZLQJ 6DL\DGDLQ 
*RG·VFUHDWXUHVDUH+LVIDPLO\DQGKHLVPRVWEHORYHGE\*RG
ZKRGRHVUHDOJRRGWRWKHPHPEHUVRI *RG·VIDPLO\

0D\,WHOO\RXZKDWLVHYHQEHWWHUWKDQSUD\HUVDQGIDVWLQJDQGJLY
LQJDOPVWRWKHSRRU",WLVUHFRQFLOLQJGLIIHUHQFHVDQGGLVSXWHVDPRQJ
PHQ$QGVRZLQJGLVFRUGZLSHVRII DOOYLUWXHV

*RGÀOOVWKHKHDUWRI KLPZLWKIDLWKDQGFRQWHQWPHQWZKRKDY
LQJWKHSRZHUWRDYHQJHKLPVHOIH[HUFLVHVUHVWUDLQWDQGWROHUDWLRQ

$QGE\*RGKHLVQREHOLHYHU«ZKRVHQHLJKERUGRHVQRWOLYHLQ
SHDFHEHFDXVHRI KLVPLVFKLHI PDNLQJ

6KRZFRPSDVVLRQWRWKRVHRQHDUWKVRWKDW+HZKRLVLQKHDYHQ
PD\VKRZ+LVPHUF\RQ\RX

%XGGKLVP
%XGGKLVWWHDFKLQJVSURPRWHVSLULWXDOSXULÀFDWLRQWKURXJKWKHHUDGL
FDWLRQRI GHÀOHPHQWVXQWLORQHDWWDLQVQLUYDQDWKHÀQDOHPDQFLSDWLRQ
IURPVXIIHULQJZKLFKLVWKHHQGRI RQH·VF\FOHVRI ELUWKDQGGHDWK%XG
GKLVW GRFWULQH DVVHUWV WKDW ZDU FULPH DQG VXIIHULQJ DUH PHQWDO GHÀOH
PHQWVDQGWKDWWKHVHQHHGWREHRYHUFRPHE\WKHSUDFWLFHRI VHOIGLVFL
SOLQHPHGLWDWLRQZLVGRPDQGHQOLJKWHQPHQW 6LULNDQFKDQD 

%XGGKLVW6FULSWXUHVVKRZWKH%XGGKD·VDSSURYDORI DSHUVRQZKR
GRHVQRWNLOO´+LP,FDOOHGLQGHHGD%UDKPDQZKR«GRHVQRWNLOOQRU
FDXVHVODXJKWHU+LP,FDOOLQGHHGD%UDKPDQZKRLVWROHUDQWZLWKWKH
LQWROHUDQW PLOG DPRQJ WKH YLROHQW DQG IUHH IURP JUHHG DPRQJ WKH
JUHHG\µ 7KH'KDPPDSDGD 

%XGGKLVPWHDFKHVFRPSDVVLRQDQGORYLQJNLQGQHVV7KH'DODL/DPD
 GHÀQHVFRPSDVVLRQDVWKH´IHHOLQJRI XQEHDUDEOHQHVVDWWKHVLJKW
RI  RWKHU VHQWLHQW EHLQJV· VXIIHULQJ« D IHHOLQJ RI  FRQQHFWHGQHVV DQG
FRPPLWPHQW«UHFRJQL]LQJWKDWRWKHUSHRSOHMXVWOLNH\RXUVHOIDOVRGR


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

QRWZDQWWRVXIIHUDQGWKDWWKH\KDYHDULJKWWRKDYHKDSSLQHVV MXVWOLNH
\RXUVHOI µ

:HVHHWKLVFRPSDVVLRQDQGORYLQJNLQGQHVVH[SUHVVHGLQWKHIROORZ
LQJ%XGGKLVWWH[WV
$VWDWHWKDWLVQRWSOHDVDQWRUGHOLJKWIXOWRPHPXVWEHVRIRUKLP
DOVRDQGDVWDWHZKLFKLVQRWSOHDVDQWRUGHOLJKWIXOIRUPHKRZFRXOG
,LQÁLFWWKDWRQDQRWKHU" 6DP\XWWD1LND\D

:LWKDOLPLWOHVVVSLULWPXVWRQHFKHULVKDOOOLYLQJWKLQJV 7KH/RWXV
6XWUD 

,Q RQH RI  KLV ZULWLQJV (WKLFV IRU WKH 1HZ 0LOOHQQLXP WKH 'DODL
/DPD  VWUHVVHVWKHLPSRUWDQFHRI WKHIROORZLQJSULQFLSOHV

‡ +XPDQQDWXUHLVEDVLFDOO\JHQWOHDQGQRWDJJUHVVLYH
‡ ,QQHUSHDFHLVWKHSULQFLSDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFRI KDSSLQHVV
‡ +DSSLQHVV LV URRWHG LQ FRQFHUQ IRU RWKHUV· ZHOOEHLQJ DQG RXU
UHODWLRQVKLSZLWKRWKHUV
‡ 2QHVKRXOGEHQRQKDUPLQJDQGVKRXOGFXOWLYDWHSRVLWLYHTXDOL
WLHVVXFKDVJHQHURVLW\DQGKXPLOLW\ WKHODWWHULVQRWWKHVDPHDV
ODFNRI VHOIFRQÀGHQFH
‡ 1HJDWLYHWKRXJKWVDQGIHHOLQJVFDXVHXQKDSSLQHVVDQGVXIIHULQJ
%XGGKLVWVEHOLHYHLQWKH/DZRI .DUPDZKLFKUHYHDOVWKHWUXWKRI 
FDXVHDQGHIIHFWJRRGGHHGV\LHOGJRRGHIIHFWVDQGYLFHYHUVD+XPDQ
EHLQJVDQGDQLPDOVDFFRUGLQJWRWKHLU.DUPDKDYHWRJRWKURXJKDQ
HQGOHVVF\FOHRI ELUWKDQGGHDWKDQGPD\EHUHERUQLQWKHIRUPRI DQ
RWKHU7KHLUDFWLYLWLHVJRRGRUEDGKDYHDQHIIHFWRQWKHPVHOYHVDQGRQ
RWKHUV 6LULNDQFKDQD 

%XGGKLVP UHYHDOV WKDW PDWHULDOLVWLF HQVODYHPHQW VHOÀVKQHVV DQG


JUHHGDUHWKHVRXUFHVRI DOOLQMXVWLFHDQGWKHUHIRUHWHDFKHVSHRSOHWRJLYH
PRUHWDNHOHVVOLYHDVLPSOHOLIHDQGIUHHWKHPVHOYHVIURPDWWDFKPHQWV
ZKLFKDUHVRXUFHVRI VXIIHULQJ 6LULNDQFKDQD 


Spiritual and Faith Traditions as Resources of Peace

3ULQFH 6LGGKDUWD ZKR ODWHU EHFDPH WKH %XGGKD H[SHULHQFHG H[


WUHPHVGXULQJKLVOLIHWKHH[WUHPHVRI VHQVXDOSOHDVXUHVDQGODWHURI 
VHOIPRUWLÀFDWLRQ7KHUHDIWHUKHIROORZHGWKH´0LGGOH3DWKµZD\RI OLIH
E\ZKLFKKHVDLGKHZDVIXOO\OLEHUDWHGDQGKDGWRWDOO\FRQTXHUHGJUHHG
KDWUHGDQGLOOXVLRQ7KH´0LGGOH3DWKµLVIROORZLQJDSRVLWLYHDQGSHDFH
IXOZD\LQRQH·VGDLO\OLIHDYRLGLQJH[WUHPHV +HZDJH 7KH'DODL
/DPD  FDOOVWKLV´DEDODQFHGDQGVNLOOIXODSSURDFKWROLIH«DYHU\
LPSRUWDQWIDFWRULQFRQGXFWLQJRQH·VHYHU\GD\H[LVWHQFHµ

+LQGXLVP
7KHXOWLPDWHJRDORI +LQGXVSLULWXDOLW\LVWRJDLQDYLVLRQRI XQLW\
ZKLFKLVQRQGLVFULPLQDWRU\ZKHUHHYHU\NLQGRI OLIHIRUPLVLPSRUWDQW
7KLVYLVLRQRI LQWHUFRQQHFWHGQHVVIRVWHUVGHHSUHVSHFWIRURQHDQRWKHU
DQGDSRVLWLYHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQKXPDQEHLQJVDQGWKHQDWXUDOZRUOG
6XQGDUDUDMDQ 

7KHUHDUHYHUVHVIURPWKH+LQGXWH[WVWKDWUHIHUWRXQLW\DQGKDU
PRQ\FLWHGLQ6XQGDUDUDMDQ·VZRUN
8QLWH\RXUUHVROYHXQLWH\RXUKHDUWVPD\\RXUVSLULWEHDVRQH
WKDW\RXPD\ORQJWRJHWKHUGZHOOLQXQLW\DQGFRQFRUG 5J9HGD 

0D\DOOKXPDQEHLQJVORRNRQPHZLWKWKHH\HRI DIULHQGPD\
,ORRNXSRQDOOEHLQJVZLWKWKHH\HRI DIULHQGPD\ZHORRNRQRQH
DQRWKHUZLWKWKHH\HRI DIULHQG <DMXUYHGDSUD\HU 
5DQJDQDWKDQDQGD  H[SODLQVWKDWORYHDQGUHVSHFWIRURWKHUEH
LQJVDUHWKHIUXLWVRI WKHVHQVHRI RQHQHVVWKDW+LQGXVEHOLHYHLQ+H
FLWHVYHUVHVLQZKLFK*RGVSHDNVWRKXPDQEHLQJV
,DPQRWSOHDVHG«LI WKHZRUVKLSSHUVLQVXOWWKHGLJQLW\RI RWKHU
EHLQJV«7KHUHIRUHZRUVKLSPH«E\XSKROGLQJWKHLUGLJQLW\LQDQ
DWWLWXGHRI IULHQGOLQHVVDQGZLWKWKHH\HRI QRQVHSDUDWHQHVV 6ULPDG
%KDJDYDWDP 
9DVZDQL  HQXPHUDWHVVRPHRI WKHLPSRUWDQWSULQFLSOHVRI +LQGX
LVP


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

‡ /LYHDPRUDOOLIHZLWKULJKWWKRXJKWVDQGDFWLRQV
‡ &RQWURORQH·VGHVLUHVDQGDQJHU
‡ 3UDFWLFHDKLPVD QRQYLROHQFHRUQRQLQMXU\ 
‡ 3URPRWHORYHDQGFRPSDVVLRQDVZHOODVMXVWLFH
‡ 5HFRJQL]H WKDW HDFK SHUVRQ UHDSV WKH IUXLW RI  KLVKHU GHHGV
.DUPD
‡ 5HFRJQL]HWKHLPSRUWDQFHRI LQQHUSHDFHDQGLQQHUWUDQVIRUPD
WLRQDVWKHEHJLQQLQJRI SHDFHLQWKHIDPLO\VRFLHW\DQGLQWKH
ZRUOG
7KHVHDGGLWLRQDOSHUVSHFWLYHVDUHRIIHUHGE\6KDUPD  

‡ +LQGXVDUHDVNHGWRHQJDJHLQJRRGGHHGVDQGEHQHÀFLDODFWLYL
WLHVQRWWRLQÁLFWSDLQZLWKFDUHOHVVZRUGVDQGGHHGV
‡ +LQGXSUDFWLFHWHDFKHVEHOLHYHUVWREHWROHUDQWDQGQRWWREHMHDO
RXVRI DQ\RQHDVZHOODVWRUHSODFHKDWHDQGYLROHQFHZLWKORYH
DQGQRQYLROHQFH
6KDUPDDOVRSRLQWVRXWWKDW+LQGXVHQGWKHLUSUD\HUVZLWKWKHZRUG
´6KDQWLµ SHDFH  UHSHDWHG WKUHH WLPHV 6KDQWL VKDQWL VKDQWL ³ ZKLFK
PHDQVOHWWKHUHEHSHDFHZLWKLQXVLQRXUIDPLO\DQGLQWKHZRUOG

,QGLJHQRXV7UDGLWLRQV
7KURXJKRXW WKH ZRUOG LQGLJHQRXV FRPPXQLWLHV KDYH FRQWULEXWHG
WKHLUZLVGRPWRZDUGVSHDFH)RURQHWKH\KDYHWKLVSURIRXQGUHYHUHQFH
IRUQDWXUH2YHUWLPHWKH\KDYHDOVRGHYHORSHGPHFKDQLVPVIRUSHDFH
IXOO\ UHVROYLQJ WKHLU FRQÁLFW DQG GLVSXWHV E\ GUDZLQJ IURP WKHLU RZQ
IRUPVRI LQGLJHQRXVVSLULWXDOLW\

$PRQJ WKH PDQ\ LQGLJHQRXV JURXSV DOO RYHU WKH ZRUOG WKHUH DUH
VRPHVLPLODULWLHVLQFXOWXUDODQGVSLULWXDOSUDFWLFHV2QHRI WKHVHLVWKHLU
VSLULWXDOFRQQHFWLRQZLWKWKHLUODQG7KH\EHOLHYHWKDWQRRQHRZQVWKH
ODQGEXWWKDWWKHSHRSOHRI WKDWODQGKDYHDFROOHFWLYHULJKWWRXVHWKH


Spiritual and Faith Traditions as Resources of Peace

ODQG DV ZHOO DV WKH FROOHFWLYH UHVSRQVLELOLW\ WR SURWHFW DQG VXVWDLQDEO\
PDLQWDLQLW *UD\ $V%URZQ  H[SODLQV´7KHUHLVD«VLP
SOLFLW\ E\ ZKLFK WKH LQGLJHQRXV VSLULWXDOLW\ HPEUDFHV WKH IRXQGDWLRQDO
HOHPHQWVRI OLIHDQGQDWXUH:HDUHFXVWRGLDQVRI WKHODQGQRWRZQHUV
EX\HUVRUVHOOHUVµ

3DWULFLD0LVFKH  QRWHVLQKHUSLRQHHULQJDQGLPSRUWDQWHVVD\


RQJOREDOVSLULWXDOLW\WKDW$IULFDQDQG1DWLYH$PHULFDQVLQWXLWLYHO\XQ
GHUVWRRGWKHGLYLQHSUHVHQFHLQWKHHDUWKSURFHVVHVDQGSHRSOH·VVSLULWXDO
NLQVKLS ZLWK DOO OLIH IRUPV 6KH FLWHV WKH UHVSRQVH RI  &KLHI  6HDWWOH D
OHDGHURI WKH1DWLYH$PHULFDQ6XTXDPLVKWULEHZKHQKHZDVDVNHGWR
VHOOWULEDOODQGVWRWKH86JRYHUQPHQWLQ
+RZFDQ\RXEX\RUVHOOWKHVN\WKHZDUPWKRI WKHODQG"7KHLGHD
LVVWUDQJHWRXV

:HDUHSDUWRI WKHHDUWKDQGLWLVSDUWRI XV7KHSHUIXPHGÁRZ


HUVDUHRXUVLVWHUVWKHGHHUWKHKRUVHWKHJUHDWHDJOHWKHVHDUHRXU
EURWKHUV7KHURFN\FUHVWVWKHMXLFHVLQWKHPHDGRZWKHERG\KHDWRI 
WKHSRQ\DQGPDQ³DOOEHORQJWRWKHVDPHIDPLO\

,I ZHVHOO\RXRXUODQG«WHDFK\RXUFKLOGUHQZKDWZHKDYHWDXJKW
RXUFKLOGUHQWKDWWKHHDUWKLVRXUPRWKHU:KDWHYHUEHIDOOVWKHHDUWK
EHIDOOVWKHVRQVRI WKHHDUWK,I PHQVSLWXSRQWKHJURXQGWKH\VSLW
XSRQWKHPVHOYHV

7KLVZHNQRZ7KHHDUWKGRHVQRWEHORQJWRPDQPDQEHORQJV
WRWKHHDUWK7KLVZHNQRZ$OOWKLQJVDUHFRQQHFWHGOLNHWKHEORRG
ZKLFKXQLWHVRQHIDPLO\$OOWKLQJVDUHFRQQHFWHG

:KDWHYHUEHIDOOVWKHHDUWKEHIDOOVWKHVRQVRI WKHHDUWK0DQGLG
QRWZHDYHWKHZHERI OLIHKHLVPHUHO\DVWUDQGLQLW:KDWHYHUKH
GRHVWRWKHZHEKHGRHVWRKLPVHOI

,QGHHGWKHLQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHV ,3V KROGWKHLUODQGVDFUHG$0DQR


ER IURPDQLQGLJHQRXVWULEHLQ0LQGDQDR3KLOLSSLQHV H[SUHVVHGWKLV
ZKHQKHVDLG´7KHODQGLVERWKRXUIDWKHUDQGPRWKHUµ 0HUFDGR 
$QRWKHUDOVRVDLG


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

*RGFUHDWHGODQGIRUWKHSHRSOH«/DQGWKHHDUWKRZQVWKHSHR
SOH7KHVHDUHVDFUHGSODFHV/DQGLVDSODFHWROLYHLQWRXVHDQGWR
ZRUNIRULWVIUXLWVDQGWKHQWREHEXULHGLQDQGWKXVÀQDOO\EHRZQHG
E\LW %HQQDJHQ 

9RLFHVOLNHWKHRQHVPHQWLRQHGDERYHUHPLQGXVRI WKH,3V·ZRUOG
YLHZ WKDW ODQG LV VDFUHG ODQG LV OLIH 7KH UHSRUW RI  WKH :RUOG &RP
PLVVLRQRQ(QYLURQPHQWDQG'HYHORSPHQWHQWLWOHG2XU&RPPRQ)X
WXUH   UHFRJQL]HV WKH LPSRUWDQW FRQWULEXWLRQ RI  WKLV LQGLJHQRXV
ZRUOGYLHZLQSURWHFWLQJWKHQDWXUDOHQYLURQPHQW0RQD-DFNVRQ  
D0DRULIURP1HZ=HDODQGDVVHUWVWKDWWKLVFRPPRQVHQVHRI RQHQHVV
ZLWKPRWKHUHDUWKLVDVKDUHGWUDLWE\WKHZRUOG·V,3V

7KH,3VEHOLHYHWKDWODQGLV*RG·VJLIW %HQQDJHQ 7KLVDS


SHDUVWREHWKHXQGHUO\LQJIDFWRUEHKLQGWKHLUSUDFWLFHVZKLFKFDOOVIRUD
VKDULQJRI JRRGVVHUYLFHVDQGLGHDV+RZHYHUWKHPRVWEDVLFRI WKHVH
SUDFWLFHVLVWKHVKDULQJRI ODQGDQGLWVUHVRXUFHV7KHVHDUHVKDUHGZLWK
WKHVSLULWVDQGGHLWLHVDQGWKHPHPEHUVRI WKHFRPPXQLWLHV

$QRWKHUSULQFLSOHRUYDOXHZKLFKDSSHDUVWREHVKDUHGE\PDQ\LQ
GLJHQRXVJURXSVLVWKDWRI FRPPXQLW\EDVHGUHVWRUDWLYHMXVWLFH)URP
LQWHUYLHZV RI  LQIRUPDQWV IURP WKH &RUGLOOHUDV LQ 1RUWKHUQ /X]RQ LW
LQGLFDWHVWKDWDFRPPXQLW\IHHOVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUWUDQVJUHVVLRQVRUYLROD
WLRQVWKDWDPHPEHURI WKDWSDUWLFXODUFRPPXQLW\KDVFRPPLWWHGDQGLW
ZLOOPRVWOLNHO\WDNHDFRPPXQLW\UHVSRQVHWRUHSDLUWKHGDPDJHGRQHE\
DPHPEHURI LWVFRPPXQLW\

$OHDGHURI DQ,3FRPPXQLW\LQ0LQGDQDRH[SUHVVHGKLVYLHZVRQ
IRUJLYHQHVVDQGUHFRQFLOLDWLRQ´,I \RXEUHDNVRPHWKLQJ\RXUHSDLULW,I 
\RXPDNHVRPHRQHVLFN\RXPXVWKHDOKLPKHU0HUHO\DVNLQJIRUJLYH
QHVVLVQRWHQRXJKµ$QRWKHUOHDGHUVDLG´«/XPDGV &HEXDQRZRUG
IRU LQGLJHQRXV  IRUJLYH HDVLO\ $ /XPDG GRHV QRW VHQWHQFH XQOHVV KH
NQRZVWKHFDXVHµ 0HUFDGR 

7KHIRUHJRLQJGLVFXVVLRQKDVVKRZQWKDWRXUVSLULWXDODQGIDLWKWUD


Spiritual and Faith Traditions as Resources of Peace

GLWLRQVFDQVHUYHDVUHVRXUFHVIRUSHDFH:HRQO\QHHGWRUHGLVFRYHUWKH
SULQFLSOHV WKDW WKH\ WHDFK DQG UHFRJQL]H WKDW WKH\ DOO KDYH D FRPPRQ
JRDOZKLFKLVWRVHHNSHDFHDQGWKHZHOOEHLQJRI DOO

d,'K>EZh>/E/&&ZEd&/d,^
ŚƌŝƐƟĂŶŝƚLJ
 tŚĂƚĞǀĞƌLJŽƵǁŝƐŚƚŚĂƚŽƚŚĞƌƐĚŽƚŽLJŽƵ͕ĚŽƐŽƚŽƚŚĞŵ
ͶƚŚĂƚŝƐǁŚĂƚƚŚĞůĂǁĂŶĚƚŚĞƉƌŽƉŚĞƚƐĂƌĞĂůůĂďŽƵƚ͘
;DĂƩŚĞǁϳ͗ϭϮ͕>ƵŬĞϲ͗ϯϭͿ

/ƐůĂŵ
 EŽŽŶĞŽĨLJŽƵŝƐĂďĞůŝĞǀĞƌƵŶƟůŚĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƐĨŽƌŚŝƐďƌŽƚŚĞƌ
ƚŚĂƚǁŚŝĐŚŚĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƐĨŽƌŚŝŵƐĞůĨ͘;dŚĞ,ĂĚŝƚŚͿ

ƵĚĚŚŝƐŵ
 dƌĞĂƚ ŶŽƚ ŽƚŚĞƌƐ ŝŶ ǁĂLJƐ ƚŚĂƚ LJŽƵ LJŽƵƌƐĞůĨ ǁŽƵůĚ ĮŶĚ
ŚƵƌƞƵů͘;hĚĂŶĂͲsĂƌŐĂϱ͘ϭϴͿ

,ŝŶĚƵŝƐŵ
 dŚŝƐŝƐƚŚĞĞƐƐĞŶĐĞŽĨŵŽƌĂůŝƚLJ͗ŽŶŽƚĚŽƚŽŽƚŚĞƌƐǁŚŝĐŚ
ŝĨ ĚŽŶĞ ƚŽ LJŽƵ ǁŽƵůĚ ĐĂƵƐĞ LJŽƵ ƉĂŝŶ͘ ;DĂŚĂďŚĂƌĂƚĂ͕
y///͘ϭϭϰ͘ϴs͕ϭϱϭϳͿ

/ŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐ^ƉŝƌŝƚƵĂůŝƟĞƐ
 ŽŶŽƚƐƚƌŝǀĞƚŽĐĂƵƐĞLJŽƵƌŶĞŝŐŚďŽƌ͛ƐƵŶĚŽŝŶŐ͕ĨŽƌĂƐLJŽƵ
ƐƚƌŝǀĞĨŽƌLJŽƵƌŽǁŶŐŽŽĚƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ͕ƐŽƌĞŶĚĞƌŝƚƚŽŽƚŚͲ
ĞƌƐ͘;ƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĂůŝŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐƐĂLJŝŶŐͿ


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

Šƒ’–‡”ͷ

8SKROGLQJ+XPDQ'LJQLW\

8
SKROGLQJKXPDQGLJQLW\LVDWWKHFHQWHURI WKHYDOXHVV\VWHP
WKDWZHDVVRFLDWHZLWKVRFLDOSHDFH+XPDQGLJQLW\LVGHÀQHG
DVWKHIXQGDPHQWDOLQQDWHZRUWKRI DKXPDQEHLQJDSULQFLSOH
WKDWLVQRZXQLYHUVDOO\DFFHSWHGEXWKDVQRWWDNHQURRWLQWKHDFWXDOSUDF
WLFHVRI PDQ\JRYHUQPHQWVFRPPXQLWLHVDQGRWKHUQRQVWDWHDFWRUV

7KHSULQFLSOHRI KXPDQGLJQLW\LVHQVKULQHGLQWKHWHDFKLQJRI PDMRU


IDLWKV)RULQVWDQFHLQ&KULVWLDQLW\WKLVZRXOGEHURRWHGLQWKHEHOLHI WKDW
*RGFUHDWHGKXPDQEHLQJVLQ+LVLPDJH,WLVOLNHZLVHDFRPPDQGPHQW
RI -HVXVWKDWZHORYHRXUQHLJKERUHYHQRQH·VHQHPLHV

$ODQGPDUNSDSDOHQF\FOLFDO3DFHPLQ7HUULVKDVDOVRGHFODUHGWKDW
SHDFHZRXOGEHEXLOWLI FLWL]HQV´DSSO\WKHPVHOYHVVHULRXVO\WRUHVSHFW
LQJWKHULJKWVRI RWKHUVDQGGLVFKDUJLQJWKHLURZQGXWLHVµ 3RSH-RKQ
;;,,, ,Q,VODPLWLVEHOLHYHGWKDWDOOKXPDQEHLQJVKDYHWKHULJKW
WROLIHDWFRQFHSWLRQDQGDIWHUELUWKDULJKWWRIXOORSSRUWXQLWLHVWROHDG
DUHZDUGLQJDQGVDWLVI\LQJOLIH 0DKPRRG$EHGLQLQ0LVFKHDQG0HUN
OLQJ HGV  

+XPDQ'LJQLW\DQG3HDFH(GXFDWLRQ
(GXFDWLRQWKDWVHHNVWRXSKROGKXPDQGLJQLW\LVRIWHQUHIHUUHGWR
DVKXPDQULJKWVHGXFDWLRQZKLFKLVZLWKLQWKHXPEUHOODZHFDOOSHDFH
HGXFDWLRQ,QSHDFHHGXFDWLRQRQHRI WKHFHQWUDOFRQFHUQVLVWKHSURPR
WLRQRI KXPDQGLJQLW\DQGZHOOEHLQJEHFDXVHRI WKHFRQYLFWLRQWKDWWKLV


Upholding Human Dignity

LVDIRXQGDWLRQIRUSHDFH%HWW\5HDUGRQDSWO\QRWHGWKDWWKHDFKLHYH
PHQWRI SRVLWLYHFRQGLWLRQVRI KXPDQULJKWVSURYLGHWKHIRXQGDWLRQRI 
DQRQYLROHQWVRFLDORUGHUDQGJUHDWO\UHGXFHWKHFDXVHVRI DUPHGFRQÁLFW
DQGZDU 5HDUGRQ 

,QWKH3KLOLSSLQHVDVHULHVRI QDWLRQDOFRQVXOWDWLRQVFRQGXFWHGE\
WKH1DWLRQDO8QLÀFDWLRQ&RPPLVVLRQKDVVKRZQWKDWPDVVLYHSRYHUW\
DQGLQMXVWLFHVZHUHLQGLFDWHGDQGUDQNHGDVWKHKLJKHVWDPRQJWKHIDF
WRUVWKDWKDYHFDXVHGWKHDUPHGFRQÁLFWVLQWKHFRXQWU\ 23$33 
2QFORVHUDQDO\VLVLWFDQEHVHHQKRZWKHVHIDFWRUVFDQDOVREHGHVFULEHG
DVFRQVWLWXWLQJWKHGHQLDORI IXQGDPHQWDOKXPDQULJKWVRI ODUJHJURXSV
RI SHRSOH

)XUWKHUPRUH GXULQJ WKH GDUN GD\V RI  PDUWLDO ODZ DQG WKHQ DJDLQ
PRUHUHFHQWO\WKHVXPPDU\SROLWLFDONLOOLQJVDQGGLVDSSHDUDQFHVFDQEH
FRQVLGHUHGDVVHULRXVWKUHDWVWRDGHVLUHGQRQYLROHQWVRFLDORUGHU(GX
FDWLRQKDVWRSOD\DUROHLQFXOWLYDWLQJPLQGVHWVDWWLWXGHVDQGEHKDYLRUV
WKDWZRXOGUHMHFWDQGGHQRXQFHWKHVHFRQGLWLRQVRI YLROHQFHDQGDWWKH
VDPHWLPHHQFRXUDJHDÀUPEHOLHI LQDQGSUDFWLFHRI UHVSHFWIRUWKHOLIH
GLJQLW\DQGZHOOEHLQJRI DOOSHRSOH

7R VXSSRUW WKH 81 'HFODUDWLRQ RI  ² DV WKH 'HFDGH RI 


3HDFHDQG1RQYLROHQFHIRUWKH&KLOGUHQRI WKH:RUOG81(6&2LQLWL
DWHGWKH0DQLIHVWRDOUHDG\VLJQHGE\PLOOLRQVRI SHRSOH)RUHPRVW
DPRQJWKHSOHGJHVLQWKH0DQLIHVWRLVWKHRQHWKDWVD\V´5HVSHFWWKH
OLIHDQGGLJQLW\RI HDFKKXPDQEHLQJµ 0RUDOHVLQ$EXHYD HG  
$JDLQ WKLV LQGLFDWHV WR XV WKH XOWLPDWH FRQQHFWLRQ EHWZHHQ SHDFH DQG
UHVSHFWIRUKXPDQGLJQLW\

7KH8QLYHUVDO'HFODUDWLRQRI +XPDQ5LJKWV
7KHUHFRJQLWLRQRI KXPDQULJKWVDVDVLJQLÀFDQWLQWHUQDWLRQDOFRQ
FHUQFDPHDWWKHFORVHRI :RUOG:DU,,ZLWKWKHIRXQGLQJRI WKH8QLW
HG1DWLRQVDQGWKHDGRSWLRQRI WKH8QLYHUVDO'HFODUDWLRQRI +XPDQ


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

5LJKWV 8'+5 E\81*HQHUDO$VVHPEO\LQ$QDEEUHYLDWHGYHU


VLRQRI WKH8'+5LVIRXQGEHORZ )ORZHUV 
hE/sZ^>>Zd/KEK&,hDEZ/',d^
hE/sZ^>>Zd/KEK&,hDEZ/',d^
ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϭ ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϭϲ
ZŝŐŚƚƚŽƋƵĂůŝƚLJ ZŝŐŚƚƚŽDĂƌƌŝĂŐĞĂŶĚ&ĂŵŝůLJ
ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϮ ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϭϳ
&ƌĞĞĚŽŵĨƌŽŵŝƐĐƌŝŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ ZŝŐŚƚƚŽKǁŶWƌŽƉĞƌƚLJ
ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϯ ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϭϴ
ZŝŐŚƚƚŽ>ŝĨĞ͕>ŝďĞƌƚLJ͕WĞƌƐŽŶĂů^ĞĐƵƌŝƚLJ &ƌĞĞĚŽŵŽĨĞůŝĞĨĂŶĚZĞůŝŐŝŽŶ
ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϰ ƌƟĐůĞϭϵ
&ƌĞĞĚŽŵĨƌŽŵ^ůĂǀĞƌLJ &ƌĞĞĚŽŵŽĨKƉŝŶŝŽŶĂŶĚ/ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ
ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϱ ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϮϬ
&ƌĞĞĚŽŵĨƌŽŵdŽƌƚƵƌĞ ZŝŐŚƚŽĨWĞĂĐĞĨƵůƐƐĞŵďůLJ
ĂŶĚĞŐƌĂĚŝŶŐdƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ
ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϲ ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϮϭ
ZŝŐŚƚƚŽZĞĐŽŐŶŝƟŽŶĂƐĂ ZŝŐŚƚƚŽWĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞŝŶ'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ
WĞƌƐŽŶďĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞ>Ăǁ ĂŶĚŝŶ&ƌĞĞůĞĐƟŽŶƐ
ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϳ ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϮϮ
ZŝŐŚƚƚŽƋƵĂůŝƚLJďĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞ>Ăǁ ZŝŐŚƚƚŽ^ŽĐŝĂů^ĞĐƵƌŝƚLJ
ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϴ ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϮϯ
ZŝŐŚƚƚŽZĞŵĞĚLJďLJŽŵƉĞƚĞŶƚdƌŝďƵŶĂů ZŝŐŚƚƚŽĞƐŝƌĂďůĞtŽƌŬ
ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϵ ĂŶĚƚŽ:ŽŝŶdƌĂĚĞhŶŝŽŶƐ
&ƌĞĞĚŽŵĨƌŽŵƌďŝƚƌĂƌLJ ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϮϰ
ƌƌĞƐƚĂŶĚdžŝůĞ ZŝŐŚƚƚŽZĞƐƚĂŶĚ>ĞŝƐƵƌĞ
ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϭϬ ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϮϱ
ZŝŐŚƚƚŽ&ĂŝƌWƵďůŝĐ,ĞĂƌŝŶŐ ZŝŐŚƚƚŽĚĞƋƵĂƚĞ>ŝǀŝŶŐ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚ
ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϭϭ ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϮϲ
ZŝŐŚƚƚŽďĞŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚ ZŝŐŚƚƚŽĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
/ŶŶŽĐĞŶƚƵŶƟůWƌŽǀĞŶ'ƵŝůƚLJ ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϮϳ
ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϭϮ ZŝŐŚƚƚŽWĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞŝŶƚŚĞ
&ƌĞĞĚŽŵĨƌŽŵ/ŶƚĞƌĨĞƌĞŶĐĞǁŝƚŚ ƵůƚƵƌĂů>ŝĨĞŽĨŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ
WƌŝǀĂĐLJ͕&ĂŵŝůLJ͕,ŽŵĞΘŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶĐĞ ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϮϴ
ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϭϯ ZŝŐŚƚƚŽĂ^ŽĐŝĂůKƌĚĞƌƚŚĂƚ
ZŝŐŚƚƚŽ&ƌĞĞDŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŝŶ ƌƟĐƵůĂƚĞƐƚŚŝƐŽĐƵŵĞŶƚ
ĂŶĚŽƵƚŽĨƚŚĞŽƵŶƚƌLJ ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϮϵ
ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϭϰ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJƵƟĞƐƐƐĞŶƟĂů
ZŝŐŚƚƚŽƐLJůƵŵŝŶŽƚŚĞƌ ƚŽ&ƌĞĞĂŶĚ&ƵůůĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ
ŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐĨƌŽŵWĞƌƐĞĐƵƟŽŶ ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϯϬ
ͻ ƌƟĐůĞϭϱ &ƌĞĞĚŽŵĨƌŽŵ^ƚĂƚĞŽƌWĞƌƐŽŶĂů
ZŝŐŚƚƚŽĂEĂƟŽŶĂůŝƚLJĂŶĚ /ŶƚĞƌĨĞƌĞŶĐĞŝŶƚŚĞĂďŽǀĞZŝŐŚƚƐ
ƚŚĞ&ƌĞĞĚŽŵƚŽŚĂŶŐĞ/ƚ


Upholding Human Dignity

$V FDQ EH JOHDQHG IURP WKH SUHYLRXV SDJH WKH 8'+5 LQGLFDWHV WKDW
WKHUHDUHÀYHPDMRUW\SHVRI KXPDQULJKWV7KHVHDUHFLYLOULJKWVSROLWLFDO
ULJKWVHFRQRPLFULJKWVVRFLDOULJKWVDQGFXOWXUDOULJKWV,WZLOOEHQRWHG
WKDWKXPDQULJKWVDUHVRPHWLPHVH[SUHVVHGDVWKHIUHHGRPWREHWRKDYH
RUWRGRVRPHWKLQJDQGDOVRVRPHWLPHVH[SUHVVHGDVWKHULJKWQRWWREH
VXEMHFWHGWRDQLQKXPDQFRQGLWLRQ+HUHXQGHUDUHH[DPSOHVXQGHUHDFK
RI WKHGLIIHUHQWFDWHJRULHVW\SHVRI ULJKWVIURPWKH8'+5
&LYLO5LJKWV
 $UWLFOH ² 5LJKWWROLIHOLEHUW\DQGSHUVRQDOVHFXULW\
 $UWLFOH ² )UHHGRPIURPVODYHU\
 $UWLFOH ² )UHHGRPIURPWRUWXUHDQGGHJUDGLQJWUHDWPHQW
 $UWLFOH ² )UHHGRPIURPDUELWUDU\DUUHVWDQGH[LOH
 $UWLFOH² 5LJKWWRDIDLUSXEOLFKHDULQJ
 $UWLFOH² 5LJKWWREHFRQVLGHUHGLQQRFHQWXQWLOSURYHQJXLOW\
 $UWLFOH² )UHHGRPIURPLQWHUIHUHQFHZLWKSULYDF\IDPLO\ 
  KRPHDQGFRUUHVSRQGHQFH
 $UWLFOH² 5LJKWWRIUHHPRYHPHQWLQDQGRXWRI WKHFRXQWU\
 $UWLFOH² 5LJKWWRPDUULDJHDQGIDPLO\
 $UWLFOH² )UHHGRPRI RSLQLRQDQGLQIRUPDWLRQ
3ROLWLFDO5LJKWV
 $UWLFOH² 5LJKWWRDV\OXPLQRWKHUFRXQWULHVIURPSHUVHFXWLRQ
 $UWLFOH² 5LJKWRI SHDFHIXODVVHPEO\DQGDVVRFLDWLRQ
 $UWLFOH² 5LJKWWRSDUWLFLSDWHLQJRYHUQPHQWDQGLQIUHHHOHFWLRQV
(FRQRPLF5LJKWV
 $UWLFOH² 5LJKWWRRZQSURSHUW\
 $UWLFOH² 5LJKWWRGHVLUDEOHZRUNDQGWRMRLQWUDGHXQLRQV
6RFLDO5LJKWV
 $UWLFOH² 5LJKWWRVRFLDOVHFXULW\
 $UWLFOH² 5LJKWWRUHVWDQGOHLVXUH
 $UWLFOH² 5LJKWWRDGHTXDWHOLYLQJVWDQGDUG KHDOWKIRRG
  KRXVLQJHWF


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

 $UWLFOH² 5LJKWWRHGXFDWLRQ
&XOWXUDO5LJKWV
 $UWLFOH² )UHHGRPRI %HOLHI DQG5HOLJLRQ
 $UWLFOH² 5LJKWWRSDUWLFLSDWHLQWKHFXOWXUDOOLIHRI FRPPXQLW\

7KH&RQYHQWLRQRQWKH(OLPLQDWLRQRI $OO)RUPVRI 


'LVFULPLQDWLRQ$JDLQVW:RPHQ
7KH&RQYHQWLRQRQWKH(OLPLQDWLRQRI $OO)RUPVRI 'LVFULPLQDWLRQ
$JDLQVW:RPHQ &('$: LVDOVRNQRZQDVWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO%XOORI 
5LJKWVIRU:RPHQDQGLVWKHRQO\LQWHUQDWLRQDOWUHDW\WKDWFRPSUHKHQ
VLYHO\DGGUHVVHVZRPHQ·VULJKWV7KXVLWIHDWXUHVZRPHQ·VULJKWVLQWKH
SROLWLFDOFLYLOHFRQRPLFVRFLDODQGFXOWXUDOVSKHUHV,WFDPHLQWRIRUFH
LQ 6HSWHPEHU  7KH 3KLOLSSLQHV LV D VLJQDWRU\ WR WKLV &RQYHQWLRQ
DORQJZLWKRWKHUVWDWHV

'LVFULPLQDWLRQDJDLQVWZRPHQKDVEHHQDORQJVWDQGLQJSUREOHPLQ
PDQ\ SDUWV RI  WKH ZRUOG 0DQ\ ZRPHQ KDYH VXIIHUHG LQGLJQLWLHV DQG
LQHTXDOLWLHVRQWKHEDVLVRI WKHLUVH[DQGWKHUHIRUHKDYHEHHQKDPSHUHG
IURPWKHIXOOHQMR\PHQWRI KXPDQULJKWVDQGIXQGDPHQWDOIUHHGRPV

$VH[SODLQHGE\D&('$:3ULPHUSXEOLVKHGE\81,)(0&('$:
6RXWKHDVW$VLD3URJUDPPHWKH&RQYHQWLRQKDVWKHIROORZLQJDLPV

‡ ,WDLPVWREULQJDERXWVXEVWDQWLYHHTXDOLW\RI ZRPHQ7KLVPHDQV
JRYHUQPHQWVDUHWDVNHGWREULQJLQDFWXDOUHVXOWVLQZRPHQ·VOLYHV
‡ ,WSURKLELWVDFWLRQVDQGSROLFLHVWKDWSXWZRPHQDWDGLVDGYDQWDJH
ZKDWHYHULWVLQWHQWLRQV
‡ ,WUHFRJQL]HVWKHLQÁXHQFHRI FXOWXUHDQGWUDGLWLRQRQUHVWULFW
LQJZRPHQ·VHQMR\PHQWRI WKHLUULJKWDQGFKDOOHQJHV6WDWHV3DU
WLHVWRFKDQJHVWHUHRW\SHVFXVWRPVDQGQRUPVWKDWGLVFULPLQDWH
DJDLQVWZRPHQ


Upholding Human Dignity

‡ ,W GLVFDUGV WKH GLVWLQFWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH SULYDWH DQG WKH SXE
OLF VSKHUHV E\ UHFRJQL]LQJ YLRODWLRQV RI  ZRPHQ LQ WKH SULYDWH
VSKHUHLHWKHKRPHDVYLRODWLRQVRI ZRPHQ·VKXPDQULJKWV

7KH WKLUW\ DUWLFOHV RI  WKH &RQYHQWLRQ DUH FRQGHQVHG EHORZ 5HDUGRQ


 

KEsEd/KEKEd,>/D/Ed/KEK&>>&KZD^K&
/^Z/D/Ed/KE'/E^dtKDE
ƌƟĐůĞϭ͘ĞĮŶŝƟŽŶŽĨĚŝƐĐƌŝŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ
ͻ ŶLJĚŝƐƟŶĐƟŽŶ͕ĞdžĐůƵƐŝŽŶŽƌƌĞƐƚƌŝĐƟŽŶŵĂĚĞŽŶƚŚĞďĂƐŝƐŽĨƐĞdž͕
ǁŚŝĐŚŚĂƐƚŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞŽƌĞīĞĐƚŽĨĚĞŶLJŝŶŐĞƋƵĂůĞdžĞƌĐŝƐĞŽĨŚƵͲ
ŵĂŶƌŝŐŚƚƐĂŶĚĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĨƌĞĞĚŽŵƐŝŶĂůůĨŽƌŵƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶĞŶͲ
ĚĞĂǀŽƌ
ƌƟĐůĞϮ͘WŽůŝĐLJŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐƚŽďĞƵŶĚĞƌƚĂŬĞŶƚŽĞůŝŵŝŶĂƚĞĚŝƐĐƌŝŵŝŶĂͲ
ƟŽŶ
ͻ ŵďŽĚLJƚŚĞƉƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞŽĨĞƋƵĂůŝƚLJŝŶŶĂƟŽŶĂůĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƐ͕ĐŽĚĞƐ
ŽƌŽƚŚĞƌůĂǁƐ͕ĞŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĞŝƌƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůƌĞĂůŝnjĂƟŽŶ
ƌƟĐůĞϯ͘'ƵĂƌĂŶƚĞĞƐďĂƐŝĐŚƵŵĂŶƌŝŐŚƚƐĂŶĚĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĨƌĞĞĚŽŵƐ
ŽŶĂŶĞƋƵĂůďĂƐŝƐǁŝƚŚŵĞŶ
ƌƟĐůĞϰ͘dĞŵƉŽƌĂƌLJƐƉĞĐŝĂůŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐƚŽĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĞƋƵĂůŝƚLJ
ͻ dĞŵƉŽƌĂƌLJƐƉĞĐŝĂůŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐŵĂLJďĞĂĚŽƉƚĞĚĂŶĚŵƵƐƚďĞĚŝƐĐŽŶͲ
ƟŶƵĞĚǁŚĞŶĞƋƵĂůŝƚLJŝƐĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĚ
ͻ WƌĂĐƟĐĞƐďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞŝŶĨĞƌŝŽƌŝƚLJŽƌƐƵƉĞƌŝŽƌŝƚLJŽĨĞŝƚŚĞƌƐĞdžƐŚĂůů
ďĞĞůŝŵŝŶĂƚĞĚ
ƌƟĐůĞϱ͘^ĞdžƌŽůĞƐĂŶĚƐƚĞƌĞŽƚLJƉŝŶŐ
ͻ ^ŽĐŝĂůĂŶĚĐƵůƚƵƌĂůƉĂƩĞƌŶƐŵƵƐƚďĞŵŽĚŝĮĞĚƚŽĞůŝŵŝŶĂƚĞƐĞdžͲƌŽůĞ
ƐƚĞƌĞŽƚLJƉĞƐĂŶĚŶŽƟŽŶƐŽĨŝŶĨĞƌŝŽƌŝƚLJŽƌƐƵƉĞƌŝŽƌŝƚLJŽĨĞŝƚŚĞƌƐĞdž
ͻ &ĂŵŝůLJĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐŚĂůůƚĞĂĐŚƚŚĂƚŵĞŶĂŶĚǁŽŵĞŶƐŚĂƌĞĂĐŽŵͲ
ŵŽŶƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚLJŝŶƚŚĞƌĂŝƐŝŶŐŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ
ƌƟĐůĞϲ͘WƌŽƐƟƚƵƟŽŶ
ͻ DĞĂƐƵƌĞƐƐŚĂůůďĞƚĂŬĞŶƚŽƐƵƉƉƌĞƐƐĂůůĨŽƌŵƐŽĨƚƌĂĸĐŝŶǁŽŵĞŶ
ĂŶĚĞdžƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶŽĨƉƌŽƐƟƚƵƟŽŶ


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

ƌƟĐůĞϳ͘WŽůŝƟĐĂůĂŶĚƉƵďůŝĐůŝĨĞ
ͻ dŚĞƌŝŐŚƚƚŽǀŽƚĞŝŶĂůůĞůĞĐƟŽŶƐĂŶĚďĞĞůŝŐŝďůĞĨŽƌĞůĞĐƟŽŶƚŽĂůů
ĞůĞĐƚĞĚďŽĚŝĞƐ
ͻ dŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞŝŶƚŚĞĨŽƌŵƵůĂƟŽŶŽĨŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƉŽůŝĐLJĂŶĚŚŽůĚ
ŽĸĐĞĂƚĂůůůĞǀĞůƐŽĨŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ
ͻ dŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞŝŶŶŽŶͲŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĂůŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶƐ
ƌƟĐůĞϴ͘WĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞů
ͻ dŚĞ ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚLJ ƚŽ ƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ Ăƚ ƚŚĞ ŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂů
ůĞǀĞůĂŶĚƚŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞŝŶŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶƐ
ƌƟĐůĞϵ͘EĂƟŽŶĂůŝƚLJ
ͻ ƋƵĂůƌŝŐŚƚƐƚŽĂĐƋƵŝƌĞ͕ĐŚĂŶŐĞŽƌƌĞƚĂŝŶƚŚĞŝƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůŝƚLJ
ͻ ƋƵĂůƌŝŐŚƚƐƚŽƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞŝƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ
ƌƟĐůĞϭϬ͘ƋƵĂůƌŝŐŚƚƐŝŶĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
ͻ ƋƵĂůĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚǀŽĐĂƟŽŶĂůŐƵŝĚĂŶĐĞ
ͻ ƋƵĂůŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚLJƚŽƐĐŚŽůĂƌƐŚŝƉƐĂŶĚŐƌĂŶƚƐ
ͻ ƋƵĂůĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽĐŽŶƟŶƵŝŶŐĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐůŝƚĞƌĂĐLJƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐ
ƌƟĐůĞϭϭ͘ŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ
ͻ dŚĞƐĂŵĞĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚƌŝŐŚƚƐĂƐŵĞŶ
ͻ &ƌĞĞĐŚŽŝĐĞŽĨƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶ͕ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ
ͻ ƋƵĂůƌĞŵƵŶĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͕ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐĞƋƵĂůƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚĂƐƚŽ
ǁŽƌŬŽĨĞƋƵĂůǀĂůƵĞ
ͻ ^ƉĞĐŝĂůƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĂŐĂŝŶƐƚŚĂƌŵĨƵůǁŽƌŬĚƵƌŝŶŐƉƌĞŐŶĂŶĐLJ
ƌƟĐůĞϭϮ͘,ĞĂůƚŚĐĂƌĞĂŶĚĨĂŵŝůLJƉůĂŶŶŝŶŐ
ͻ ƋƵĂůĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞƉƌĞŐŶĂŶĐLJƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐ
ƌƟĐůĞϭϯ͘ĐŽŶŽŵŝĐĂŶĚƐŽĐŝĂůďĞŶĞĮƚƐ
ͻ ƋƵĂůĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽĨĂŵŝůLJďĞŶĞĮƚƐ͖ůŽĂŶƐĂŶĚĐƌĞĚŝƚ
ͻ ƋƵĂůƌŝŐŚƚƚŽƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞŝŶƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶĂůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͕ƐƉŽƌƚƐ͕ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů
ůŝĨĞ
ƌƟĐůĞϭϰ͘ZƵƌĂůǁŽŵĞŶ
ͻ ZĞĐŽŐŶŝƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌƉƌŽďůĞŵƐŽĨƌƵƌĂůǁŽŵĞŶ͕ƚŚĞƐƉĞͲ
ĐŝĂůƌŽůĞƐƚŚĞLJƉůĂLJŝŶĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐƐƵƌǀŝǀĂůŽĨĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐĂŶĚŽĨƚŚĞŝƌ
ƵŶƉĂŝĚǁŽƌŬ


Upholding Human Dignity

ͻ ŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĞŝƌĞƋƵĂůƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƟŽŶŝŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ
ͻ ZŝŐŚƚƚŽĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞůŝǀŝŶŐĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ͖ŚŽƵƐŝŶŐ͕ƐĂŶŝƚĂƟŽŶ͕ĞůĞĐƚƌŝĐŝƚLJ͕
ǁĂƚĞƌ͕ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ͕ĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ
ƌƟĐůĞϭϱ͘ƋƵĂůŝƚLJďĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞůĂǁ
ͻ  'ƵĂƌĂŶƚĞĞŽĨƐĂŵĞůĞŐĂůĐĂƉĂĐŝƚLJĂƐŵĞŶ͖ƚŽĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ͕ĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚĞƌ
ƉƌŽƉĞƌƚLJ͕ĂƉƉĞĂƌŝŶĐŽƵƌƚŽƌďĞĨŽƌĞƚƌŝďƵŶĂůƐ
ͻ &ƌĞĞĚŽŵŽĨŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ͖ƌŝŐŚƚƚŽĐŚŽŽƐĞƌĞƐŝĚĞŶĐĞĂŶĚĚŽŵŝĐŝůĞ
ƌƟĐůĞϭϲ͘DĂƌƌŝĂŐĞĂŶĚĨĂŵŝůLJůĂǁ
ͻ  ƋƵĂůƌŝŐŚƚƐĂŶĚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐǁŝƚŚŵĞŶŝŶŵĂƌƌŝĂŐĞĂŶĚĨĂŵŝůLJ
ƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐ
ͻ  dŚĞƌŝŐŚƚƚŽĨƌĞĞůLJĞŶƚĞƌŝŶƚŽŵĂƌƌŝĂŐĞĂŶĚĐŚŽŽƐĞĂƐƉŽƵƐĞ
ƌƟĐůĞƐϭϳʹϮϮ;ĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĞĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚĂŶĚĨƵŶĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŽŵŵŝƚͲ
ƚĞĞŽŶƚŚĞůŝŵŝŶĂƟŽŶŽĨŝƐĐƌŝŵŝŶĂƟŽŶŐĂŝŶƐƚtŽŵĞŶ;tͿ
ƌƟĐůĞƐϮϯʹϯϬ;ĚĞƚĂŝůƚŚĞĂĚŵŝŶŝƐƚƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶͿ

%HFDXVH RI  WKH &('$: WKH 3KLOLSSLQH JRYHUQPHQW KDV HQDFWHG


ODZV WR SURWHFW ZRPHQ 7KHVH DUH 5$  ´$QWL6H[XDO +DUDVVPHQW
$FWµ5$´$QWL5DSH/DZµ5$´5DSH9LFWLP$VVLVWDQFHDQG
3URWHFWLRQ$FWµ5$´$QWL7UDIÀFNLQJLQ3HUVRQV$FWµ5$
´$QWL9LROHQFH$JDLQVW:RPHQDQG&KLOGUHQ$FWµDQG5$´0DJ
QD&DUWDRI :RPHQµ:RPHQ·VGHVNVKDYHDOVREHHQHVWDEOLVKHGLQWKH
3KLOLSSLQH1DWLRQDO3ROLFH'HSDUWPHQWRI 6RFLDO:HOIDUHDQG'HYHORS
PHQW'HSDUWPHQWRI +HDOWKDQGLQRWKHUJRYHUQPHQWXQLWV

,QUHFHQW\HDUVWKH8QLWHG1DWLRQV6HFXULW\&RXQFLOKDVLVVXHGWZR
ODQGPDUN 5HVROXWLRQV WKDW XSKROG WKH ULJKWV RI  ZRPHQ 7KH ÀUVW RI 
WKHVHLV815HVROXWLRQWKDWZDVDGRSWHGE\WKH6HFXULW\&RXQFLO
RQ2FWREHUDQGWKHVHFRQGLV815HVROXWLRQDGRSWHGE\
WKH6HFXULW\&RXQFLORQ-XQH

7KHPDLQSRLQWVRI 815HVROXWLRQDUHWKHIROORZLQJ
‡ 0HPEHUVWDWHVDUHXUJHGWRHQVXUHLQFUHDVHGUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRI 


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

ZRPHQDWDOOGHFLVLRQNLQJOHYHOV QDWLRQDOUHJLRQDODQGLQWHUQD
WLRQDO IRUWKHSUHYHQWLRQPDQDJHPHQWDQGUHVROXWLRQRI FRQ
ÁLFW

‡ 7KH816HFUHWDU\*HQHUDOLVXUJHGWRH[SDQGWKHUROHDQGFRQ
WULEXWLRQRI ZRPHQLQ81RSHUDWLRQVDVVSHFLDOHQYR\VDVZHOO
DVLQSHDFHNHHSLQJDQGSHDFHEXLOGLQJPHDVXUHV

‡ $OODFWRUVLQYROYHGDUHXUJHGZKHQQHJRWLDWLQJDQGLPSOHPHQW
LQJ SHDFH DJUHHPHQWV WR DGRSW D JHQGHU SHUVSHFWLYH LQFOXGLQJ
WKHVSHFLDOQHHGVRI ZRPHQDQGJLUOVGXULQJSRVWFRQÁLFWUHFRQ
VWUXFWLRQDQGPHDVXUHVWKDWVXSSRUWORFDOZRPHQ·VSHDFHLQLWLD
WLYHV

$OOSDUWLHVWRDUPHGFRQÁLFWDUHFDOOHGXSRQWRUHVSHFWIXOO\LQWHU
QDWLRQDOODZDSSOLFDEOHWRWKHSURWHFWLRQRI ZRPHQDQGJLUOVLQFOXGLQJ
DJDLQVWJHQGHUEDVHGYLROHQFHVXFKDVUDSHDQGVH[XDODEXVHHWF

815HVROXWLRQFRQWDLQVWKHIROORZLQJPDLQSURYLVLRQVDPRQJ
RWKHUV

‡ ,WGHPDQGVIURPDOOSDUWLHVWRDUPHGFRQÁLFWWKHLPPHGLDWHFHV
VDWLRQ RI  DOO DFWV RI  VH[XDO YLROHQFH DJDLQVW FLYLOLDQV DQG WKHLU
SURWHFWLRQ DJDLQVW WKH VDPH E\ HQIRUFLQJ GLVFLSOLQDU\ PHDVXUHV
DQGXSKROGLQJWKHSULQFLSOHRI FRPPDQGUHVSRQVLELOLW\
‡ ,WQRWHVWKDWUDSHDQGRWKHUIRUPVRI VH[XDOYLROHQFHFDQFRQVWL
WXWHDZDUFULPHDFULPHDJDLQVWKXPDQLW\RUDFRQVWLWXWLYHDFW
ZLWKUHVSHFWWRJHQRFLGHDQGVWUHVVHVWKHQHHGIRUWKHH[FOXVLRQ
RI  VH[XDO YLROHQFH FULPHV IURP DPQHVW\ SURYLVLRQV LQ FRQÁLFW
UHVROXWLRQSURFHVVHVDQGFDOOVXSRQPHPEHUVWDWHVWRSURVHFXWH
SHUVRQVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUVXFKDFWVDQGWRSURWHFWWKHYLFWLPV
‡ ,WUHTXHVWVWKH6HFUHWDU\*HQHUDOWRWDNHWKHQHFHVVDU\PHDVXUHV
WRSUHYHQWDQG
‡ UHVSRQGWRVH[XDOYLROHQFHE\WUDLQLQJ81SHDFHNHHSLQJDQGKX


Upholding Human Dignity

PDQLWDULDQSHUVRQQHOE\GHYHORSLQJJXLGHOLQHVDQGVWUDWHJLHVWR
SURWHFWFLYLOLDQVE\FRQVXOWLQJZLWKZRPHQDQGZRPHQOHGRU
JDQL]DWLRQVE\LQFOXGLQJZRPHQLQGLVFXVVLRQVSHUWLQHQWWRSUH
YHQWLRQDQGUHVROXWLRQRI FRQÁLFWHWF
‡ ,WVWUHVVHVWKHLPSRUWDQWUROHRI WKH3HDFHEXLOGLQJ&RPPLVVLRQ
E\LQFOXGLQJLQLWVDGYLFHIRUSRVWFRQÁLFWSHDFHEXLOGLQJZD\VWR
DGGUHVVVH[XDOYLROHQFHFRPPLWWHGGXULQJDQGLQWKHDIWHUPDWK
RI DUPHGFRQÁLFW

‡ ,WXUJHVDOOSDUWLHVFRQFHUQHGLQFOXGLQJPHPEHUVWDWHV81UH
JLRQDODQGVXEUHJLRQDOERGLHVWRSURYLGHDVVLVWDQFHWRYLFWLPVRI 
VH[XDOYLROHQFHLQDUPHGFRQÁLFWDQGSRVWFRQÁLFWVLWXDWLRQV

7KHIRUHJRLQJDUHSRVLWLYHGHYHORSPHQWVWKDWVKRXOGKHOSVWUHQJWKHQ
WKHSURWHFWLRQDQGSURPRWLRQRI ZRPHQ·VULJKWV,QWKH3KLOLSSLQHVD
1DWLRQDO$FWLRQ3ODQRQ:RPHQ3HDFHDQG6HFXULW\,PSOHPHQWLQJWKH
816&5VDQG 1$3 ZDVIRUPXODWHGLQDQGODXQFKHGLQ
0DUFK,WLVWKHÀUVW1$3LQ$VLDDQGRQHRI LWVGLVWLQFWLYHIHDWXUHV
LVWKHLQFOXVLRQRI WKHVPDOODUPVLVVXHEHFDXVHRI WKHXVHRI JXQVDV
WRROVRI YLROHQFHDJDLQVWZRPHQ,QGHHGODXQFKLQJWKLV1$3LVDPLOH
VWRQHDQGLWVLPSOHPHQWDWLRQLVQRZWKHIRFXVRI ZRPHQ·VDQGSHDFH
RUJDQL]DWLRQV+RZHYHUGHVSLWHWKHHIIRUWVRI WKH81JRYHUQPHQWDQG
QRQJRYHUQPHQW RUJDQL]DWLRQV WKH HOLPLQDWLRQ RI  GLVFULPLQDWRU\ DQG
YLROHQW SUDFWLFHV DJDLQVW ZRPHQ LV D FRQWLQXLQJ FKDOOHQJH WKURXJKRXW
WKHZRUOG

&RQYHQWLRQRQWKH5LJKWVRI WKH&KLOG
7KH&RQYHQWLRQRQWKH5LJKWVRI WKH&KLOG &5& ZDVDGRSWHGE\WKH
81 *HQHUDO $VVHPEO\ LQ  DQG HQWHUHG LQWR IRUFH LQ 6HSWHPEHU
,WLVDVLJQLÀFDQWGRFXPHQWEHFDXVHLWUHFRJQL]HVIRUWKHÀUVWWLPH
WKHFKLOGUHQ·VULJKWVDVDGLVWLQFWKXPDQULJKWVFDWHJRU\WKDWVKRXOGEH
SURWHFWHGDQGSURPRWHG


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

7KHDUWLFOHVRI WKH&5&GHVFULEHFDWHJRULHVRI ULJKWV KWWS


ZZZFZFJRYSK 

 6XUYLYDOULJKWVFRYHUDFKLOG·VULJKWWROLIHDQGWKHQHHGVWKDWDUH
PRVWEDVLFWRH[LVWHQFH,WVWDUWVIURPWKHWLPHRI FRQFHSWLRQ
8SRQELUWKHYHU\FKLOGVKRXOGHQMR\WKHEDVLFULJKWWRKHDOWKDQG
QXWULWLRQ

 'HYHORSPHQWULJKWVLQFOXGHZKDWFKLOGUHQUHTXLUHWRUHDFKWKHLU
IXOOHVWSRWHQWLDO,WHQFRPSDVVHVIUHHGRPRI WKRXJKWFRQVFLHQFH
DQGUHOLJLRQDFFHVVWRDSSURSULDWHLQIRUPDWLRQDQGWKHULJKWWR
HGXFDWLRQOHLVXUHUHFUHDWLRQDQGFXOWXUDODFWLYLWLHV

 3URWHFWLRQULJKWVUHFRJQL]HWKHYXOQHUDELOLW\RI FKLOGUHQE\SUH


VHUYLQJ WKHLU LGHQWLW\ DQG QDWLRQDOLW\ DV ZHOO DV SURYLGLQJ VDIH
JXDUGVDJDLQVWDEXVHQHJOHFWFKLOGODERUGUXJDEXVHVH[XDOH[
SORLWDWLRQVDOHDQGWUDIÀFNLQJWRUWXUHDQGGHSULYDWLRQRI OLEHUW\
DQGDUPHGFRQÁLFW

 3DUWLFLSDWLRQULJKWVDOORZFKLOGUHQWRWDNHDQDFWLYHUROHLQWKHLU
FRPPXQLWLHVDQGQDWLRQV

/LVWHGEHORZLVDQDEEUHYLDWHGYHUVLRQRI WKH&5&


hE/sZ^>>Zd/KEK&,hDEZ/',d^

Upholding Human Dignity

KEsEd/KEKEd,Z/',d^K&d,,/>
ƌƟĐůĞϭ͘ĞĮŶŝƟŽŶŽĨĐŚŝůĚ
ͻ  ǀĞƌLJŚƵŵĂŶďĞŝŶŐďĞůŽǁϭϴLJĞĂƌƐƵŶůĞƐƐŵĂũŽƌŝƚLJŝƐĂƩĂŝŶĞĚĞĂƌͲ
ůŝĞƌĂĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞůĂǁĂƉƉůŝĐĂďůĞƚŽƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϮ͘EŽŶͲĚŝƐĐƌŝŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ
ͻ  dŚĞ^ƚĂƚĞŵƵƐƚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚĂŐĂŝŶƐƚĂůůĨŽƌŵƐŽĨĚŝƐĐƌŝŵŝŶĂƟŽŶ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϯ͘ĞƐƚŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐŽĨƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚ
ͻ  ĞƐƚŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐŽĨƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚƐŚĂůůďĞĂŵĂũŽƌĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϰ͘/ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨƌŝŐŚƚƐ
ͻ  dŚĞŽďůŝŐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ^ƚĂƚĞƚŽĞŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚƐŝŶƚŚĞŽŶǀĞŶͲ
ƟŽŶĂƌĞŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϱ͘WĂƌĞŶƚƐ͕ĨĂŵŝůLJ͕ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ͕ƌŝŐŚƚƐĂŶĚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐ
ͻ  ^ƚĂƚĞƐĂƌĞƚŽƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƚŚĞƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĂŶĚĨĂŵŝůLJŝŶƚŚĞŝƌĐŚŝůĚͲƌĞĂƌŝŶŐ
ĨƵŶĐƟŽŶ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϲ͘>ŝĨĞ͕ƐƵƌǀŝǀĂů͕ĂŶĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ
ͻ  dŚĞ^ƚĂƚĞŵƵƐƚĞŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚ͛ƐƐƵƌǀŝǀĂůĂŶĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϳ͘EĂŵĞĂŶĚŶĂƟŽŶĂůŝƚLJ
dŚĞƌŝŐŚƚĨƌŽŵďŝƌƚŚƚŽĂŶĂŵĞ͕ƚŽĂĐƋƵŝƌĞĂŶĂƟŽŶĂůŝƚLJĂŶĚƚŽŬŶŽǁ
ĂŶĚďĞĐĂƌĞĚĨŽƌďLJŚŝƐŽƌŚĞƌƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϴ͘WƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶŽĨŝĚĞŶƟƚLJ
ͻ  ^ƚĂƚĞŵƵƐƚĂƐƐŝƐƚƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚŝŶƌĞĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŝŶŐŝĚĞŶƟƚLJŝĨƚŚŝƐŚĂƐďĞĞŶ
ŝůůĞŐĂůůLJǁŝƚŚĚƌĂǁŶ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϵ͘EŽŶͲƐĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ
ͻ  dŚĞ^ƚĂƚĞŵƵƐƚŝŶĨŽƌŵƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚŽƌƉĂƌĞŶƚƐĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞǁŚĞƌĞĂďŽƵƚƐ
ŽĨƚŚĞŵŝƐƐŝŶŐĨĂŵŝůLJŵĞŵďĞƌ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϭϬ͘&ĂŵŝůLJƌĞƵŶŝĮĐĂƟŽŶ
ͻ  ĐŚŝůĚŚĂƐƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚƚŽŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶƌĞŐƵůĂƌĐŽŶƚĂĐƚǁŝƚŚďŽƚŚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ
ǁŚĞŶƚŚĞƐĞůŝǀĞŝŶĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϭϭ͘/ůůŝĐŝƚƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌĂŶĚŶŽŶͲƌĞƚƵƌŶŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ
ͻ  dŚĞ^ƚĂƚĞƐŚĂůůĐŽŵďĂƚĐŚŝůĚŬŝĚŶĂƉƉŝŶŐďLJĂƉĂƌĞŶƚŽƌďLJĂƚŚŝƌĚ
ƉĂƌƚLJ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϭϮ͘džƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶŽĨŽƉŝŶŝŽŶ
ͻ  dŚĞƌŝŐŚƚŽĨƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚƚŽĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŚŝƐŽƌŚĞƌŽƉŝŶŝŽŶĂŶĚƚŽŚĂǀĞƚŚŝƐ
ƚĂŬĞŶŝŶƚŽĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶ͘


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

ƌƟĐůĞϭϯ͘&ƌĞĞĚŽŵŽĨĞdžƉƌĞƐƐŝŽŶĂŶĚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ
ͻ  dŚĞƌŝŐŚƚƚŽƐĞĞŬ͕ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĂŶĚŝŵƉĂƌƚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝŶǀĂƌŝŽƵƐĨŽƌŵƐ͕
ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐĂƌƚ͕ƉƌŝŶƚ͕ǁƌŝƟŶŐ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϭϰ͘&ƌĞĞĚŽŵŽĨƚŚŽƵŐŚƚ͕ĐŽŶƐĐŝĞŶĐĞĂŶĚƌĞůŝŐŝŽŶ
ͻ  ^ƚĂƚĞƐ ĂƌĞƚŽ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƚƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚƐĂŶĚ ĚƵƟĞƐ ŽĨ ƉĂƌĞŶƚƐƚŽ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ
ĚŝƌĞĐƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚŝŶƚŚĞĞdžĞƌĐŝƐĞŽĨƚŚŝƐƌŝŐŚƚŝŶĂĐĐŽƌĚĂŶĐĞǁŝƚŚ
ƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚ͛ƐĞǀŽůǀŝŶŐĐĂƉĂĐŝƟĞƐ͘
ͻ  dŚĞĐŚŝůĚ͛ƐƌŝŐŚƚƚŽĨƌĞĞĚŽŵŽĨĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƉĞĂĐĞĨƵůĂƐƐĞŵďůLJ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϭϲ͘WƌŝǀĂĐLJ͕ŚŽŶŽƌ͕ƌĞƉƵƚĂƟŽŶ
ͻ  EŽ ĐŚŝůĚ ƐŚĂůů ďĞ ƐƵďũĞĐƚĞĚ ƚŽ ŝŶƚĞƌĨĞƌĞŶĐĞ ǁŝƚŚ ƉƌŝǀĂĐLJ͕ ĨĂŵŝůLJ͕
ŚŽŵĞŽƌĐŽƌƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞŶĐĞ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϭϳ͘ĐĐĞƐƐƚŽŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŵĞĚŝĂ
ͻ  dŚĞĐŚŝůĚƐŚĂůůŚĂǀĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ͖ĚƵĞĂƩĞŶƟŽŶƐŚĂůůďĞ
ƉĂŝĚƚŽƉƌŽƚĞĐƚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĨƌŽŵŚĂƌŵĨƵůŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů͘
ƌƟĐůĞϭϴ͘WĂƌĞŶƚĂůƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚLJ
ͻ  ŽƚŚƉĂƌĞŶƚƐŚĂǀĞĐŽŵŵŽŶƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞƵƉďƌŝŶŐŝŶŐŽĨ
ƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚĂŶĚĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞƐŚĂůůďĞŐŝǀĞŶƚŽƚŚĞŵŝŶƚŚĞƉĞƌĨŽƌŵĂŶĐĞ
ŽĨƚŚĞƉĂƌĞŶƚĂůƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƟĞƐ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϭϵ͘ďƵƐĞĂŶĚŶĞŐůĞĐƚ;ǁŚŝůĞŝŶĨĂŵŝůLJŽƌ΀ŽƚŚĞƌ΁ĐĂƌĞͿ
ͻ  ^ƚĂƚĞƐ ŚĂǀĞ ƚŚĞ ŽďůŝŐĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƚ ĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ ĨƌŽŵ Ăůů ĨŽƌŵƐ ŽĨ
ĂďƵƐĞ͘^ŽĐŝĂůƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐƐŚĂůůďĞŵĂĚĞĂǀĂŝůͲ
ĂďůĞ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϮϬ͘ůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞĐĂƌĞĨŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶŝŶƚŚĞĂďƐĞŶĐĞŽĨƉĂƌĞŶƚƐ
ͻ  dŚĞ^ƚĂƚĞƐŚĂůůƉĂLJĚƵĞƌĞŐĂƌĚƚŽĐŽŶƟŶƵŝƚLJŝŶƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚ͛ƐƌĞůŝŐŝŽƵƐ͕
ĐƵůƚƵƌĂů͕ůŝŶŐƵŝƐƟĐ͕ŽƌĞƚŚŶŝĐďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚŝŶƚŚĞƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶŽĨĂůƚĞƌͲ
ŶĂƟǀĞĐĂƌĞ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϮϭ͘ĚŽƉƟŽŶ
ͻ  ^ƚĂƚĞƐĂƌĞƚŽĞŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĂƚŽŶůLJĂƵƚŚŽƌŝnjĞĚďŽĚŝĞƐĐĂƌƌLJŽƵƚĂĚŽƉͲ
ƟŽŶ͘/ŶƚĞƌͲĐŽƵŶƚƌLJĂĚŽƉƟŽŶŵĂLJďĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚŽŶůLJŝĨŶĂƟŽŶĂůƐŽͲ
ůƵƟŽŶƐŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĞdžŚĂƵƐƚĞĚ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϮϮ͘ZĞĨƵŐĞĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ
ͻ  ^ƉĞĐŝĂůƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŝƐƚŽďĞŐŝǀĞŶƚŽƌĞĨƵŐĞĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ͘^ƚĂƚĞƐƐŚĂůů


Upholding Human Dignity

ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƚĞǁŝƚŚŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐƚŽƚŚŝƐĞŶĚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƚŽƌĞͲ
ƵŶŝƚĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƐĞƉĂƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŝƌĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϮϯ͘ŝƐĂďůĞĚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ
ͻ  dŚĞƌŝŐŚƚƚŽďĞŶĞĮƚĨƌŽŵƐƉĞĐŝĂůĐĂƌĞĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĨŽƌĂĨƵůůĞƌůŝĨĞ
ŝŶƐŽĐŝĞƚLJ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϮϰ͘,ĞĂůƚŚĐĂƌĞ
ͻ  ĐĐĞƐƐƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƟǀĞĂŶĚĐƵƌĂƟǀĞŚĞĂůƚŚĐĂƌĞƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐ
ƚŚĞŐƌĂĚƵĂůĂďŽůŝƟŽŶŽĨƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐŚĂƌŵĨƵůƚŽƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϮϱ͘WĞƌŝŽĚŝĐƌĞǀŝĞǁ
ͻ  dŚĞĐŚŝůĚǁŚŽŝƐƉůĂĐĞĚĨŽƌĐĂƌĞ͕ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ͕ŽƌƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚŚĂƐƚŚĞ
ƌŝŐŚƚƚŽŚĂǀĞƚŚĞƉůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚƌĞǀŝĞǁĞĚŽŶĂƌĞŐƵůĂƌďĂƐŝƐ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϮϲ͘^ŽĐŝĂůƐĞĐƵƌŝƚLJ
ͻ  dŚĞĐŚŝůĚ͛ƐƌŝŐŚƚƚŽƐŽĐŝĂůƐĞĐƵƌŝƚLJ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϮϳ͘^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŽĨůŝǀŝŶŐ
ͻ  WĂƌĞŶƚĂů ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďŝůŝƚLJ ƚŽ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ĂĚĞƋƵĂƚĞ ůŝǀŝŶŐ ĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐ ĨŽƌ
ƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚ͛ƐĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϮϴ͘ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
ͻ  dŚĞƌŝŐŚƚƚŽĨƌĞĞƉƌŝŵĂƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ƚŚĞĂǀĂŝůĂďŝůŝƚLJŽĨǀŽĐĂƟŽŶĂů
ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞŶĞĞĚĨŽƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐƚŽƌĞĚƵĐĞƚŚĞĚƌŽƉŽƵƚƌĂƚĞƐ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϮϵ͘ŝŵƐŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
ͻ  ĚƵĐĂƟŽŶƐŚŽƵůĚĨŽƐƚĞƌƚŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚ͛ƐƉĞƌƐŽŶĂůŝƚLJ
ĂŶĚ ƚĂůĞŶƚƐ͕ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ Ă ƌĞƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞ ĂĚƵůƚ ůŝĨĞ͕ ĂŶĚ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƚ
ĨŽƌŚƵŵĂŶƌŝŐŚƚƐĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƚŚĞĐƵůƚƵƌĂůĂŶĚŶĂƟŽŶĂůǀĂůƵĞƐŽĨƚŚĞ
ĐŚŝůĚ͛ƐĐŽƵŶƚƌLJĂŶĚƚŚĂƚŽĨŽƚŚĞƌƐ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϯϬ͘ŚŝůĚƌĞŶŽĨŵŝŶŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚŝŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ
ͻ  dŚĞƌŝŐŚƚŽĨƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚďĞůŽŶŐŝŶŐƚŽĂŵŝŶŽƌŝƚLJŽƌŝŶĚŝŐĞŶŽƵƐŐƌŽƵƉ
ƚŽĞŶũŽLJŚŝƐŽƌŚĞƌĐƵůƚƵƌĞ͕ƚŽƉƌĂĐƟĐĞŚŝƐŽƌŚĞƌƌĞůŝŐŝŽŶĂŶĚƚŽƵƐĞ
ŚŝƐŽƌŚĞƌŽǁŶůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϯϭ͘WůĂLJĂŶĚƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ
ͻ  dŚĞƌŝŐŚƚŽĨƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚƚŽƉůĂLJ͕ƚŽƌĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶĂůĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƚŽƉĂƌͲ
ƟĐŝƉĂƚĞŝŶĐƵůƚƵƌĂůĂŶĚĂƌƟƐƟĐůŝĨĞ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϯϮ͘WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐĞdžƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶ


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

ͻ  ZŝŐŚƚ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŚŝůĚ ƚŽ ƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ ĂŐĂŝŶƐƚ ĞdžƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ŚĂƌŵĨƵů
ĨŽƌŵƐŽĨǁŽƌŬ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϯϯ͘WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĨƌŽŵŶĂƌĐŽƟĐĂŶĚƉƐLJĐŚŽƚƌŽƉŝĐƐƵďƐƚĂŶĐĞƐ
ͻ  WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚĨƌŽŵŝůůŝĐŝƚƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƐƵďƐƚĂŶĐĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞ
ƵƟůŝnjĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚŝŶƚŚĞŝƌƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶĂŶĚĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϯϰ͘WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƐĞdžƵĂůĞdžƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶ
ͻ  WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚĨƌŽŵƐĞdžƵĂůĞdžƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƉƌŽƐƟƚƵͲ
ƟŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶŝŶƉŽƌŶŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůƐ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϯϱ͘WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĨƌŽŵĂďĚƵĐƟŽŶ͕ƐĂůĞĂŶĚƚƌĂĸĐ
ͻ  ^ƚĂƚĞŽďůŝŐĂƟŽŶƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚƚŚĞĂďĚƵĐƟŽŶ͕ƐĂůĞŽĨŽƌƚƌĂĸĐŝŶĐŚŝůͲ
ĚƌĞŶ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϯϲ͘WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĨƌŽŵŽƚŚĞƌĨŽƌŵƐŽĨĞdžƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶ
ƌƟĐůĞϯϳ͘WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŽƌƚƵƌĞ͕ĐĂƉŝƚĂůƉƵŶŝƐŚŵĞŶƚ͕ĚĞƉƌŝǀĂƟŽŶ
ŽĨůŝďĞƌƚLJ
ͻ  KďůŝŐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞ^ƚĂƚĞǀŝƐͲăͲǀŝƐĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶŝŶĚĞƚĞŶƟŽŶ
ƌƟĐůĞϯϴ͘WƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĂŐĂŝŶƐƚĂƌŵĞĚĐŽŶŇŝĐƚƐ
ͻ  ŚŝůĚƌĞŶƵŶĚĞƌϭϱLJĞĂƌƐĂƌĞŶŽƚƚŽƚĂŬĞĂĚŝƌĞĐƚƉĂƌƚŝŶŚŽƐƟůŝƟĞƐ͘
EŽƌĞĐƌƵŝƚŵĞŶƚŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƵŶĚĞƌϭϱ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϯϵ͘ZĞĐŽǀĞƌLJĂŶĚƌĞŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ
ͻ  ^ƚĂƚĞ ŽďůŝŐĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ƌĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ ĂŶĚ ƐŽĐŝĂů ƌĞŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ
ĐŚŝůĚǀŝĐƟŵƐŽĨĞdžƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶ͕ƚŽƌƚƵƌĞ͕ŽƌĂƌŵĞĚĐŽŶŇŝĐƚƐ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϰϬ͘:ƵǀĞŶŝůĞũƵƐƟĐĞ
ͻ  dƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚŽĨĂŶĂĐĐƵƐĞĚĐŚŝůĚƐŚĂůůƉƌŽŵŽƚĞƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚ͛ƐƐĞŶƐĞŽĨ
ĚŝŐŶŝƚLJ͘
ƌƟĐůĞϰϭ͘ZŝŐŚƚƐŽĨƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚŝŶŽƚŚĞƌŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐ
ƌƟĐůĞϰϮ͘ŝƐƐĞŵŝŶĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶ
ͻ  dŚĞ^ƚĂƚĞ͛ƐĚƵƚLJƚŽŵĂŬĞƚŚĞŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶŬŶŽǁŶƚŽĂĚƵůƚƐĂŶĚĐŚŝůͲ
ĚƌĞŶ͘
ƌƟĐůĞƐϰϯͲϱϰ͘/ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ
ͻ  dŚĞƐĞ ƉĂƌĂŐƌĂƉŚƐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ĨŽƌ Ă ŽŵŵŝƩĞĞ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ZŝŐŚƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ
ŚŝůĚƚŽŽǀĞƌƐĞĞŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶ͘


Upholding Human Dignity

5LJKWVDQG5HVSRQVLELOLWLHV
:KLOHZHH[SHFWRXUULJKWVWREHUHVSHFWHGSURWHFWHGDQGSURPRWHG
ZHVKRXOGDOVREHZLOOLQJWRXQGHUWDNHWKHFRUUHVSRQGLQJUHVSRQVLELOL
WLHV:HFDQQRWWKLQNRQO\RI WKHSURPRWLRQRI RXURZQULJKWVZLWKRXW
WKLQNLQJRI WKHULJKWVRI RWKHUV:KHQZHH[HUFLVHRXUULJKWVZHQHHGWR
WDNHFDUHWKDWZHGRQRWYLRODWHRUGHQ\RWKHUSHRSOH·VULJKWV

)RUH[DPSOHDVDWHDFKHUZRUNLQJIRUDQGZLWKDQHGXFDWLRQDOLQ
VWLWXWLRQRUDFDGHPLFFRPPXQLW\LWLV\RXUULJKWWRUHFHLYHDIDLUZDJH
DVZHOODVWRZRUNXQGHUFLUFXPVWDQFHVWKDWDOORZIUHHGRPRI H[SUHV
VLRQDQGIUHHGRPIURPGLVFULPLQDWLRQDQGKDUDVVPHQW+RZHYHULWLV
DOVR\RXUUHVSRQVLELOLW\WRJLYH\RXUEHVWHIIRUWVDQGWRFRQWULEXWH\RXU
SHUVRQDOZLWQHVVWRUHVSHFWLQJRWKHUSHRSOH·VYLHZVDQGZD\VRI OLIHWKDW
PD\EHGLIIHUHQWIURP\RXUV/LNHZLVH\RXQHHGWRWUHDW\RXUFROOHDJXHV
DQGVWXGHQWVZLWKUHVSHFWDWDOOWLPHV

7HDFKLQJ/HDUQLQJ,GHDV
:KHQ WHDFKLQJ DERXW KXPDQ GLJQLW\ ´KRZ ZH WHDFK LV ZKDW ZH
WHDFKµ7KHSRLQWHUVOLVWHGEHORZUHPLQGXVWKDWOHDUQLQJWRXSKROGVWDQ
GDUGVRI KXPDQGLJQLW\DQGGHFHQF\E\VWXGHQWVEHJLQZLWKWKHWHDFKHU
DQGKRZVKHWHDFKHV )ORZHUV 

‡ 3URYLGH RSHQPLQGHG H[DPLQDWLRQ RI  KXPDQ ULJKWV FRQFHUQV


ZLWKRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUVWXGHQWVWRDUULYHDWSRVLWLRQVWKDWPD\EH
GLIIHUHQWIURPWKRVHRI WKHIDFLOLWDWRUWHDFKHU
‡ %HUHVSRQVLYHWRFRQFHUQVUHODWHGWRFXOWXUDOGLYHUVLW\$FWLYLWLHV
VKRXOG UHÁHFW D YDULHW\ RI  SHUVSHFWLYHV HJ UDFH JHQGHU UHOL
JLRQFXOWXUDOQDWLRQDOWUDGLWLRQV 
‡ %HFRQFHUQHGZLWKERWKFRQWHQWDQGOHDUQLQJSURFHVV,WLVGLI
ÀFXOWWRHQJDJHVWXGHQWVLQH[DPLQLQJLVVXHVUHODWHGWRULJKWVDQG
MXVWLFHLI WKHOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQW HJFODVVURRPFOLPDWH GRHV
QRWGHPRQVWUDWHUHVSHFWIRUKXPDQGLJQLW\DQGIDLUQHVV


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

‡ .HHSOHFWXULQJWRDPLQLPXP,QVWHDGXVHSDUWLFLSDWRU\PHWKRGVIRU
OHDUQLQJVXFKDVUROHSOD\VGLVFXVVLRQPRFNWULDOVJDPHVDQGVLPX
ODWLRQV
‡ $YRLGWRRPXFKIRFXVRQKXPDQULJKWVDEXVHV(PSKDVL]HKXPDQ
ULJKWVDVDSRVLWLYHYDOXHV\VWHPDQGDVWDQGDUGWRZKLFKHYHU\RQHLV
HQWLWOHG
‡ $IÀUPWKHEHOLHI WKDWWKHLQGLYLGXDOFDQPDNHDGLIIHUHQFHDQGSUR
YLGHH[DPSOHVRI LQGLYLGXDOVZKRKDYHGRQHVR
7RLQFUHDVHDZDUHQHVVDERXWWKHODQGPDUNKXPDQULJKWVGRFXPHQWV
HJ8'+5&('$:&5& VWXGHQWVFDQEHDVNHGWRUHDGRQWKHEDFN
JURXQGDQGFRQWHQWRI WKHVH)RUH[DPSOHDIWHUUHDGLQJWKH8'+5D
FODVVDFWLYLW\WKDWFDQIROORZZRXOGEHWKHFUHDWLRQRI D´+XPDQ5LJKWV
7UHHµ6WULSVRI SDSHULQWKHIRUPRI DOHDI ZLWKYDULRXVH[DPSOHVRI 
ULJKWVZULWWHQRQHDFKRQHZRXOGEHSDVVHGDURXQG7KHQWKHVWXGHQWV
ZLOOSLFNRQHVWULSOHDI HDFKDQGZLOOGLVFXVVWKHVHTXHVWLRQVLQG\DGV
WULDGVRUVPDOOJURXSVZLWKHDFKRQHIRFXVLQJRQWKHKXPDQULJKWVH[
DPSOHVKHJRW³

 'R,EHOLHYHWKDWHYHU\KXPDQEHLQJVKRXOGKDYHLW":K\RUZK\
QRW"
 )URPZKDW,KDYHREVHUYHGH[SHULHQFHGRUUHDGZKDWLVWKHVWD
WXVRI WKLVSDUWLFXODUULJKWLQWHUPVRI LWVSURPRWLRQRUYLRODWLRQ"
 :KDWFDQ,GRWRKHOSSURPRWHWKLVULJKW"7KHUHFDQEHDODUJH
JURXS RU SOHQDU\ VKDULQJ RQ WKH GLVFXVVLRQV IURP WKH VPDOO
JURXSV7RZDUGVWKHHQGWKHVWXGHQWVFDQJRWRWKHERDUGDQG
SRVWRQWKH+XPDQ5LJKWV7UHHWKHLUOHDYHVZLWKKXPDQULJKWV
H[DPSOHVPDNLQJVXUHWKHLUOHDYHVDUHSRVWHGRQWKHDSSURSUL
DWHEUDQFKHVZKLFKZHUHSUHYLRXVO\ODEHOHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHÀYH
PDMRUW\SHVRI ULJKWV7KHWHDFKHUJLYHVDV\QWKHVLVDQGIRFXVHV
RQFKDOOHQJLQJDQGHQFRXUDJLQJDFWLRQ6RPHDFWLRQSRVVLELOLWLHV
WKDW PD\ FRPH RXW WKH FODVV FDQ WKLQN RI  D VLPSOH DFWLYLW\ WR
PDUN+XPDQ5LJKWV'D\FHOHEUDWHGHYHU\'HFHPEHUWKHYHQ


Upholding Human Dignity

LI  LW LV QRW +XPDQ 5LJKWV 'D\ D UHVRXUFH SHUVRQ IURP D ORFDO
KXPDQULJKWV1*2FDQEHLQYLWHGVWXGHQWVFDQZULWHOHWWHUVDQG
VLPSOHSHWLWLRQVWRDXWKRULWLHVRQDFKRVHQKXPDQULJKWVLVVXH
7KH\FDQDOVRUHH[DPLQHWKHLURZQOLIHDQGOLIHVW\OHDQGVHHWKH
ZD\VE\ZKLFKWKH\PD\KDYHYLRODWHGRWKHUSHRSOH·VULJKWV7KH\
FDQEHHQFRXUDJHGWRVHHNKHOSIURPRWKHUUHODWLYHVRUIURPWKH
WHDFKHULQFDVHWKH\DUHH[SHULHQFLQJSHUVRQDOKXPDQULJKWVFKDO
OHQJHV HJPRWKHULVDEDWWHUHGZLIH 
7RKLJKOLJKWWKHSHUVSHFWLYHWKDWULJKWVVWDQGDUGVVKRXOGEHDF
FRPSDQLHG E\ VSHFLÀF UHVSRQVLELOLWLHV VWXGHQWV FDQ EH DVNHG
WR ÀUVW ZULWH GRZQ LQ EODQN PHWDFDUGV WKUHH ULJKWV ZKLFK WKH\
WKLQNWKH\VKRXOGKDYH$IWHUWKLVWKH\ZLOOZULWHGRZQLQVHSD
UDWHPHWDFDUGVWKHUHVSRQVLELOLWLHVWKDWWKHVHULJKWVHQWDLO7KHQ
WKHVWXGHQWVFDQGLVFXVVZKDWWKH\KDYHZULWWHQRQWKHLUPHWD
FDUGVZLWKDSDUWQHURUWZRXVLQJWKHIROORZLQJTXHVWLRQV$UH
WKH UHVSRQVLELOLWLHV UHDVRQDEOH DQG DSSURSULDWH WR WKH KXPDQ
ULJKWVLQGLFDWHG"+RZZRXOG\RXIHHOLI DSHUVRQOD\VFODLPWR
DULJKWEXWLVQRWZLOOLQJWRWDNHWKHUHODWHGUHVSRQVLELOLW\":KDW
DUHWKHFRQVHTXHQFHVZKHQWKLVLVWKHVLWXDWLRQ"2QDIUHHZDOO
RUEXOOHWLQERDUGWKHVWXGHQWVFDQSRVWWKHLU´5LJKWV·PHWDFDUGVµ
LQRQHFROXPQ FOXVWHUHGDVQHHGHG DQGLQWKHVHFRQGFROXPQ
WKHLUFRUUHVSRQGLQJ´5HVSRQVLELOLWLHV·PHWDFDUGVµ,QSOHQDU\WKH
WHDFKHUFDQDVNWKHVWXGHQWVWRJLYHWKHLURZQREVHUYDWLRQVDQG
UHÁHFWLRQVRQWKHOLVWVWKDWWKH\JHQHUDWHG3RVVLEOHTXHVWLRQVIRU
IXUWKHUGLVFXVVLRQ,VWKHUHDQ\ULJKWWKDW\RXIHHOKDVEHHQGHQLHG
WR\RX"+RZGR\RXIHHO":KRZDVLVUHVSRQVLEOHIRULWVGHQLDO"
7KHQWKHWHDFKHUFDQDVNWKHVWXGHQWVWRFKRRVHWKUHHULJKWVIURP
WKHOLVWWKDWWKH\EHOLHYHWKH\DUHFXUUHQWO\HQMR\LQJ7KHVWXGHQWV
WKHQVKDUHZLWKWKHLUSDUWQHURUVPDOOJURXSZKDWWKH\SODQWR
GRVRWKH\FDQDFFRPSDQ\WKHVHULJKWVZLWKUHVSRQVLELOLWLHV7KH
WHDFKHUHQFRXUDJHVWKHPWRUHDOO\FDUU\RXWWKHVHSODQV
)LQDOO\WRPRWLYDWHXQGHUVWDQGLQJDSSUHFLDWLRQDQGDFWLRQWKHVWR
ULHVRI KXPDQULJKWVPRGHOVFDQEHXVHG7KH\FDQEHKLVWRULFDOÀJXUHV
81 OHDGHUV UHOLJLRXV OHDGHUV SROLWLFDO OHDGHUV RU DGYRFDWHV 0DKDWPD


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

*DQGKL 0DUWLQ /XWKHU .LQJ -U %LVKRS 7XWX 2VFDU 5RPHUR 'DJ
+DPPDUVNMROG$XQJ6DQ6XX.\L5RVD3DUNVDQG5LJREHUWD0HQFKX
DUHVRPHH[DPSOHV'HSHQGLQJRQWKHOHYHORI WKHVWXGHQWVLWZRXOGEH
JRRGWRPDNHWKHPVHDUFKIRUPRGHOVLQWKHLURZQORFDODQGQDWLRQDO
FRPPXQLWLHV



PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

Šƒ’–‡”͸

&KDOOHQJLQJ3UHMXGLFHDQG
%XLOGLQJ7ROHUDQFH

+
XPDQV KDYH EHFRPH LQFUHDVLQJO\ XQNLQG WRZDUG WKRVH ZKR
GLIIHULQWHUPVRI UDFHHWKQLFLW\UHOLJLRQVH[JHQGHURUVRFLR
HFRQRPLF FODVV :H KDYH PDGH ´GLIIHUHQFHVµ DQ H[FXVH IRU
SUHMXGLFHDQGGLVFULPLQDWLRQ(WKQLFDQGUHOLJLRXVGLVFRUGVKDYHWXUQHG
LQWRIXOOEORZQDUPHGFRQÁLFWVZKLFKKDYHDQQLKLODWHGQXPHURXVOLYHV
+HQFHEXLOGLQJWROHUDQFHIRUGLYHUVLW\EHFRPHVDQLPSHUDWLYHLQDZRUOG
ZKHUHKDWUHGIRUGLIIHUHQFHVKDVEHFRPHDMXVWLÀFDWLRQIRUYLROHQFH

3UHMXGLFH LV WKH QHJDWLYH IHHOLQJ RU DWWLWXGH WRZDUGV D SHUVRQ RU D
JURXSHYHQLI LWODFNVEDVLV $OOSRUW 6WHUHRW\SHUHIHUVWRWKHQHJD
WLYHRSLQLRQDERXWDSHUVRQRUJURXSEDVHGRQLQFRPSOHWHNQRZOHGJH
'LVFULPLQDWLRQUHIHUVWRQHJDWLYHDFWLRQVWRZDUGPHPEHUVRI DVSHFLÀF
VRFLDOJURXSWKDWPD\EHPDQLIHVWHGLQDYRLGDQFHDYHUVLRQRUHYHQYLR
OHQFH )UDQ]RL 7KXVVWHUHRW\SHVEHLQJQHJDWLYHEHOLHIVDERXWD
JURXSFDQIRUPWKHEDVLVIRUSUHMXGLFLDOIHHOLQJVZKLFKLQWXUQPD\
OHDGWRQHJDWLYHDFWLRQRUWRGLVFULPLQDWLRQ

7KHRULHVRQ3UHMXGLFH
7KHUHDUHGLYHUVHWKHRULHVDVWRWKHRULJLQWUDQVPLVVLRQDQGPDLQWH
QDQFHRI SUHMXGLFH2QHVWURQJWKHRU\RQLWVFDXVHLVWKH6RFLDO/HDUQLQJ
7KHRU\ $OWHPH\HU 3UHMXGLFHLVVLPSO\SDVVHGDORQJVRPHWLPHV
IRU JHQHUDWLRQV DQG LV UHLQIRUFHG LQ YDULRXV LQVWLWXWLRQV LQFOXGLQJ WKH


Challenging Prejudice and Building Tolerance

IDPLO\VFKRRODQGPHGLD3UHMXGLFHLVVDLGWRVWHPDVZHOOIURPLJQR
UDQFHRUIURPODFNRI LQIRUPDWLRQ %HWOHKHP ,WPD\DOVREHGXH
WRRQH·VWHQGHQF\WRWKLQNKLJKO\RI RQHVHOI DQGRI WKHJURXSWRZKLFK
RQHEHORQJVUHVXOWLQJWRWKHGHQLJUDWLRQRI WKHDWWULEXWHVRI RWKHUVRXW
VLGHLW 6RFLDO,GHQWLW\7KHRU\7DMIHO 7XUQHU 

7\SHVRI 3UHMXGLFH
,QWKHEHJLQQLQJSUHMXGLFHZDVVLPSO\HTXDWHGZLWKUDFLVP+RZ
HYHURYHUWLPHLWZDVUHDOL]HGWKDWWKHUHZHUHRWKHUIRUPVRI SUHMXGLFH
7KXVWKHFRQFHSWRI SUHMXGLFHKDVH[SDQGHGDQGQRZLQFOXGHVWKHIRO
ORZLQJPDMRUW\SHV

5DFLVP³WKHEHOLHI WKDWRQH·VRZQFXOWXUDORUUDFLDOKHULWDJHLVLQ
QDWHO\VXSHULRUWRWKDWRI RWKHUVKHQFHWKHODFNRI UHVSHFWRUDSSUHFLD
WLRQIRUWKRVHZKREHORQJWRD´GLIIHUHQWUDFHµ
6H[LVP³DV\VWHPRI DWWLWXGHVDFWLRQVDQGLQVWLWXWLRQDOVWUXFWXUHV
WKDWVXERUGLQDWHVZRPHQRQWKHEDVLVRI WKHLUVH[ 0FJLQQLV 2HKO
EHUJ
+HWHURVH[LVP³QHJDWLYHDWWLWXGHVWRZDUGOHVELDQVDQGJD\PHQ
&ODVVLVP³GLVWDQFLQJIURPDQGSHUFHLYLQJWKHSRRUDV´WKHRWKHUµ
/RWW 
/LQJXLFLVP³QHJDWLYHDWWLWXGHVPHPEHUVRI GRPLQDQWODQJXDJH
JURXSVKROGDJDLQVWQRQGRPLQDQWODQJXDJHJURXSV &KHQ+D\HV&KHQ
$WKDUQG
$JHLVP³QHJDWLYHDWWLWXGHVKHOGDJDLQVWWKH\RXQJRUWKHHOGHUO\
´/RRNVLVPµ³SUHMXGLFHDJDLQVWWKRVHZKRGRQRWPHDVXUHXSWR
VHWVWDQGDUGVRI EHDXW\7KHXVXDOYLFWLPVDUHWKHRYHUZHLJKWWKHXQ
GHUVL]HGDQGWKHGDUNVNLQQHG 1DULR*DODFH
5HOLJLRXVLQWROHUDQFH³SUHMXGLFHDJDLQVWWKRVHZKRDUHIROORZHUV
RI UHOLJLRQVRWKHUWKDQRQH·VRZQ


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

(GXFDWLRQIRU7ROHUDQFH
3UHMXGLFHPD\EHFKDOOHQJHGE\WHDFKLQJWROHUDQFH7ROHUDQFHLVWKH
UHVSHFWDFFHSWDQFHDQGDSSUHFLDWLRQRI WKHULFKGLYHUVLW\RI FXOWXUHVDQG
YDULRXVIRUPVRI KXPDQH[SUHVVLRQ 81(6&2 ,WLVWKHIRXQGD
WLRQRI GHPRFUDF\DQGKXPDQULJKWV(GXFDWLRQIRUWROHUDQFHDLPVWR
FRXQWHULQÁXHQFHVWKDWOHDGWRIHDUDYHUVLRQWRZDUGVDQGH[FOXVLRQRI 
RWKHUV7ROHUDQFHUHFRJQL]HVWKDWRWKHUVKDYHWKHULJKWWREHZKRWKH\
DUH

:K\WHDFKWROHUDQFH"81(6&2DVVHUWVWKDWHGXFDWLRQLVWKHPRVW
HIIHFWLYHPHDQVRI SUHYHQWLQJLQWROHUDQFH7KHUHLVDQHHGIRUVFKRROV
WRHGXFDWHFLWL]HQVZKRDUHDSSUHFLDWLYHRI RWKHUFXOWXUHVUHVSHFWIXORI 
KXPDQGLJQLW\DQGGLIIHUHQFHVDQGDEOHWRSUHYHQWRUUHVROYHFRQÁLFWV
DPLFDEO\

'LVFUHGLWLQJKDWHIXOSURSDJDQGDWRZDUGVWKHGLIIHUHQWRWKHUWKURXJK
HGXFDWLRQLVDQLPSHUDWLYH0DMRUUHOLJLRXVWUDGLWLRQVFDOORQWKHLUÁRFN
WRWUHDWRWKHUVZLWKWKHVDPHUHVSHFWDQGGLJQLW\WKH\JLYHWKHPVHOYHV
0RUHVRWKHFDOOWRFKDOOHQJHSUHMXGLFHLVHQVKULQHGLQYDULRXVKXPDQ
ULJKWVLQVWUXPHQWV1DWLRQVWKURXJKLQWHUQDWLRQDODJUHHPHQWVDQGWUHD
WLHVKDYHDIÀUPHGWKHLUFRPPLWPHQWWRWKHSURWHFWLRQDQGSURPRWLRQ
RI KXPDQULJKWVVXFKDVWKHULJKWWRIUHHGRPRI WKRXJKWFRQVFLHQFHUH
OLJLRQRSLQLRQDQGH[SUHVVLRQ$UWLFOHRI WKH´'HFODUDWLRQRQ5DFH
DQG5DFLDO3UHMXGLFHµVWLSXODWHVWKDW´DOOLQGLYLGXDOVDQGJURXSVKDYHWKH
ULJKW WR EH GLIIHUHQWµ KWWSZZZXQHVFRRUJ  ,Q DGGLWLRQ HGXFDWLQJ
IRUWROHUDQFHLVDSUDFWLFDODOWHUQDWLYH,QWROHUDQFHKDVJLYHQULVHWRYLR
OHQFHWHUURULVPDQGGLVFULPLQDWLRQZLWKLQVRFLHWLHV$ODFNRI UHVSHFWIRU
GLIIHUHQFHVDPRQJRWKHUIDFWRUVKDVJLYHQULVHWRFRQÁLFWVEHWZHHQDQG
DPRQJJURXSVDVLQWKHFDVHVRI WKH&DWKROLFVDQG3URWHVWDQWVLQ1RUWK
HUQ,UHODQGWKH,VUDHOLVDQG3DOHVWLQLDQVLQ,VUDHOWKH%RVQLDQ6HUEVDQG
WKHHWKQLF$OEDQLDQVLQ.RVRYRWKH+XWXVDQG7XWVLVLQ5ZDQGDDQG
VRPH&KULVWLDQVDQG0RURVLQ0LQGDQDR7KH:RUOG+HDOWK2UJDQL]D
WLRQ  KDVSODFHGFDVXDOWLHVLQDUPHGFRQÁLFWVDWRQHSHUVRQHYHU\


Challenging Prejudice and Building Tolerance

VHFRQGV7HDFKLQJIRUWROHUDQFHZLOODLGLQSURWHFWLQJKXPDQULJKWV
DQGLQVDYLQJOLYHV

,QVFKRROVSUHMXGLFHLVVHHQWRKDYHQHJDWLYHO\LQÁXHQFHGDFDGHPLF
DFKLHYHPHQWDQGVHOIHVWHHP $QFLVHWDO 9LFWLPVDUHPRUHOLNHO\
WRGURSRXWRI VFKRRO .LVWQHUHWDO ,WDOVRQHJDWLYHO\LQÁXHQF
HVWKHSV\FKRORJLFDOKHDOWKRI YLFWLPVEHFDXVHRI IHHOLQJVRI LVRODWLRQ
DQGDOLHQDWLRQ 1HYLOOHHW$O DQGKDVQHJDWLYHHIIHFWVRQSK\VLFDO
KHDOWK6DGO\YLFWLPVLQWHUQDOL]HWKHYHU\QHJDWLYHYLHZVRQWKHLUDELOL
WLHVWKDWRWKHUVKROGRI WKHPDQGWKXVGRQRWOLYHXSWRWKHLUSRWHQWLDOV
/HYLQH  UHSRUWVWKDWWKHXVXDOYLFWLPVRI SUHMXGLFHLQVFKRROVDUH
WKRVHZKRDUHQRWVPDUWRUWKRVHZKRDUHWRRVPDUWWKRVHZKRDUHRQ
WKHKHDY\VLGHWKRVHZKRVHUHOLJLRQRUVNLQFRORUVDUHGLIIHUHQWWKRVH
ZKRDUHHFRQRPLFDOO\GLVDGYDQWDJHGWKRVHZKRVHORRNVGRQRWPHHWVHW
VWDQGDUGVRI EHDXW\DQGWKRVHZKRDUHGLVDEOHG9LFWLPVDUHQRUPDOO\
H[FOXGHGWDXQWHGRUSK\VLFDOO\KDUPHG

%+DUUR  DVVHUWVWKDWKXPDQVDUHERUQZLWKVWHUHRW\SHVDQG


SUHMXGLFHVDOUHDG\LQSODFHLQVRFLHW\7KHVHVWHUHRW\SHVDQGSUHMXGLFLDO
DWWLWXGHVDUHUHLQIRUFHGLQWKHIDPLO\DQGLQWKHLQVWLWXWLRQVZKHUHKX
PDQVDUHVRFLDOL]HG

7KH&HQWHUIRU3HDFH(GXFDWLRQLQZRUNVKRSVFRQGXFWHGWKURXJK
RXWWKH3KLOLSSLQHVVXUYH\HGLWVSDUWLFLSDQWVPRVWO\WHDFKHUVDQGVWX
GHQWVRQWKHLUELDVHVDERXWFHUWDLQJURXSVRI SHRSOH3DUWLFLSDQWVZHUH
PDGHWRZULWHWKHPHVVDJHVWKH\KDYHUHFHLYHGDERXWFHUWDLQJURXSVRI 
SHRSOHZKLOHWKH\ZHUHJURZLQJXS0DQ\RI WKHVHSUHMXGLFHVDUHVXUSULV
LQJLI QRWRXWULJKWKHDUWEUHDNLQJ)RUWXQDWHO\WKHF\FOHRI VRFLDOL]DWLRQ
WKDWEURXJKWIRUWKWKHVHELDVHVFDQEHLQWHUUXSWHGWKURXJKHGXFDWLRQ

)ROORZLQJLVDOLVWRI ELDVHVWRZDUGVFHUWDLQJURXSVVKDUHGE\SDUWLFL
SDQWVLQ&3(FRQGXFWHGZRUNVKRSV


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

'ƌŽƵƉƐŽĨWĞŽƉůĞĂŶĚŝĂƐĞƐŐĂŝŶƐƚdŚĞŵ
dŚŽƐĞ ǁŚŽ ĂƌĞ ƵŶĂďůĞ ƚŽ ŽďŽ ;ƐůŽǁͿ͕ ůŽƐĞƌ͕ ŵĂŶŐŵĂŶŐ ;ŝŐŶŽͲ
ƐƉĞĂŬŐŽŽĚŶŐůŝƐŚ ƌĂŶƚͿ͕ ŝŶĚŝŽ ;ƐƚƵƉŝĚͿ͕ ŵĂŚŝƌĂƉ ;ƉŽŽƌͿ͕
ĞŶŐŽƚ;ƐƚƵƉŝĚͿ͕ĂŬƟďŝƐƚĂ;ĂĐƟǀŝƐƚͿ͕ƚĂŐĂͲ
ƉƌŽďŝŶƐŝLJĂ;ĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƉƌŽǀŝŶĐĞͿ
dŚŽƐĞ ǁŚŽ ĂƌĞ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĂďŽLJ;ƉŝŐͿ͕ƉĂŶŐŝƚ;ƵŐůLJͿ͕ŵĂƐŝďĂ;ŐůƵƚͲ
ŚĞĂǀLJƐŝĚĞ ƚŽŶͿ͕ǁĂůĂŶŐ;ŶŽͿůŽǀĞůŝĨĞ
dŚŽƐĞǁŚŽĂƌĞƚŽŽƐŵĂƌƚ ŽƌŝŶŐ͕ ůŽŶĞƌ͕ ũŽůŽŐƐ ;ƵŶĨĂƐŚŝŽŶĂďůĞͿ͕
ƐŝƉƐŝƉ ;ĂƉƉůĞ ƉŽůŝƐŚĞƌͿ͕ ƚĞĂĐŚĞƌ͛Ɛ ƉĞƚ͕
ǁĂůĂŶŐ ŬĂŝďŝŐĂŶ ;ŶŽ ĨƌŝĞŶĚƐͿ͕ ŵĂƉĂŶŐͲ
ŵĂƚĂ;ĐŽŶĚĞƐĐĞŶĚŝŶŐͿ͕ǁĂůĂŶŐ;ŶŽͿƐŽͲ
ĐŝĂůůŝĨĞ͕ǁĞŝƌĚ
dŚŽƐĞ ǁŚŽ ĂƌĞ ǀĞƌLJ ŐŽŽĚͲ ĂĚŝŶŐ ;ŐĂLJͿͬůĞƐďŝĂŶ͕ ŵĂLJĂďĂŶŐ
ůŽŽŬŝŶŐ ;ƉƌŽƵĚͿ͕ ŵĂĂƌƚĞ ;ƐƚĂŐLJͿ͕ ƐůƵƚ͕ ƐŽĐŝĂů
ĐůŝŵďĞƌ͕ďŝůŝďƐĂƐĂƌŝůŝ;ĐŽŶĐĞŝƚĞĚͿ͕ďŽďŽ
;ƐůŽǁͿ͕ƐƵƉůĂĚŽ;ƐŶŽďͿ͕ŬŝŬĂLJ;ŇŝƌƚͿ͕ŵĂůͲ
ĚŝƚĂ;ďŝƚĐŚͿ
dŚŽƐĞǁŚŽĂƌĞĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƌƵͲ ĂĚƵLJ ;ƵŶĨĂƐŚŝŽŶĂďůĞͿ͕ ƵŶĐŝǀŝůŝnjĞĚ͕ ũŽͲ
ƌĂůĂƌĞĂƐͬƉƌŽǀŝŶĐĞ ůŽŐƐ ;ƵŶĨĂƐŚŝŽŶĂďůĞͿ͕ ůŽƐLJĂŶŐ ;ƵŶĨĂƐŚͲ
ŝŽŶĂďůĞͿ͕ŬĂƚƵůŽŶŐ;ĚŽŵĞƐƟĐŚĞůƉͿ͕ƚĂŶͲ
ŐĂ;ƐƚƵƉŝĚͿ͕ĂƐǁĂŶŐ;ǁŝƚĐŚLJͿ͕ŝŐŶŽƌĂŶƚĞ
;ŝŐŶŽƌĂŶƚͿ
dŚŽƐĞǁŚŽĂƌĞĨĂŝƌͲƐŬŝŶŶĞĚ DĂĂƌƚĞ;ƐƚĂŐLJͿ͕ĨĞĞůŝŶŐƐƵƉĞƌŝŽƌ͕ŵĂLJĂͲ
ŵĂŶ ;ƌŝĐŚͿ͕ ŵĂƚĂƉŽďƌĞ ;ĐŽŶĚĞƐĐĞŶĚͲ
ŝŶŐͿ͕ŵĂLJĂďĂŶŐ;ƉƌŽƵĚͿ
dŚŽƐĞ ǁŚŽ ĂƌĞ ĚĂƌŬͲ WĂŶŐŝƚ;ƵŐůLJͿ͕ƉŽŽƌ͕ƐƋƵĂƩĞƌ͕ŵĂƐĂŵĂŶŐ
ƐŬŝŶŶĞĚ ĚĂŵŽ;ďůĂĐŬƐŚĞĞƉͿ͕ĚŝŵĂƉĂŐŬĂŬĂƟǁĂͲ
ůĂĂŶ;ĐĂŶŶŽƚďĞƚƌƵƐƚĞĚͿ͕ŵĂŐŶĂŶĂŬĂǁ
;ƚŚŝĞĨͿ͕ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶǁŽƌŬĞƌ
dŚŽƐĞǁŚŽĂƌĞƌŝĐŚ DĂƚĂƉŽďƌĞ ;ĐŽŶĚĞƐĐĞŶĚŝŶŐͿ͕ ŵĂLJͲ
ĂďĂŶŐ ;ƉƌŽƵĚͿ͕ ŶĂŐƚĂƚƌĂďĂŚŽ ƐĂ
ŐŽďLJĞƌŶŽ;ǁŽƌŬƐĨŽƌƚŚĞŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚͿ͕
ŵĂĚĂŵŽƚ ;ŵŝƐĞƌůLJͿ͕ ŵĂƉĂŶŐͲĂƉŝ ;ŽƉͲ
ƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞͿ͕ŵĂƐĞůĂŶ;ƉŝĐŬLJͿ͕ƵƐĞƌ͕ĐŽƌƌƵƉƚ
ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶƐ DĂLJĂďĂŶŐ;ƉƌŽƵĚͿ͕ĞŐŽŝƐƟĐ͕ŵĂŶŝƉƵůĂͲ
ƚŽƌ͕ ŽƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƐƚĂ ;ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƐƚͿ͕ ƌĂĐŝƐƚ͕
ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůŝƐƟĐ͕ǁĂůĂŶŐŐĂůĂŶŐ;ƌƵĚĞͿ͕ĂƌŽͲ
ŐĂŶƚĞ;ĂƌƌŽŐĂŶƚͿ͕ĨĞĞůŝŶŐƐƵƉĞƌŝŽƌ


Challenging Prejudice and Building Tolerance

DƵƐůŝŵƐ <ŝĚŶĂƉƉĞƌ͕ ǀŝŽůĞŶƚ͕ ƚƌĂŝƚŽƌ͕ ƚĞƌƌŽƌŝƐƚ͕


ŬŝůůĞƌ͕ ƉĂůĂͲĂǁĂLJ ;ǁĂƌ ĨƌĞĂŬͿ͕ ďĂŶĚŝĚŽ
;ŐŽŽŶͿ͕ĂŐƌĞƐŝďŽ;ĂŐŐƌĞƐƐŝǀĞͿ͕ĨĂŶĂƟĐƐ
ůĚĞƌůLJ ^ĞůĨͲƌŝŐŚƚĞŽƵƐ͕ Ăůů ŬŶŽǁŝŶŐ͕ ƐĞŶƐŝƟǀĞ͕
ĐƌĂŶŬLJ͕ŝƐƚƌŝŬƚŽ;ƐƚƌŝĐƚͿ͕ƵƐĞůĞƐƐ͕ŶĂƌƌŽǁͲ
ŵŝŶĚĞĚ͕ŽůĚƐĐŚŽŽů
ŚŝůĚƌĞŶͬzŽƵƚŚ ^ƵƟů ;ƐƚƵďďŽƌŶͿ͕ ŝƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĂďůĞ ;ŝƌƌĞͲ
ƐƉŽŶƐŝďůĞͿ͕ ƉĂƐĂǁĂLJ ;ďƌĂƚͿ͕ ǁĂůĂŶŐ
ĂůĂŵ;ŬŶŽǁƐŶŽƚŚŝŶŐͿ͕ŵĂƉƵƐŽŬ;ďŽůĚͿ͕
ƌĞďĞůůŝŽƵƐ͕ ďĂƐƚŽƐ ;ƌƵĚĞͿ͕ ĚĞƐƚƌƵĐƟǀĞ͕
ĞŐŽĐĞŶƚƌŝĐ
DĞŶ ;ďŽĂƐƞƵůͿ͕ƐƵƉĞƌŝŽƌ͕ďŽůĞƌŽ;ƉŚŽŶLJͿďĂͲ
ďĂĞƌŽ ;ǁŽŵĂŶŝnjĞƌͿ͕ ƐƵŐĂƌŽů ;ŐĂŵďůĞƌͿ͕
ŵĂŶLJĂŬ ;ŵĂŶŝĂĐͿ͕ ďĂƐĂŐƵůĞƌŽ ;ǁĂƌͲ
ĨƌĞĂŬͿ͕ďĂƚƵŐĂŶ;ůĂnjLJͿ͕ĂŐƌĞƐŝďŽ;ĂŐŐƌĞƐͲ
ƐŝǀĞͿ͕ĞŐŽŝƐƟĐ͕ƉŽǁĞƌƚƌŝƉƉĞƌ
tŽŵĞŶ ŵŽƟŽŶĂů͕ ĮĐŬůĞͲŵŝŶĚĞĚ͕ ŵĂŚŝŶĂ
;ǁĞĂŬͿ͕ ďƵŶŐĂŶŐĞƌĂ ;ŶĂŐŐĞƌͿ͕ ƚƐŝƐŵŽͲ
ƐĂ ;ĐŚĂƩLJͿ͕ Ňŝƌƚ͕ ƐĂ ďĂŚĂLJ ůĂŶŐ ĚĂƉĂƚ
;ŚŽƵƐĞ ďŽƵŶĚͿ͕ ŵĂďĂďĂǁ ;ƐƵƉĞƌĮĐŝĂůͿ
ǀĂŝŶ͕ ŵĂƚĞƌŝĂůŝƐƟĐ͕ ŝLJĂŬŝŶ ;ĐƌLJ ďĂďLJͿ͕
ŵĂĂƌƚĞ;ƐƚĂŐLJͿ

7HDFKLQJ/HDUQLQJ,GHDV
3UHMXGLFHLVEDVHGRQDVHOIFHQWHUHGMXGJPHQWWKDWWKHUHLVRQO\RQH
FRUUHFW ZD\ RI  H[SHULHQFLQJ WKH ZRUOG $ERXG   .QRZLQJ WKH
PDQ\ZD\VRI EHLQJULJKWDVVFKRROLQJFDQSURYLGHFDQKHOSVWXGHQWV
DGRSWPRUHHQOLJKWHQHGEHOLHIV

+HUHDUHVRPHZD\VWRWHDFKDQGOHDUQWROHUDQFH

‡ ([DPLQH\RXURZQELDVHV,QWKHFODVVURRPGR\RXJLYHPRUH
IDYRUDEOHDWWHQWLRQWRVWXGHQWVZKRDUHSK\VLFDOO\RUVRFLRHFR
QRPLFDOO\DGYDQWDJHG"
‡ 8VH LQFOXVLYH DQGRU QRQGLVFULPLQDWLQJ ODQJXDJH DV ODQJXDJH


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

VKDSHV  FRQVFLRXVQHVV HJ XVH ´KXPDQµ LQVWHDG RI  ´PDQµ


´$IULFDQ$PHULFDQµLQVWHDGRI ´1HJURHVµ´HOGHUO\µLQVWHDGRI 
´ROGµDQG´KHDY\µLQVWHDGRI ´IDWµDPRQJRWKHUV 
‡ *LYHDSSURSULDWHDWWHQWLRQDQGWUHDWHDFKVWXGHQWIDLUO\UHJDUGOHVV
RI VH[RUVRFLRHFRQRPLFVWDWXVDPRQJRWKHUV([DPLQH\RXU
VHOI LI \RXDUHLQFOLQHGWRJLYHPRUHFRPSOLPHQWVWRWKRVHZKR
DUHPRUHSK\VLFDOO\DWWUDFWLYHDQGVRRQ
‡ +LJKOLJKW WKH WKRXJKW WKDW GLYHUVLW\ LV HQULFKLQJ 'LIIHUHQFHV
VKRXOGEHFHOHEUDWHGQRWVFRUQHGDVZHOHDUQDORWRI QHZWKLQJV
IURPRQHDQRWKHU$QDQDORJ\ZRXOGEHWKHIUXLWVDODGZKLFKLV
VRGHOLFLRXVHYHQLI LWLVPDGHXSRI GLIIHUHQWIUXLWVWKDWFRPHLQ
YDULRXVÁDYRUVDQGFRORUV
‡ 6KRZDYDULHW\RI UDFLDODQGSK\VLFDOIHDWXUHVLQRXUWHDFKLQJDLGV
DVZHOODVLQRXUFODVVURRPGHFRUDWLRQV
‡ ([DPLQH RXU WH[WERRNV UHIHUHQFHV LQVWUXFWLRQDO PDWHULDOV DQG
FXUULFXOXPFRXUVHRXWOLQHVIRUELDVHGPHVVDJHVDERXWVH[UDFH
HWKQLFLW\DQGUHOLJLRQIRUH[DPSOH
‡ .QRZ ZKHUH RXU VWXGHQWV DUH $OORZ WKHP WR UHÁHFW RQ WKHLU
YLHZV DERXW GLIIHUHQFHV %HORZ DUH VRPH LQVLJKWV RIIHUHG E\
6WHUQ/D5RVD DQG %HWPDQQ   DQG E\ WKH 7HDFKLQJ 7ROHU
DQFH 3URMHFW   $VN \RXU VWXGHQWV WR ZULWH WKHLU WKRXJKWV
DIWHUHDFKVWDWHPHQW

‡ ,WLVQRWIDLUWRIRUPDQRSLQLRQEDVHGVROHO\RQZKDWZH
VHH7KHFRORURI RQH·VVNLQKDVQRWKLQJWRGRZLWKZKDW
LVLQRQH·VKHDUW
‡ ,WLVRND\WRPDNHIULHQGVEDVHGXSRQOHJLWLPDWHVWDQGDUGV
EXWQRWRQFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRYHUZKLFKDSHUVRQKDVQRFRQ
WURO ´&DQ VRPHRQH FKDQJH WKH FRORU RI  KLVKHU VNLQ"µ
´'RHVWKHWH[WXUHRI KDLUIRUH[DPSOHKDYHDQ\WKLQJWR
GRZLWKEHLQJDJRRGIULHQG"µ


Challenging Prejudice and Building Tolerance

‡ ,WLVLPSRUWDQWWRVHHSHRSOHDVLQGLYLGXDOVUDWKHUWKDQDV
PHPEHUVRI DQRIIHQGLQJJURXS
‡ +HDOWK\VHOIFRQFHSWVFDQQHLWKHUEHGHYHORSHGQRUVXV
WDLQHGWKURXJKWKHGHYDOXDWLRQRI RWKHUV

3URYLGHDQHQYLURQPHQWZKHUHQHZDQGRUIRUHLJQVWXGHQWVZRXOG
IHHOZHOFRPH2IWHQWUDQVIHUVWXGHQWVDUHWKHREMHFWRI DWWHQWLRQDQG
PRUHRIWHQWKDQQRWULGLFXOHDPRQJSHHUV(QFRXUDJHROGWLPHUVWREH
IULHQGWKHQHZFRPHUV
&RPSDUHDQGFRQWUDVWVNLQFRORUVDQGVWUHVVWKHEHDXW\RI HDFKFRORU
DQGRI YDULHW\
+HUHLVDVDPSOHDFWLYLW\LI WKHUHDUHJODULQJGLIIHUHQFHVLQVNLQFRORU
DPRQJ\RXUVWXGHQWV2WKHUZLVHDYDULDWLRQZRXOGEHWRXVHSKRWRVWKDW
ZRXOGVKRZGLIIHUHQFHVLQVNLQFRORU

$VN\RXUSUHVFKRRORUJUDGHVFKRROVWXGHQWVWRIRUPDFLU
FOHDQGVWUHWFKRXWWKHLUDUPV$VNWKHPWKHIROORZLQJ
R :KDWGR\RXVHH"
R +RZGR\RXIHHODERXWZKDW\RXVHH"
R :KDWGRWKHVHWHOOXV"
(QGWKHDFWLYLW\E\VD\LQJWKDWSHRSOHFRPHLQGLIIHUHQWSDFN
DJHVDQGWKDWHDFKRQHLVVSHFLDODQGLVDJLIWWRWKHRWKHU7KH
VRQJ´3HUVRQVDUH*LIWVµPD\DOVREHVXQJE\WKHJURXS
3HUVRQVDUHJLIWVRI *RGWRPH
7KDWFRPHDOOZUDSSHGVRGLIIHUHQWO\
6RPHVRORRVHO\RWKHUVVRWLJKWO\
%XWZUDSSLQJVDUHQRWWKHJLIW
,DPDJLIWRI *RGWRPH
'R,DFFHSWWKHJLIW,VHH"
,DPDSHUVRQDQGIRUWKLVUHDVRQ
$ZRQGHUIXOJLIWRI OLIH


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

$P,DJLIWWRRWKHUVWRR
7KDWPXVWEHJLYHQWR\RXDQG\RX
:HDUHDOOSHUVRQVZHDUHDOOJLIWV
6ROHW·VKDYHDJUDQGH[FKDQJHRI JLIWV

‡ 1DUUDWH VWRULHV RI  UDFLDO RU FXOWXUDO SUHMXGLFH HJ WKH VWRU\ RI 


5RVD3DUNVRU0RKDQGDV*DQGKL DQGLQYLWHVWXGHQWVWRWDNHWKH
SHUVSHFWLYHRI WKHYLFWLPVRI SUHMXGLFH

 6DPSOH7KH6WRU\RI 5RVD3DUNV
2Q'HFHPEHU0UV5RVD3DUNVD%ODFNVHDPVWUHVV
ZDVULGLQJKRPHIURPZRUNRQDEXVLQ0RQWJRPHU\$ODEDPD
:HDU\IURPWKHGD\·VZRUNVKHZDVVLWWLQJLQWKHÀUVWVHDWEH
KLQG WKH VHFWLRQ UHVHUYHG IRU :KLWHV 7KH EXV ÀOOHG XS 0RUH
ZKLWHSDVVHQJHUVERDUGHGDQGWKHEXVRSHUDWRUDVUHTXLUHGE\
WKHVHJUHJDWLRQODZVRUGHUHGKHUWRJLYHKHUVHDWWRDZKLWHPDQ
4XLHWO\VKHUHIXVHGDQGZDVWKHUHDIWHUDUUHVWHG
6RXUFH+ROPHV5REHUW-HG  1RQYLROHQFHLQ
 7KHRU\DQGLQ3UDFWLFH&$:DGVZRUWK
 3XEOLVKLQJ&RPSDQ\

‡ $VNVWXGHQWVKRZWKH\IHHODERXWWKHVWRU\
‡ 7HOOWKHVWXGHQWVWKDWWKHZRUOGWRGD\LVFRPSRVHGRI JURXSV
RI GLYHUJHQWWUDGLWLRQVEHOLHIVDQGHWKQLFLW\
‡ $VN WKHP :KDW ZRXOG \RX KDYH GRQH LI  \RX ZHUH 5RVD
3DUNV",I \RXZHUHWKH:KLWHSDVVHQJHU"
‡ 7HOOWKHPWKDWLQWROHUDQFHUHVXOWVWRFRQÁLFWVEHWZHHQJURXSV
‡ $VNVWXGHQWVWRLPDJLQHWKHLUSUHIHUUHGVLWXDWLRQLQWKLVLQFL
GHQW+RZFDQWKH\FRQWULEXWHWRDFKLHYLQJZKDWWKH\SUHIHU"
‡ 7HOOWKHPWKDWWKHZRUOGQHHGVVROLGDULW\LQVWHDGRI GLVVHQ
VLRQ


Challenging Prejudice and Building Tolerance

,QYLWH UHVRXUFH SHUVRQV ZKR DUH IURP GLIIHUHQW HWKQLF VRFLRHFR


QRPLF RU UHOLJLRXV EDFNJURXQGV WR WDON DERXW WKHPVHOYHV WKHLU ZRUN
WKHLUKRSHVGUHDPVDQGDVSLUDWLRQV,QYLWLQJDQLQGLJHQRXVSHUVRQLQ
YROYHGLQSHDFHRUKXPDQULJKWVDGYRFDF\ZLOOKHOS´OLJKWWZRFDQGOHV
ZLWKRQHPDWFKVWLFNµ2QH\RXJHWWRKHOSVWXGHQWVEHHQOLJKWHQHGRQ
DSDUWLFXODULVVXH7ZR\RXJHWVWXGHQWVWRVHHFRPPRQDOLW\LQGLYHUVLW\

3URYLGHRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUVWXGHQWVWRLQWHUDFWZLWKSHRSOHWKH\SHU
FHLYHWREHGLIIHUHQW*RUGRQ$OOSRUW  H[SODLQHGLQKLVFRQWDFW
WKHRU\WKDWRSSRUWXQLWLHVWRLQWHUDFWZLWKWKHGLIIHUHQWRWKHUPD\KHOS
UHGXFHSUHMXGLFH

,QWHUDFWLRQ LPPHUVLRQ RU WZLQQLQJ SURJUDPV ZLWK VWXGHQWV IURP


RWKHUVRFLRHFRQRPLFFXOWXUDORUHWKQLFEDFNJURXQGVPD\SURYHIUXLW
IXO
+HUHLVDQH[DPSOHRI D7ZLQQLQJ3URMHFW
h/>/E'Z/'^K&hEZ^dE/E'EW͗
dŚĞdǁŝŶŶŝŶŐWƌŽũĞĐƚďĞƚǁĞĞŶDŝƌŝĂŵŽůůĞŐĞĂŶĚZĂũĂŚ
DƵĚĂ,ŝŐŚ^ĐŚŽŽů

 ͞ƚǁŝŶŶŝŶŐ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ͟ ĞdžŝƐƚƐ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ DŝƌŝĂŵ ŽůůĞŐĞ ;DͿ͕ Ă


ƉƌŝǀĂƚĞĂƚŚŽůŝĐƐĐŚŽŽůůŽĐĂƚĞĚŝŶYƵĞnjŽŶŝƚLJ͕DĞƚƌŽDĂŶŝůĂ͕ĂŶĚ
ZĂũĂŚDƵĚĂ,ŝŐŚ^ĐŚŽŽů;ZD,^Ϳ͕ĂƉƵďůŝĐƐĐŚŽŽůĂƩĞŶĚĞĚďLJDƵƐͲ
ůŝŵƐ ůŽĐĂƚĞĚ ŝŶ WŝŬŝƚ͕ ŽƚĂďĂƚŽ͕ Ă ĐŽŶŇŝĐƚͲĂīĞĐƚĞĚ ĂƌĞĂ ŝŶ ĞŶƚƌĂů
DŝŶĚĂŶĂŽ͘ dŚĞ ƚŚĞŵĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽũĞĐƚ ŝƐ ͞ƵŝůĚŝŶŐ ƌŝĚŐĞƐ ŽĨ hŶͲ
ĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐĂŶĚWĞĂĐĞ͟ĂŶĚŝƚƐƉƌĞůŝŵŝŶĂƌLJŽďũĞĐƟǀĞŝƐƚŽĞŶĂďůĞ
ďŽƚŚDĂŶĚZD,^ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐƚŽŐĂŝŶĂďĞƩĞƌƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨĞĂĐŚ
ŽƚŚĞƌ͛Ɛ ĐƵůƚƵƌĞ ĂŶĚ ƚŽ ďƌĞĂŬ ĚŽǁŶ ƚŚĞ ďĂƌƌŝĞƌƐ ŽĨ ƉƌĞũƵĚŝĐĞ ƚŚĂƚ
ĐƵƌƌĞŶƚůLJĞdžŝƐƚďĞƚǁĞĞŶDƵƐůŝŵƐĂŶĚŚƌŝƐƟĂŶƐ͘>ĞƩĞƌƐŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶ
ĞdžĐŚĂŶŐĞĚ ďĞƚǁĞĞŶ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ƚǁŽ ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ ĂŶĚ ƉĞŶ ĨƌŝĞŶĚͲ
ƐŚŝƉƐŚĂǀĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚ͘
dŚĞdǁŝŶŶŝŶŐWƌŽũĞĐƚŚĂƐŐŽŶĞďĞLJŽŶĚŵĂŝůĞdžĐŚĂŶŐĞ͘ũŽŝŶƚ
ŶĞǁƐůĞƩĞƌ ŝƐ ƌĞŐƵůĂƌůLJ ƉƵďůŝƐŚĞĚ ƚŚĂƚ ĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐ ƌĞŇĞĐƟŽŶͲĞƐƐĂLJƐ͕


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

ƉŽĞƚƌLJ ĂŶĚ ĚƌĂǁŝŶŐƐ ƚŚĂƚ ĂƌĞ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚ ďLJ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ĨƌŽŵ ďŽƚŚ
ƐĐŚŽŽůƐ͘dŚĞŝƌĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƐƐŚŽǁĞĚŚŽǁƚŚĞLJĂƉƉƌĞĐŝĂƚĞĚƚŚĞĞdžͲ
ƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞŽĨǁƌŝƟŶŐƚŽĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌ͖ĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĨƌŝĞŶĚƐŚŝƉƐǁŝƚŚŽŶĞ
ĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ͖ƌĞĂůŝnjŝŶŐƚŚĞƉƌŽďůĞŵƐŽĨƚŚĞZĂũĂŚDƵĚĂĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJďĞͲ
ĐĂƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞĂƌŵĞĚĐŽŶŇŝĐƚ͖ĂŶĚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐƚŚĞŶĞĞĚĨŽƌũƵƐƟĐĞ͕
ĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ͕ƐŽůŝĚĂƌŝƚLJ͖ĂŶĚŵƵƚƵĂůƌĞƐƉĞĐƚĂŶĚĂĐĐĞƉƚĂŶĐĞĚĞƐƉŝƚĞ
ĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ͘dŚĞŶĂŵĞŽĨƚŚĞŶĞǁƐůĞƩĞƌŝƐ͞WĂŐͲĂƐĂ͕͟ĂǁŽƌĚƚŚĂƚ
ŵĞĂŶƐŚŽƉĞĂŶĚŝƐƵƐĞĚŝŶďŽƚŚdĂŐĂůŽŐĂŶĚDĂŐƵŝŶĚĂŶĂŽŶ͕ƚŚĞ
ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƐŽĨƚŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͘/ƚŝƐĂĮƫŶŐŶĂŵĞĂƐŚŽƉĞŝƐĂŶĞƐƐĞŶƟĂů
ĞůĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƉĞĂĐĞďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ͘
ŚŝŐŚƉŽŝŶƚŽĨƚŚĞƉƌŽũĞĐƚĐĂŵĞǁŚĞŶƚŚĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐǁĞƌĞŐŝǀĞŶ
ƚŚĞĐŚĂŶĐĞƚŽŵĞĞƚ͘dŚĞǁŽƌŬƐŚŽƉŐĂǀĞƚŚĞƉĞŶĨƌŝĞŶĚƐĂǀĞŶƵĞĨŽƌ
ĚŝĂůŽŐƵĞĂŶĚĂƐƚĞƉĨƵƌƚŚĞƌƚŽƉƌŽŵŽƚĞŝŶƚĞƌĐƵůƚƵƌĂůƌĞĐŽŶĐŝůŝĂƟŽŶ͘
/ŶĚĞĞĚ͕ƚŚĞƐŽĐŝĞƚLJǁĞůŝǀĞŝŶŚĂƐĂůŽŶŐůŝƐƚŽĨĚŝǀŝĚĞƐ͕ůŝŬĞƚŚĞ
ŐĂƉƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĚŝīĞƌŝŶŐĐƵůƚƵƌĞƐ͕ƌĞůŝŐŝŽŶƐĂŶĚĞƚŚŶŝĐŝƟĞƐ͘dŚĞƐĞĂƌĞ
ŐĂƉƐƚŚĂƚĐĂŶǀĞƌLJǁĞůůďĞŶĂƌƌŽǁĞĚ͘dŚĞƚǁŽƐĐŚŽŽůƐĞŵďĂƌŬĞĚŽŶ
ŽŶĞƐŝŵƉůĞLJĞƚŵĞĂŶŝŶŐĨƵůƉƌŽũĞĐƚƚŽĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƚŚŝƐŐĂƉ͘ŶĚǁĞŶŽǁ
ƐĞĞƚŚĂƚƚŚĞLJĂƌĞƐƵĐĐĞĞĚŝŶŐŐƌĂĚƵĂůůLJŝŶďƌŝĚŐŝŶŐŝƚ͘

‡ &HOHEUDWHWKH8QLWHG1DWLRQV'D\LQZD\VRWKHUWKDQWKHSDUDGH
RI FRVWXPHV$VN\RXUVWXGHQWVWRUHVHDUFKRQGDQFHVJDPHV
ZRUGV RU H[SUHVVLRQV IURP RWKHU FXOWXUHV WKDW WKH\ PD\ VKDUH
ZLWKWKHLUFODVVPDWHV HJSHDFHLQRWKHUODQJXDJHV 7KH\PD\
DOVREULQJIRRGIURPRWKHUFXOWXUHVDQGSURYLGHDEULHI GHVFULS
WLRQRI ZKDWWKH\EURXJKW
‡ 3URYLGHRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUVWXGHQWVRI GLIIHUHQWIDLWKVRUFXOWXUDO
EDFNJURXQGVWRH[SODLQWKHLUEHOLHIVDQGSUDFWLFHVDQGHQFRXUDJH
DOOVWXGHQWVWRUHVSHFWWKHVHEHOLHIVDQGSUDFWLFHV
‡ ,QLWLDWHDFWLYLWLHVZKHUHVWXGHQWVDUHDIÀUPHGIRUZKDWWKH\DUH
7KHVHOIIXOÀOOLQJSURSKHF\WKHRU\WHOOVXVWKDWSHRSOHWXUQRXWWR
EHZKDWRWKHUVWKLQNRI WKHP$JRRGVHOIHVWHHPLVDEXLOGLQJ
EORFNIRUWKHSURPRWLRQRI KDUPRQLRXVUHODWLRQVKLSV


Challenging Prejudice and Building Tolerance

 6DPSOHDFWLYLW\
3LQDSLHFHRI SDSHURQHDFKSHUVRQ·VEDFNDQGDVNHYHU\RQH
WRZULWHSRVLWLYHFRPPHQWVDERXWHDFKSHUVRQLQWKHFODVV:KHQ
DOODUHGRQHDVNVWXGHQWVWRUHDGDOOWKHFRPPHQWVWKDWZHUHZULW
WHQRQWKHLURZQSDSHU$VNHYHU\RQHWRJLYHKLVKHUWKRXJKWV
DQGIHHOLQJVDERXWWKHVHFRPPHQWV

‡ 0HGLDWH ZKHQ VWXGHQWV DUH H[FOXGHG IURP SOD\ RU SHHU JURXSV
EHFDXVHRI FXOWXUDOVH[XDOUHOLJLRXVVRFLRHFRQRPLFRUSK\VLFDO
GLIIHUHQFHV
‡ ,QWHUYHQHZKHQUHPDUNVPDGHE\VWXGHQWVDUHKXUWIXORUGLVFULP
LQDWRU\ HJ´:RPHQDUHZHDNµ´%R\VGRQ·WFU\µ´3RRUSHRSOH
DUHWKLHYHVµ´0XVOLPVDUHWHUURULVWVµ
‡ 2SSRVHKDWHDQGLQYLWH\RXUVWXGHQWVWRLQWHUUXSWZKHQSHRSOH
DUHKDUDVVHGRUKXUWIRUEHLQJGLIIHUHQW

%HORZLVD3OHGJHDJDLQVW3UHMXGLFHZULWWHQE\6WHUQ/D5RVD
DQG%HWPDQQ  $VN\RXUVWXGHQWVLI WKH\ZLOOEHZLOOLQJWR
PDNHWKLVDSHUVRQDOSOHGJH$VNZK\

/ƉůĞĚŐĞĨƌŽŵƚŚŝƐĚĂLJŽŶǁĂƌĚƚŽĚŽŵLJďĞƐƚƚŽŝŶƚĞƌƌƵƉƚƉƌĞũƵͲ
ĚŝĐĞĂŶĚƚŽƐƚŽƉƚŚŽƐĞ͕ǁŚŽ͕ďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨŚĂƚĞ͕ǁŽƵůĚŚƵƌƚ͕ŚĂƌĂƐƐ͕
ŽƌǀŝŽůĂƚĞƚŚĞĐŝǀŝůƌŝŐŚƚƐŽĨĂŶLJŽŶĞ͘/ǁŝůůƚƌLJĂƚĂůůƟŵĞƐƚŽďĞĂǁĂƌĞ
ŽĨŵLJŽǁŶďŝĂƐĞƐĂŐĂŝŶƐƚƉĞŽƉůĞǁŚŽĂƌĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĨƌŽŵŵLJƐĞůĨ͘/
ǁŝůů ĂƐŬ ƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐ ĂďŽƵƚ ĐƵůƚƵƌĞƐ͕ ƌĞůŝŐŝŽŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƌĂĐĞƐ ƚŚĂƚ / ĚŽŶ͛ƚ
ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ͘/ǁŝůůƐƉĞĂŬŽƵƚĂŐĂŝŶƐƚĂŶLJŽŶĞǁŚŽŵŽĐŬƐ͕ƐĞĞŬƐƚŽ
ŝŶƟŵŝĚĂƚĞ Žƌ ĂĐƚƵĂůůLJ ŚƵƌƚ ƐŽŵĞŽŶĞ ŽĨ Ă ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƌĂĐĞ͕ ƌĞůŝŐŝŽŶ͕
ĞƚŚŶŝĐŐƌŽƵƉŽƌƐĞdžƵĂůŽƌŝĞŶƚĂƟŽŶ͘/ǁŝůůƌĞĂĐŚŽƵƚƚŽƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚŽƐĞ
ǁŚŽĂƌĞƚĂƌŐĞƚƐŽĨŚĂƌĂƐƐŵĞŶƚ͘/ǁŝůůƚŚŝŶŬĂďŽƵƚƐƉĞĐŝĮĐǁĂLJƐŵLJ
ƐĐŚŽŽů͕ ŽƚŚĞƌ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ŵLJ ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJ ĐĂŶ ƉƌŽŵŽƚĞ ƌĞƐƉĞĐƚ
ĨŽƌƉĞŽƉůĞĂŶĚĐƌĞĂƚĞĂƉƌĞũƵĚŝĐĞͲĨƌĞĞnjŽŶĞ͘/ĮƌŵůLJďĞůŝĞǀĞƚŚĂƚŶŽ
ƉĞƌƐŽŶĐĂŶďĞĂŶ͞ŝŶŶŽĐĞŶƚďLJƐƚĂŶĚĞƌ͟ǁŚĞŶŝƚĐŽŵĞƐƚŽŽƉƉŽƐŝŶŐ
ŚĂƚĞ͘


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

‡ &DOO VWXGHQWV WR DFWLRQ $VN WKHP WR FRPSOHWH VWDWHPHQWV WKDW
ZLOO KHOS WKHP UHÁHFW RQ ZKDW WKH\ FDQ FRQFUHWHO\ GR WR FKDO
OHQJHSUHMXGLFHDQGGLVFULPLQDWLRQ$QH[DPSOHLV´7RFKDOOHQJH
GLVFULPLQDWLRQ,ZLOO«µ

,QGHHGWKHUHLVDQHHGWRÀQGFUHDWLYHDQGHWKLFDOVROXWLRQVWRWKH
SUREOHPVRI SUHMXGLFHDQGGLVFULPLQDWLRQ3UHMXGLFHUHGXFWLRQLVGHÀ
QLWHO\DGDXQWLQJWDVN$PRQJDOWHUQDWLYHVHGXFDWLRQIRUWROHUDQFHLVD
YLDEOHRSWLRQIRUWKRVHZKRZDQWWRVHHDZRUOGZKHUHSHRSOHOLYHWR
JHWKHULQSHDFHLQWKHPLGVWRI GLYHUVLW\



PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

Šƒ’–‡”͹

3URPRWLQJ1RQYLROHQFH

,
Q WKH \HDU   DUPHG FRQÁLFWV WRRN SODFH LQ  FRXQWULHV
WKURXJKRXWWKHZRUOGDPSOLI\LQJPLOLWDU\VSHQGLQJDWPRUHWKDQ
WULOOLRQ86GROODUVRI WKHVHDUPHGFRQÁLFWVRFFXUUHGLQ$I
ULFDDQGDQRWKHULQ$VLD 3URMHFW3ORXJKVKDUHV 8SWR
SHRSOHGLHHDFKGD\DVDUHVXOWRI JXQYLROHQFHDORQH ,$16$ 

7KH 81 0LOOHQQLXP 3URMHFW ²  ZURWH WKDW HYHU\ GD\


WKURXJKRXWWKHZRUOGPLOOLRQSHRSOHJRWREHGKXQJU\ZLWKDSHU
VRQG\LQJRI VWDUYDWLRQHYHU\VHFRQGV³WKHODUJHPDMRULW\RI ZKLFK
DUHFKLOGUHQXQGHUWKHDJHRI 

2SWLRQVLQWKH)DFHRI 9LROHQFH
,Q WKH IDFH RI  GLUHFW RU VWUXFWXUDO YLROHQFH KXPDQV DUH JHQHUDOO\
IDFHGZLWKWKUHHUHVSRQVHRSWLRQVRQHLVWRGRQRWKLQJDERXWLWDQRWKHU
LVWRUHVSRQGZLWKYLROHQFHDQGODVWLVWRUHVSRQGQRQYLROHQWO\

7RGRQRWKLQJDERXWRSSUHVVLRQDQGUHSUHVVLRQHQFRXUDJHVWKHSHUSHWX
DWLRQRI WKHRSSUHVVLYHUHSUHVVLYHV\VWHP7KHIDLOXUHWRDFWPD\EHGXH
WRIHDUKHOSOHVVQHVVRULQGLIIHUHQFH7RUHVSRQGZLWKYLROHQFHSHUSHWX
DWHV WKH F\FOH RI  KRVWLOLW\ DQG FDUQDJH 7KRVH ZKR UHVRUW WR FRXQWHU
YLROHQFHVD\WKDWWKH\DUHPRWLYDWHGE\WKHGHVLUHWRVHHNMXVWLFHRUWR
GHIHQGRQH·VOLIHRUGLJQLW\%XWDODVYLROHQFHSURGXFHVDQJHUDQGELWWHU
QHVVRQWKHSDUWRI WKHYLFWLPVVHWWLQJRII DGDQJHURXVF\FOH1RQYLR
OHQFHRQWKHRWKHUKDQG´VHHNVWRFUHDWHDVLWXDWLRQWKDWZRXOGOLEHUDWH


Promoting Nonviolence

YLFWLPVIURPVLOHQFHDQGKHOSOHVVQHVVWRXQGHUVWDQGLQJDQGVROLGDULW\,W
VHHNVWRFUHDWHDFULVLVWKDWZRXOGIRUFHWKHDGYHUVDU\WRRSHQWKHGRRUWR
QHJRWLDWLRQ 0/.LQJ-UFLWHGLQ+ROPHV *DQ 
:KDWLV1RQYLROHQFH"
1RQYLROHQFHRUDKLPVDLVWKHUHIXVDOWRGRKDUPWRRWKHUKXPDQV
DVOLIHLVVDFUHGDQGLVDQDEVROXWHYDOXH,WLVDQFKRUHGLQWKHEHOLHI WKDW
KXPDQVKDYHWKHSRWHQWLDOWRFKDQJH

$..$3.$RU$NV\RQSDUDVD.DSD\DSDDQDW.DWDUXQJDQ$FWLRQ
IRU3HDFHDQG-XVWLFH  GHÀQHVLWDV´DSULQFLSOHDZD\RI OLIHRU
WRROIRUFKDQJHWKDWFRQVLGHUVWKHKXPDQSHUVRQDVWKHKLJKHVWFUHDWHG
YDOXHZKLFKPXVWQRWEHGHVWUR\HG,WVDLPLVWRVHHNWKHWUXWKDQGSUR
GXFHMXVWLFHDQGWKHSRVVLELOLW\IRUVROLGDULW\DQGUHFRQFLOLDWLRQ,WVDLP
LVWROLEHUDWHWKHRSSUHVVHGDQGWKHRSSUHVVRUWKURXJKPRUDOSHUVXDVLRQ
SUHVVXUHDQGIRUPVRI QRQYLROHQWGLUHFWDFWLRQµ

:KDWDUH6RPH3ULQFLSOHVRI 1RQYLROHQFH"
0RKDQGDV*DQGKLWKHPDQZKROHGWKHSHRSOHRI ,QGLDRXWRI %ULW
LVKVXEMXJDWLRQKHOGWKHIROORZLQJEHOLHIVDERXWQRQYLROHQFH

‡ $VORQJDVSHRSOHDFFHSWH[SORLWDWLRQERWKH[SORLWHUDQGH[SORLW
HGZLOOEHHQWDQJOHGLQLQMXVWLFHEXWRQFHWKHH[SORLWHGUHIXVH
WR DFFHSW WKH UHODWLRQVKLS UHIXVH WR FRRSHUDWH ZLWK LW WKH\ DUH
DOUHDG\IUHH
‡ 1RQYLROHQFH DQG FRZDUGLFH GR QRW JR WRJHWKHU 3RVVHVVLRQ RI 
DUPVLPSOLHVDQHOHPHQWRI IHDULI QRWFRZDUGLFH
‡ $SHUVRQDQGKLVKHUGHHGVDUHWZRGLVWLQFWWKLQJV+DWHWKHVLQ
EXWQRWWKHVLQQHU
‡ ,I ZHÀJKWEDFNZHZLOOEHFRPHWKHYDQGDODQGWKH\ RSSUHVVRUV 
ZLOOEHFRPHWKHODZ
‡ $QH\HIRUDQH\HZLOOPDNHWKHZKROHZRUOGEOLQG


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

‡ 1RQYLROHQFHLVPRUHSRZHUIXOIRUFRQYHUWLQJWKHRSSRQHQWDQG
RSHQLQJKLVHDUVZKLFKDUHRWKHUZLVHVKXWWRWKHYRLFHRI UHDVRQ
‡ 1RQYLROHQFHGHPDQGVWKDWWKHPHDQVXVHGVKRXOGEHDVSXUHDV
WKHHQGVVRXJKW7ZRZURQJVZLOOQRWPDNHRQHULJKW
0DUWLQ/XWKHU.LQJ-UEHOLHYHGLQWKHVDPHSULQFLSOHV*DQGKLKHOG
RQWR%HORZDUHDGGLWLRQDOEHOLHIV0/.-UKHOGZLWKUHJDUGWRQRQYLR
OHQFH

‡ 1RQYLROHQFHGRHVQRWVHHNWRGHIHDWRUKXPLOLDWHWKHRSSRQHQW
EXWWRZLQKLVIULHQGVKLSDQGXQGHUVWDQGLQJ
‡ 1RQYLROHQFHVHHNVWRGHIHDWLQMXVWLFHQRWSHRSOH
‡ 1RQYLROHQFHWKULYHVRQORYHUDWKHUWKDQKDWUHG
‡ 1RQYLROHQFHUHTXLUHVZLOOLQJQHVVWRVXIIHUDQGDPD]LQJGLVFLSOLQH
LQWKHPLGVWRI SURYRFDWLRQ
‡ 1RQYLROHQFHKROGVWKDWVXIIHULQJFDQHGXFDWHDQGWUDQVIRUP
7RSHUVXDGHSHRSOHWREHOLHYHLQQRQYLROHQFHLVQRWHDV\EHFDXVHRI 
WUHPHQGRXVO\ RSSUHVVLYH VLWXDWLRQV VXFK DV H[WUHPH SRYHUW\ DQG HFR
QRPLF LQHTXLW\ KXPDQ ULJKWV YLRODWLRQV DQG RSSUHVVLRQ 6XFK FRQGL
WLRQVIRPHQWKDWUHGDQGDQJHURQWKHSDUWRI WKHYLFWLPVV\PSDWKL]HUV
DQGSHRSOHZKRZRUNIRUVRFLDOFKDQJHPDNLQJPDQ\RI WKHPZLOOLQJWR
VXEVFULEHWRDUPHGVWUXJJOHDJDLQVWSHRSOHLQSRZHU1HOVRQ0DQGHOD
HYHQKHOGDWWKHKHLJKWRI KLVIUXVWUDWLRQDJDLQVWWKHDSDUWKHLGV\VWHPLQ
6RXWK$IULFDWKDW´IRUFHLVWKHRQO\ODQJXDJHWKDWLPSHULDOLVWVFDQKHDUµ
:K\1RQYLROHQFH"
,WLVERWKDQHWKLFDODQGPRUDOFKRLFH0DMRUUHOLJLRXVDQGSKLORVRSKLFDO
WUDGLWLRQVWHDFKDERXWUHVSHFWIRUOLIH,Q-DLQLVPLWLVWDXJKWWKDWDZLVH
SHUVRQ´GRHVQRWNLOOQRUFDXVHRWKHUVWRNLOOQRUFRQVHQWWRWKHNLOO
LQJVE\RWKHUVµ/DR7]XIRXQGHURI 7DRLVPWDXJKWWKDW´ZHDSRQVDUH
LQVWUXPHQWVRI HYLODQGQRWRI DJRRGUXOHUµ,Q%XGGKLVPWKHSUHFHSW
´QRWWRNLOOµLVWKHIRXQGDWLRQIRUDOO%XGGKLVWDFWLRQ(YHU\RQHLVEH


Promoting Nonviolence

OLHYHGWRKDYHEHHQERUQZLWKD%XGGKDQDWXUHVR´QRRQHKDVWKHULJKW
WRWDNHWKHOLIHRI DQRWKHUµ
,Q+LQGXLVPDKLPVDLVFRQVLGHUHGWKHJUHDWHVWJLIWDQGWKHKLJKHVW
WHDFKLQJ,Q,VODPLWLVWDXJKWWKDWDQ\RQHZKR´WDNHVRQHOLIHZLWKRXW
MXVWLÀFDWLRQLWLVDVLI KHKDVWDNHQWKHOLYHVRI DOOKXPDQLW\µ,Q-XGD
LVPIROORZHUVDUHXUJHG´QRWWRHQY\DPDQRI YLROHQFHDQGQRWFKRRVH
DQ\RI KLVZD\Vµ&KULVWLDQVDUHWDXJKWWKDWWKRVHZKRXVHWKHVZRUGDUH
VRRQHURUODWHUGHVWUR\HGE\LW
'HVWUXFWLRQ LV QRW WKH ODZ RI  KXPDQV *DQGKL   6LJPXQG )UHXG
LQZURWHWKDWDJJUHVVLRQLVDQLQQDWHLQVWLQFWZKLFKVKRXOGEHGL
YHUWHGDZD\RQWRRWKHUVWRSURWHFWRXULQWUDSV\FKLFVWDELOLW\6LPLODUO\
.RQUDG/RUHQ]LQVXJJHVWHGWKDWDJJUHVVLRQVHUYHVDQDGDSWLYH
IXQFWLRQLQWKHHYROXWLRQDU\GHYHORSPHQWZKHUHWKHÀWWHVWVXUYLYHV%XW
DJURXSRI VFLHQWLVWVDQGVFKRODUVIURPDURXQGWKHZRUOGPHWLQ6HYLOOH
6SDLQ LQ  DQG ZURWH D VWDWHPHQW FRXQWHULQJ WKH SURSRVLWLRQ WKDW
YLROHQFHLVLQKHUHQWLQKXPDQQDWXUH
%HORZDUHVRPHNH\SRLQWVIURPWKH6HYLOOH6WDWHPHQW
‡ :DULVQRWLQHYLWDEOH7KHUHDUHFXOWXUHVZKLFKKDYHQRWHQ
JDJHGLQZDUVIRUFHQWXULHV
‡ 9LROHQWEHKDYLRULVQRWJHQHWLFDOO\SURJUDPPHGLQWRRXUKX
PDQ QDWXUH  *HQHV SURYLGH D GHYHORSPHQWDO SRWHQWLDO WKDW
FDQEHDFWXDOL]HGRQO\LQFRQMXQFWLRQZLWKWKHHFRORJLFDODQG
VRFLDOHQYLURQPHQW
‡ +XPDQVGRQRWKDYHDYLROHQWEUDLQ7KHUHLVQRWKLQJLQRXU
QHXURSV\FKRORJLFDOPDNHXSWKDWFRPSHOVXVWRUHDFWYLROHQW
O\+RZZHDFWLVVKDSHGE\KRZZHKDYHEHHQFRQGLWLRQHG
DQGVRFLDOL]HG
‡ %LRORJ\ GRHV QRW FRQGHPQ KXPDQLW\ WR ZDU -XVW DV ´ZDUV
EHJLQLQWKHPLQGVRI PHQµVRGRHVSHDFHVHWWOHWKHUH7KH
VDPHVSHFLHVZKRLQYHQWHGZDULVFDSDEOHRI LQYHQWLQJSHDFH
7KHUHVSRQVLELOLW\OLHVZLWKHDFKRI XV


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

7KH6HYLOOH6WDWHPHQWVXSSRUWVWKHWKHRU\SXWIRUZDUGE\%DQGXUD
5RVV 5RVVLQWKDWDJJUHVVLRQLVQRWLQKHUHQWEXWLVOHDUQHGLQWKH
SURFHVVRI VRFLDOL]DWLRQDQGWKXVPD\EHXQOHDUQHG,WLVQRWLQKXPDQ
QDWXUHWRNLOO+XPDQVXQGHUQRUPDOFLUFXPVWDQFHVSUHIHUFRRSHUDWLRQ
WRDJJUHVVLYHQHVV 6,35,81(6&2 

1RQYLROHQFHLVDSUDFWLFDOFKRLFH7RROVDQGHIIHFWVRI YLROHQFHDUHFRVWO\
7KH6WRFNKROP,QWHUQDWLRQDO3HDFH5HVHDUFK,QVWLWXWH  UHSRUWHG
WKDWWKHZRUOG·VDQQXDOPLOLWDU\VSHQGLQJLQPLOLWDU\SURJUDPVLQLV
HVWLPDWHGDWPRUHWKDQWULOOLRQ86GROODUV)RUW\WZRSHUFHQWRI WKLV
ZDVVSHQWE\WKH8QLWHG6WDWHVRI $PHULFD,QWKH<HDUZKHQWKH
ZRUOG PLOLWDU\ H[SHQGLWXUHV ZDV HVWLPDWHG DW 86 ELOOLRQ DQQXDOO\
WKH:RUOG*DPH,QVWLWXWHUHSRUWHGWKDWWKHZRUOGRQO\QHHGHG86
ELOOLRQDQQXDOO\WRSURYLGHVKHOWHU86ELOOLRQWRHOLPLQDWHVWDUYDWLRQ
DQG PDOQXWULWLRQ 86 ELOOLRQ WR SURYLGH VDIH DQG FOHDQ ZDWHU DQG
86 ELOOLRQ WR HOLPLQDWH LOOLWHUDF\³ÀJXUHV WKDW DUH ZD\ VPDOOHU FRP
SDUHGWRWKHDQQXDOZRUOGPLOLWDU\H[SHQGLWXUHVWRVROYHWKHPDMRUFRQ
FHUQV IDFLQJ KXPDQLW\ :RUOG *DPH ,QVWLWXWH DV FLWHG E\ WKH 8QLWHG
1DWLRQV'HSDUWPHQWRI 3XEOLF,QIRUPDWLRQ 

1RQYLROHQFHZRUNV7KHFODVVLFH[DPSOHVRI VXFFHVVVWRULHVRI QRQYLR


OHQWGLUHFWDFWLRQZRXOGEHWKRVHLQLWLDWHGE\0RKDQGDV*DQGKLLQ,QGLD
WKDWOHGWRWKH+LQGXSHRSOH·VOLEHUDWLRQIURP%ULWLVKRFFXSDWLRQDQGE\
0DUWLQ/XWKHU.LQJ-ULQWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVRI $PHULFDWKDWUHVXOWHGWR
WKHDGRSWLRQRI WKH&LYLO5LJKWV$FWRI ZKLFKGHVHJUHJDWHGSXEOLF
DFFRPPRGDWLRQVHYHU\ZKHUHLQWKHQDWLRQDQGWKHDGRSWLRQRI WKH9RW
LQJ5LJKWV$FWRI ZKLFKDOORZHG%ODFNSHRSOHWRYRWH
%HORZDUHRWKHUH[DPSOHVRI QRQYLROHQWVXFFHVVVWRULHV

‡ ,QWKH3KLOLSSLQHVVXUSULVHGWKHZRUOGZLWKLWVYHUVLRQRI 
QRQYLROHQWDFWLRQ3HRSOHZHUHDEOHWRSHDFHIXOO\RYHUWKURZWKH
GLFWDWRULDOUHJLPHRI )HUGLQDQG0DUFRVLQDQRQYLROHQWXSULVLQJ
WKH\ FDOOHG ´3HRSOH 3RZHUµ 1RQYLROHQW GLUHFW DFWLRQ DFWLYLWLHV
ZHUHVLPLODUO\HPSOR\HGE\WKH)LOLSLQRSHRSOHLQWRRYHU


Promoting Nonviolence

WKURZ-RVHSK(MHUFLWR(VWUDGDZKRZDVSHUFHLYHGWREHDQLP
PRUDODQGFRUUXSWSUHVLGHQW
‡ ,Q  WKH SHRSOH RI  &KLOH VXFFHHGHG LQ GHIHDWLQJ WKH ´\HVµ
YRWHIRU3LQRFKHWZKRUXOHGWKHFRXQWU\XQGHUPLOLWDU\GLFWDWRU
VKLSIRU\HDUVZKHUHWKRXVDQGVZHUHWRUWXUHGH[HFXWHGDQG
H[LOHG UXWKOHVV UDLGV ZHUH FRQGXFWHG FLWL]HQV· ULJKWV ZHUH OLP
LWHGSXEOLFDWLRQVZHUHFORVHGGRZQDQGVFKRROVZHUHSXWXQGHU
VXUYHLOODQFH7KHJRDORI WKH&KXUFKWRPDNH3LQRFKHW·VFULPHV
NQRZQIDUDQGZLGHYLDQXPHURXVQRQYLROHQWWDFWLFVKHOSHGLQ
JDLQLQJLQWHUQDWLRQDODWWHQWLRQWRWKH&KLOHDQSHRSOHV·SOLJKW
‡ 7KH SHRSOH RI  6RXWK $IULFD XQGHU WKH OHDGHUVKLS RI  1HOVRQ
0DQGHOD DQG $UFKELVKRS 'HVPRQG 7XWXVXFFHHGHGLQ HQGLQJ
WKHDSDUWKHLGSROLF\ZKLFKZDVSHQQHGLQWR´PDLQWDLQZKLWH
VXSUHPDF\µ,QWKHQ3UHVLGHQW:LOKHOPGH.OHUNOLIWHGEDQ
RQRSSRVLWLRQJURXSVUHOHDVHGSROLWLFDOSULVRQHUVDQGHQGHGWKH
VWDWHRI HPHUJHQF\DQGUHVWULFWLRQVRI WKHSUHVV,Q1HOVRQ
0DQGHODEHFDPHWKHÀUVW%ODFN3UHVLGHQWRI 6RXWK$IULFD
‡ ,Q&HQWUDO$PHULFD2VFDU$ULDVXVHGWKHSRZHURI GLDORJXHDQG
QRQYLROHQWSHUVXDVLRQWRFRQYLQFHWKH3UHVLGHQWVRI +RQGXUDV
*XDWHPDOD(O6DOYDGRUDQG1LFDUDJXDWRVWRSUHFHLYLQJPLOLWDU\
DLGIURPWKH86DQGWKH8665DPRQJRWKHUWKLQJVWKH\DJUHHG
RQDVVWLSXODWHGLQWKH3HDFH$FFRUGV&HQWUDO$PHULFDZDV
WKHDUHQDRI WKHWZRVXSHUSRZHUV·&ROG:DU$ULDV·QRQYLROHQW
WDFWLFV KHOSHG SHDFH WR FRPH WR &HQWUDO $PHULFD ZKHUH PRUH
WKDQFDVXDOWLHVPRVWRI ZKRPZHUHFLYLOLDQVZHUHNLOOHG
DWWKHKHLJKWRI WKHSUR[\ZDUV $ULDV 
:KDWLV1RQYLROHQW'LUHFW$FWLRQ"
*HQH6KDUS  KDVLGHQWLÀHGPHWKRGVRI QRQYLROHQWDFWLRQ
1RQYLROHQWDFWLRQUHIHUVWRHIIRUWVWRSHUVXDGHZLWKDFWLRQYLDPHWKRGV
RI SURWHVWQRQFRRSHUDWLRQDQGLQWHUYHQWLRQZLWKRXWXVLQJSK\VLFDOYLR
OHQFH


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

%HORZ DUH VRPH H[DPSOHV RI  6KDUS RQ WKHVH PHWKRGV PDQ\ RI 


ZKLFKZHUHXVHGWLPHDQGDJDLQLQYDULRXVQRQYLROHQWVWUXJJOHVDURXQG
WKHZRUOG

džĂŵƉůĞƐŽĨEŽŶǀŝŽůĞŶƚŝƌĞĐƚĐƟŽŶ
EŽŶǀŝŽůĞŶƚWƌŽƚĞƐƚĂŶĚWĞƌƐƵĂƐŝŽŶ
ͶƐĞĞŬƐƚŽƉƌŽĚƵĐĞĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞĚŝƐƐĞŶƚ
ͻ WĞƟƟŽŶƐ
ͻ ĂŶŶĞƌƐ͕ƉŽƐƚĞƌƐ
ͻ >ŽďďLJŝŶŐ
ͻ ,ĂƵŶƟŶŐŽĸĐŝĂůƐ
ͻ ^ŝŶŐŝŶŐ
ͻ DĂƌĐŚĞƐ
ͻ WƌĂLJĞƌƌĂůůŝĞƐ
ͻ DŽĐŬĨƵŶĞƌĂůƐ
ͻ sŝŐŝůƐ
EŽŶǀŝŽůĞŶƚŶŽŶĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ
ͶƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐƚŚĞŽƉƉŽŶĞŶƚĚŝĸĐƵůƟĞƐŝŶŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŚĞŶŽƌŵĂů
ŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐLJƐƚĞŵ
ͻ ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ͛ďŽLJĐŽƩ
ͻ 'ĞŶĞƌĂůƐƚƌŝŬĞ
ͻ ŝǀŝůĚŝƐŽďĞĚŝĞŶĐĞ
EŽŶǀŝŽůĞŶƚŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶ
ͶĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐƚŚĞŽƉƉŽŶĞŶƚŵŽƌĞĚŝƌĞĐƚůLJ
ͻ ƐŝƚͲŝŶƐ
ͻ ĨĂƐƚƐ

:KDWDUHWKH*RDOVRI 1RQYLROHQW$FWLRQ"
0/.-ULQKLV´/HWWHUIURP%LUPLQJKDP-DLOµZULWWHQWRHLJKWIHOORZ
FOHUJ\PHQIURP$ODEDPDLQZURWHWKDWQRQYLROHQWDFWLRQVHHNVWR
GUDPDWL]H WKH LVVXH RI  LQMXVWLFH  WR SXW SUHVVXUH RQ WKH DGYHUVDU\ WR


Promoting Nonviolence

FRQIURQWWKHLVVXH+HDOVRZURWHWKDWQRQYLROHQWGLUHFWDFWLRQVHHNVWR
FUHDWHDWHQVLRQFULVLVWKDWZRXOGIRUFHWKHDGYHUVDU\WRRSHQWKHGRRU
WRQHJRWLDWLRQ

$GGLWLRQDOO\QRQYLROHQWGLUHFWDFWLRQVHHNVWRFUHDWHDVLWXDWLRQWKDW
ZRXOGOLEHUDWHYLFWLPVIURPVLOHQFHDQGKHOSOHVVQHVV7KLVZDVHYLGHQW
IRUH[DPSOHLQ&KLOHZKHUHSHRSOHIRU\HDUVVXIIHUHGLQVLOHQFH1RQ
YLROHQWGLUHFWDFWLRQDOORZHGWKHPDOO³PHQZRPHQDQGFKLOGUHQ³WR
SDUWLFLSDWHLQHIIRUWVWRRYHUWKURZDGLFWDWRULDOUHJLPH

1RQYLROHQW GLUHFW DFWLRQ DOVR VHHNV WR JDLQ DWWHQWLRQ DQG FRQVH
TXHQWO\ VXSSRUW IURP WKH ODUJHU FRPPXQLW\ 3HRSOH IURP DURXQG WKH
ZRUOGIRUH[DPSOHZHUHERWKHUHGWRVHH+LQGXVZKLSSHGWRWKHJURXQG
E\WKHDUP\VHUYLQJWKH%ULWLVKJRYHUQPHQWZLWKRXWWKHIRUPHUKLWWLQJ
EDFN3URWHVWVIURPWKHZRUOGFRPPXQLW\KDVWHQHGWKHJUDQWLQJRI LQ
GHSHQGHQFHE\WKH%ULWLVKJRYHUQPHQWWR,QGLD

:KDWDUHWKH6WHSVLQ'RLQJ1RQYLROHQW'LUHFW$FWLRQ"
'LIIHUHQWJURXSVKDYHGLIIHUHQWVWHSVWRGRLQJQRQYLROHQWGLUHFWDF
WLRQ7KH0DUWLQ/XWKHU.LQJ-U&HQWHUIRU1RQYLROHQW6RFLDO&KDQJH
VXJJHVWVVHYHUDOVWHSVLQGRLQJQRQYLROHQWGLUHFWDFWLRQZKLFKZHUHGH
ULYHGIURP0/.-U·V´/HWWHUIURP%LUPLQJKDP-DLOµ7KHLQLWLDOVWHSLV
WRFROOHFWGDWDWRDVFHUWDLQWKDWLQMXVWLFHH[LVWV5HVHDUFKRUWKHJDWKHULQJ
RI LQIRUPDWLRQLVDQLPSRUWDQWÀUVWVWHSWRDQ\QRQYLROHQWVWUXJJOH7KH
RYHUWKURZRI IRUPHU3UHVLGHQW(VWUDGDLQWKH3KLOLSSLQHVIRUH[DPSOH
ZDVODUJHO\DLGHGE\UHYHDOLQJUHSRUWVDQGSKRWRJUDSKVRI KLVPDQVLRQV
PLVWUHVVHVDQGDFFXPXODWHGZHDOWKSXEOLVKHGE\WKH3KLOLSSLQH&HQWHU
IRU,QYHVWLJDWLYH-RXUQDOLVP

7KHVHFRQGVWHSLVWRUDLVHFRQVFLRXVQHVVRI SHRSOHDERXWWKHLVVXH
(GXFDWLRQZKHWKHUIRUPDORULQIRUPDOVKRXOGDLPDWPDNLQJYLFWLPV
XQGHUVWDQGWKHLUSOLJKWDQGEHOLHYHWKDWWKH\FRXOGJHWRXWRI WKHLUVLWX
DWLRQ5DLVLQJFRQVFLRXVQHVVRI ´DGYHUVDULHVµDERXWWKHSUHVHQFHRI LQ


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

MXVWLFHZRXOGDOVRKHOSLQJHWWLQJV\PSDWK\IURPWKHLUUDQNVRUFRXOGDLG
LQWKHLUSURFHVVRI FRQYHUVLRQ

7KH WKLUG VWHS LV WR RUJDQL]H FRQVWLWXHQWV DQG EXLOG FRDOLWLRQV
.QRZOHGJH RI  LQMXVWLFH ZLOO WUDQVODWH WR FKDQJH LI  JURXSV DUH IRUPHG
DQGSUHSDUHGIRUQRQYLROHQWVWUXJJOH2UJDQL]LQJHQWDLOVWKHDQDO\VLVRI 
WKHVLWXDWLRQRI LQMXVWLFHPDNLQJSRVLWLRQVDQGLGHQWLI\LQJUHVSRQVHV
1RQYLROHQW VWUXJJOHV LQ WKH 3KLOLSSLQHV VDZ WKH IRUPDWLRQ RI  YDULRXV
RUJDQL]DWLRQVZKLFKQDPHVYDULHGIURPVHULRXVWRKXPRURXV6RPHRI 
WKHJURXSVIRUPHGIRUH[DPSOHWRUHPRYH-RVHSK(VWUDGDIURPSRZHU
ZHUH 76( 7VXJLLQ VL (UDS  3$5( 3HRSOHV· $FWLRQ WR 5HPRYH (UDS 
DQG&2'(5(' 5HVLJQ(UDS'DOL &RDOLWLRQVDUHPDGHXSRI RUJD
QL]DWLRQVWKDWKDYHFRPHWRJHWKHUWREURDGHQWKHLUUHDFKDQGLQWHQVLI\
WKHLULPSDFW 'LRQLVLR ,Q6RXWK$IULFDIRUH[DPSOHWKHVWUXJJOH
DJDLQVWDSDUWKHLGLQWHQVLÀHGZLWKWKHIRUPDWLRQRI WKH8QLWHG'HPR
FUDWLF)URQWLQ

1RUPDOO\ WKH ÀQDO VWHS WR QRQYLROHQW VWUXJJOHV ZRXOG EH WKH HP
SOR\PHQW RI  WKH YDULRXV PHWKRGV RI  QRQYLROHQW DFWLRQ ,Q WKLV VWDJH
WKHFUHDWLYLW\RI RUJDQL]HUVLVXQOHDVKHG6RPHRI WKHPRUHSURPLQHQW
PHWKRGV WKDW *DQGKL XVHG ZHUH WKH EXUQLQJ RI  V\PEROV SDVVHV DQG
FORWK ER\FRWWVPDUFKHVDQGSXEOLFDVVHPEOLHV7KH&LYLO5LJKWV0RYH
PHQWLQWKHQVHJUHJDWHG$PHULFDEHFDPHHPLQHQWIRULWVOXQFKFRXQWHU
VLWLQV ,WV OHDGHU 0/. -U XVHG SXEOLF DVVHPEOLHV WR GHOLYHU SRZHUIXO
PHVVDJHVVXFKDVWKHFHOHEUDWHG´,+DYHD'UHDPµVSHHFK&LYLOVRFLHW\
JURXSVLQ&KLOHWRRNDGYDQWDJHRI WKHSRZHURI WHOHYLVLRQDQGFUHDWHG
LQIRPHUFLDOVWRFDPSDLJQIRUD´QRµZKHQ3LQRFKHWVFKHGXOHGDSOHELV
FLWH3HRSOHLQWKH3KLOLSSLQHVXVHGWKHSRZHURI SUD\HUWRVKRZWKHLU
SURWHVWDJDLQVWWKH0DUFRVGLFWDWRUVKLS

7KHHQGJRDORI DQRQYLROHQWVWUXJJOHLVFKDQJH*HQH6KDUS  


LGHQWLÀHVIRXUPHFKDQLVPVRI FKDQJH

 &RQYHUVLRQ Ͷ WKH RSSRQHQW FRPHV DURXQG WR D QHZ SRLQW RI 


YLHZZKLFKHPEUDFHVWKHHQGRI WKHQRQYLROHQWDFWLRQLVWV


Promoting Nonviolence

 $FFRPPRGDWLRQ ͶWKHRSSRQHQWLVQRWFRQYHUWHGEXWKDVFRQ


FOXGHGWKDWLWLVEHVWWRDJUHHRQVRPHRUDOORI WKHGHPDQGV

 1RQYLROHQWFRHUFLRQͶWKHRSSRQHQWZDQWVWRFRQWLQXHZLWKWKH
VWUXJJOHEXWLVXQDEOHWRGRVREHFDXVHWKHVRXUFHVRI KLVSRZHUKDYH
EHHQUHPRYHG

 'LVLQWHJUDWLRQ Ͷ WKH RSSRQHQW·V SRZHU KDV EHHQ VLPSO\ GLV


VROYHG
7HDFKLQJ/HDUQLQJ,GHDV
(YHU\ GD\ VLWXDWLRQV RI  YLROHQFH QHJDWLYHO\ LPSDFW RQ LQGLYLGXDOV
,QFUHDVHG DJJUHVVLYH EHKDYLRXU GHVHQVLWL]DWLRQ WR ZDU DQG FRQGLWLRQ
LQJDERXWZDU·VLQHYLWDELOLW\DUHHIIHFWVRI SHRSOHV·FRQVWDQWH[SRVXUHWR
YLROHQWVLWXDWLRQV7KRVHZKRGLUHFWO\H[SHULHQFHYLROHQFHOHDYHYLFWLPV
ZLWKSK\VLFDOHPRWLRQDODQGSV\FKRORJLFDOWUDXPDWKDWUHVXOWWRDQJHU
IHDUDQGLQVHFXULW\

7HDFKHUVFDQGRVRPHWKLQJWRKHOSOHDUQHUVDSSUHFLDWHQRQYLROHQFH
DQG SURPRWH LW DV DQ DOWHUQDWLYH UHVSRQVH WR YLROHQFH +HUH DUH VRPH
VXJJHVWLRQVWRKHOSUDLVHQRQYLROHQWSHUVRQV

‡ %HDJRRGUROHPRGHO([DPLQHRXURZQODQJXDJHH[SUHVVLRQV
DQG EHKDYLRU ZKHQ LQ IUXVWUDWLQJ VLWXDWLRQV ([DPLQH RXU RZQ
IRUPV RI  UHFUHDWLRQ DQG NLQGV RI  HQWHUWDLQPHQW ([DPLQH RXU
RZQDWWLWXGHVWRZDUGZDU/HDUQHUVDUHOLNHVSRQJH7KH\DEVRUE
ZKDWWKH\KHDUDQGVHH
‡ 'HFLGHZLWKWKHVWXGHQWVVRPHUXOHVIRUDSHDFHDEOHFODVVURRP
+DYLQJDKDQGLQLWVIRUPXODWLRQWKHVWXGHQWVZLOOIHHOPRUHUHV
SRQVLEOHWRDELGHE\WKHP3XWXSWKHOLVWLQDFRQVSLFXRXVSODFH
DQGUHIHUWRLWZKHQDUXOHLVYLRODWHG
‡ (QFRXUDJH PRUH FRRSHUDWLYH UDWKHU WKDQ FRPSHWLWLYH DFWLYLWLHV
DQGSOD\(PSKDVL]HWKHMR\RI GRLQJDFODVVURRPDFWLYLW\UDWKHU
WKDQEHLQJUHZDUGHGIRUWKHRXWFRPH


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

‡ &RQVLGHUSHDFHIXOWHFKQLTXHVRI FRQÁLFWUHVROXWLRQRYHUSXQLWLYH
DFWLRQ
‡ (QFRXUDJHUHZDUGRUDIÀUPJRRGEHKDYLRU
‡ 7HDFKDQJHUPDQDJHPHQWWHFKQLTXHV HJEUHDWKHGHHSO\FRXQW
WRWHQRUVD\DOLWWOHSUD\HUZKHQXSVHW 
‡ 7HOOVWRULHVDERXWFRRSHUDWLRQ
‡ 7HDFK\RXUVWXGHQWVERWKORYHRI FRXQWU\DQGFRQFHUQIRUWKH
ZKROHKXPDQFRPPXQLW\1DUURZH[WUHPHQDWLRQDOLVPFDQLQ
ÁXHQFHWKHGHYHORSPHQWRI HQHP\WKLQNLQJ7KHHPSKDVLVWKDW
ZH DOO EHORQJ WR RQH KXPDQ UDFH ZLOO KHOS VWRS OHDUQHUV IURP
GLYLGLQJKXPDQLW\EHWZHHQ´JRRGJX\VµDQG´EDGJX\Vµ
‡ 7DONDERXWSHDFHKHURHV:DUKHURHVDUHLPPRUWDOL]HGLQWKH6R
FLDO6WXGLHVFXUULFXOXP%DODQFHWKHSHUVSHFWLYHE\WDONLQJDERXW
2VFDU $ULDV 5RVD 3DUNV $XQJ 6DQJ 6XX .\L 1LQR\ $TXLQR
$UFKELVKRS 'HVPRQG 7XWX :DQJDUL 0DDWKDL $EGXO *KDIIDU
.KDQ)UDQ]-DJHUVWDWWHUDPRQJRWKHUV
‡ 6SHDNRXWDQGWDNHDFWLRQDJDLQVWEXOO\LQJDQGRWKHUIRUPVRI 
YLROHQFHLQWKHFODVVURRPRURQFDPSXV
‡ :DWFKÀOPVGRFXPHQWDULHVRQQRQYLROHQWVWUXJJOHV HJ*DQ
GKL  DQG LQYLWH VWXGHQWV WR UHÁHFW RQ WKH QRQYLROHQW OHDGHU·V
WKRXJKWVWHDFKLQJVSULQFLSOHV
 6DPSOHTXHVWLRQV

 :KDWSULQFLSOHVRI WKHQRQYLROHQWOHDGHUGR\RXUHODWHZLWKWKH


PRVW":K\"
 $UHWKHVHSULQFLSOHVWHDFKLQJVSUDFWLFDODQGVWLOODSSOLFDEOHLQWR
GD\·VZRUOG":K\RUZK\QRW"
‡ $VN\RXUVWXGHQWVWRUHVHDUFKRQWKHWHDFKLQJVRI WKHPDMRUUH
OLJLRQV RQ QRQYLROHQFH DQG UHVSHFW IRU OLIH $VN WKHP WR PDNH
SRVWHUVRI WKHLUIDYRULWHWHDFKLQJ


Promoting Nonviolence

‡ $OORZVWXGHQWVWRH[SHULHQFHFUHDWLQJWKHLURZQQRQYLROHQWFDP
SDLJQPDWHULDOVDJDLQVWZDU HJSRVWHUVÁ\HUVVORJDQVFDULFD
WXUHVSRHPVRQJSHWLWLRQOHWWHUVDQGVRRQ 
‡ :ULWHD´OHWWHUWRWKHHGLWRUµLQFODVVRQDUHOHYDQWSROLWLFDOLVVXH
DQGVXEPLWJRRGRXWSXWWRPDMRUGDLOLHV
‡ 7DNH\RXUVWXGHQWVWR&RQJUHVVDQGOREE\RQLVVXHVVXFKDVDUPV
FRQWURODQGODQGPLQHV·EDQ
‡ &DVHDQDO\VLVDQGUROHSOD\*LYHVLWXDWLRQVRI YLROHQFHIRUVWX
GHQWV WR DQDO\]H DQG FKDOOHQJH WKHP WR PDS RXW D QRQYLROHQW
WDFWLFSODQ$VNWKHPWRDFWRXWRQHPHWKRGWKDWZLOOHIIHFWLYHO\
UHVSRQGWRWKHVLWXDWLRQ
‡ $VN VWXGHQWV WR LQWHUYLHZ QRQYLROHQW DGYRFDWHV RQ WKHLU SULQ
FLSOHVDQGDGYRFDFLHV
‡ $IWHUVWXG\LQJWKHWKRXJKWVRI UHOLJLRXVDQGVHFXODUWHDFKHUVDQG
SUDFWLWLRQHUV RI  QRQYLROHQFH PDNH D OLVW RI  TXRWHV IURP WKHVH
QRQYLROHQW WHDFKHUVWKLQNHUVDFWLYLVWV DQG DVN VWXGHQWV WR ÀQG
RXWIURPRWKHUVWXGHQWVZKRVDLGHDFKTXRWH$VDPSOHLVVKRZQ
EHORZ

tŚŽ^ĂŝĚtŚĂƚ͍
ŝƌĞĐƟŽŶƐ͗&ŝŶĚƐŽŵĞŽŶĞŝŶĐůĂƐƐǁŚŽŬŶŽǁƐƚŚĞƐŽƵƌĐĞŽĨƚŚĞĨŽůͲ
ůŽǁŝŶŐ ƋƵŽƚĞƐ͘ ƐŬƚŚŝƐ ĐůĂƐƐŵĂƚĞƚŽ ǁƌŝƚĞŚŝƐͬŚĞƌĂŶƐǁĞƌĂŶĚ ƚŽ
ĂĸdžŚŝƐͬŚĞƌƐŝŐŶĂƚƵƌĞŽŶLJŽƵƌůŝƐƚ͘zŽƵĂƌĞŶŽƚĂůůŽǁĞĚƚŽƐŝŐŶŽŶ
LJŽƵƌŽǁŶůŝƐƚ͘ƉĞƌƐŽŶŵĂLJƐŝŐŶŽŶLJŽƵƌůŝƐƚŽŶůLJŽŶĐĞ͘

ϭ͘tĞĐĂŶŶŽƚŐĞƚĂƌŽƐĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƉůĂŶƟŶŐĂŶŽdžŝŽƵƐǁĞĞĚ͘
ŶƐǁĞƌ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ^ŝŐŶĂƚƵƌĞ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ
Ϯ͘tĞĂƉŽŶƐĂƌĞŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐŽĨĞǀŝů͕ŶŽƚƚŚĞŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐŽĨĂŐŽŽĚ
ƌƵůĞƌ͘
ŶƐǁĞƌ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ^ŝŐŶĂƚƵƌĞ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ
ϯ͘ŶŐĞƌĐƌĞĂƚĞƐĂŶŐĞƌ͘,ĞǁŚŽŬŝůůƐǁŝůůďĞŬŝůůĞĚ͘
ŶƐǁĞƌ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ^ŝŐŶĂƚƵƌĞ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ
ϰ͘WĞĂĐĞǁŝůůŶŽƚďĞĂĐŚŝĞǀĞĚďLJŶĂƟŽŶĂůŝƐƟĐƉŽƐƚƵƌŝŶŐĂŶĚĂƌŵƐ


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

ƌĂĐĞƐďƵƚďLJĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůŚƵŵĂŶŶĞĞĚƐ͘
ŶƐǁĞƌ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ^ŝŐŶĂƚƵƌĞ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ
ϱ͘ dŚĞ ŽƉƉƌĞƐƐŽƌ ŵƵƐƚ ďĞ ůŝďĞƌĂƚĞĚ ĂƐ ƚŚĞ ŽƉƉƌĞƐƐĞĚ ĨŽƌ Ăůů ŚĂĚ
ďĞĞŶƌŽďďĞĚŽĨŚƵŵĂŶŝƚLJ͘
ŶƐǁĞƌ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ^ŝŐŶĂƚƵƌĞ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ
ϲ͘dŚĞůĂĐŬŽĨĐŽŶĐĞƌŶĨŽƌǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞƚŚĂƚŚĂƉƉĞŶƐŝŶƉůĂĐĞƐĨĂƌĂǁĂLJ
ĨƌŽŵƵƐŝƐŶŽƚŶŽŶǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞ͘
ŶƐǁĞƌ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ^ŝŐŶĂƚƵƌĞ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ
ϳ͘dŚĞƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶƐĂƌĞŵŽƌĞŝŶĐůŝŶĞĚƚŽǁĂƌĚ
ǁŚĂƚŝƐƉĞĂĐĞĨƵů͕ŶŽƚǁŚĂƚŝƐŚĂƚĞĨƵůŽƌǀŝŽůĞŶƚ͘
ŶƐǁĞƌ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ^ŝŐŶĂƚƵƌĞ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ

ϴ͘sŝŽůĞŶĐĞĂƐĂǁĂLJŽĨĂĐŚŝĞǀŝŶŐ͙ũƵƐƟĐĞŝƐďŽƚŚŝŵƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůĂŶĚ
ŝŵŵŽƌĂů͘/ƚŝƐŝŵƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůďĞĐĂƵƐĞŝƚŝƐĂĚĞƐĐĞŶĚŝŶŐƐƉŝƌĂůĞŶĚŝŶŐŝŶ
ĚĞƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶĨŽƌĂůů͘/ƚŝƐŝŵŵŽƌĂůďĞĐĂƵƐĞŝƚƐĞĞŬƐƚŽĂŶŶŝŚŝůĂƚĞƌĂƚŚͲ
ĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŽĐŽŶǀĞƌƚ͙ŝƚƚŚƌŝǀĞƐŽŶŚĂƚƌĞĚƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶůŽǀĞ͘/ƚĚĞƐƚƌŽLJƐ
ĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂŶĚŵĂŬĞƐďƌŽƚŚĞƌŚŽŽĚŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞ͘sŝŽůĞŶĐĞĞŶĚƐďLJ
ĚĞĨĞĂƟŶŐŝƚƐĞůĨ͘/ƚĐƌĞĂƚĞƐďŝƩĞƌŶĞƐƐŝŶƚŚĞƐƵƌǀŝǀŽƌƐĂŶĚďƌƵƚĂůŝƚLJŝŶ
ƚŚĞĚĞƐƚƌŽLJĞƌƐ͘
ŶƐǁĞƌ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ^ŝŐŶĂƚƵƌĞ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ
ϵ͘dǁŽǁƌŽŶŐƐǁŝůůŶŽƚŵĂŬĞŽŶĞƌŝŐŚƚ͙ǁĞƌĞĂƉĞdžĂĐƚůLJĂƐǁĞƐŽǁ͘
ŶƐǁĞƌ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ^ŝŐŶĂƚƵƌĞ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ
ϭϬ͘ŽŶŽƚƚĂŬĞƌĞǀĞŶŐĞŽŶƐŽŵĞŽŶĞǁŚŽǁƌŽŶŐƐLJŽƵ͘
ŶƐǁĞƌ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ^ŝŐŶĂƚƵƌĞ͗ͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺͺ

;ŶƐǁĞƌ<ĞLJ͗ϭ͘'ĂŶĚŚŝ͕Ϯ͘>ĂŽdnjƵ͕ϯ͘dŚĞƵĚĚŚĂ͕ϰ͘ƌŝĂƐ͕ϱ͘DĂŶĚĞůĂ͕ϲ͘ĂͲ
ůĂŝ>ĂŵĂ͕ϳ͘ĂůĂŝ>ĂŵĂ͕ϴ͘D><͕:ƌ͕͘ϵ͘'ĂŶĚŚŝ͕ϭϬ͘:ĞƐƵƐͿ

$IWHUWKHDFWLYLW\DVNWKHIROORZLQJTXHVWLRQV

‡ :KDWGRHVHDFKTXRWHWHOOXV"
‡ :RXOGWKHVHWHDFKLQJVEHDSSOLFDEOHLQFRQWHPSRUDU\WLPHV"

1RQYLROHQFH LV D SUDFWLFDO DQG YLDEOH RSWLRQ EHFDXVH LW FKDOOHQJHV


WKHYHU\VRXUFHRI SRZHU$V6KDUS  DVVHUWVZKHQSHRSOHLQJUHDW


Promoting Nonviolence

QXPEHUV ZLWKGUDZ WKHLU VXSSRUW DQG FRRSHUDWLRQ IURP JRYHUQPHQW


SRZHUGLVLQWHJUDWHV$GGLWLRQDOO\WKHRQJRLQJWHFKQRORJLFDOUHYROXWLRQ
KDVDOORZHGFLWL]HQVRI WKHZRUOGWRNQRZRI EUXWDOLW\H[SHULHQFHGE\
SHRSOHIURPDURXQGWKHZRUOGPRUHHDVLO\+HQFHLWLVOHVVGLIÀFXOWWR
PRELOL]HSHRSOHDJDLQVWLQMXVWLFHDVLQWHUQDWLRQDOPHGLDDQGLQWHUQDWLRQDO
QRQJRYHUQPHQWRUJDQL]DWLRQVDUHTXLFNWRUHVSRQG*RYHUQPHQWVDUH
DOVRJHQHUDOO\PRUHGHFLVLYHLQZLWKKROGLQJHFRQRPLFSULYLOHJHVDQGLP
SRVLQJVDQFWLRQVDJDLQVWEUXWDOUHJLPHV7KHVHDQGPRUHDFFRUGLQJWR
$FNHUPDQDQG'X9DOO  RIIHURSSUHVVHGSHRSOHIURPDURXQGWKH
ZRUOGPRUHODWLWXGHLQRSSRVLQJLQMXVWLFHQRQYLROHQWO\


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

Šƒ’–‡”ͺ

&KDOOHQJLQJWKH:DU6\VWHP

7
KH ZRUG ´ZDUµ LV IURP WKH )UDQNLVK*HUPDQ ZRUG ´ZHUUDµ
ZKLFKPHDQVFRQIXVLRQGLVFRUGRUVWULIH7KH6WDQIRUG(QF\
FORSHGLDRI 3KLORVRSK\ 6(3   GHÀQHVZDUDVDQDFWXDO
LQWHQWLRQDODQGZLGHVSUHDGDUPHGFRQÁLFWEHWZHHQSROLWLFDOFRPPXQL
WLHV3ROLWLFDOFRPPXQLWLHVDUHHQWLWLHVZKLFKHLWKHUDUHVWDWHVRULQWHQGWR
EHFRPHVWDWHV:DULVFODVVLFDORULQWHUQDWLRQDOLI LWLVEHWZHHQVWDWHVRU
FLYLORULQWHUQDOLI LWRFFXUVEHWZHHQULYDOJURXSVRUFRPPXQLWLHVZLWKLQ
D VWDWH 6(3 QRWHV WKDW QRQVWDWH DFWRUV PD\ EH FRQVLGHUHG ´SROLWLFDO
FRPPXQLWLHVµVLQFHWKH\KDYHDSROLWLFDOSXUSRVH

$JJUHVVLRQDQGPDMRUDUPHGFRQÁLFWVDUHLQWHUFKDQJHDEO\XVHGZLWK
WKH ZRUG ´ZDUµ $JJUHVVLRQ LV GHÀQHG E\ WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV DV WKH
XVHRI DUPHGIRUFHE\D6WDWHDJDLQVWWKHVRYHUHLJQW\WHUULWRULDOLQWHJ
ULW\RUSROLWLFDOLQGHSHQGHQFHRI DQRWKHU6WDWHRULQDQ\RWKHUPDQQHU
ZZZXQGRFXPHQWVQHW $PDMRUDUPHGFRQÁLFWRQWKHRWKHUKDQGLV
GHÀQHGE\3URMHFW3ORXJKVKDUHV  DVDSROLWLFDOFRQÁLFWLQZKLFK
DUPHGÀJKWLQJLQYROYHVWKHDUPHGIRUFHVRI DWOHDVWRQHVWDWH RURQHRU
PRUHDUPHGIDFWLRQVVHHNLQJWRJDLQFRQWURORI DOORUSDUWRI WKHVWDWH 
DQGLQZKLFKSHRSOHKDYHEHHQNLOOHGE\WKHZDUIDUHGXULQJWKH
FRXUVHRI WKHFRQÁLFW

,QWKHUHZHUHDUPHGFRQÁLFWVZDJHGLQFRXQWULHV
RI  ZKLFK ZHUH LQ $IULFD DQG DQRWKHU  LQ $VLD 3URMHFW 3ORXJK
VKDUHV 6,35,81(6&2  ZULWHVWKDWWKHFODVVLFDOLQWHUVWDWH
FRQÁLFWVDUHJUDGXDOO\GLVDSSHDULQJDQGWKDWLQWHUQDOFRQÁLFWVQRZGR


Challenging the War System

PLQDWHWKHEDWWOHVFHQH

:KDWFDXVHVZDU"7KHUHDUHSHRSOHZKREHOLHYHWKDWWKHKXPDQSHU
VRQLVWKHFDXVHRI ZDUDFFHSWLQJDVWUXHWKHFRQWHQWLRQWKDWDJJUHVVLRQ
LVDQLQQDWHLQVWLQFW7KHFRQWHQWLRQWKDWDJJUHVVLRQLVDQXQDYRLGDEOH
IHDWXUH RI  KXPDQ QDWXUH LV SXW IRUZDUG E\ ERWK 6LJPXQG )UHXG DQG
.RQUDG/RUHQ] .UDKHLQ6HPLQDQG)LHGOHU 

7KLVFRQWHQWLRQKRZHYHUZDVFKDOOHQJHGE\WKH´6HYLOOH6WDWHPHQW
RQ 9LROHQFHµ HQGRUVHG E\ 81(6&2 ZZZSRUWDOXQHVFRRUJ  7KLV
VWDWHPHQWH[SODLQVWKDWZDURUDQ\RWKHUYLROHQWEHKDYLRULVQRWJHQHWL
FDOO\SURJUDPPHGLQWRRXUKXPDQQDWXUH7KHVWDWHPHQWSXWVIRUZDUG
WKDW ´YLROHQFH LV QHLWKHU LQ RXU HYROXWLRQDU\ OHJDF\ QRU LQ RXU JHQHVµ
DQGWKDW´KRZZHDFWLVVKDSHGE\KRZZHKDYHEHHQFRQGLWLRQHGDQG
VRFLDOL]HGµ
3RVVLEOH&DXVHVRI :DU
7HUULWRULDOGLVSXWHVKDYHEHHQUHJDUGHGDVWKHPRUHFRPPRQFDXVHV
RI ZDU+XWK  GHÀQHVWHUULWRULDOGLVSXWHVDVWKHGLVDJUHHPHQWEHW
ZHHQVWDWHVRUJURXSVZLWKLQDVWDWHRYHUZKHUHWKHLUKRPHODQGRUERU
GHUVVKRXOGEHÀ[HG,WDOVRSHUWDLQVWRWKHFKDOOHQJHDFRXQWU\SRVHV
RYHUWKHULJKWRI DQRWKHUWRH[HUFLVHVRYHUHLJQW\RYHUVRPHRULWVHQWLUH
KRPHODQG7KHPRVWQRWDEOHWHUULWRULDOGLVSXWHLQKLVWRU\ZRXOGEHWKDW
EHWZHHQ ,VUDHO DQG 3DOHVWLQH 2WKHU H[DPSOHV RI  FRQWHVWV LQ WHUULWRU\
LQFOXGHWKRVHZDJHGE\WKH0RUR,VODPLF/LEHUDWLRQ)URQWLQWKH3KLOLS
SLQHVDQGE\WKHVHSDUDWLVWVLQWKH%DVTXH6SDLQ7HUULWRULDOGLVSXWHVDUH
RIWHQWLHGZLWKWKHTXHVWIRULQGHSHQGHQFHRUVRYHUHLJQW\DVZKDWWKH
&KHFKHQVSXUVXHLQ5XVVLD

$ ODFN RI  WROHUDQFH IRU GLIIHUHQFHV LV DQ HPHUJLQJ VRXUFH RI  FRQ


ÁLFWV'LIIHUHQFHVPD\EHLQQDWLRQDOLW\FODQPHPEHUVKLSHWKQLFLW\RU
UHOLJLRXV DIÀOLDWLRQ 2IWHQWLPHV WKRXJK GLIIHUHQFHV RQO\ DJJUDYDWH DQ
RQJRLQJFRQÁLFWZKLFKLVQRUPDOO\FDXVHGE\RWKHUIDFWRUVVXFKDVODQG
GLVSXWHVDQGSROLWLFDORUHFRQRPLFUHSUHVVLRQ7KHWHQVLRQEHWZHHQWKH


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

7XWVLV DQG WKH +XWXV LQ $IULFD JRHV EDFN WR D KLVWRU\ RI  FRORQLDOLVP
ZKHUHRQHSDUW\IHOWDJJULHYHG

,GHRORJLFDORUSRZHUVWUXJJOHVDUHVRXUFHVRI ZDULQYDULRXVFRXQ
WULHV$QLGHRORJ\LVDVHWRI EHOLHIVZKLFKVHUYHVDVJXLGHRQKRZSR
ZHUVKRXOGEHDOORFDWHGRUKRZDVRFLHW\VKRXOGIXQFWLRQ:HVHHPDQ\
JURXSVFKDOOHQJLQJWKHVWDWXVTXRZLWKQRQVWDWHDUPHGJURXSVRUSR
ZHUKROGHUVEHOLHYLQJWKDWWKHSROLWLFDOLGHRORJ\HDFKRQHKDVZRXOGZRUN
EHWWHUIRUWKHSRSXODWLRQ7KHZDUVZDJHGE\WKH0DRLVWVLQ1HSDOWKH
6KLQLQJ3DWKLQ3HUXDQGWKH&RPPXQLVW3DUW\LQWKH3KLOLSSLQHV²1HZ
3HRSOHV·$UP\DUHH[DPSOHVRI LGHRORJLFDOZDUV

7KH3HQJXLQ$WODVRI :DUDQG3HDFH  LQGLFDWHVWKDWZDUVWRGD\


DUHFRQFHQWUDWHGLQWKHSRRUHVWFRXQWULHV2I WKHFRXQWULHVFODVVLÀHGE\
WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV +XPDQ 'HYHORSPHQW 5HSRUW DV VKRZLQJ ORZ GH
YHORSPHQWH[SHULHQFHGFLYLOZDUVLQ²&RQYHUVHO\FDVH
VWXG\ZRUNVXJJHVWVWKDWLWLVQRWWKHLQHTXDOLW\EHWZHHQLQGLYLGXDOVEXW
WKHLQHTXDOLW\EHWZHHQJURXSVFDOOHGFDWHJRULFDOLQHTXDOLW\WKDWEUHHGV
FRQÁLFWV ,QHTXDOLW\ EHWZHHQ JURXSV RU UHJLRQV ZLWKLQ D VWDWH SURGX
FHVJULHYDQFHVWKDWFRQVHTXHQWO\LQFUHDVHWKHFKDQFHVRI UHEHOOLRQ 3D[
&KULVWL DQG 6RFLDO $OHUW ,QWHUQDWLRQDO   7KH ZDU LQ 6XGDQ LV DQ
H[DPSOHRI DFRQÁLFWWKDWLVIHGE\FDWHJRULFDOLQHTXDOLW\,QWKH3KLOLS
SLQHVWKH3KLOLSSLQH+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW5HSRUW  SRVLWVWKDWWKH
IUHTXHQF\RI DUPHGFRQÁLFWLVQRWGLUHFWO\UHODWHGWRWKHLQFLGHQFHRI 
LQFRPHSRYHUW\5DWKHULWLVGHSULYDWLRQDQGLQMXVWLFHWKDWOLHDWWKHKHDUW
RI DUPHGFRQÁLFW´7KHSUHVHQFHRUDEVHQFHRI EDVLFVHUYLFHVVXFKDV
HOHFWULF SRZHU HGXFDWLRQ UHOLDEOH ZDWHU VXSSO\ DQG URDG WUDQVSRUW LV
DQ LPSRUWDQWFRPSRQHQW WKDW IHHGVLQWR ZKHWKHU FRPPXQLWLHVUHJDUG
WKHPVHOYHVDVGHSULYHGRUQRWµ S 

$KLVWRU\RI FRORQLDOLVPDQGWKHSURFHVVRI GHFRORQL]DWLRQLVRQH


RWKHUFDXVHRI DUPHGFRQÁLFWV2IWHQWKHWUDQVIHURI SRZHUEHFRPHV
SUREOHPDWLFZLWKJURXSVZLWKLQWKHFRXQWU\FRPSHWLQJIRUFRQWURODQG
DXWKRULW\,Q$IULFDZLGHVSUHDGÀJKWLQJLQGLFDWHVWKDWWKHSHRSOHKDYH


Challenging the War System

QRWIXOO\UHFRYHUHGIURPWKHH[SHULHQFH0DQ\FRXQWULHVLQWKHFRQWL
QHQWKDYHLQWHUQDORUFLYLOZDUV6XGDQDQGWKH'HPRFUDWLF5HSXEOLFRI 
&RQJRDUHH[DPSOHVRI FRXQWULHVLQ$IULFDWKDWDUHH[SHULHQFLQJORQJ
UXQQLQJEDWWOHV

&RQÁLFWVFDQDOVREHFDXVHGE\FRPSHWLWLRQIRUUHVRXUFHVH[WUHPH
DEXVH RI  KXPDQ ULJKWV GHVLUH RI  OHDGHUV WR VWD\ LQ SRZHU QDUURZ RU
H[WUHPHQDWLRQDOLVPDQGV\PSDWK\IRUNLQDFURVVERUGHUV7KHFRPSHWL
WLRQWRÀOOSRZHUYDFXXPVSROLWLFDODQGHFRQRPLFOHJDFLHVRI WKH&ROG
:DUDQGWKHUHDG\DYDLODELOLW\RI ZHDSRQVDUHDOVRLGHQWLÀHGDVIDFWRUV
WKDWFDQKHLJKWHQYLROHQFH &DUQHJLH&RPPLVVLRQRQ3UHYHQWLQJ'HDGO\
&RQÁLFW 

7KH(IIHFWVRI :DU
7KHPRVWKRUULEOHHIIHFWRI ZDULVGHDWK:+2  UHSRUWVWKDW
RQHSHUVRQGLHHYHU\VHFRQGVHDFKGD\DVDUHVXOWRI DUPHGYLROHQFH
7KH3HQJXLQ$WODVRI :DUDQG3HDFH  LQGLFDWHVWKDWDSSUR[LPDWHO\
RI WKRVHNLOOHGLQZDUVWRGD\DUHFLYLOLDQVRUQRQFRPEDWDQWV2WKHU
VRXUFHVHVWLPDWHFLYLOLDQGHDWKVWRHYHQEHKLJKHULHDVPDQ\DV
FDVXDOWLHV $FFRUGLQJ WR 81,&() ´FLYLOLDQ IDWDOLWLHV LQ ZDUWLPH KDYH
FOLPEHGIURPDWWKHWXUQRI WKHFHQWXU\«WRPRUHWKDQLQWKH
ZDUVRI WKHVµ

:DUVDOVRUHVXOWLQWKHFRPPLWPHQWRI DWURFLWLHVZKLFKDUHDFWVWKDW
JREH\RQGZKDWLVWROHUDEOHEHFDXVHRI WKHFRPPRQO\KHOGQRWLRQWKDW
LQ ZDU DQ\WKLQJ JRHV 0DVVDFUHV WRUWXUHV GLVDSSHDUDQFHV VH[XDO YLR
OHQFHLQFOXGLQJUDSHH[HFXWLRQVDVVDVVLQDWLRQVERPELQJEXUQLQJDQG
NLGQDSSLQJDUHH[DPSOHVRI DWURFLRXVDFWV,Q5ZDQGDLQ
SHRSOH ZHUH NLOOHG LQ VL[ ZHHNV DQG PDQ\ ZRPHQ ZKR VXUYLYHG WKH
JHQRFLGHZHUHUDSHG 3HQJXLQ$WODV ,QWKH'HPRFUDWLF5HSXE
OLF RI  WKH &RQJR WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 5HVFXH &RPPLWWHH KDG UHJLVWHUHG
FDVHVRI JHQGHUEDVHGYLROHQFHVLQFH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO*HQHYD
&HQWUHIRUWKH'HPRFUDWLF&RQWURORI $UPHG)RUFHV 


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

:DUVDOVRFDXVHSHRSOHWRÁHHWKHLUKRPHV$WWKHHQGRI WKHWK
FHQWXU\WKHUHZHUHDSSUR[LPDWHO\PLOOLRQSHRSOHZKROHIWWKHLUKRPHV
WR EHFRPH UHIXJHHV DEURDG RU LQ WKHLU RZQ FRXQWULHV IRU IHDU RI  ZDU
DQGSHUVHFXWLRQ 3HQJXLQ$WODV 7KH,QWHUQDWLRQDO2UJDQL]DWLRQ
IRU0LJUDWLRQUHSRUWHGWKDWWKH81+LJK&RPPLVVLRQHUIRU5HIXJHHV
SODFHGWKHQXPEHURI UHIXJHHVLQDWPLOOLRQZKLOHWKH1RUZH
JLDQ5HIXJHH&RXQFLOSODFHGWKHQXPEHURI LQWHUQDOO\GLVSODFHGSHUVRQV
DWPLOOLRQE\WKHHQGRI ,Q,UDTPRUHWKDQPLOOLRQ,UDTLV
KDYHOHIWWKHLUKRPHVVLQFHPRUHWKDQPLOOLRQDUHLQWHUQDOO\GLV
SODFHGDQGPRUHWKDQPLOOLRQZHQWWRQHLJKERULQJFRXQWULHV &KULVWLDQ
3HDFH:LWQHVVIRU,UDT 

:DUVFDXVHZHDSRQVWRSUROLIHUDWH7KHWRWDOQXPEHURI LGHQWLÀHG
QXFOHDU ZHDSRQV LQ WKH ZRUOG LV  RI  ZKLFK  DUH DFWLYHO\
GHSOR\HG 1*2&RPPLWWHHRQ'LVDUPDPHQW ZLWKQLQHNQRZQ
FRXQWULHVLQSRVVHVVLRQ7KHWKUHDWRI XVHRI QXFOHDUZHDSRQVKDVLQ
FUHDVHGLQUHFHQW\HDUV7KHLVVXHRI ODQGPLQHVLVDQRWKHUFRQFHUQ/DQG
PLQHVFDQUHPDLQDFWLYHORQJDIWHUWKHZDULVRYHU(YHU\PRQWKPRUH
WKDQWZRWKRXVDQGSHRSOHDUHNLOOHGRUPDLPHGE\ODQGPLQHH[SORVLRQV
DQGPRVWRI WKRVHNLOOHGDUHFLYLOLDQV +DJXH$SSHDOIRU3HDFHQG 

6PDOODUPVRQWKHRWKHUKDQGDUHWKHZHDSRQRI FKRLFHIRUPRVW
DUPHGFRQÁLFWVDVWKH\DUHLQH[SHQVLYHDQGKDQG\7KHUHDUHDURXQG
PLOOLRQ JXQV FLUFXODWLQJ LQ WKH ZRUOG WRGD\ 7KH\ DFFRXQW IRU 
RI FRQÁLFWGHDWKVHDFK\HDU ,$16$ ,$16$DOVRVD\VWKDWRI 
WKHHVWLPDWHGGHDWKVE\JXQVKRWHDFKGD\DURXQGRFFXULQD
ZDURUDUPHGFRQÁLFW6HYHQW\IRXUSHUFHQWRI JXQVDUHFXUUHQWO\LQWKH
KDQGVRI FLYLOLDQVDQGDURXQGPLOOLRQQHZVPDOODUPVDUHPDQXIDF
WXUHGDQQXDOO\7KH6WRFNKROP,QWHUQDWLRQDO3HDFH5HVHDUFK,QVWLWXWH DV
FLWHGE\WKH1*2&RPPLWWHHRQ'LVDUPDPHQW UHSRUWVWKDWWKHUH
ZDV DQ LQFUHDVH RI  DOPRVW  LQ WKH YROXPH RI  FRQYHQWLRQDO DUPV
WUDQVIHUVLQWKHODVWIRXU\HDUV,URQLFDOO\WKHÀYHSHUPDQHQWPHPEHUV
RI  WKH 6HFXULW\ &RXQFLO DFFRXQW IRU  RI  WKH ZRUOG·V FRQYHQWLRQDO
DUPVH[SRUWV%HORZLVDOLVWRI WKHELJJHVWDUPVH[SRUWHUVIURP


Challenging the War System

DVLQGLFDWHGLQ5LFKDUG*ULPPHWW·V&565HSRUW FLWHGE\*OREDO
,VVXHV 

dŚĞdŽƉƌŵƐdžƉŽƌƚĞƌƐ
dŚĞdŽƉƌŵƐdžƉŽƌƚĞƌƐ;ϮϬϬϭͲϮϬϬϴͿ
ϭ͘ h^ʹϰϭй
Ϯ͘ ZƵƐƐŝĂʹϭϳй
ϯ͘ &ƌĂŶĐĞʹϴй
ϰ͘ h<ʹϳй
ϱ͘ ŚŝŶĂʹϯй
ϲ͘ 'ĞƌŵĂŶLJʹϰй
ϳ͘ /ƚĂůLJʹϯй
ϴ͘ KƚŚĞƌƵƌŽƉĞĂŶŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐʹϭϭй
ϵ͘ KƚŚĞƌƐʹϲй


:DUVKROGEDFNGHYHORSPHQWDVKXJHDPRXQWVRI JRYHUQPHQWEXG
JHWVDUHDOORFDWHGIRUGHIHQVH+HQFHODUJHVHJPHQWVRI SRSXODWLRQDUH
GHSULYHGRI VHUYLFHVDVEDVLFDVKHDOWKDQGHGXFDWLRQEHFDXVHWKHPRQH\
LVVLSKRQHGRII E\ZDURUSUHSDUDWLRQVIRULW$QQXDOO\WKHZRUOGVSHQGV
DURXQG86WULOOLRQRQPLOLWDU\ 6,35, DQGIRUHYHU\VSHQW
LQ GHYHORSPHQW DVVLVWDQFH  LV VSHQW RQ PLOLWDU\ EXGJHWV &RQWURO
$UPV ,QWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVZLWKLWVH[SHQGLWXUHRI ELO
OLRQDFFRXQWHGIRURI WKHJOREDOÀJXUHPRUHWKDQWKHFRPELQHG
WRWDORI WKHRWKHUFRXQWULHVZLWKWKHKLJKHVWPLOLWDU\H[SHQGLWXUHLQ
 6,35, 2QDYHUDJH86ELOOLRQLVVSHQWRQDUPVE\FRXQ
WULHVLQ$VLDWKH0LGGOH(DVW/DWLQ$PHULFDDQG$IULFDHYHU\\HDU7KLV
DPRXQWZRXOGKDYHHQDEOHGVDLGFRXQWULHVWRSXWHYHU\FKLOGWRVFKRRO
IXOÀOOLQJD0LOOHQQLXP'HYHORSPHQW*RDO &RQWURO$UPV ,QD
ZRUOGZKHUHRYHURQHELOOLRQSHRSOHOLYHEHORZWKHSRYHUW\OLQHZHDSRQV
VSHQGLQJDPRXQWVWR86IRUSHUVRQ%\FRQWUDVW86ELOOLRQ
SHU\HDULVHQRXJKWRDFKLHYHWKH0LOOHQQLXP'HYHORSPHQW*RDOVE\WKH


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

WDUJHW GDWH RI   1*2 &RPPLWWHH RQ 'LVDUPDPHQW   6XFK


SURGGHGRQH&DWKROLF3RSHWRH[SUHVVWKDW´WKHDUPVUDFHNLOOVZKHWKHU
WKHZHDSRQVDUHXVHGRUQRWµ

:DUVVHHFKLOGUHQWUHDGWKHEDWWOH]RQHVLQVWHDGRI SOD\DUHDV7KH
3HQJXLQ $WODV   UHSRUWHG WKDW RYHU  FKLOGUHQ GHÀQHG DV
EHORZWKHDJHRI DUHÀJKWLQJLQZDUVDURXQGWKHZRUOG5HFUXLWPHQW
LV RIWHQ E\ IRUFH &KLOGUHQ DUH HPSOR\HG DV FRXULHUV FRPEDWDQWV DQG
PHPEHUVRI OLTXLGDWLRQVTXDGV 3+'5 7KH\DOVRSHUIRUPWDVNV
VXFKDVFRRNLQJFOHDQLQJDQGSDWUROOLQJ3ORXJKVKDUHV  UHSRUWHG
WKDWFKLOGVROGLHUVXQGHU\HDUVRI DJHWUHDGWKHEDWWOHJURXQGVRI +DL
WL&RORPELD,VUDHO3DOHVWLQH,UDT6XGDQ&RWH'·,YRLUH'HPRFUDWLF
5HSXEOLF RI  &RQJR 6RPDOLD 8JDQGD %XUXQGL 6RPDOLD $IJKDQLVWDQ
1HSDO,QGLD%XUPD6UL/DQND,QGRQHVLDDQGWKH3KLOLSSLQHV,QWKH
3KLOLSSLQHVWKH3KLOLSSLQH&RDOLWLRQWR6WRSWKH8VHRI &KLOG6ROGLHUV
UHSRUWVWKDWEHWZHHQDQGSHUFHQWRI FKLOGUHQDUHGUDIWHGDVVRO
GLHUVLQDQ\JLYHQFRPPXQLW\LQÁXHQFHGE\HLWKHUWKH&RPPXQLVW3DUW\
RI  WKH 3KLOLSSLQHV RU WKH 0RUR ,VODPLF /LEHUDWLRQ )URQW DV FLWHG LQ
,/2,3(& 

:DUV KDYH PDQ\ RWKHU FRQVHTXHQFHV 3HRSOH ORVH WKHLU OLYHOLKRRGV


DQGWKHLUDFFHVVWRIRRGVXSSO\:DUVFDXVHWKHORVVRI LQYHVWPHQWVGH
VWUR\SURSHUW\DQGWKHHQYLURQPHQWDQGUD]HRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUWRXULVP
0RUHVRZDUVGLVUXSWFKLOGUHQ·V·HGXFDWLRQDQGFUHDWHIHDUDQGWUDXPD
DPRQJWKHSRSXODWLRQ

0LWLJDWLQJWKH(IIHFWVRI :DU
7KH ZRUN RI  LQWHUQDWLRQDO LQVWLWXWLRQV OLNH WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV LV
KHOSLQJPLWLJDWHWKHHIIHFWVRI ZDU$VWKHOHDGPHFKDQLVPIRUDUPHG
FRQÁLFW SUHYHQWLRQ PDQDJHPHQW DQG UHVROXWLRQ WKH 81 GRHV ERWK
SHDFHEXLOGLQJ SHDFHPDNLQJ DQG SHDFHNHHSLQJ ZRUN 3HDFHEXLOGLQJ LV
DFWLRQ WR VWUHQJWKHQ DQG VROLGLI\ D SROLWLFDO VHWWOHPHQW WR DYRLG D UH
WXUQWRWKHFRQÁLFW 6,35,81(6&2 7KH81DOVRKHOSVUHVROYH


Challenging the War System

FRQÁLFWVDQGGLVSXWHVWKURXJKQHJRWLDWLRQVDQGPHGLDWLRQ,WKDVOHGLQ
WKHEURNHULQJRI SHDFHLQPDQ\QDWLRQVDQGVXFFHHGHGLQKDYLQJSHDFH
DJUHHPHQWVVLJQHGLQPDQ\WURXEOHGFRUQHUVRI WKHZRUOG7KH81DOVR
PDLQWDLQVSHDFHNHHSLQJRSHUDWLRQV3HDFHNHHSLQJLVWKHXVHRI LPSDUWLDO
SHUVRQQHOWRKHOSZDUULQJSDUWLHVSUHYHQWPDQDJHRUUHVROYHFRQÁLFWV
6,35,81(6&2 7KH8QLWHG1DWLRQV3HDFHNHHSLQJ2SHUDWLRQV
ZHEVLWHUHSRUWHGWKDWDVRI -XO\WKHUHZHUHDFWLYH81SHDFH
NHHSLQJ PLVVLRQV 3HDFHNHHSHUV PRQLWRU FHDVHÀUHV 7KH\ DOVR KHOS LQ
WKHUHLQWHJUDWLRQRI FRPEDWDQWVLQWRVRFLHW\DVZHOODVKHOSSUHSDUHIRU
HOHFWLRQV DPRQJ PDQ\ WDVNV 7KH 81 DOVR KDV VSHFLDO FRXUWV WKDW WU\
FULPHVRI DJJUHVVLRQ7KHVHDUHWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RXUWRI -XVWLFHWKH
,QWHUQDWLRQDO&ULPLQDO&RXUWDQGWKH:DU&ULPHV7ULEXQDOV
9DULRXVRWKHULQWHUQDWLRQDORUJDQL]DWLRQVDQGPRYHPHQWVRSHUDWHWR
SUHYHQWPDQDJHDQGUHVROYHYLROHQWFRQÁLFWV7KH+DJXH$SSHDOIRU
3HDFHLVDPRYHPHQWWKDWZDVLQLWLDWHGLQ0D\RQWKHHYHRI RXU
QHZFHQWXU\WRFUHDWHFRQGLWLRQV´WRVDYHVXFFHHGLQJJHQHUDWLRQVIURP
WKH VFRXUJH RI  ZDUµ 6HYHUDO LQLWLDWLYHV ZHUH ERUQ GXULQJ WKDW KLVWRULF
PHHWLQJLQ7KH+DJXHRQHRI ZKLFKLVWKH*OREDO&DPSDLJQIRU3HDFH
(GXFDWLRQ *&3(  7KH *&3( FRQVLVWV RI  LQGLYLGXDO HGXFDWRUV DQG
HGXFDWLRQ1*2VZKRDUHFRPPLWWHGWRWUDQVIRUPLQJPLQGVHWVYDOXHV
DQGEHKDYLRUVWRZDUGDFXOWXUHRI SHDFHDFXOWXUHWKDWUHMHFWVDOOIRUPV
RI YLROHQFHDQGXSKROGVKXPDQGLJQLW\MXVWLFHDQGRWKHUSHDFHYDOXHV
7KH,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RPPLWWHHRQWKH5HG&URVV ,&5& LVDKXPDQLWDU
LDQRUJDQL]DWLRQDFWLYHLQFRXQWULHVWKDWVWULYHVWRSURWHFWDQGDVVLVW
WKHYLFWLPVRI  DUPHGFRQÁLFWV 7KH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO $FWLRQ 1HWZRUN RQ
6PDOO$UPV ,$16$ DJOREDOPRYHPHQWDJDLQVWJXQYLROHQFHZLWKRU
JDQL]DWLRQV ZRUNLQJ LQ  FRXQWULHV ZRUNV WR VWRS WKH SUROLIHUDWLRQ
DQGPLVXVHRI VPDOODUPVDQGOLJKWZHDSRQV7KH,QWHUQDWLRQDO&DP
SDLJQWR%DQ/DQGPLQHVLVDJOREDOQHWZRUNRI RUJDQL]DWLRQVZRUNLQJWR
HUDGLFDWHDQWLSHUVRQQHOODQGPLQHV$PQHVW\,QWHUQDWLRQDOLVDZRUOGZLGH
PRYHPHQWRI SHRSOHZKRFDPSDLJQIRULQWHUQDWLRQDOO\UHFRJQL]HGKX
PDQULJKWVWREHUHVSHFWHGDQGSURWHFWHG,WKDVPRUHWKDQPLOOLRQ
PHPEHUVLQRYHUFRXQWULHVDQGWHUULWRULHVZRUOGZLGH7KH*OREDO


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

3DUWQHUVKLSIRUWKH3UHYHQWLRQRI $UPHG&RQÁLFW *33$& LVDJOREDO


QHWZRUNRI RUJDQL]DWLRQVSUHVHQWLQDOOZRUOGUHJLRQV,WVHHNVWRSUR
PRWHKXPDQVHFXULW\DQGDGGUHVVWKHURRWFDXVHVRI FRQÁLFWDQGVHHNV
WRPDNHSUHYHQWLRQWKHIXQGDPHQWDOJRDORI FROOHFWLYHVHFXULW\DUUDQJH
PHQWV7KHUHDUHDOVRLQWHUQDWLRQDOIDLWKEDVHGSHDFHPRYHPHQWVVXFK
DV3D[&KULVWL,QWHUQDWLRQDOZKLFKKDVPHPEHUVLQRYHUFRXQWULHV
,WVHHNVWRPDNHUHOLJLRQDQXQHTXLYRFDOIRUFHIRUSHDFHDQGMXVWLFHDQG
IUHTXHQWO\DSSHDOVIRULQWHUQDWLRQDODFWLRQGLUHFWHGWRZDUGVSUHYHQWLQJ
DQGUHVROYLQJYLROHQWFRQÁLFWDQGWRZDUGVEXLOGLQJSHDFH

1RQJRYHUQPHQWRUJDQL]DWLRQVDUHDOVRGHHSO\HQJDJHGLQPLWLJDWLQJ
WKHHIIHFWVRI ZDU7KH\GRRUJDQL]LQJFRQVFLRXVQHVVUDLVLQJUHVHDUFK
DQGOREE\LQJZRUN7KH\SURYLGHDZLGHDUUD\RI VHUYLFHVVXFKDVUHKD
ELOLWDWLRQZRUNDQGSV\FKRVRFLDOWUDXPDDQGKHDOLQJ,QWKH3KLOLSSLQHV
WKLV ZRUN LV GRQH E\ JURXSV VXFK DV WKH %DOD\ 5HKDELOLWDWLRQ &HQWHU
2WKHURUJDQL]DWLRQVPRQLWRUFRQÁLFWVDQGDJUHHPHQWVEHWZHHQZDUULQJ
JURXSV 7KH ´%DQWD\ &HDVHÀUHµ LQ 0LQGDQDR 3KLOLSSLQHV PDNHV VXUH
WKDWWKHFHDVHÀUHDJUHHPHQWEHWZHHQWKHJRYHUQPHQWDQGWKH0,/)LV
REVHUYHG6XORQJ&$5+5,+/LVDWKLUGSDUW\QHWZRUNWKDWPRQLWRUVWKH
FRPSOLDQFHRI WKH3KLOLSSLQH*RYHUQPHQWDQGWKH1DWLRQDO'HPRFUDWLF
)URQWWRWKHLUDJUHHPHQWWRUHVSHFWKXPDQULJKWVDQGWKHLQWHUQDWLRQDO
KXPDQLWDULDQODZ

1*2VDOVRFDUU\RXWHGXFDWLRQDQGWUDLQLQJRQFRQÁLFWUHVROXWLRQ
WRKHOSEXLOGSHRSOHV·FDSDFLW\WRDSSURDFKWKHLUFRQÁLFWSHDFHIXOO\7KH
&HQWHU IRU 3HDFH (GXFDWLRQ EDVHG LQ 0LULDP &ROOHJH FDUULHV RXW WKDW
ZRUN 5HOLJLRXV RUJDQL]DWLRQV VXFK DV WKH %LVKRSV8ODPD &RQIHUHQFH
LQWKH3KLOLSSLQHVFRPSRVHGRI &KULVWLDQELVKRSVDQG0XVOLPUHOLJLRXV
OHDGHUVUHJXODUO\GLDORJXHWRGLVFRYHUFRPPRQJURXQGV9DULRXVJURXSV
LQWKH3KLOLSSLQHVZRUNWRFRQWURODUPVDQGRWKHUZHDSRQVVXFKDVWKH
3KLOLSSLQH $FWLRQ 1HWZRUN WR &RQWURO $UPV 3KLOLSSLQH &DPSDLJQ WR
%DQ /DQGPLQHV 3KLOLSSLQH &DPSDLJQ DJDLQVW &OXVWHU 0XQLWLRQV DQG
1XFOHDU)UHH 3KLOLSSLQHV &RDOLWLRQ &RXQWULHV RI  WKH ZRUOG KDYH ORQJ
OLVWVRI 1*26WRRWKDWZRUNWRSUHYHQWUHGXFHDQGUHVROYHDUPHGFRQ


Challenging the War System

ÁLFWRUPLWLJDWHWKHHIIHFWVRI LW7KHZRUNWKDWWKH\GRKHOSH[WHQVLYHO\
LQVDYLQJOLYHVDURXQGWKHZRUOG

9DULRXVWUHDWLHVDJUHHPHQWVUHVROXWLRQVDQGFRQYHQWLRQVZHUHDOVR
GUDIWHGWRPLWLJDWHWKHHIIHFWVRI ZDU6RPHRI WKHVHDUHDVIROORZV

‡ 7KH,QWHUQDWLRQDO+XPDQLWDULDQ/DZRUWKH/DZRI $UPHG&RQ
ÁLFWFRPSULVHVWKHUXOHVZKLFKVHHNWRSURWHFWFLYLOLDQVLQWLPHV
RI DUPHGFRQÁLFWDQGUHVWULFWPHWKRGVDQGPHDQVRI ZDUIDUH
‡ 81 6HFXULW\ &RXQFLO 5HVROXWLRQ  FDOOV XSRQ DOO SDUWLHV WR
DUPHG FRQÁLFW WR WDNH VSHFLDO PHDVXUHV WR SURWHFW ZRPHQ DQG
JLUOVLQVLWXDWLRQVRI DUPHGFRQÁLFWDQGWRLQFUHDVHZRPHQ·VSDU
WLFLSDWLRQLQFRQÁLFWUHVROXWLRQDQGSHDFHSURFHVVHV
‡ 816HFXULW\&RXQFLO5HVROXWLRQGHDOVZLWKVH[XDOYLROHQFH
LQFRQÁLFWDQGSRVWFRQÁLFWVLWXDWLRQV5DSHKDVEHFRPHDQLQ
VWUXPHQWRI ZDUKHQFHWKHUHVROXWLRQFDOOVRQSDUWLHVWRDUPHG
FRQÁLFWVWRWDNHDSSURSULDWHVWHSVWRHQGVH[XDOYLROHQFHLQVLWXD
WLRQVRI DUPHGFRQÁLFW,WFRPPLWVWRSXQLVKLQJSHUSHWUDWRUVRI 
VH[XDOYLROHQFH
‡ 7KH813URJUDPPHRI $FWLRQ 813R$ RQ6PDOO$UPVLVDQ
DJUHHPHQW WR FRQWURO VXSSO\ UHGXFH GHPDQG UHPRYH H[LVWLQJ
ZHDSRQVIURPFLUFXODWLRQDQGVWRSGLYHUVLRQRI ZHDSRQVIURP
OHJDOWRLOOHJDOXVHUV
‡ 7KH2WWDZD7UHDW\SURKLELWVWKHXVHVWRFNSLOHSURGXFWLRQDQG
WUDQVIHURI DQWLSHUVRQQHOODQGPLQHV
‡ 7KH&RQYHQWLRQRQ&OXVWHU0XQLWLRQVLVDQDJUHHPHQWWREDQWKH
SURGXFWLRQVWRFNSLOHXVHDQGWUDQVIHURI FOXVWHUERPEV,WZDV
GUDIWHGLQHDUO\DQGLVRSHQIRUVLJQDWXUHVLQ'HFHPEHURI 
WKHVDPH\HDU
,WFDQEHGUDZQIURPGHVFULSWLRQVDERYHWKDWWKHUHDUHQXPHURXVLQL
WLDWLYHVE\YDULRXVJURXSVWRZDUGWKHSURWHFWLRQRI KXPDQZHOOEHLQJDV
ZHOODVDUPVFRQWURODQGGLVDUPDPHQW'LVDUPDPHQWLVDSURFHVVRI JHW


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

WLQJULGRI ZHDSRQVZKLOHDUPVFRQWUROLVWKHH[HUFLVHRI VWULFWFRQWURO


RYHUH[LVWLQJRQHV7KHJRDOLVWRUHGXFHWKHOLNHOLKRRGRI ZDURUDWOHDVW
PLWLJDWHLWVHIIHFWV7KHDYDLODELOLW\RI ZHDSRQVFRQWULEXWHVWRWKHKLJK
UDWHRI YLROHQFH7KHUHKDYHEHHQDJUHHPHQWVZLWKWKHJRDORI FRQWURO
OLQJZHDSRQV7KH813R$WKH&RQYHQWLRQRQ&OXVWHU0XQLWLRQVDQG
WKH2WWDZD7UHDW\GHVFULEHGDERYHDUHH[DPSOHV7KH%LRORJLFDO:HDS
RQV&RQYHQWLRQVWRSVVLJQDWRULHVIURPGHYHORSLQJSURGXFLQJRUVWRFN
SLOLQJELRORJLFDOZHDSRQVSULPDULO\YLUXVHVDQGEDFWHULD7KH3DUWLDO7HVW
%DQ7UHDW\ 37%7 PDGHVLJQDWRULHVDJUHHWRUHIUDLQIURPDWPRVSKHULF
RXWHUVSDFHRUXQGHUVHDWHVWLQJRI QXFOHDUZHDSRQV&XUUHQWO\WKHUHDUH
HIIRUWVWRGUDIWDQ$UPV7UDGH7UHDW\DVWKH813R$GRHVQRWFRYHUYLWDO
LVVXHVVXFKDVKXPDQULJKWVWUDQVIHURI DUPVWRQRQVWDWHDFWRUVPLVXVH
RI JXQVE\VWDWHRIÀFLDOVDQGWKHJHQGHUHGQDWXUHRI JXQPLVXVHDQG
LQMXU\DPRQJRWKHUV ,$16$ 

3HDFH(GXFDWLRQDQGWKH:DU6\VWHP
7KH81(6&23UHDPEOHVWDWHVWKDW´LI ZDUVEHJLQLQWKHPLQGVRI 
PHQWKHQLWLVLQWKHPLQGVRI PHQWKDWWKHGHIHQVHVRI SHDFHPXVWEH
FRQVWUXFWHGµ3HDFHHGXFDWLRQLVRQHFRQFUHWHSDWKZD\WRFKDOOHQJHZDU
´3HDFHHGXFDWLRQVHHNVWRGHYHORSDJOREDOSHUVSHFWLYHRQWKHSUREOHPV
DQGDQXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKDWKXPDQVDUHDVLQJOHVSHFLHVµ 5HDUGRQDQG
&DEH]XGR 3HDFHHGXFDWLRQFDQKHOSFKDOOHQJHWKRXJKWVWKDWWKH
ZRUOGLVGLYLGHGLQWR´JRRGJX\VDQGEDGJX\VµDQGWKDWZLQQLQJRYHU
WKH ´EDG JX\Vµ LV WKH ZD\ WR JR 3HDFH HGXFDWLRQ VHHNV WR WHDFK WKH
FRQFHSWRI RQHQHVVRI WKHKXPDQUDFH0RVWGLYLVLRQVDUHVRFLDOO\DQG
FXOWXUDOO\FRQVWUXFWHG

'LIIHUHQFHV DUH PHDQW WR HQULFK XV QRW GLYLGH XV (GXFDWLRQ LV D
IRUFH WKDW FDQ KHOS UHGXFH LQWHUJURXS FRQÁLFWV E\ HQODUJLQJ SHRSOHV·
VRFLDO LGHQWLÀFDWLRQV EH\RQG SDURFKLDO RQHV 7KLV FDQ EH GRQH E\ H[
SDQGLQJOHDUQHUV·XQGHUVWDQGLQJDQGDSSUHFLDWLRQRI VHFXULW\IURPWKH
WUDGLWLRQDOQDWLRQDOFRQFHSWWRDPRUHKXPDQDQGFRPSUHKHQVLYHRQH


Challenging the War System

&DUQHJLH&RXQFLO 

(GXFDWLRQVKRXOGDOVRKHOSDOWHUWKRXJKWVZLWKUHJDUGWRWKHLQHYL
WDELOLW\RI ZDU+XPDQVVKRXOGXQGHUVWDQGWKDWZDJLQJZDULVDFKRLFH
QRWDPDQLIHVWGHVWLQ\3HRSOHZKRKDYHOHDUQHGWKHFRQVHTXHQFHVRI 
YLROHQFHDQGKDYHUHÁHFWHGRQDOWHUQDWLYHRSWLRQVZRXOGQRWEHHDVLO\
VZD\HGE\SURSDJDQGD

7HDFKLQJ VWXGHQWV SHDFHIXO FRQÁLFW UHVROXWLRQ VNLOOV ZLOO DOVR KHOS


OHDUQHUVXQGHUVWDQGWKDWFRQÁLFWVPD\EHDSSURDFKHGFRQVWUXFWLYHO\DQG
WKDWWKHUHDUHEHWWHUZRUNDEOHDOWHUQDWLYHVWRDJJUHVVLRQ3HDFHHGXFD
WLRQSURJUDPVLQFOXGHWKHWHDFKLQJRI WKHWKHRULHVRI QRQYLROHQFHDQG
WKHSUDFWLFHRI QRQYLROHQWGLUHFWDFWLRQ&DVHVWXGLHVRI KRZQRQYLROHQW
GLUHFWDFWLRQZRUNHGLQYDULRXVSDUWVRI WKHZRUOGVKRXOGPDNHVWXGHQWV
VHHWKDWWKHUHDUHLQGHHGDOWHUQDWLYHVWRYLROHQFH

7HDFKLQJ/HDUQLQJ,GHDV
‡ 5HVHDUFK RQ ODZV GHFUHHV DQG RUGHUV LQ \RXU FRXQWU\ WKDW DUH
PHDQW WR FKDOOHQJH ZDU DQG LWV LPSOHPHQWV 7KH 3KLOLSSLQHV
IRUH[DPSOHKDVDQ([HFXWLYH2UGHU(2LQVWLWXWLRQDOL]LQJ
3HDFH(GXFDWLRQLQWHDFKHUHGXFDWLRQ,WDOVRKDVD)LUHDUPV/DZ
0RQLWRUWKHVWDWXVRI WKHLPSOHPHQWDWLRQRI VXFKSROLFLHV
‡ ,QWHUYLHZSHRSOHZRUNLQJIRURUJDQL]DWLRQVLQ\RXUFRXQWU\WKDW
KHOSWRSUHYHQWDUPHGFRQÁLFW$VNWKHPDERXWWKHFKDOOHQJHVRI 
GRLQJWKLVZRUNDQGWKHYLVLRQVWKH\KDYHIRU\RXUFRXQWU\DQG
IRUWKHZRUOG
‡ $VN\RXUVWXGHQWVWRUHDGDERXWWKH8QLWHG1DWLRQVDQGZKDWLW
GRHVWRSURPRWHSHDFHDQGVHFXULW\LQWKHZRUOG
‡ $VNVWXGHQWVWRUHVHDUFKRQWKH6HYLOOH6WDWHPHQW$VNWKHPWR
ZULWHDUHDFWLRQUHÁHFWLRQSDSHURQWKH6WDWHPHQW
‡ $VN\RXUVWXGHQWVWRUHVHDUFKRQWKHVWDWXVRI WKHSHDFHSURFHVV
LQ\RXURZQFRXQWU\,I \RXUVGRHVQRWKDYHRQHSHDFHSURFHVV


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

HVRQJRLQJRUFRPSOHWHGLQYDULRXVSDUWVRI WKHZRUOGPD\EH
VWXGLHG3RVVLEOHH[DPSOHVDUHWKRVHLQ6LHUUD/HRQH1RUWKHUQ
,UHODQG&KHFKQ\D6UL/DQNDDQG&DPERGLD

8SURRWLQJWKH:DU7UHHDQG3ODQWLQJWKH3HDFH7UHH

 'UDZDG\LQJWUHHRQWKHOHIWVLGHRI WKHERDUG7HOO


WKHVWXGHQWVWKDWWKHWUHHLVFDOOHGWKH´:DU7UHHµ
 $VNWKHPWRFRPHWRWKHERDUGDQGZULWHRQHDFKURRW
RI WKHWUHHWKHFDXVHVRI ZDU
 :KHQGRQHGUDZDWUHHRQWKHULJKWVLGHRI WKHERDUG
DQGFDOOLWWKH´3HDFH7UHHµ
 $VN \RXU VWXGHQWV DJDLQ WR FRPH WR WKH ERDUG DQG
ZULWHRQHDFKURRWRI WKHWUHHDIDFWRUWKDWWKH\WKLQNFDQEULQJ
DERXWSHDFH
 'UDZ FRQQHFWLQJ OLQHV IURP WKH ´:DU 7UHHµ WR WKH
´3HDFH7UHHµ$VNVWXGHQWVWRZULWHRQHDFKOLQHDFRQFUHWHVWUDW
HJ\WKH\FDQGRWRJHWWRWKH3HDFH7UHH

‡ $OORZ \RXU VWXGHQWV WR ZDWFK ÀOPV WKDW VKRZ WKH EUXWDOLW\ RI 
ZDU([DPSOHVRI ÀOPVWKDWKDYHSRZHUIXOLPDJHVDQGPHVVDJHV
DUH ´+RWHO 5ZDQGDµ ´-R\HX[ 1RHOOHµ DQG ´6FKLQGOHU·V /LVWµ
3URFHVV WKH H[SHULHQFH ZLWK \RXU VWXGHQWV $VN WKHP WR VKDUH
ZLWKWKHFODVVWKHVFHQHVWKDWWKH\IRXQGPHDQLQJIXODQGWKHUHD
VRQIRUVXFK$VNWKHPIRUWKHPHVVDJHVWKDWWKHÀOPFRQYH\HG
WRWKHP
‡ 3RVWHU ([KLELW $VN VWXGHQWV WR PDNH SRVWHUV RI  TXRWDWLRQV
DJDLQVWZDU$VNWKHPWRSXWXSWKHVHSRVWHUVDURXQGWKHURRP
DQGWRYLHZHDFKRQH'LVFXVVOHDUQLQJIURPWKHH[KLELW


Challenging the War System

͞/ĂŵƟƌĞĚŽĨĮŐŚƟŶŐ͙/ǁĂŶƚƚŽŚĂǀĞƟŵĞƚŽůŽŽŬĨŽƌŵLJĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ
ĂŶĚƐĞĞŚŽǁŵĂŶLJ/ĐĂŶĮŶĚ͘DĂLJďĞ/ƐŚĂůůĮŶĚƚŚĞŵĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞ
ĚĞĂĚ͘ ,ĞĂƌ ŵĞ͕ ŵLJ ĐŚŝĞĨƐ͘ / Ăŵ ƟƌĞĚ͘ &ƌŽŵ ǁŚĞƌĞ ƚŚĞ ƐƵŶ ŶŽǁ
ƐƚĂŶĚƐ͕/ǁŝůůĮŐŚƚŶŽŵŽƌĞĨŽƌĞǀĞƌ͘͟
   ͶŚŝĞĨ:ŽƐĞƉŚŽĨƚŚĞEĞnjWĞƌĐĞƐEĂƟŽŶ͕ϭϴϳϳ

͞/Ĩ ƚŚĞ ǁŽƌůĚ ĐŽƵůĚ ĂďŽůŝƐŚ ĐŽůŽŶŝĂůŝƐŵ ĂŶĚ ĂƉĂƌƚŚĞŝĚ͕ ǁŚLJ ŶŽƚ
ǁĂƌ͍/ƚŝƐƟŵĞƚŽĂďŽůŝƐŚŶƵĐůĞĂƌǁĞĂƉŽŶƐ͘/ƚŝƐƟŵĞƚŽĂďŽůŝƐŚǁĂƌ͘͟
     ͶŽƌĂtĞŝƐƐ
͞dŚĞŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐĚĞƐƚƌƵĐƟǀĞŶĞƐƐĂŶĚǁĂŶƚŽŶŚƵŵĂŶƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐƚŚĂƚ
ĂƌĞƚŚĞŚĂůůŵĂƌŬƐŽĨĐŽŶƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌLJǁĂƌĨĂƌĞŚĂǀĞƌĞǀĞĂůĞĚƚŚĞĐĂƵƐĞ
ŽĨƚŚĞĂďŽůŝƟŽŶŽĨǁĂƌƚŽďĞŵŽƌĞĂƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůŶĞĐĞƐƐŝƚLJƚŚĂŶĂƵƚŽͲ
ƉŝĂŶŝĚĞĂ͘͟
     ͶĞƩLJZĞĂƌĚŽŶ

͞tĞŵƵƐƚďƌŝŶŐůŽǀĞĂŶĚĐŽŵƉĂƐƐŝŽŶƚŽƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƚŽĚĂLJ͘tĞĚŽŶ͛ƚ
ŶĞĞĚŐƵŶƐĂŶĚďŽŵďƐƚŽĚŽƚŚŝƐ͘͟
     ͶDŽƚŚĞƌdĞƌĞƐĂ
͞tĂƌƐŵĂŬĞƉŽŽƌƚŽŽůƐĨŽƌĐĂƌǀŝŶŐŽƵƚƉĞĂĐĞĨƵůƚŽŵŽƌƌŽǁƐ͘͟
     ͶDĂƌƟŶ>ƵƚŚĞƌ<ŝŶŐ͕:ƌ͘

‡ 'RV\PEROLFDFWVDVDFODVVOLNHWKHEXU\LQJRI WR\JXQVDQGRWKHU
ZDUWR\V
‡ 9LVLWD=RQHRI 3HDFHWKDWLVQHDU\RXUDUHD,QWHUYLHZSURSRQHQWV
RI WKHGHFODUDWLRQ)LQGRXWWKHPHDQLQJRI EHLQJD6SDFHRUD=RQH
RI  3HDFH ,I  YLVLWLQJ D 3HDFH =RQH LV QRW SRVVLEOH UHVHDUFK DERXW
3HDFH=RQHVDQGZKDWWKH\KDYHGRQHWRUHGXFHDUPHGYLROHQFHLQ
WKHLUDUHDV
‡ /HWWHUZULWLQJ $IWHU VWXG\LQJ EXGJHW DOORFDWLRQV IRU PLOLWDU\ VHU
YLFHVHQFRXUDJH\RXUVWXGHQWVWRZULWHWKHLUUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVLQWKH
3DUOLDPHQWRU&RQJUHVVWRH[SUHVVWKHLUFRQFHUQDERXWWKHLVVXH
:DUVKDYHDQQLKLODWHGFRXQWOHVVOLYHV7KHJRRGQHZVLVWKDWZDULVQRW
LQHYLWDEOH:HFDQFKRRVHRXURZQDQGRXUSODQHW·VIXWXUH7KHFKRLFH
LVRXUVWRPDNH


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

Šƒ’–‡”ͻ

5HVROYLQJDQG7UDQVIRUPLQJ
&RQÁLFWV

+
XPDQVKDYHGLYHUVHEHOLHIVDWWLWXGHVEHKDYLRUVDQGLQWHUHVWV
RZLQJ WR GLVVLPLODULWLHV LQ H[SHULHQFHV DQG FRQWH[WV 6RPH
WLPHV WKHVH GLIIHUHQFHV FUHDWH WHQVLRQV ZKLFK PD\ FRQVH
TXHQWO\OHDGWRFRQÁLFWV&RQÁLFWLVDQLQHVFDSDEOHIDFWRI OLIH,I LP
SURSHUO\KDQGOHGWKH\FDQKDYHXQGHVLUDEOHUHVXOWV,QWKHODUJHUVHWWLQJ
PDQ\FRQÁLFWVKDYHEHFRPHYLROHQWZKLFKKDYHUHVXOWHGWRWKHORVVRI 
OLYHVGHVWUXFWLRQRI SURSHUW\GLVUXSWLRQRI HFRQRPLFDQGFXOWXUDODFWLYL
WLHVGLVUXSWLRQLQWKHGHOLYHU\RI VRFLRHFRQRPLFVHUYLFHVH[SORLWDWLRQ
RI FLYLOLDQVHVSHFLDOO\ZRPHQDQGFKLOGUHQDQGHFRQRPLFORVVHVDPRQJ
RWKHUV,QWKHLQWHUSHUVRQDOJURXQGFRQÁLFWVKDYHFDXVHGDQJXLVKDQG
VWUHVVDPRQJGLVSXWDQWV8QPDQDJHGFRQÁLFWVKDYHDOVRFDXVHGUHODWLRQ
VKLSVWREUHDNDSDUW
)RUWXQDWHO\ FRQÁLFWV FDQ EH PDQDJHG DQG UHVROYHG FRQVWUXFWLYHO\
,I  KDQGOHG ZHOO SDUWLHV LQ GLVSXWH PD\ ÀQG RSSRUWXQLWLHV WR LPSURYH
WKHLU UHODWLRQVKLS DQG JURZ IURP H[SHULHQFH 5HVROYLQJ FRQÁLFWV FRQ
VWUXFWLYHO\LVDVNLOOWKDWFDQEHWDXJKWDQGOHDUQHG,WLVRXUEHOLHI WKDWLI 
KXPDQVDUHWUDLQHGKRZWRKDQGOHWKHLULQWHUSHUVRQDOFRQÁLFWVSRVLWLYHO\
VXFKVNLOOVPD\EHFDUULHGRQWRKLJKHUOHYHOVRI KXPDQLQWHUDFWLRQ
:KDW,V&RQÁLFW"
&RQÁLFWLVIURPWKH/DWLQZRUGFRQÁLFWXVZKLFKPHDQVVWULNLQJWRJHWK
HUZLWKIRUFH,WRFFXUVZKHQRQH·VDFWLRQVRUEHOLHIVDUHXQDFFHSWDEOHWR


Resolving and Transforming Conflicts

³DQGDUHKHQFHUHVLVWHGE\WKHRWKHU )RUV\WK &RQÁLFWVRFFXU


LQG\DGVJURXSVRUODUJHUVRFLHWDOVWUXFWXUHV

:K\'R&RQÁLFWV$ULVH"
,QWKHQDWLRQDORUJOREDOOHYHOVWKH\PD\EHFDXVHGE\WHUULWRULDOGLV
SXWHVHWKQLFDQGUHOLJLRXVDQLPRVLWLHVLGHRORJLFDODQGSRZHUVWUXJJOHV
VRFLDOLQMXVWLFHVHDUFKIRUVWDWHKRRGWUDGHDQGPDUNHWFRPSHWLWLRQVDQG
FRQWHVWVRYHUHFRQRPLFUHVRXUFHVDPRQJRWKHUV :HKU 

:LWKLQRXULPPHGLDWHVHWWLQJFRQÁLFWVPD\EHFDXVHGE\PLVXQGHU
VWDQGLQJPLVSHUFHSWLRQDQGPLVFRPPXQLFDWLRQGLIÀFXOWEHKDYLRUVXQ
PHWH[SHFWDWLRQVLQFRPSDWLELOLW\RI LGHDVRSLQLRQVDQGEHOLHIVYDOXHV
JRDOVDQGLQWHUHVWVGLVWUXVWFRPSHWLWLRQRYHUPDWHULDOUHVRXUFHVFRHU
FLRQGHIHQVHRI KRQRUGHVLUHIRUUHYHQJHQHHGIRUDWWHQWLRQDQGDS
SUHFLDWLRQLQWROHUDQFHDODFNRI HPSDWK\DQGSRZHUVWUXJJOHVLQJURXS
VLWXDWLRQVDPRQJRWKHUV
:KDW3UHYHQWV8VIURP5HVROYLQJ2XU&RQÁLFWV"
,WLVQRWVHFRQGQDWXUHIRUPDQ\WRUHVROYHWKHLUFRQÁLFWVFRQVWUXF
WLYHO\ 7KHUH DUH PDQ\ IDFWRUV WKDW KLQGHU XV IURP GRLQJ VR 2QH RI 
WKHP LV WKH H[SHULHQFH RI  VWURQJ HPRWLRQV VXFK DV IHDU SULGH DQJHU
DQG GHVLUH IRU UHYHQJH :KHQ WKHVH SRZHUIXO HPRWLRQV DUH SUHVHQW LW
LVGLIÀFXOWWRSURFHVVLQIRUPDWLRQREMHFWLYHO\,QGLIIHUHQFHRUDSDWK\LV
DQRWKHUREVWDFOHWRFRQÁLFWUHVROXWLRQ3HRSOHVRPHWLPHVVKRZDODFNRI 
FRQFHUQRULQWHUHVWZKHWKHUGHOLEHUDWHO\RUQRWIRUWKHVLWXDWLRQ2WKHUV
IHHOKHOSOHVVRUKRSHOHVVSHUKDSVEHFDXVHWKHVLWXDWLRQLVGLVFRXUDJLQJ
RUWKHRWKHUSDUW\LVDSHUVRQRI DXWKRULW\7KHODFNRI FRPPXQLFDWLRQ
EHWZHHQGLVSXWDQWVRUWKHDEVHQFHRI LWPD\DOVREHDKLQGHULQJIDFWRU
LQFRQÁLFWUHVROXWLRQ7KHUHDUHDOVRVLWXDWLRQVZKHQFRQÁLFWVDUHQRWUH
VROYHGEHFDXVHRI SURYRFDWLRQVIURPV\PSDWKL]HUVZKRZLWKRUZLWKRXW
PHDQLQJWR´IDQWKHÀUHµDQGDJJUDYDWHWKHVLWXDWLRQ

7KHUHDUHDOVRVLWXDWLRQVZKHQSHRSOHSHUFHLYHWKHSUREOHPVROYLQJ


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

SURFHVVWHGLRXVDQGVWUHVVIXODQGKHQFHVKXQLW'LDORJXLQJZLWKDQDG
YHUVDU\DOVRUHTXLUHVDJUHDWDPRXQWRI FRXUDJHDQGRIWHQZHÀQGRXU
VHOYHVODFNLQJLQDXGDFLW\WRIDFHWKH´HQHP\µ
:KDW,V$QJHUDQG,WV(IIHFWV"
$QJHU LV RQH RI  WKH PRUH FRPPRQO\ H[SHULHQFHG HPRWLRQV ZKHQ
SDUWLHVDUHLQFRQÁLFW$QJHULVQRWPHUHO\LUULWDWLRQRUGLVDSSRLQWPHQW
EXWDFRPELQHGIHHOLQJRI GLVDSSRLQWPHQWDQ[LHW\DQGLQGLJQDWLRQWKDW
VLJQDORXUERG\WRSUHSDUHIRUDÀJKW,WPD\WDNHWKHIRUPRI YHUEDORU
SK\VLFDODWWDFNUDJHRUDQLPRVLW\,WFDQEHGHVWUXFWLYHZKHQZHH[SUHVV
LWLQDZD\WKDWZLOOFUHDWHKDUPKDWUHGRUDOLHQDWLRQ,WLVQRWXQFRPPRQ
WRKHDUVWRULHVRI SHRSOHJHWWLQJNLOOHGRUKXUWDIWHUDQDQJU\H[FKDQJH

$QJHUPD\DOVRFDXVHDGYHUVHHIIHFWVRQRXUKHDOWK$QJHUVHWVRII 
WKHVXUJHRI VWUHVVKRUPRQHVZKLFKFDQGDPDJHDUWHULHVDQGKHDUWPXV
FOHVWKDWOHDGWRLUUHJXODUKHDUWEHDWV7KHVHH[FHVVKRUPRQHVFDQFRQ
VWULFWEORRGYHVVHOVGLVUXSWLQJSODTXHMDPVWKHDUWHU\DQGWULJJHUVKHDUW
DWWDFN$QJHUFDQDOVRPDNHXVVLFNZKHQLWLVUHSUHVVHG8QH[SUHVVHG
DQJHU GULYHV RXU EORRG SUHVVXUH XS ZKHQ RXU PXVFOHV DUH WLJKWHQHG
6SLHOEHUJHU DV FLWHG E\ )ROW]*UD\   $QJHU WXUQHG LQZDUG PD\
DOVRFDXVHK\SHUWHQVLRQRUGHSUHVVLRQ KWWSZZZDSDRUJ 

$QJHUFDQDOVREHGHVWUXFWLYHZKHQZHFDQQRORQJHUIXQFWLRQQRU
PDOO\2XUURXWLQHLVGLVUXSWHGRUZHEHFRPHOHVVSURGXFWLYH2XUDELO
LW\WRWKLQNFOHDUO\LVFRPSURPLVHG7KLVGHVWUR\VRXUDELOLW\WRSRVLWLYHO\
FRQWLQXHRQZLWKRXUZRUNRUVWXGLHVSXWWLQJRXUFDUHHUVRUJRDOVLQSHULO

+RZ'R:H0DQDJH2XU$QJHU"
&DOPLQJRXUDQJHULVDEHWWHUDOWHUQDWLYHWRGLVFKDUJLQJRUVXSSUHVV
LQJ LW :KHQ ZH DUH DQJU\ WKH EUDLQ VLJQDOV RXU SLWXLWDU\ JODQGV DQG
QHUYHHQGLQJVWRSURGXFHDGUHQDOLQH7KHVXUJHRI DGUHQDOLQHLQWRWKH
EORRGVWUHDPJHWVXVUHDG\IRUDÀJKW+HUHDUHVRPHZD\VWRFKDQJHWKH
IRUPRI RXUDQJHU


Resolving and Transforming Conflicts

‡ 5HFRJQL]HWKDW\RXDUHDQJU\$ZDUHQHVVRI WKHHPRWLRQWKDW\RX
DUHFXUUHQWO\IHHOLQJFDQKHOSFRROLWGRZQ
‡ 'LVWDQFH \RXUVHOI  IURP WKH VLWXDWLRQ /HDYH WKH DQJHU VFHQH
&KDQJLQJ  HQYLURQPHQW DOEHLW WHPSRUDULO\ ZLOO KHOS FDOP \RX
GRZQ
‡ 5HOHDVHDQJHUSK\VLFDOO\LQLQGLUHFWIRUPV
 6KRXWDQGOHWLWRXWLQDSODFHZKHUHQRRQHFDQKHDU\RX
 +LWDSLOORZDSXQFKLQJEDJDPDWWUHVVRUDQ\WKLQJVRIWWR
UHGXFHDGUHQDOLQHOHYHOLQWKHKDQGV
 'UDZRUSDLQW\RXUDQJHURXW5HOHDVHWKHVWUHVVKRUPRQHVE\
XVLQJIRUFHIXOVWURNHV
 :DONUXQDQGVZLPYLJRURXVO\
 +LWWKHJ\P([HUFLVH8QGHUSUHVVXUHSHRSOHZKRH[HUFLVH
KDYHORZHUOHYHOVRI VWUHVVKRUPRQHVDQGVPDOOLQFUHDVHVLQ
KHDUWUDWHDQGEORRGSUHVVXUH 5H\HV 
‡ 5HOD[DWLRQ7HFKQLTXHV
 %UHDWKH GHHSO\ PDQ\ WLPHV ZKLOH VD\LQJ D FDOPLQJ ZRUG RU
SKUDVHOLNH´UHOD[µ
 3DLQW SLFWXUHV LQ \RXU PLQG RI  KDSS\ WKRXJKWV DQG H[SHUL
HQFHV
 *RIRUDPDVVDJH
 'RPHGLWDWLRQWHFKQLTXHV
‡ &DOP<RXU0LQG
 7DONWR\RXUVHOI7KLQNRI DOWHUQDWLYHVWR\RXUDQJHUDVZHOO
DVFRQVHTXHQFHVLI \RXH[SORGH HJZKDWZLOOKDSSHQLI ,
H[SORGH":KDWRWKHURSWLRQVGR,KDYH" ,QVWUXFW\RXUHQHU
J\KRUPRQHV´DGUHQDOLQHµDQG´QRUDGUHQDOLQµZKLFKUXVKHG
LQWR \RXU EORRGVWUHDP LQ H[FHVV WR ´NHHS FRROµ &RQYLQFH
\RXUVHOI WKDW\HV\RXDUHDQJU\EXW\RXFDQKDQGOHLW$Q
RWKHUVLPSOHWRROLVWRLQVWUXFW\RXUVHOI WRVWRSEHLQJDQJU\
ZKHWKHUDORXGRUVLOHQWO\


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

 ,QWHUURJDWH\RXUVHOI:LOOLDPV DVFLWHGE\)ROW]*UD\ 
VXJJHVWVWKDWZHDVNIRXUTXHVWLRQVZKHQHYHUZHDUHDQJU\
´,VWKLVLPSRUWDQW",VP\DQJHUDSSURSULDWH",VWKHVLWXDWLRQ
PRGLÀDEOH" ,V LW ZRUWK WDNLQJ DFWLRQ"µ 6XFK HYDOXDWLRQ DF
FRUGLQJWR:LOOLDPVWUDQVIRUPVWKHIDFHRI DQJHULQWRVRPH
WKLQJUDWLRQDO
 &RXQWWREHIRUHUHDFWLQJ,I \RXIHHOWKDW\RXZLOOVWLOOH[
SORGHDIWHUQXPEHUFRQWLQXHFRXQWLQJ
 &KDQJH\RXUWKRXJKWSURFHVVHV:KHQZHDUHDQJU\ZHWKLQN
RI  RXU DGYHUVDU\ LQ WKH ZRUVW SRVVLEOH OLJKW :H UHVRUW WR
EODPLQJ HJLWLVKLVKHUIDXOW ODEHOLQJ HJVKHLVDKRU
ULEOHSHUVRQ HPEHOOLVKPHQWV HJVKHGRHVWKLVWRPH$//
7+( 7,0(  PHQWDO ÀOWHULQJ HJ WKHUH LV QRWKLQJ JRRG
DERXWWKLVSHUVRQ LQWHUSUHWDWLRQVRUFRQFOXVLRQV HJVKH
GRHVQRWOLNHPH DQGVSHFXODWLRQVRUDWWULEXWLRQRI PDOLFH
HJVKHGLGWKLVLQWHQWLRQDOO\WRPDOLJQPH $OOWKHVHEULQJ
DERXWDJUHDWGHDORI VXIIHULQJ&KDQJLQJWKHZD\ZHWKLQN
FDQKHOSFKDQJHWKHZD\ZHIHHO+HQFHLQVWHDGRI PDNLQJ
LQWHUSUHWDWLRQV DQG VSHFXODWLRQV RI  WKHDGYHUVDU\·V DWWLWXGHV
RUEHKDYLRUVWU\WRDOWHUWKHVHQHJDWLYHWKRXJKWVZLWKPRUH
SRVLWLYHRQHV HJVKHSUREDEO\GLGQRWPHDQWRKXUWPH 
$OWHULQJFRJQLWLRQVLVDFRJQLWLYHEHKDYLRUDOWHFKQLTXHZKLFK
DUJXHV WKDW LI  ZH FDQ FKDQJH WKH ZD\ SHRSOH WKLQN ZH FDQ
FKDQJHWKHLUHPRWLRQDOUHDFWLRQRUEHKDYLRU +RXVWRQ 
 3XWLWLQZULWLQJ,WZLOOKHOS\RXRUJDQL]H\RXUWKRXJKWVDQG
WKLQNFOHDUO\
‡ 7KHUDSHXWLF7HFKQLTXHV
 0XOWLPHGLDÀ[7XUQRQWKH79DQGZDWFKDQHQWHUWDLQLQJ
VKRZ*RWRWKHPRYLHV/LVWHQWRPXVLF
 3OD\DPXVLFDOLQVWUXPHQW
 6LQJRUGDQFH
 7DNHDVKRZHURUDORQJEDWK
 7DNHDFROGGULQN
 6WUROOLQWKHSDUNRULQWKHPDOO


Resolving and Transforming Conflicts

 7LQNHUZLWK\RXU3&%ORJFKDWRQOLQHRUGRZQORDGDQHQ
WHUWDLQLQJYLGHRFOLS
‡ 6SLULWXDO$LGV
 /LIWLWXS3UD\IRUSDWLHQFHXQGHUVWDQGLQJDQGWKHZLOOWRIRU
JLYH)RUH[DPSOHWKH%LEOHWHOOVXVWRIRUJLYH´VHYHQW\WLPHV
VHYHQµ)RUJLYHQHVVDFFRUGLQJWRWKH&HQWHUIRU'LVSXWH5HV
ROXWLRQGRHVQRWPHDQFRQGRQLQJWKHDFW5DWKHULWLVDQDFW
RI UHOHDVLQJRXUVHOYHVIURPWKHSDLQZHKDYHH[SHULHQFHGDW
WKHKDQGVRI RWKHUV
 9LVLW\RXUSODFHRI ZRUVKLS2IIHU\RXUDQJHU
‡ 6RFLDO6XSSRUW
 7DONWRDIDPLO\PHPEHURUDIULHQG
 *HWDKXJIURPDORYHGRQH
 &XGGOH\RXUSHW
‡ 5HGLUHFW (QHUJ\ &OHDQ \RXU URRP RU KRXVH UHGHFRUDWH \RXU
SODFHRUWHQGWR\RXUJDUGHQ
‡ :KHQ DSSOLFDEOH WXUQ \RXU DQJHU LQWR KXPRU ,QVWHDG RI  H[
SORGLQJFUDFNDMRNHRUHQGHDYRUWRWXUQWKHHGJ\VLWXDWLRQLQWR
VRPHWKLQJOLJKW
‡ &U\LWRXW&U\LQJLVWKHUDSHXWLF,WDOORZVWKHERG\WRHOLPLQDWH
GDPDJLQJVWUHVVKRUPRQHV
+RZ'R:H'LUHFWO\([SUHVV2XU$QJHU"
:KHQ ZH KDYH PDQDJHG WR EULQJ RXUVHOYHV GRZQ WKH DQJHU WKHU
PRPHWHUDQGKDYHFRROHGRIIZHPD\DOUHDG\H[SUHVVRXUIHHOLQJVGL
UHFWO\%HORZDUHVXJJHVWLRQVRQKRZ\RXFDQH[SUHVV\RXUDQJHULQD
QRQWKUHDWHQLQJZD\
 'HVFULEH WKH EHKDYLRU WKDW DQJHUV \RX HJ , QRWLFHG WKDW \RX
VSHDNWRPHUDWKHUKXUWIXOO\WKHVHGD\V
 'HVFULEHKRZ\RXIHHODERXWWKHEHKDYLRU HJ,DPYHU\VDG 
 'HVFULEHWKHUHDVRQIRU\RXUIHHOLQJ HJ,FRQVLGHU\RXDJRRG


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

IULHQGDQG,GRQRWZDQWRXUUHODWLRQVKLSWRIDOODSDUW 

+RZ'R:H'HDOZLWK2WKHU3HRSOH·V$QJHU"
-RKQVRQDQG-RKQVRQ  DQG)65$VVRFLDWHV QG SURYLGHVRPH
WLSVRQKRZZHFDQKDQGOHDQJU\FRQIURQWDWLRQVFRQVWUXFWLYHO\

 $OORZH[SUHVVLRQ/LVWHQ
 'RQRWFRXQWHUDWWDFN
 6WDQGLQWKHVKRHRI WKHRWKHU+HOSKLPKHUWRFDOPGRZQ
 3DUDSKUDVH&ODULI\
 ([SODLQ\RXUVLWXDWLRQ
 /RRNLQWRRSWLRQVWRJHWKHU
 ,I \RXFDQ·WGHDOZLWKWKHRWKHUSHUVRQ·VZUDWKDVNIRUKHOS

:KDW$UHWKH0DLQ2SWLRQVLQ'HDOLQJZLWK&RQÁLFWV"
,Q GHDOLQJ ZLWK FRQÁLFWV WKHUH DUH WZR YDULDEOHV WKDW DUH QRUPDOO\
FRQVLGHUHGE\GLVSXWDQWV2QHLVWKHUHODWLRQVKLSZLWKWKHDGYHUVDU\7KH
RWKHURQHLVWKHLPSRUWDQFHRI WKHLVVXHDWKDQG%HORZDUHVRPHRS
WLRQVSHRSOHFKRRVHIURPZKHQWKH\DUHIDFHGZLWKFRQÁLFWV

 0RYHDZD\$YRLGWKHVLWXDWLRQRUZLWKGUDZ7KLVRSWLRQLVQRU
PDOO\ FKRVHQ ZKHQ  WKH LVVXH LV WULYLDO RU ZKHQ WKH SHUVRQ LQ
FRQÁLFWEHOLHYHVWKDWVKHKDVQRSRZHUWRFKDQJHWKHVLWXDWLRQ
)/,*+7
 0RYHDJDLQVW:LQWKHEDWWOH7KLVRSWLRQLVWDNHQZKHQWKHLV
VXHLVLPSRUWDQWWKHSDUW\WKLQNVWKDWVKHLVULJKWDQGLVEHQW
WR SURYH WKDW RU VKH KDV WKH SRZHU WR DFKLHYH KLVKHU JRDOV
),*+7
 *LYHXSRUJLYHLQ7KLVRSWLRQLVWDNHQZKHQJRDOLVWRSUHVHUYH
KDUPRQ\LQWKHUHODWLRQVKLS,WLVDOVRWDNHQZKHQWKHRWKHUSDUW\
UHFRJQL]HVWKHYDOLGLW\RI WKHRWKHU·VYLHZSRLQW $&&2002


Resolving and Transforming Conflicts

'$7(
 *LYHKDOI0HHWLQWKHPLGGOH7KLVRSWLRQLVUHDFKHGZKHQERWK
SDUWLHVFDQQRWJHWZKDWWKH\ZDQWIXOO\DQGDUHZLOOLQJWRJLYHXS
SDUWRI WKHLUJRDOV &203520,6(
 0RYHWRZDUGV'LDORJXHRUFROODERUDWHZLWK\RXUDGYHUVDU\7KLV
RSWLRQLVWDNHQZKHQERWKLVVXHDQGUHODWLRQVKLSDUHLPSRUWDQW
WR WKH SDUWLHV KHQFH D PXWXDOO\ DFFHSWDEOH VROXWLRQ LV VRXJKW
)$&(&2//$%25$7( 

:KDW$UHWKH6WHSVLQWKH&ROODERUDWLYH3UREOHP6ROYLQJ$S
SURDFK"
0DQ\SHRSOHÀQGLWVWUHVVIXOWRGLDORJXHZLWKDQDGYHUVDU\DQGFKRRVH
LQVWHDGWKHSDWKRI DYRLGDQFH2WKHUVDUHWRRDQJU\DQGWDNHWKHSDWKRI 
DJJUHVVLRQ6XUYH\VPDGHE\WKH&HQWHUIRU3HDFH(GXFDWLRQDPRQJLWV
ZRUNVKRSSDUWLFLSDQWVPRVWO\VWXGHQWVDQGWHDFKHUVUHYHDOHGWKDWWKH
SDWKQRUPDOO\WDNHQLVDYRLGDQFH2I UHVSRQVHVJDWKHUHGIURPWKH
TXHVWLRQ´:KDWRSWLRQGR\RXXVXDOO\WDNHZKHQ\RXJHWLQWRDFRQÁLFWµ
RI UHVSRQVHVSRLQWWR´PRYLQJZD\µIURPWKHDGYHUVDU\DVDVWUDW
HJ\RSWHGIRUDJJUHVVLRQFODLPHGWKDWWKH\ZRXOGWDONWRWKHLU
DGYHUVDU\DQGZRXOGJLYHXSJLYHLQRUGRFRSLQJWHFKQLTXHVVXFK
DVWDONLQJWRDIULHQG

,I ERWKLVVXHDQGUHODWLRQVKLSDUHLPSRUWDQWWRWKHGLVSXWDQWVPRY
LQJWRZDUGVWKHDGYHUVDU\RUSUREOHPVROYLQJLVWKHLGHDORSWLRQ,QWKH
QH[WSDJHDUHVWHSVWRDSUREOHPVROYLQJDSSURDFK

:KDWDUH6RPH7LSVWRD*RRG'LDORJXH"
)RU WKH SUREOHPVROYLQJ SURFHVV WR ÁRZ SHDFHIXOO\ WKH IROORZLQJ
JXLGHOLQHV PD\ EH REVHUYHG 6RPH RI  WKHVH WLSV DUH WDNHQ IURP $.
.$3.$  -RKQVRQDQG-RKQVRQ  )LVKHUDQG6WRQH  
DQG5XL] QG 


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

dŚĞŽůůĂďŽƌĂƟǀĞWƌŽďůĞŵͲ^ŽůǀŝŶŐƉƉƌŽĂĐŚ

/͘^ƚŽƌLJdĞůůŝŶŐ //͘&ŽĐƵƐŝŶŐ

///͘dŚŝŶŬŝŶŐhƉ /s͘ŽŶĐƵƌƌŝŶŐ

 'LDORJXLQJ7LSV
 6SHDNLQDJHQWOHQRQWKUHDWHQLQJPDQQHU
 7KLQNFDUHIXOO\RI ZKDW\RXDUHJRLQJWRVD\'RQRWPDNHWKH
VLWXDWLRQZRUVHE\DQJHULQJWKHRWKHUSHUVRQ
 8VH WKH ,PHVVDJH %HJLQ \RXU VHQWHQFHV ZLWK ´,µ WR LOOXVWUDWH
KRZ \RX IHHO DERXW WKH VLWXDWLRQ ´<RXµ PHVVDJHV WHQG WR EH
EODPLQJRUUHSURDFKIXO
 $GPLW\RXURZQUHVSRQVLELOLW\WRWKHFRQÁLFW6XFKZLOOVRIWHQDQ
RWKHUZLVHSRVLWLRQDOVWDQFH
 $YRLGXVLQJKD]\VWDWHPHQWVDQGJOREDOZRUGVVXFKDV´DOZD\Vµ
DQG´QHYHUµ%HDVVSHFLÀFDVSRVVLEOH
 %HZLOOLQJWRWHOOWKHRWKHUSHUVRQKLVKHUSRVLWLYHDWWULEXWHV7KLV
ZLOOKHOSFUHDWHDQDWPRVSKHUHRI WUXVWDQGRSHQQHVV
 6KRZSRVLWLYHUHJDUGDQGUHVSHFW'RQRWFDOOQDPHVEODPHKX
PLOLDWHFKDUDFWHUL]HRUMXGJH


Resolving and Transforming Conflicts

 'RQRWJLYHLQWRWKHWHPSWDWLRQRI UHWXUQLQJKXUWIRUKXUW$V


*DQGKLKDGVDLG´DQH\HIRUDQH\HZLOOPDNHWKHZRUOGEOLQGµ
,QVWHDGSDUDSKUDVHFODULI\DQGH[SODLQ\RXUVLWXDWLRQ
 %HWRXJKRQWKHSUREOHPQRWRQWKHSHUVRQ0DNHLWFOHDUWKDW
LW LV ZLWK WKH EHKDYLRU RU LGHDV WKDW \RX GLVDJUHH ZLWK QRW WKH
SHUVRQ
'RQ·W WDNH DQ\WKLQJ SHUVRQDOO\ ,QVWHDG EHFRPH DZDUH RI  WKH
ZRXQGWKHSHUVRQKDVOHWRXWLQWKHRSHQEHJUDWHIXOWKDWVKH
KHOSHGXQFRYHULWDQGWDNHUHVSRQVLELOLW\LQKHDOLQJWKDWZRXQG
 /LVWHQLQJ7LSV
 $FWLYHO\OLVWHQ6KRZWKDW\RXDUHKHDULQJKLVKHUSRLQWRI YLHZ
 /LVWHQZLWKHPSDWK\DQGWU\WRVWDQGLQWKHVKRHRI WKHRWKHU
 $FFHSWFULWLFLVPRI \RXULGHDVRUEHKDYLRU7KLVGRHVQRWPHDQ
UHMHFWLRQRI \RXDVDSHUVRQ
 3DUDSKUDVHDQGFODULI\ZKHQQHHGHG
 &ROODERUDWLQJ7LSV
 6WDWH\RXUQHHGVRULQWHUHVWVQRW\RXUGHPDQGV
 'HDOZLWKLVVXHVRQHDWDWLPH
 6WDWHUHSHDWHGO\\RXUSRVLWLYHLQWHQWLRQVWRVROYHWKHSUREOHP
 %HVROXWLRQRULHQWHG3UHSDUH UHDOLVWLFSURSRVDOV IRU D VROXWLRQ
/RRNIRUVROXWLRQVWKDWDUHJRRGDQGIDLUWRERWKVLGHV
:KDWLV0HGLDWLRQ"
,GHDOO\ WZR SHRSOH ZLWK D FRQÁLFW VKRXOG EH DEOH WR UHVROYH WKHLU
SUREOHP WKURXJK D IDFHWRIDFH GLDORJXH +RZHYHU GLVSXWDQWV VRPH
WLPHVÀQGWKHPVHOYHVODFNLQJLQFRXUDJHRUVNLOOWRKDQGOHDSUREOHP
VROYLQJSURFHVV7KLVLVZKHUHDQLPSDUWLDOWKLUGSDUW\FDQFRPHLQWR
KHOSGLVSXWDQWVUHDFKDQDJUHHPHQWWKDWLVPXWXDOO\EHQHÀFLDODQGZRUN
DEOH


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

7KHPHGLDWRUFDQXVHWKHSUREOHPVROYLQJDSSURDFKGHVFULEHGDERYH
LQPHGLDWLQJFRQÁLFWV6KHVKRXOGPDNHVXUHWKDWWKHGLDORJXLQJWLSV
SUHYLRXVO\GLVFXVVHGDUHDOVRREVHUYHG7KHVHGLDORJXLQJWLSVFDQVHUYH
DVJURXQGUXOHVIRUWKHPHGLDWLRQSURFHVV
7KHUHDUHFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRUTXDOLWLHVHVVHQWLDOWRDJRRGPHGLDWRU0H
GLDWRUVKDYHWREHLPSDUWLDOWRHVWDEOLVKWUXVWDPRQJSDUWLHVLQFRQÁLFW
7KH\VKRXOGEHQRQMXGJPHQWDODQGXQGHUVWDQGLQJ0HGLDWRUVVKRXOGEH
ÁH[LEOHDQGFUHDWLYH7KH\VKRXOGNQRZKRZWRUHIUDPHVLWXDWLRQVDQG
EURDGHQSHUVSHFWLYHV0HGLDWRUVVKRXOGEHJRRGDWDQDO\VLVDVWKLVZLOO
KHOS LQ UHFRJQL]LQJ FDXVDO UHODWLRQVKLSV DQG LQ GLVWLQJXLVKLQJ LQWHUHVWV
IURPSRVLWLRQV 3RVLWLRQVDUHWKHGHPDQGVRI WKHSDUWLHVZKLOHLQWHUHVWV
DUHWKHXQGHUO\LQJQHHGVRUUHDVRQVIRUWKHGHPDQGV ,WZRXOGEHJRRG
IRUPHGLDWRUVWROHDGSDUWLHVLQWRIRFXVLQJRQWKHLQWHUHVWVDVWKLVRSHQV
XSWKHSRVVLEOHDOWHUQDWLYHVWRZDUGVDVROXWLRQ0HGLDWRUVVKRXOGVKRZ
UHJDUGDQGFRQFHUQIRUWKHSDUWLHVLQFRQÁLFW7KH\VKRXOGDOVREHWUXVW
ZRUWK\DQGRSWLPLVWLF7KH\VKRXOGDQWLFLSDWHDSRVLWLYHRXWFRPHDQG
LQÁXHQFHDGYHUVDULHV ZLWK VXFK KRSH ,Q WKH HYHQW WKDW WKH SURFHGXUH
GRHVQRWVXFFHHGWKH\VKRXOGHQFRXUDJHWKHGLVSXWDQWVWRWU\DJDLQ
:KDWLV&RQÁLFW7UDQVIRUPDWLRQ"
&RQÁLFW UHVROXWLRQ FDQ EH WRR IRFXVHG RQ DGGUHVVLQJ WKH LVVXH ,W
LV LPSRUWDQW WR QRWH WKDW WKH UHODWLRQVKLS LV DOVR LPSRUWDQW DV WKH LV
VXHDWKDQG0HQGLQJWKHUHODWLRQVKLSFDQEHIDFLOLWDWHGE\DFKDQJHLQ
WKHGLVSXWDQWV·RXWORRNDQGDWWLWXGHV&RQÁLFWWUDQVIRUPDWLRQLVDKLJKHU
JRDO FRPSDUHG WR FRQÁLFW UHVROXWLRQ &5  /HGHUDFK   H[SODLQV
WKDW FRQÁLFW WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ LQYROYHV FKDQJLQJ WKH ZD\ SDUWLHV ORRN DW
LVVXHVEHKDYLRUVDQGSHRSOHRUJURXSV7UDQVIRUPDWLRQPXVWWDNHSODFH
DWERWKWKHLQWHUQDODQGVWUXFWXUDOOHYHOV,WHPSKDVL]HVWKHLPSRUWDQFH
RI EXLOGLQJULJKWUHODWLRQVKLSVDQGVRFLDOVWUXFWXUHV

$WWKHSHUVRQDORULQWHUQDOOHYHO/HGHUDFKH[SODLQVWKDWWKHUHFRJ
QLWLRQRI IHHOLQJVVXFKDVIHDUDQJHUJULHIDQGELWWHUQHVVRQWKHSDUW
RI WKHSDUWLHVLQFRQÁLFWZLOOKHOSWKHPWRXQGHUVWDQGJURZDQGFRP


Resolving and Transforming Conflicts

PLWWRFKDQJH7KHVHHPRWLRQVPXVWEHGHDOWZLWKIRUHIIHFWLYHFRQÁLFW
WUDQVIRUPDWLRQWRRFFXU7UDQVIRUPDWLRQRI WKHSHUVRQDQGRI SHUVRQDO
UHODWLRQVKLSVPDNHVSRVVLEOHWKHWUDQVIRUPDWLRQRI VWUXFWXUHV6WUXFWXUDO
FKDQJHVLQWXUQIDFLOLWDWHSHUVRQDOWUDQVIRUPDWLRQ

*RDOVLQVHWWOLQJGLVSXWHVVKRXOGJREH\RQGUHVROYLQJWKHLVVXH7KH
WDUJHWVKRXOGEHWKHEXLOGLQJRI FUHDWLYHVROXWLRQVWKDWLPSURYHUHODWLRQ
VKLSV$SSO\LQJWKLVLQWKHVFKRROVHWWLQJVFKRROV·GLVFLSOLQHSURJUDPV
VKRXOGJREH\RQGVDQFWLRQV&RQVWUXFWLYHVWUDWHJLHVWRUHVROYHFRQÁLFWV
DPRQJVWXGHQWV ´HQGLQJVRPHWKLQJQRWGHVLUHGµ DQGWRWUDQVIRUPGLV
SXWDQWV· UHODWLRQVKLSV ´EXLOGLQJ VRPHWKLQJ GHVLUHG µ DUH RSWLRQV WKDW
DUHGRDEOHDQGPRUHSHDFHIXO

7HDFKLQJ/HDUQLQJ,GHDV
‡ :HEFKDUW:ULWHWKHZRUG´FRQÁLFWµRQWKHERDUGDQGDVN\RXU
VWXGHQWVWRFRQQHFWZLWKLWZRUGVWKDWWKH\DVVRFLDWHZLWKFRQ
ÁLFW:KHQGRQHDVNVWXGHQWVIRUFRPPRQDOLWLHVDQGJHQHUDOL]D
WLRQV LQ WKH UHVSRQVHV &DWHJRUL]H UHVSRQVHV HJ PHDQLQJ RI 
FRQÁLFWFDXVHVDQGHIIHFWV 
‡ 1HZVDQDO\VLV$VN\RXUVWXGHQWVWREULQJQHZVSDSHUVWRFODVV
$VNWKHPWRORRNXSDUWLFOHVWKDWGHSLFWFRQÁLFW$VNWKHPWR
LGHQWLI\FDXVHVDQG LPSOLFDWLRQV $IWHU WKH LQGLYLGXDO ZRUN HQ
FRXUDJHVWXGHQWVWRVKDUHWKHLULQVLJKWVLQFODVV
‡ 6KDULQJRI REVWDFOHVWRFRQÁLFWUHVROXWLRQ$VNVWXGHQWVWRIRUP
DFLUFOH$VNWKHPWRUHFDOODFRQÁLFWLQFLGHQWWKH\ZHUHLQYROYHG
LQEXWZHUHQRWDEOHWRUHVROYH$VNZKDWKLQGHUHGWKHPIURP
UHVROYLQJWKHFRQÁLFW*HWYROXQWHHUVWRVKDUHWKHLUH[SHULHQFHV
‡ $VN\RXUVWXGHQWVWRWKLQNRI WKHLUSHUVRQDOFRQÁLFWUHVROXWLRQ
VW\OHLQUHODWLRQWRWKHWRSLFFRYHUHGLQFODVV$VNWKHPWRUHÁHFW
RQKRZWKHLUVW\OHVDIIHFWWKHLUUHODWLRQVKLSV$VNWKHPWRZULWH
GRZQDWOHDVWWKUHHLPSOLFDWLRQVRI WKHLU&5VW\OHLQWKHLUUHOD
WLRQVKLSVDQGKRZWKH\IHHODERXWWKHVH


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

‡ $VN\RXUVWXGHQWVWRGUDIWUXOHVIRUDSHDFHDEOHFODVVURRPZKHUH
FRQÁLFWVDUHHIIHFWLYHO\PDQDJHGDQGUHVROYHG7HOOWKHPWRPDNH
SRVWHUVRXWRI WKHVH
‡ 2SHQWKH%R[$VNVWXGHQWVWRGUDZDYHUWLFDOOLQHLQWKHPLGGOH
RI DERQGSDSHU,QVWUXFWWKHPWRWKLQNRI DSHUVRQRUSHUVRQV
WKH\KDYHDQDYHUVLRQWRDQGWKHUHDVRQIRUWKLVIHHOLQJ$VNWKHP
WRGUDZDFORVHGER[RQWKHOHIWVLGHZKHUHWKH\ZRXOGZULWHD
ÀFWLWLRXVQDPHRUV\PEROUHSUHVHQWLQJWKHSHUVRQLQFOXGLQJWKLV
SHUVRQ·VDWWLWXGHRUEHKDYLRUWKDWDQQR\VKLPKHU7KHVWXGHQWV
FDQGUDZPRUHWKDQRQHER[

dŚĞZĂŝŶĨĂůů͛ƐŽdžĞƐ

Z/E&>>
dĂůŬƐďĞŚŝŶĚŽŶĞ͛ƐďĂĐŬ

7KHQLQVWUXFWWKHVWXGHQWVWRWKLQNRI DJRRGDWWULEXWHVRI WKLV


SHUVRQ'RQRWDOORZWKHVWXGHQWWRZULWH´QRQHµHPSKDVL]LQJ
WKDWHDFKSHUVRQKDVERWKJRRGDQGXQSOHDVDQWTXDOLWLHV,QVWUXFW
WKHPWRGUDZDQRSHQER[RQWKHULJKWVLGHRI WKHSDSHUZULWH
WKHQDPHRI WKHSHUVRQDQGKLVKHUJRRGDWWULEXWHV


Resolving and Transforming Conflicts

Z/E&>> Z/E&>>
dĂůŬƐďĞŚŝŶĚŽŶĞ͛ƐďĂĐŬ ,ĞůƉĨƵů
^ƵƉƉŽƌƟǀĞ

3URFHVV4XHVWLRQV
 +RZGLG\RXIHHODERXWGRLQJWKHÀUVWER["WKHVHFRQGER["
 :K\GLG\RXIHHOWKLVZD\"
 :KDWFRQVHTXHQFHVDUHWKHUHLI RXUIHHOLQJVJHQHUDWHGE\WKHÀUVW
ER[OLQJHU"
 :K\GR\RXWKLQNGLGZHGRWKHVHFRQGER[":KDWEHQHÀWVDUHWKHUH
WRGRLQJLW"
 :K\LVWKHÀUVWER[DFORVHGER[DQGWKHVHFRQGDQRSHQRQH"
 :KDWRWKHULQVLJKWVGLG\RXJDLQIURPWKHDFWLYLW\"
‡ $IWHU WKH GLVFXVVLRQ UHLQIRUFH WKH OHDUQLQJ WKDW VWD\LQJ KRVWLOH
WRZDUGVRWKHUVKDVGHWULPHQWDOHIIHFWV1HJDWLYHIHHOLQJVFUHDWH
SRLVRQLQXVDQGLQRWKHUV:HVKRXOGEHRSHQWRWKHWKRXJKW
WKDWHYHQLI SHRSOHKDYHXQSOHDVDQWDWWULEXWHVWKH\WRRKDYHUH
GHHPLQJ TXDOLWLHV ,W LV PXFK HDVLHU WR EDGPRXWK DQG WKLQN RI 
RXUVHOYHVDVPRUDOO\VXSHULRU%XWDWWLWXGHVDQGDFWLRQVZHGRQRW
OLNHLQRWKHUVGRQRWVWD\LQWKHPIRUHYHUDVSHRSOHJURZRXWRI 
WKHLURZQPLVWDNHVRUXQSOHDVDQWZD\V+HQFH´ER[LQJµSHRSOH
LQLVXQKHDOWK\:KDWZHKDYHWRFXOWLYDWHLQXVWRDYRLGFRQÁLFWV
LV WR NHHS DQ RSHQ PLQG WKDW SHRSOH LQ WKHLU LPSHUIHFWLRQ DUH
FDSDEOHRI FKDQJH


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

‡ 6WRU\WHOOLQJ6KDUHDQLQFLGHQWLQFODVVZKHQ\RXJRWYHU\DQJU\
'HVFULEHWKHFDXVHWKHIHHOLQJVWKDWZHQWZLWKLWZKDW\RXGLG
WKHUHDIWHUDQGWKHOHVVRQV\RXOHDUQHGIURPWKHH[SHULHQFH(Q
FRXUDJHRWKHUVLQFODVVWRVKDUHWKHLURZQVWRULHVWRRIROORZLQJ
WKHSURFHGXUH\RXVHWDQGHPSKDVL]LQJWKHOHVVRQVOHDUQHGIURP
WKHH[SHULHQFH$IWHUWKHVKDULQJSURFHHGZLWKWKHGLVFXVVLRQRI 
DQJHUPDQDJHPHQW7KHQDVNWKHVWXGHQWVWRFRPSOHWHWKLVVHQ
WHQFH1H[WWLPHWKDW,JHWDQJU\,ZLOO«

‡ 5ROHSOD\LQJ$VNWKHFODVVWRIRUPSDUWQHUJURXSV5HDGWRWKHP
WKHIROORZLQJVWRU\RI FRQÁLFW

 &RQÁLFW6LWXDWLRQ
$OL]DLVDQHZJLUOLQFODVV6KHLVDWUDQVIHUHHIURPDQRWKHU
JLUOV·VFKRRO,QKHUIRUPHUVFKRRO$OL]DZDVDFRQVLVWHQWKRQRU
VWXGHQWDQGFODVVRIÀFHU

2QWKHÀUVWIHZGD\VRI FODVV$OL]DPDGHDJRRGLPSUHVVLRQ
RQKHUWHDFKHUV6KHSDUWLFLSDWHGDFWLYHO\LQGLVFXVVLRQVDQGRI
IHUHGKHUVHOI ZKHQHYHUWHDFKHUVDVNHGIRUYROXQWHHUVWKHZD\VKH
ZDVXVHGWR

7HUHVDDQROGWLPHUDQGSRSXODUVWXGHQWIURPWKHVDPHFODVV
ZDVDIIHFWHGE\$OL]D·VEHKDYLRU6KHWKRXJKWWKDW$OL]DZDVUHFLW
LQJWRRRIWHQWKDWVKHZDVDOUHDG\PRQRSROL]LQJFODVVGLVFXVVLRQV
7HUHVDDOVRIHOWWKDWEHFDXVH$OL]DZDVYROXQWHHULQJLQDOPRVWDQ\
DFWLYLW\VKHZDVGHSULYLQJRWKHUPHPEHUVRI WKHFODVVWKHFKDQFH
WREHUHFRJQL]HGE\WKHWHDFKHUV7HUHVD·VJURXSGLGQ·WOLNH$OL]D
WRR7KH\VWDUWHGWRPDNHQDVW\UHPDUNVZKHQHYHU$OL]DUHFLWHG
7KH\LJQRUHGKHUDQGSUHWHQGHGWKH\GLGQRWKHDUZKHQHYHUVKH
WDONHGWRWKHP6RRQDIWHU$OL]DIHOWDORQHDQGRXWRI SODFH6KH
ZDVDOVRYHU\KXUWE\KHUFODVVPDWHV·UHSHDWHGUHPDUNVVXFKDV´R
SDNLQJJDQDQJIHHOLQJµ OLVWHQWRVRPHRQHZKRLVIHHOLQJJUHDW 


Resolving and Transforming Conflicts

7KHVLWXDWLRQUHDFKHGLWVSHDNZKHQRQHGD\WKHLUKRPHURRP
WHDFKHUDVNHGIRUDYROXQWHHUWRHUDVHWKHERDUG6HQVLQJWKDWQR
RQHZDVWRRZLOOLQJWRGRWKHFKRUH$OL]DVWRRGXSWRGRWKHMRE
2QKHUZD\WRWKHIURQW7HUHVDSXWKHUIRRWDORQJ$OL]D·VSDWK
FDXVLQJKHUWRIDOO$EXUVWRI ODXJKWHUHQVXHGSURPSWLQJ$OL]D
WREUHDNGRZQDQGFU\

7KHFODVVDGYLVHUDVNHG7HUHVDDQG$OL]DWRVWD\DIWHUFODVVWR
WDONWKLQJVRXWDQGÀQGDVROXWLRQWRWKHLUFRQÁLFW

‡ $VN WKH SDUWQHUJURXSV WR FKRRVH ZKLFK FKDUDFWHU WKH\ ZRXOG


OLNHWRSOD\$VNWKHPWRÀQGDSODFHLQWKHFODVVURRPWRVHWWOH
WKHLUFRQÁLFWXVLQJWKHSUREOHPVROYLQJDSSURDFKDQGWKHWLSVWR
DJRRGGLDORJXH
‡ $IWHUHYHU\RQHLVÀQLVKHGDVNWKHPWKHIROORZLQJTXHVWLRQV
 :KDWKDSSHQHGWR\RXUGLDORJXH"
 :KDWIDFLOLWDWHGUHVROXWLRQ":KDWFDXVHGLWVEUHDNGRZQ"
 :KDWVKRXOGZHGRWRKHOSIDFLOLWDWHDQDFFHSWDEOHVROXWLRQ
WRWKHFRQÁLFW"
 :KDWVKRXOGZHQRWGR"
 :KDWRWKHUOHVVRQVKDYH\RXOHDUQHGIURPWKHH[SHULHQFH"
 ,V FRQÁLFW WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ QRW RQO\ UHVROXWLRQ SRVVLEOH LQ
WKLVVLWXDWLRQ"+RZ"
‡ ,QYLWH\RXUVWXGHQWVWRZULWHFRQFUHWHSODQVWRLPSURYHWKHLUFRQ
ÁLFWUHVROXWLRQVNLOOVDQGLOOXVWUDWHKRZWKH\ZLOOSXWWKHVHVWUDWH
JLHVLQWRDFWLRQ
‡ ,QYLWH \RXU VWXGHQWV WR UHÁHFW RQ WKH NLQG RI  OLVWHQHU WKH\ DUH
ZKHQLQGLDORJXHZLWKDQDGYHUVDU\DQGZULWHZKDWWKH\GRWKDW
GRQRWDGKHUHWRWKHVWDQGDUGRI JRRGDFWLYHOLVWHQLQJ$VNWKHP
WR LGHQWLI\ VWUDWHJLHV WR LQWHJUDWH DFWLYH OLVWHQLQJ LQ WKHLU IXWXUH
GLDORJXHV


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

Šƒ’–‡”ͳͲ

6KDULQJWKH(DUWK·V
5HVRXUFHV

,
QDZRUOGRI JUHDWZHDOWKWKHUHLVDPXOWLWXGLQRXVVXPRI SHRSOH
ZKR OLYH LQ DEVROXWH SRYHUW\ 7KH +XPDQ 'HYHORSPHQW 5HSRUW
 LQGLFDWHVWKDWRI WKHZRUOG·VVL[ELOOLRQSHRSOHELOOLRQOLYH
RQOHVVWKDQGD\7KHH[WHQWRI SRYHUW\LVLQGLFDWHGDVZHOOLQRWKHU
PHDVXUHV)RULQVWDQFHPLOOLRQSHRSOHDUHXQGHUQRXULVKHG )$2DV
FLWHGLQ3KLO6WDU6HSW PLOOLRQSULPDU\DJHFKLOGUHQDUH
QRW HQUROOHG DQG PRUH WKDQ  ELOOLRQ SHRSOH ³ DOPRVW KDOI  RI  WKH
ZRUOG·VWRWDO³GRQRWKDYHDFFHVVWREDVLFVDQLWDWLRQZLWKPRUHWKDQ
ELOOLRQVWLOOXVLQJXQVDIHVRXUFHVRI GULQNLQJZDWHU 810LOOHQQLXP
3URMHFW² $FFRUGLQJWR81,&()  FKLOGUHQDJH
DQGEHORZGLHHDFKGD\GXHWRSRYHUW\7KDWLVDERXWFKLOGUHQ
HDFKZHHNRUMXVWXQGHUPLOOLRQFKLOGUHQHDFK\HDU7KH\´GLHTXLHWO\
LQVRPHRI WKHSRRUHVWYLOODJHVRQHDUWKIDUUHPRYHGIURPWKHVFUXWLQ\
DQG WKH FRQVFLHQFH RI  WKH ZRUOGµ 3RYHUW\ LV DOVR D PDMRU IDFWRU ZK\
QXPHURXVZRPHQGLHLQSUHJQDQF\RUFKLOGELUWK7KH810LOOHQQLXP
3URMHFW  UHSRUWHGWKDWPRUHWKDQKDOI DPLOOLRQZRPHQGLH
HYHU\\HDUIURPSUHJQDQF\UHODWHGFDXVHV

,QWKH3KLOLSSLQHVPLOOLRQIDPLOLHVRURI WKHSRSXODWLRQ
ZHUHSRRULQ7KHDYHUDJHSRYHUW\OLQHIRUDIDPLO\RI ZDVGH
WHUPLQHGWREHDW3PRQWK2QDQLQGLYLGXDOEDVLVRI WKH
SRSXODWLRQRUPLOOLRQ)LOLSLQRVZHUHSRRU 3',0DUFK 


7UDJLF*DS
:KLOHDQDODUPLQJQXPEHUVXIIHUVIURPSRYHUW\DQGWKHDFFRPSDQ\
LQJPLVHU\LWEULQJVDVPDOOHUQXPEHURI WKHZRUOG·VSRSXODWLRQEDVNVRQ
DEXQGDQWZHDOWK7KHULFKHVWRI WKHZRUOG·VSHRSOHIRULQVWDQFHUH
FHLYHVWLPHVWKHLQFRPHRI WKHSRRUHVW7KHULFKHVWUHFHLYHV
DVPXFKDVWKHSRRUHVW6LPLODUO\WKHPLOOLRQULFKHVW$PHULFDQV
KDYHDVPXFKLQFRPHDVDOPRVWELOOLRQRI WKHZRUOG·VSRRUHVWSHRSOH
0LODQRYLFDVFLWHGE\+'5 7KHFRPELQHGZHDOWKRI WKH
ZRUOG·VULFKHVWSHRSOHLVWULOOLRQZKLOHWKHFRPELQHGLQFRPHRI 
WKHPLOOLRQSHRSOHOLYLQJLQOHDVWGHYHORSHGFRXQWULHVLVELO
OLRQ +'5   )XUWKHUPRUH WKH GHYHORSLQJ ZRUOG VSHQGV  RQ
GHEWUHSD\PHQWIRUHYHU\LWUHFHLYHVLQJUDQWV :RUOG%DQN 

7KH WUDJLF JXOI  EHWZHHQ WKH ULFK DQG WKH SRRU LV DOVR UHÁHFWHG LQ
WKH3KLOLSSLQHVLWXDWLRQ)RUH[DPSOH6XOX3URYLQFHLQ0LQGDQDRKDG
DQLQFLGHQFHRI SRYHUW\ZKLOH0HWUR0DQLOD·VSRYHUW\LQFLGHQFH
ZDVRQO\DW 3KLOLSSLQH+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW5HSRUW 7KH
3+'5DOVRUHSRUWVVWDUNFRQWUDVWVLQWKHSRYHUW\UHODWHGPHDVXUHVRI 
OLIH H[SHFWDQF\ DQG SHUFHQWDJH RI  KLJK VFKRRO JUDGXDWHV EHWZHHQ WKH
WZRSURYLQFHV/LIHH[SHFWDQF\DWELUWKLQ0DQLODZDVDW\HDUVLQ
ZKLOHLQ6XOXLWZDV\HDUV3HUFHQWDJHRI KLJKVFKRROJUDGX
DWHVLQ0HWUR0DQLODZDVZKLOHLQ6XOXLWZDVRQO\,WLV
QRVXUSULVHWKHQWKDW6XOXLVRQHRI WKHWRSFRQÁLFWDIIHFWHGDUHDVLQWKH
3KLOLSSLQHV

$VLWXDWLRQZKHUHKXJHQXPEHUVRI SHRSOHGURZQLQWKHFDXOGURQRI 
PLVHU\ZKLOHDIHZWDNHSOHDVXUHLQKDYLQJDSOHWKRUDRI PDWHULDOFKRLFHV
LVDVWDWHRI YLROHQFH6WUXFWXUDOYLROHQFHUHIHUVWRWKHV\VWHPVLQVWLWX
WLRQVDQGSROLFLHVWKDWPHHWVRPHSHRSOH·VKXPDQQHHGVULJKWVRUZDQWV
DW WKH H[SHQVH RI  RWKHUV +XQJHU DQG SRYHUW\ DUH V\PSWRPV RI  WKLV
YLROHQFH &DZDJDV7RKDQG*DUURQHHGV 7KHVHV\VWHPVLQVWLWX
WLRQVDQGSROLFLHVDUHZHOOHQWUHQFKHGLQDJOREDOHFRQRPLFLQWHUQDWLRQDO
RUGHU FRQWUROOHG E\ SRZHUIXO QDWLRQVWDWHVLQWHUQDWLRQDO DJHQFLHV DQG


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

WUDQVQDWLRQDOFRUSRUDWLRQVZKHUHLQHTXLWDEOHWUDGHSUDFWLFHVSUHYDLOUH
VXOWLQJLQPRUHWUDJLFJDSVEHWZHHQWKHULFKDQGWKHSRRU

2WKHU&DXVHVRI 3RYHUW\
:KDWRWKHUIDFWRUVH[SODLQWKLVLQHTXDOLW\"+LVWRULDQVSROLWLFDOVFLHQ
WLVWVDQGSHDFHHGXFDWRUVDPRQJRWKHUVKDYHRIIHUHGH[SODQDWLRQVIRU
WKLVSKHQRPHQRQ7KHFDXVHVPRUHIUHTXHQWO\SRLQWHGWRDUHDVIROORZV

‡ :DU$UPHGFRQÁLFWVGLVUXSWWKHSHRSOH·VOLYHOLKRRGDQGDOOSUR
GXFWLYHDFWLYLWLHV,Q0LQGDQDR3KLOLSSLQHVIRUH[DPSOHLWZDV
HVWLPDWHG WKDW RYHU WKH SHULRG ² WKH RXWSXW ORVW ZDV
DSSUR[LPDWHO\EHWZHHQELOOLRQWRELOOLRQSHVRVDQQXDOO\ %D
UDQGLDUDQDVFLWHGE\3+'5 $QGLI LQYHVWPHQWRSSRU
WXQLWLHVWKDWZHUHORVWZHUHWREHFRXQWHGLQWKHHFRQRPLFFRVW
RI WKHZDULQ0LQGDQDRZRXOGDPRXQWWRELOOLRQSHVRVDQQX
DOO\ 6FKLDYR&DPSRDQG-XGGDVFLWHGE\3+'5 $OVR
IRXURI WKHÀYHSURYLQFHVZLWKWKHKLJKHVWSRYHUW\LQFLGHQFHLQ
WKH3KLOLSSLQHVDUHIRXQGLQZDUWRUQ0LQGDQDR6XOX7DZLWDZL
%DVLODQDQG=DPERDQJDGHO1RUWH
‡ 3ROLWLFDO V\VWHPV FUHDWHG E\ ORFDO SROLWLFDO HOLWH WKDW KDYH FRP
ELQHG ZLWK SURÀWPRWLYDWHG HFRQRPLF V\VWHPV WKDW UHGXFH RS
SRUWXQLWLHVIRUPRVWSHRSOHWRHDUQHQRXJKWRPHHWWKHLUEDVLF
QHHGV
‡ ,QHTXLWDEOHGLVWULEXWLRQRI ZHDOWKDQGUHVRXUFHVPXFKRI ZKLFK
KDVEHJXQLQFRORQLDOKLVWRU\&RORQL]DWLRQKDVKDGDGYHUVHLP
SDFWVRQWKHFRORQL]HGQDWLRQV·HFRQRPLFVLWXDWLRQ7KH'HYH
ORSPHQW(GXFDWLRQ3URMHFW  UHSRUWVWKDWFRORQL]DWLRQDO
WHUHG WKH HFRQRPLHV RI  WKH FRORQL]HG HQVXULQJ WKH SURYLVLRQ
RI  UDZ PDWHULDOV IRU WKH FRORQL]HU DQG VHYHUHO\ UHVWULFWLQJ WKH
GHYHORSPHQWRI WKHIRUPHU7KLVOHIWWKHPZLWKPDMRUHFRQRPLF
DQGSROLWLFDOGLIÀFXOWLHV7KHH[SHULHQFHRI FRORQL]DWLRQKDVDOVR
VHWDQLQWHUQDWLRQDOHFRQRPLFV\VWHPWKDWDVVXUHVWKH:HVWRI D


Sharing the Earth’s Resources

VWHDG\PDUNHWIRULWVSURGXFWV,QWKH3KLOLSSLQHVWKHLQGLJHQRXV
SHRSOHV ZHUH KLVWRULFDOO\ VHOIVXVWDLQLQJ EXW WKH LQMXVWLFHV RYHU
WKH FHQWXULHV EHJLQQLQJ ZLWK FRORQL]DWLRQ KDYH GHVWUR\HG WKHLU
VHOI VXIÀFLHQF\ 'HHLQ$EXHYD HG  
‡ (QYLURQPHQWDO FRQGLWLRQV 6RPH SODFHV DUH EOHVVHG ZLWK PRUH
DEXQGDQWUHVRXUFHVZKLOHRWKHUVKDYHWRFRQWHQGZLWKODQGVWKDW
FDQQRW\LHOGFURSV
‡ 2YHUXWLOL]DWLRQ RI  UHVRXUFHV &RUDO UHHIV KDYH EHHQ GHVWUR\HG
IRUHVWVKDYHEHHQORJJHGDQGDJULFXOWXUDOODQGVKDYHORVWPXFK
WRSVRLOGXHWRRYHUDSSOLFDWLRQRI SHVWLFLGHVE\WKHSUHYLRXVJHQ
HUDWLRQVFDXVLQJUHGXFHG\LHOGV
‡ /DFNRI RSSRUWXQLWLHVVXFKDVHPSOR\PHQW
‡ /DFNRI HGXFDWLRQ
‡ &RUUXSWLRQ
‡ 2YHUFRQVXPSWLRQ
‡ *UHHG

'HP\VWLI\LQJ0\WKVDERXW3RYHUW\
,W V RIWHQ WRXWHG WKDW SRYHUW\ LV FDXVHG E\ VFDUFH UHVRXUFHV RYHU
SRSXODWLRQRUOD]LQHVV+RZHYHUWKH,QVWLWXWHIRU)RRGDQG'HYHORS
PHQW3ROLF\  DVVHUWVWKDWWKHUHLVHQRXJKJUDLQJURZQZRUOGZLGH
WRSURYLGHHYHU\SHUVRQZLWKFDORULHVHDFKGD\DQGHQRXJKIRRG
WRSURYLGHDWOHDVWSRXQGVRI IRRGSHUSHUVRQDGD\ZRUOGZLGH$QG
HYHQLI WKH8QLWHG1DWLRQV3RSXODWLRQ)XQGFODLPVWKDWEHWWHUUHSUR
GXFWLYHKHDOWKUHGXFHVSRYHUW\UHSRUWLQJWKDWGHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHVZLWK
VORZHUSRSXODWLRQJURZWKKDYHVHHQKLJKHUSURGXFWLYLW\ 3','HFHP
EHU SRSXODWLRQGHQVLW\GRHVQRWQHFHVVDULO\FRUUHVSRQGWRWKH
SUHYDOHQFHRI KXQJHU&KLQDIRULQVWDQFHKDVRQO\KDOI WKHDJULFXOWXUDO
ODQGSHUSHUVRQFRPSDUHGWR,QGLD\HW&KLQDDSSHDUVWRKDYHHOLPLQDWHG
ZLGHVSUHDGKXQJHU)URPWR&KLQD·VDQQXDOJURVVQDWLRQDO
SURGXFWJUHZIURPELOOLRQWRWULOOLRQ 'RURQLOOD 2Q


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

WKH PDWWHU RI  OD]LQHVV IDUPHUV ÀVKHUIRON DQG ODERUHUV DPRQJ RWKHU


ZRUNHUVZRUNYHU\KDUGDQGIRUORQJKRXUVWRVXUYLYH\HWWKH\DUHVWLOO
RQWKHOLVWRI WKHZRUOG·VSRRU7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU3HDFHDQG-XVWLFH  
DVVHUWVWKDWLQHYHU\FRXQWU\ZKHUHWKHUHLVSRYHUW\DFRPPRQSDWWHUQ
FDQEHIRXQGWKDWLVDSRZHUIXOIHZH[HUFLVHVHYHUWLJKWHQLQJFRQWURO
RYHU IRRG SURGXFWLRQ DQG RWKHU HFRQRPLF UHVRXUFHV DW WKH PDMRULW\·V
H[SHQVH

7KH´3URPLVHµRI (FRQRPLF*OREDOL]DWLRQ
(FRQRPLF JOREDOL]DWLRQ UHIHUV WR WKH HFRQRPLF LQWHJUDWLRQ RI  WKH
ZRUOGV·FRXQWULHVWKURXJKWKHLQFUHDVHGÁRZRI JRRGVDQGVHUYLFHVFDS
LWDODQGODERU 6WLJOLW] 3DXO6WUHHWHQFDOOVWKLVPRGHOJOREDOL]DWLRQ
´IURPDERYHµ FLWHGE\2ORND2Q\DQJRDQG8GDJDPD ,WVPRVW
LPSRUWDQW DVSHFWV DUH WKH EUHDNLQJ GRZQ RI  QDWLRQDO HFRQRPLF EDUUL
HUVWKHJURZWKLQWUDGHDQGWKHNH\UROHDQGLQÁXHQFHRI WUDQVQDWLRQDO
FRUSRUDWLRQVDQGLQWHUQDWLRQDOÀQDQFLDOLQVWLWXWLRQV .KRU (FR
QRPLFJOREDOL]DWLRQLVVXSSRVHGWREULQJLQHQRUPRXVEHQHÀWVDPRQJ
ZKLFKDUH
‡ WKHSURPRWLRQRI HFRQRPLFHIÀFLHQF\DQG
‡ WKH H[SDQVLRQ RI  RSSRUWXQLWLHV IRU JURZWK DQG GHYHORSPHQW
WKHUHE\UHGXFLQJSRYHUW\DQGLQHTXLW\DQGHQKDQFLQJKXPDQGH
YHORSPHQWDQGVHFXULW\
(FRQRPLFJOREDOL]DWLRQKDVDFWXDOO\WULJJHUHGFDSLWDOÁRZVWRGHYHO
RSLQJFRXQWULHVDQGKDVFUHDWHGZHDOWK+RZHYHUHFRQRPLFLQGLFDWRUV
IURPWKH\HDUVWRLQGLFDWHWKDWWKHEHQHÀWVKDYHQRWWULFNOHG
GRZQWRZKHUHWKHPDMRULW\LV*OREDOXQHPSOR\PHQWKDVUHDFKHGWKH
PLOOLRQPDUNRI WKHZRUOG·VELOOLRQSHRSOHOLYHLQSRYHUW\
DQGRI WKHZRUOG·VSHRSOHOLYHLQFRXQWULHVZLWKJURZLQJLQHTXDOLW\
6WLJOLW] 

:KDWKDVJRQHZURQJ"&ULWLFVSRLQWWRWKHXQIDLUUXOHVRI WKHJDPH
VHW E\ WKH ULFK FRXQWULHV WKDW RZQ WKH WUDQVQDWLRQDO FRUSRUDWLRQV DQG


Sharing the Earth’s Resources

GRPLQDWH WKH LQWHUQDWLRQDO ÀQDQFLDO LQVWLWXWLRQV 6XFK UXOHV ZHUH GH


VLJQHG WR ZRUN WR WKHLU DGYDQWDJH (FRQRPLF JOREDOL]DWLRQ KDV DOVR
RYHUHPSKDVL]HGWKHPDWHULDOPRUHWKDQHQGVWKDWPDWWHUVXFKDVKXPDQ
ULJKWVGHYHORSPHQWHTXLW\LQFOXVLRQKXPDQVHFXULW\DQGWKHHQYLURQ
PHQW

7KH +XPDQ 'HYHORSPHQW 5HSRUW   ZULWHV WKDW WKHVH YDOXHV


VKRXOGWDNHSUHFHGHQFHRYHUWKHJRDORI SURÀWDFFXPXODWLRQIRUJOREDO
L]DWLRQWRZRUN,QSHDFHHGXFDWLRQWKHJRDOWKDWLVVRXJKWLVWKHPD[L
PL]DWLRQRI ZHOOEHLQJDQGQRWWKHPD[LPL]DWLRQRI SURÀW

&KDOOHQJLQJ(FRQRPLF,QHTXLW\
+RZFDQWKHUHVRXUFHVRI WKHZRUOGEHPRUHIDLUO\GLVWULEXWHG"7KH
IROORZLQJ DUH VXJJHVWLRQV FXOOHG IURP YDULRXV RUJDQL]DWLRQV ZRUNLQJ
IRUGHYHORSPHQWDQGIURPSDUWLFLSDQWVRI ZRUNVKRSVFRQGXFWHGE\WKH
&HQWHUIRU3HDFH(GXFDWLRQ

*OREDO
‡ (VWDEOLVKDQHZLQWHUQDWLRQDODQGSROLWLFDOHFRQRPLFRUGHUWKDW
LVIDLU1(7:25.  SURSRVHVDQLQWHUQDWLRQDOWUDGHDQG
LQYHVWPHQWV\VWHPWKDWUHVSHFWVDQGVXSSRUWVWKHGLJQLW\RI WKH
KXPDQSHUVRQDVKXPDQVDUHWKHVXEMHFWVRI GHYHORSPHQWDQG
QRWWKHWRROVWREHXVHGIRUGHYHORSPHQW7KLVQHZLQWHUQDWLRQDO
HFRQRPLFRUGHUVKRXOGQRWPDNHSURÀWDVWKHVROHGULYLQJIRUFH
EXWWDNHLQWRVHULRXVFRQVLGHUDWLRQWKHDGYDQFHPHQWRI WKHFRP
PRQJRRG1(7:25.DOVRSURSRVHVWKDWWKLVJOREDOHFRQRPLF
V\VWHPUHVSHFWWKHJOREDOHQYLURQPHQWWRHQVXUHVXVWDLQDELOLW\RI 
RXUÀQLWHHDUWK
‡ :HDOWK\FRXQWULHVVKRXOGRSHQXSWKHLUPDUNHWVWRSRRUFRXQ
WULHVZLWKRXWFRQGLWLRQDOLW\
‡ 'HYHORSHGFRXQWULHVVKRXOGSURYLGHXQFRQGLWLRQDOGHEWUHOLHI DV
LWLVWKHIRUHLJQGHEWEXUGHQWKDWFRPSHOVPRVWGHYHORSLQJFRXQ


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

WULHVWRUHGXFHDOORFDWLRQVIRUEDVLFVRFLDODQGHFRQRPLFVHUYLFHV
7KHGHYHORSLQJZRUOGVSHQGVRQGHEWUHSD\PHQWIRUHYHU\
LWUHFHLYHVLQJUDQWV :RUOG%DQN 
‡ $VVLVWDQFH JLYHQ WR GHYHORSLQJ QDWLRQV VKRXOG EH LQ WKH IRUP
RI  JUDQWV ZLWKRXW FRQGLWLRQV WKDW IXUWKHU SXVK WKH FRXQWU\ LQ
WKHERWWRPRI WKHSRYHUW\FDXOGURQ&XUUHQWO\WKHZRUOG·VGH
YHORSLQJFRXQWULHVRZHFUHGLWRUVURXJKO\86WULOOLRQ 6WLJOLW]
 
‡ 5LFKFRXQWULHVVKRXOGRSHQDFFHVVWRWHFKQRORJLHVDVWHFKQRORJ\
KHOSVSURSHOGHYHORSPHQW
‡ 5HGXFH PLOLWDU\ H[SHQGLWXUHV VR WKDW PRUH UHVRXUFHV ZRXOG EH
PDGHDYDLODEOHIRUEDVLFVHUYLFHVDQGSURGXFWLYHDFWLYLWLHV

1DWLRQDO
‡ $JHQXLQHDQGFRPSUHKHQVLYHDJUDULDQUHIRUPSURJUDPVKRXOG
EHLPSOHPHQWHG7KH,QVWLWXWHIRU)RRGDQG'HYHORSPHQW3RO
LF\  UHSRUWHGWKDWFRPSUHKHQVLYHODQGUHIRUPKDVJUHDWO\
LQFUHDVHGSURGXFWLRQLQFRXQWULHVOLNH-DSDQ=LPEDEZHDQG7DL
ZDQ
‡ *RYHUQPHQWVKRXOGLQFUHDVHVXEVLG\IRUHGXFDWLRQZKLFKKHOSV
HYHQWKHSOD\LQJÀHOG
‡ *RYHUQPHQW DQG SULYDWH OHQGLQJ LQVWLWXWLRQV VKRXOG LQVWLWXWH
FUHGLWUHIRUPVWKDWZLOOVXSSRUWVPDOODQGPHGLXPVFDOHHQWUH
SUHQHXUV
‡ *RYHUQPHQWVKRXOGSURYLGHWUDLQLQJVNLOOVSURJUDPVVXFKDVOLYH
OLKRRGDQGPDUNHWLQJ
‡ 3URJUHVVLYHWD[DWLRQUHIRUPVVKRXOGEHLQVWLWXWHGWRLQFUHDVHWKH
SXUFKDVLQJSRZHURI WKHSRRU
‡ 5XUDO LQIUDVWUXFWXUH VXFK DV IDUP WR PDUNHW URDGV DQG GU\LQJ
IDFLOLWLHVIRUKDUYHVWVKRXOGEHGHYHORSHG
‡ 7KHJRYHUQPHQWVKRXOGPDNHLWVHOI PRUHDFFHVVLEOHDQGYLVLEOH


Sharing the Earth’s Resources

WRWKHSHRSOHWKURXJKGHFHQWUDOL]DWLRQ'HFHQWUDOL]DWLRQLVWKH
SURFHVV RI  WUDQVIHUULQJ WR ORFDO JRYHUQPHQW XQLWV SROLWLFDO DX
WKRULW\UHVRXUFHVDQGUHVSRQVLELOLWLHVVRWKDWWKHODWWHUPD\EHWWHU
GHOLYHUEDVLFVHUYLFHV
‡ 7UDQVQDWLRQDOFRUSRUDWLRQVVKRXOGEHREOLJHGWRPDNHFRQWULEX
WLRQVWRFRPPXQLW\GHYHORSPHQWDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOSURWHFWLRQ
‡ $FRGHRI FRQGXFWVKRXOGEHVHWIRUWUDQVQDWLRQDOFRUSRUDWLRQV
WRIROORZ7KH\VKRXOGWDNHWKHOHDGLQSD\LQJFRUUHFWWD[HVSD\
LQJOLYDEOHDQGMXVWZDJHVUHIXVLQJHQWLFHPHQWWREULEHSURYLGLQJ
VHFXULW\WRWKHLUZRUNHUVDQGFRPSO\LQJZLWKWKHKRVWFRXQWU\·V
HQYLURQPHQWDOVWDQGDUGV
‡ 5HGXFH PLOLWDU\ H[SHQGLWXUHV VR WKDW PRUH UHVRXUFHV ZRXOG EH
PDGHDYDLODEOHIRUEDVLFVHUYLFHVDQGSURGXFWLYHDFWLYLWLHV

7HDFKLQJ/HDUQLQJ,GHDV
$VN\RXUVWXGHQWVWRUHDGWKH0LOOHQQLXP'HYHORSPHQW*RDOVDG
RSWHG E\  QDWLRQV DQG VLJQHG E\  KHDGV RI  VWDWHV DQG JRYHUQ
PHQWV GXULQJ WKH 81 0LOOHQQLXP 6XPPLW LQ 6HSWHPEHU  ZKLFK
KRSHWRFXWH[WUHPHSRYHUW\E\KDOI E\WKH\HDU*LYHWKHPWKH
IROORZLQJJXLGHTXHVWLRQVIRUWKHLUUHVHDUFK

 :KDWDUHWKHWDUJHWVDQGLQGLFDWRUVIRUHDFKJRDO"
 :KDWSURJUHVVKDVEHHQPDGHLQWKHDWWDLQPHQWRI WKHJRDOV"
 :KDWFKDOOHQJHVKDYHEHHQHQFRXQWHUHGLQPHHWLQJWKHVHJRDOV"
 :KDWFDQ\RXGRWRKHOSDWWDLQVRPHRI WKHVHJRDOVLQ\RXURZQ
VSKHUHVRI LQÁXHQFH"


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

hED/>>EE/hDs>KWDEd'K>^
'ŽĂůϭ͗ ƌĂĚŝĐĂƚĞĞdžƚƌĞŵĞƉŽǀĞƌƚLJĂŶĚŚƵŶŐĞƌ
'ŽĂůϮ͗ ĐŚŝĞǀĞƵŶŝǀĞƌƐĂůƉƌŝŵĂƌLJĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ
'ŽĂůϯ͗ WƌŽŵŽƚĞŐĞŶĚĞƌĞƋƵĂůŝƚLJĂŶĚĞŵƉŽǁĞƌǁŽŵĞŶ
'ŽĂůϰ͗ ZĞĚƵĐĞĐŚŝůĚŵŽƌƚĂůŝƚLJ
'ŽĂůϱ͗ /ŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĂƚĞƌŶĂůŚĞĂůƚŚ
'ŽĂůϲ͗ ŽŵďĂƚ,/sͬ/^͕ŵĂůĂƌŝĂĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌĚŝƐĞĂƐĞƐ
'ŽĂůϳ͗ ŶƐƵƌĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďŝůŝƚLJ
'ŽĂůϴ͗ ĞǀĞůŽƉĂ'ůŽďĂůWĂƌƚŶĞƌƐŚŝƉĨŽƌĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ

‡ &DVHVWXGLHV7KH+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW5HSRUWZURWHWKDW
GHFHQWUDOL]DWLRQKDVZRUNHGLQWKHIROORZLQJSODFHV%RWVZDQD
%UD]LO&RORPELD-RUGDQ6RXWK$IULFDDQGLQPDQ\VWDWHVRI ,Q
GLD)LQGRXWKRZWKHV\VWHPZRUNHGLQWKHVHFRXQWULHV:KDWDUH
WKHLQGLFDWRUVRI VXFFHVV"$VN\RXUVWXGHQWVLI WKHVHFDVHVFDQEH
UHSOLFDWHGLQ\RXURZQFRXQWU\

‡ 5HVHDUFK7KHUHDUHWZRPRGHOVRI JOREDOL]DWLRQ´JOREDOL]DWLRQ
IURP DERYHµ DQG ´JOREDOL]DWLRQ IURP EHORZµ 5HVHDUFK RQ WKH
VHFRQGPRGHO:KDWLV´JOREDOL]DWLRQIURPEHORZµDERXW":KDW
DUHLWVJRDOV"

‡ :DWFKÀOPVRUOLVWHQWRVRQJVWKDWGHSLFWHFRQRPLFLQHTXLW\<RX
PD\DVNWKHIROORZLQJTXHVWLRQVWRSURFHVVWKHH[SHULHQFHDIWHU
WKHÀOPVRQJOLVWHQLQJ
 :KDWOLQHVRULPDJHVVWUXFN\RX"
 :K\"
 :KDW PHVVDJHV GRHV WKH ÀOPVRQJ ZDQW WR LPSDUW WR XV"
:KDWLV\RXUWDNHRQWKHVHPHVVDJHV"
‡ 6LPXODWLRQ


Sharing the Earth’s Resources

 3URFHGXUH
‡ %ULQJFUDFNHUVRUFRRNLHVWRFODVV
‡ %HIRUHWKHVHVVLRQGLYLGHWKHFRRNLHVFUDFNHUVDFFRUGLQJWR
WKLVSURSRUWLRQ
óFUDFNHUHDFKIRURI WKHFODVVWRUHSUHVHQWELOOLRQ
RI WKHZRUOG·VELOOLRQSHRSOHZKROLYHRQOHVVWKDQ86
GD\
FUDFNHUHDFKIRURI WKHFODVVWRUHSUHVHQWWKHELO
OLRQZKROLYHRQOHVVWKDQGD\
FUDFNHUVHDFKIRUWKHQH[WRI WKHJURXS
FUDFNHUVHDFKIRURI WKHFODVVZKRVHDYHUDJHLQFRPH
LVPRUHWKDQWLPHVWKHDYHUDJHLQFRPHRI WKHSRRUHVW
‡ 'LVWULEXWH WKH FUDFNHUV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH SURSRUWLRQ GHWHU
PLQHGHDUOLHU
‡ $VNHDFKRI WKHJURXSVWRWDONDERXWWKHLUIHHOLQJVDERXWWKH
DPRXQWRI IRRGWKH\JRW
‡ $VNDOOSDUWLFLSDQWVZKDWSDUDOOHOVWKH\VHHEHWZHHQZKDWWKH\
H[SHULHQFHGDQGUHDOOLIH
‡ $VNWKHPWRPDNHUHFRPPHQGDWLRQVIRUDIDLUHUGLVWULEXWLRQ
RI UHVRXUFHVLQWKHJOREDODQGQDWLRQDOOHYHOV

‡ 0DNHRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUVWXGHQWVWRSDUWLFLSDWHLQH[SRVXUHRULP
PHUVLRQSURJUDPV
‡ (QFRXUDJH \RXU VWXGHQWV WR JHW LQYROYHG LQ \RXU VFKRRO·V RXW
UHDFKSURMHFWVDQGSURJUDPV
‡ $IWHU GLVFXVVLQJ UHFRPPHQGDWLRQV RQ WKH SROLF\ OHYHO RQ KRZ
ZHDOWKDQGUHVRXUFHVFDQEHPRUHHTXLWDEO\GLVWULEXWHGDVN\RXU
VWXGHQWVZKDWWKH\FDQFRPPLWWRGRWRFKDOOHQJHHFRQRPLFLQ
HTXLW\%HORZDUHVRPHDFWLRQVWKDW\RXUVWXGHQWVFDQWDNH


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

‡ &KDOOHQJHWKHH[LVWLQJ´FXOWXUHµRI PDWHULDOLVPDQGFRQVXP
HULVP3DWURQL]HSURGXFWVWKDWPD\QRWEHIDVKLRQDEOHEXW
DUHFKHDSHUDQGORFDOO\PDGH

‡ 6LPSOLI\ OLIHVW\OH $V *DQGKL KDG SXW LW ´WKHUH·V HQRXJK LQ
WKLVZRUOGIRUHYHU\RQH·VQHHGEXWQRWIRUHYHU\RQH·VJUHHGµ
‡ 6KDUHUHVRXUFHVZKHWKHUWLPHPRQH\RUHIIRUW6KDULQJZKDW
RQHKDVVKRXOGQRWEHUHJDUGHGDVGROHRXWHVSHFLDOO\ZKHQ
ZKDW ZH VKDUH FDQ JHQXLQHO\ KHOS PDNH D GLIIHUHQFH LQ WKH
OLYHVRI RWKHUV
‡ 6XSSRUWFRRSHUDWLYHVDQGOLYHOLKRRGSURMHFWVE\SDWURQL]LQJ
WKHLUSURGXFWVVKDULQJ\RXUH[SHUWLVHRUKHOSLQJLQWKHPDU
NHWLQJRI WKHVHSURGXFWV
‡ %X\SURGXFWVIURPFRPSDQLHVWKDWHQJDJHLQIDLUWUDGHDQG
WKDWJLYHIDLUZDJHVWRZRUNHUV
‡ /REE\ SHUWLQHQW LVVXHV VXFK DV DJUDULDQ UHIRUP DQG SURSHU
DSSURSULDWLRQRI EXGJHWVZLWK\RXUSDUOLDPHQWDULDQRUORFDO
JRYHUQPHQWRIÀFLDO
‡ 9ROXQWHHULQDQGVXSSRUWDQWLSRYHUW\DQGSURGHYHORSPHQW
RUJDQL]DWLRQV



PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

Šƒ’–‡”ͳͳ

&DULQJIRUWKH(DUWK

2
XUSODQHWLVLQFUHGLEO\JLIWHGZLWKUHVRXUFHVWKDWDOORZKXPDQV
WR VXUYLYH $OO WKDW ZH QHHG LQ RUGHU WR OLYH DUH JLIWV IURP
0RWKHU(DUWKWKHDLUZHEUHDWKHWKHIRRGZHHDWWKHZDWHU
ZHGULQNDQGWKHKRPHVZHUXQWRIRUFRYHU8QIRUWXQDWHO\LQVWHDGRI 
QXUWXULQJWKHSODQHWWKDWQXUWXUHVXVKXPDQVKDYHGDPDJHGWKHHDUWK·V
DELOLW\WRVXVWDLQOLIH1XPHURXVHFRORJLFDOFRQFHUQVQRZWKUHDWHQWKH
GHVWUXFWLRQRI HDUWK·VOLIHVXSSRUWV\VWHPV

(QYLURQPHQWDO&RQFHUQV
3ROOXWLRQDLUVRLODQGZDWHUKDXQWVRXUSODQHW$LUSROOXWLRQRFFXUV
ZKHQWKHDLUFRQWDLQVJDVHVIXPHVGXVWRURGRULQGDQJHURXVDPRXQWV
([DPSOHVRI KDUPIXOVXEVWDQFHVLQWKHDLUDUHSHVWLFLGHVQLWUDWHVKHDY\
PHWDOVDQGJDVHVIURPSHWUROHXPSURGXFWVIURPLQGXVWU\DQGWUDQVSRUW
DFWLYLWLHV :DWHU SROOXWLRQ LV WKH FRQWDPLQDWLRQ RI  ZDWHU ZLWK KDUPIXO
FKHPLFDOVRURWKHUIRUHLJQVXEVWDQFHV7KHVHSROOXWDQWVLQFOXGHIHUWLOL
]HUVDQGSHVWLFLGHVIURPDJULFXOWXUDODFWLYLWLHVVHZDJHIURPKRXVHKROGV
DQGOHDGPHUFXU\DQGKHDY\PHWDOVIURPFKHPLFDODQGLQGXVWULDOSUR
FHVVHV

7KH:RUOG+HDOWK2UJDQL]DWLRQ :+2 UHSRUWVWKDWPLOOLRQSHR


SOHZRUOGZLGHDUHNLOOHGE\RXWGRRUDLUSROOXWLRQRQD\HDUO\EDVLVDQG
DQRWKHUPLOOLRQE\LQGRRUSROOXWLRQ %%&1HZV'HF :D
WHUSROOXWLRQRQWKHRWKHUKDQGFRQWULEXWHVWRWKHGHDWKRI PLOOLRQ


Caring for the Earth

FKLOGUHQXQGHUÀYHHYHU\\HDUZKLOHYHFWRUERUQHGLVHDVHVVXFKDVPD
ODULDNLOODQRWKHUWRPLOOLRQSHRSOHRQDGDLO\EDVLV 81(30DUFK
 

*OREDOZDUPLQJLVDQHQYLURQPHQWDOSUREOHPWKDWUHVXOWVIURPWKH
LQFUHDVHG DPRXQWV RI  JUHHQKRXVH JDVHV QRWDEO\ FDUERQ GLR[LGH DQG
PHWKDQHLQWKHDWPRVSKHUH,WLVFDXVHGDPRQJRWKHUVE\WKHFRPEXV
WLRQRI IRVVLOIXHOVVXFKDVRLODQGFRDODQGWKHEXUQLQJRI IRUHVWV&XW
WLQJGRZQWUHHVGHVWUR\VWKHQDWXUDOPHDQVWRUHPRYHFDUERQIURPWKH
DWPRVSKHUH*OREDOZDUPLQJLVDWKUHDWDVLWFDXVHVWKHGHDWKRI ODUJH
QXPEHUV RI  VSHFLHV UHGXFHV DJULFXOWXUDO SURGXFWLYLW\ DQG LQXQGDWHV
ORZO\LQJDUHDVGXHWRWKHULVHLQVHDOHYHOV7KHELJJHVWFDUERQHPLWWHUV
LQWKHZRUOGDUHWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV(XURSHDQ8QLRQ&KLQD5XVVLD-DSDQ
DQG,QGLD %%&1HZV-XO\ 

'HIRUHVWDWLRQLVWKHGHVWUXFWLRQRI IRUHVWVGXHWRORJJLQJODQGFOHDU
LQJDQGODQGFRQYHUVLRQDPRQJRWKHUV&XWWLQJGRZQRI IRUHVWWUHHV
GHVWUR\VWKHKDELWDWRI DQLPDOVFDXVLQJWKHH[WLQFWLRQRI UDUHVSHFLHV
,WLVUHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHGHWHULRUDWLRQRI ZDWHUTXDOLW\DQGVXSSO\GH
YDVWDWLQJÁRRGVDLUSROOXWLRQJOREDOZDUPLQJVRLOHURVLRQDQGUHVRXUFH
VKRUWDJH

'HVHUWLÀFDWLRQSHUWDLQVWRWKHJUDGXDOORVVRI VRLOSURGXFWLYLW\GXHWR
KXPDQDFWLYLWLHVDQGFOLPDWLFHYHQWVOLNHGURXJKWVDQGÁRRGV/RVWWRS
VRLOWDNHVFHQWXULHVWREXLOGXS+XPDQDFWLYLWLHVWKDWFDXVHGHVHUWLÀFD
WLRQDUHLQDSSURSULDWHIDUPLQJSUDFWLFHVRYHUJUD]LQJDQGGHIRUHVWDWLRQ
6LQFHURXJKO\PLOOLRQKHFWDUHVDUHORVWWRGHVHUWLÀFDWLRQDQQXDOO\
JHQHUDWLQJDQLQFRPHORVVRI 86ELOOLRQ ZZZLIDGRUJ 7ZRREYL
RXVFRQVHTXHQFHVRI WKHSUREOHPLVIRRGLQVHFXULW\DQGWKHORVVRI OLYH
OLKRRG7KH,QWHUQDWLRQDO)XQGIRU$JULFXOWXUDO'HYHORSPHQWUHSRUWHG
LQWKDWRI WKHSRRUOLYHLQUXUDODUHDVDQGDUHGHSHQGHQWRQ
DJULFXOWXUHIRUWKHLUVXUYLYDO


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

,PSDFWRI 0LOLWDU\RQWKH(QYLURQPHQW
7KHHQYLURQPHQWKDVORQJEHHQDWWKHORVLQJHQGLQWLPHVRI ZDU
:DUVGHVWUR\HFRV\VWHPV)RULQVWDQFHWKH*XOI :DURI UHVXOWHGLQ
PLOOLRQEDUUHOVRI VSLOOHGRLOZKLFKNLOOHGWKRXVDQGVRI PDULQHELUGV
DQGVHHSHGWKURXJKZDWHUVRXUFHV (QJOHU 1DJDVDNLDQG+LUR
VKLPDDUHVWLOOUHHOLQJIURPWKHUDGLDWLRQHIIHFWVRI WKHDWRPLFERPEV
GURSSHG E\ WKH 86 LQ  7KH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 3HDFH %XUHDX ,3%  LQ
*HQHYD  UHSRUWVWKDWODQGPLQHVDQGXQH[SORGHGUHPQDQWVRI ZDU
OLNHFOXVWHUERPEVKDGFDXVHGDJULFXOWXUDOGHJUDGDWLRQLQPDQ\SDUWVRI 
WKHZRUOG,3%DOVRUHSRUWVWKDW9LHWQDPORVWRYHURI LWVRULJLQDO
IRUHVWFRYHUIURPWKH9LHWQDPZDUV

0LOLWDU\DFWLYLW\LVRQHRI WKHELJJHVWVRXUFHVRI HQYLURQPHQWDOGDP


DJH7KHZRUOG·VDUPHGIRUFHVZHUHWKHVLQJOHODUJHVWSROOXWHUVRQWKH
SODQHW 6FLHQFHIRU3HDFH&DQDGDDVFLWHGE\,3% 7KHGHYHORS
PHQW RI  WKH PLOLWDU\ LQGXVWU\ DQG WKH WHVWLQJ RI  ZHDSRQU\ KDYH SUR
GXFHGKD]DUGRXVZDVWHLQVFDQGDORXVDPRXQWV7KH,3%UHSRUWHGWKDW
WKHZRUOG·VPLOLWDU\IRUFHVDUHUHVSRQVLEOHIRUWKHUHOHDVHRI PRUHWKDQ
WZRWKLUGVRI &)&DKDUPIXOJDVLQWRWKHR]RQHOD\HU

7KH PLOLWDU\ LV DOVR RQH RI  WKH ODUJHVW XVHUV RI  HQYLURQPHQWDO UH
VRXUFHV )RU LQVWDQFH PLOOLRQV RI  EDUUHOV RI  RLO DUH XVHG IRU PLOLWDU\
DFWLYLWLHVDQQXDOO\7KH86DORQHXVHGPLOOLRQEDUUHOVRI RLOLQ
7KDWLVEDUUHOVRI RLOFRQVXPHGLQDGD\7KHHQHUJ\FRQVXPS
WLRQRI WKH86'HSDUWPHQWRI 'HIHQVHLQWKH\HDUZDVURXJKO\DW
WKHVDPHOHYHODVWKHHQHUJ\FRQVXPSWLRQRI 1LJHULDZKLFKKDGPLO
OLRQSHRSOH .DUEX] 7KH,QWHUQDWLRQDO3HDFH%XUHDXUHSRUWVWKDW
URXJKO\DIRXUWKRI WKHZRUOG·VMHWIXHOLVFRQVXPHGE\WKHPLOLWDU\,W
OLNHZLVHUHSRUWHGWKDWPLOLWDU\DFWLYLWLHVLQYROYHWKHXVHRI IXHOVH[SOR
VLYHVVROYHQWVDQGRWKHUWR[LFVXEVWDQFHVZKLFKZKHQLPSURSHUO\KDQ
GOHGFDQVHHSLQWRWKHHQYLURQPHQW,QDGGLWLRQRI WKHJOREDOLURQ
DQGVWHHOLVFRQVXPHGE\WKHDUPHGIRUFHVDQGWKHXVHRI DOXPLQXP
FRSSHUQLFNHODQGSODWLQXPH[FHHGVWKHHQWLUHGHPDQGIRUWKHVHPDWHUL


Caring for the Earth

DOVE\GHYHORSLQJFRXQWULHV (QYLURQPHQWDO6WXGLHV,QVWLWXWHQG 

7KH%UXQGWODQG5HSRUWRI VXJJHVWVDOLQNEHWZHHQPLOLWDUL]D
WLRQDQGHQYLURQPHQWDOVWUHVV,WSURSRVHVWKDWHQYLURQPHQWDOVWUHVVLV
ERWKFDXVHDQGHIIHFWRI FRQÁLFWDGGLQJWKDWWKHGDQJHURI DUPHGFRQ
ÁLFWVZLOOLQFUHDVHDVUHVRXUFHVEHFRPHVFDUFHU,WDOVRSRVLWVWKDWDUPHG
FRQÁLFWVFUHDWHREVWDFOHVWRVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW$VXVWDLQDEOHHQ
YLURQPHQWLVRQHWKDWPHHWVWKHQHHGVRI WKHSUHVHQWJHQHUDWLRQZLWKRXW
FRPSURPLVLQJWKHDELOLW\RI IXWXUHJHQHUDWLRQVWRPHHWWKHLURZQQHHGV
+HQFHFDULQJIRUWKHHDUWKLVDFOHDUSDWKZD\WRSHDFH

&DULQJIRUWKH&RPPRQV
:HDOOKDYHDFRPPRQKRPH7KH´7UDJHG\RI WKH&RPPRQVµFRXOG
EHDOWHUHGE\FDULQJIRUWKHFRPPRQV$VWKHZRUOG·VHFRORJ\LVDQLQWHU
GHSHQGHQWV\VWHPSROLWLFDOERXQGDULHVEHFRPHLUUHOHYDQWWRWKHHDUWK·V
VXUYLYDO$VRXUSODQHWEHFRPHVLQFUHDVLQJO\HQGDQJHUHGWKHZHOOEHLQJ
DQG VHFXULW\RI  KXPDQV EHFRPHV LQ SHULO 2XU VXUYLYDO LQ WKLV SODQHW
WKHUHIRUHPDNHVFRRSHUDWLRQLPSHUDWLYH

)RUWXQDWHO\HIIRUWVDUHEHLQJPDGHWRVDYHWKLVSODQHW

2Q 3ROOXWLRQ LQWHUQDWLRQDO SURWRFROV KDYH EHHQ VLJQHG UHVWULFWLQJ


HPLVVLRQVRI QLWURJHQVXOIXUDQG&)&VDQGUHGXFLQJWKHSURGXFWLRQRI 
JUHHQKRXVHJDVHVOLNHFDUERQGLR[LGH7KH/DZRI WKH6HDKDVEHHQHV
WDEOLVKHG,WGHÀQHVWKHULJKWVDQGUHVSRQVLELOLWLHVRI QDWLRQVLQWKHLUXVH
RI WKHZRUOG·VRFHDQVHVWDEOLVKLQJJXLGHOLQHVIRUEXVLQHVVHVWKHHQYL
URQPHQWDQGWKHPDQDJHPHQWRI PDULQHQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHV6ROLGZDVWH
PDQDJHPHQWLVDOVRSUDFWLFHGLQPDQ\KRPHVLQVHYHUDOFRXQWULHV

7RKHOSDGGUHVV&OLPDWH&KDQJHWKH.\RWR3URWRFROZDVVLJQHGLQ
 JHQHUDWLQJ FRPPLWPHQW IURP JUHHQKRXVH JDVHV HPLWWHUV WR FXW
HPLVVLRQVE\$OWKRXJKRQO\5XVVLDDPRQJWKHVL[WRSJUHHQKRXVH
JDVHVHPLWWHUVKDVVLJQLÀFDQWO\UHGXFHGHPLVVLRQIURP ZZZ
EEFFR WKHUDWLÀFDWLRQRI WKH.\RWR3URWRFROE\FRXQWULHV ZZZ


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

XQIFFFLQW VHQGVWKHPHVVDJHWKDWFRRSHUDWLRQWRVDYHWKHSODQHWLVSRV
VLEOH

7RKHOSDGGUHVVWKHLVVXHRI )RUHVW'HSOHWLRQPDVVLYHUHIRUHVWDWLRQ
LVQRZEHLQJGRQHLQYDULRXVSDUWVRI WKHZRUOG2QHKHFWDUHRI IRUHVW
LVUHSODQWHGIRUHYHU\KHFWDUHVFOHDUHGLQ$VLD *DODQJHWDO 
1RQJRYHUQPHQWDJHQFLHVDQGDFDGHPLFLQVWLWXWLRQVDUHLQVWUXPHQWDOLQ
WKHJURZLQJDZDUHQHVVRI WKHHIIHFWVRI GHIRUHVWDWLRQ$ORJEDQLVDOVR
EHLQJHQIRUFHGLQVHYHUDOFRXQWULHV

7RVDYHDJULFXOWXUDOODQGVWKH81&RQYHQWLRQWR&RPEDW'HVHUW
LÀFDWLRQ ZDV HQWHUHG LQWR IRUFH LQ  DQG DV RI  $XJXVW  
FRXQWULHVZHUH3DUWLHVWRWKH&RQYHQWLRQ ZZZXQFFGLQW 7KH81(Q
YLURQPHQWDO3URJUDPUHSRUWVWKDWSHUFHQWRI GU\ODQGVLQ$IULFDDUH
VHYHUHO\DIIHFWHGE\GHVHUWLÀFDWLRQHQJHQGHULQJDQLQFRPHORVVRI VRPH
ELOOLRQ86GROODUVD\HDU+HQFHWKHUHDUHDFWLYHHIIRUWVWRHGXFDWH
FRPPXQLWLHVRQLWVLPSDFWV$GGLWLRQDOO\PRUHIDUPHUVLQPDQ\SDUWVRI 
WKHZRUOGWRGD\HQJDJHLQRUJDQLFIDUPLQJWRUHWDLQVRLOQXWULHQWV

,QLWLDWLYHVKDYHEHHQWDNHQWRDGGUHVVWKHKDUPIXOHIIHFWVRI PLOLWD
UL]DWLRQRQWKHHQYLURQPHQW7KH2WWDZD0LQH%DQ7UHDW\ZDVVLJQHG
ZLWKWKHREMHFWLYH RI  FOHDULQJ WKH SODQHW RI  DQWLSHUVRQQHO ODQGPLQHV
7KHFRQYHQWLRQHQWHUHGLQWRIRUFH0DUFK7KH$UPV&RQWURO
$VVRFLDWLRQUHSRUWVWKDWDVRI -XQHFRXQWULHVKDGUDWLÀHG
RUDFFHGHGWRWKHWUHDW\,QWHUQDWLRQDOGLVFXVVLRQVZKHWKHUE\JRYHUQ
PHQWVRUQRQJRYHUQPHQWRUJDQL]DWLRQVRQWKHPLOLWDU\LPSDFWRQWKH
HQYLURQPHQWKDYHEHHQPDGHDQGDUHVWLOOEHLQJGRQH

7HDFKLQJ/HDUQLQJ,GHDV
‡ 7RDYRLGHFRORJLFDOEDFNODVKWKH(QYLURQPHQWDO6WXGLHV,QVWLWXWH
RI 0LULDP&ROOHJHXUJHVWKRVHZKRDUHIRUWKHHQYLURQPHQWWR
´JRQDWXUDOµDV´QDWXUHKDVLWVRZQSURGXFWVDQGSURFHVVHVµ$VN
\RXU VWXGHQWV WR OLVW GRZQ SURGXFWV WKH\ XVH DV ZHOO DV VQDFNV


Caring for the Earth

WKH\ SUHIHU DQG FKDOOHQJH WKHP WR WKLQN RI  QDWXUDO DOWHUQDWLYHV


IRUWKHLUSUHIHUHQFHHJEXNR FRFRQXW MXLFHLQVWHDGRI FRNH
VXPDQ ULFHFDNH LQVWHDGRI KDPEXUJHU

‡ ,I  IDPLOLDU ZLWK WKH %LQJR JDPH GHYLVH D )RUHVW %LQJR JDPH


*LYH\RXUVWXGHQWVDELQJRFKDUWHDFKDQGDVNWKHPWRZULWHLQ
HDFKER[UHVRXUFHVWKDWWKH\FDQJHWIURPWKHHQYLURQPHQW)ODVK
\RXURZQELQJRFKDUWDQGWKHRQHZKRZURWHWKHPRVWQXPEHU
RI UHVRXUFHVWKDWDUHIRXQGLQ\RXURZQELQJRFKDUWZLQV<RX
PD\FKDQJHWKHUXOHVDQGSOD\VTXDUHRUVWUDLJKWELQJRLQVWHDG
$IWHUWKHJDPHGLVFXVVWKHZHDOWKWKDWZHFDQJHWIURPIRUHVWV
DQGWKHDGYHUVHHIIHFWVLI ZHFRQWLQXHWRFXWGRZQRXUWUHHV

‡ $VN \RXU VWXGHQWV WR NQRZ ZKDW IXQGDPHQWDO HQYLURQPHQWDO


SULQFLSOHVWKHUHDUHWKDWZLOOKHOSJXLGHWKHPLQWKHLUDFWLRQWR
ZDUGVHQYLURQPHQWDOSURWHFWLRQ$VNWKHPWRGHVFULEHHDFKSULQ
FLSOH 6XJJHVW WKH QDPHV RI  $PHULFDQ HQYLURQPHQWDOLVW %DUU\
&RPPRQHU DQG 3KLOLSSLQH HQYLURQPHQWDOLVWV $QJHOLQD *DODQJ
DQG'RQQD5H\HVLQUHVHDUFKLQJWKHVHSULQFLSOHV

^ĞǀĞŶŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůWƌŝŶĐŝƉůĞƐ
;ĨƌŽŵĂƉĂƉĞƌƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĚďLJŽŶŶĂZĞLJĞƐ͕DŝƌŝĂŵW͘͘͘͘͘Ϳ
ϭ͘ EĂƚƵƌĞŬŶŽǁƐďĞƐƚ͘
 ŶLJ ĚŝƐƌƵƉƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŶĂƚƵƌĂů ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐͬĐLJĐůĞƐ ǁŽƵůĚ ŚĂǀĞ
ĚĞƚƌŝŵĞŶƚĂů ĞīĞĐƚƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘ ,ĞŶĐĞ͕ ǁĞ ƐŚŽƵůĚ
ƐƚĂLJĂƐĐůŽƐĞĂƐƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƚŽŶĂƚƵƌĂůƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƐĂŶĚƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐ͘
Ϯ͘ ůůĨŽƌŵƐŽĨůŝĨĞĂƌĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ͘
 dŚĞ ǀĂƌŝĞƚLJ ŽĨ ůŝĨĞ ĨŽƌŵƐ ĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƐ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ƐƚĂďŝůŝƚLJ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ
ĞĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵ͘dŽŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůďĂůĂŶĐĞ͕ƚŚĞĐŽŶƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ
ŽĨƐƉĞĐŝĞƐĂŶĚĞĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵƐŝƐĞƐƐĞŶƟĂůƚŽŬĞĞƉůŝĨĞƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ͘
ϯ͘ ǀĞƌLJƚŚŝŶŐŝƐĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚƚŽĞǀĞƌLJƚŚŝŶŐĞůƐĞ͘
 dŚĞŝŶƚƌŝĐĂƚĞƌĞůĂƟŽŶƐŚŝƉƐŽĨǀĂƌŝŽƵƐĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƚŚĞĞĐŽƐLJƐͲ


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

ƚĞŵĂƌĞǁŚĂƚďŝŶĚƚŚĞĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌŝŶƚŽŽŶĞĨƵŶĐƟŽŶĂů
ƵŶŝƚ͘,ƵŵĂŶƐƐŚŽƵůĚƚŚĞŶďĞĐŽŐŶŝnjĂŶƚŽĨŚŽǁƚŚĞŝƌŝŶƚĞƌĂĐƟŽŶ
ǁŝƚŚŶĂƚƵƌĞĂůƚĞƌƐƚŚĞĞĐŽƐLJƐƚĞŵƐ͘
ϰ͘ ǀĞƌLJƚŚŝŶŐĐŚĂŶŐĞƐ͘
 ŚĂŶŐĞƐŝŶƚŚĞďŝŽƉŚLJƐŝĐĂůǁŽƌůĚŽĐĐƵƌŶĂƚƵƌĂůůLJ͘ƵƚŚƵŵĂŶͲ
ŝŶĚƵĐĞĚ ĂůƚĞƌĂƟŽŶ ƐƵĐŚ ĂƐ ĐůŝŵĂƚĞ ĐŚĂŶŐĞ ŵĂLJ ŚĂǀĞ ŚĂƌŵĨƵů
ƌĞƉĞƌĐƵƐƐŝŽŶƐ͘,ƵŵĂŶͲŝŶĚƵĐĞĚĐŚĂŶŐĞƐƐŚŽƵůĚďĞŵĂŶĂŐĞĚƐŽ
ƚŚĂƚŶĞŐĂƟǀĞŝŵƉĂĐƚƐĂƌĞŵŝŶŝŵŝnjĞĚ͘
ϱ͘ ǀĞƌLJƚŚŝŶŐŵƵƐƚŐŽƐŽŵĞǁŚĞƌĞ͘
 LJͲƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƐ ŽĨ ĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶ ŐŽ ďĂĐŬ ƚŽ ƚŚĞ ĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚ͘
,ĞŶĐĞ͕ ŶŽŶͲďŝŽĚĞŐƌĂĚĂďůĞ ŝƚĞŵƐ ƐŚŽƵůĚ ďĞ ƌĞĚƵĐĞĚ͕ ƐĞŐƌĞͲ
ŐĂƚĞĚ͕ƌĞƵƐĞĚŽƌƌĞĐLJĐůĞĚƐŽƚŚĂƚƚŚĞLJĚŽŶŽƚƉŽůůƵƚĞůĂŶĚĂŶĚ
ǁĂƚĞƌŚĂďŝƚĂƚƐ͘
ϲ͘ KƵƌƐŝƐĂĮŶŝƚĞĞĂƌƚŚ͘
 ǀĞƌLJƚŚŝŶŐǁĞŶĞĞĚŝƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚĨŽƌďLJŶĂƚƵƌĞŝŶĂďƵŶĚĂŶĐĞďƵƚ
ƐŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐĂƌĞĞdžƚƌĂĐƚĞĚĞdžĐĞƐƐŝǀĞůLJĂŶĚĂƌĞƐůŽǁ
ƚŽƌĞƉůĂĐĞ͘tĞƐŚŽƵůĚďƵLJĂŶĚĐŽŶƐƵŵĞŽŶůLJǁŚĂƚǁĞŶĞĞĚ͘
ϳ͘ EĂƚƵƌĞŝƐďĞĂƵƟĨƵůĂŶĚǁĞĂƌĞƐƚĞǁĂƌĚƐŽĨ'ŽĚ͛ƐĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ͘
  ,ƵŵĂŶƐĂƌĞŶŽƚŽǁŶĞƌƐďƵƚĐĂƌĞƚĂŬĞƌƐŽĨ'ŽĚ͛ƐĐƌĞĂƟŽŶ͘

‡ :DWFKDÀOPRQWKHHQYLURQPHQW$JRRGRQHWRVHHLV´3RFD
KRQWDVµZKLFKVKRZVKRZLQGLJHQRXVSHRSOHVORRNDWODQGDQG
UHVRXUFHV6KRZWKHPWKHIROORZLQJTXRWDWLRQIURP&KLHI 6HDWWOH
RI WKHQDWLYH$PHULFDQ6XTXDPLVKWULEHDQGVROLFLWIHHOLQJVDQG
UHDFWLRQVIURPWKHJURXS

͞,ŽǁĐĂŶLJŽƵďƵLJŽƌƐĞůůƚŚĞƐŬLJ͕ƚŚĞǁĂƌŵƚŚŽĨƚŚĞůĂŶĚ͍
dŚĞŝĚĞĂŝƐƐƚƌĂŶŐĞƚŽƵƐ͘
/ĨǁĞĚŽŶŽƚŽǁŶƚŚĞĨƌĞƐŚŶĞƐƐ
ŽĨƚŚĞĂŝƌĂŶĚƚŚĞƐƉĂƌŬůĞŽĨƚŚĞǁĂƚĞƌ͕
ŚŽǁĐĂŶLJŽƵďƵLJƚŚĞŵ͍
ǀĞƌLJƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚŝƐĞĂƌƚŚŝƐƐĂĐƌĞĚƚŽŵLJƉĞŽƉůĞ͘͟


Caring for the Earth

‡ 'RDUROHSOD\ZKHUHVWXGHQWVZRXOGEHDEOHWRXQGHUVWDQGWKH
FRQFHSWRI VXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQWDQGOHDUQWKHVNLOORI SHU
VSHFWLYHWDNLQJ
 5HDGWKHIROORZLQJVWRU\

dŚĞƚŽǁŶŽĨŽůŝŶŐĂŶŝƐŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚďĞĂƵƟĨƵůƉůĂĐĞƐŝŶLJŽƵƌ
ƉƌŽǀŝŶĐĞ͘KŶƚŚĞǁĞƐƚŝƐƚŚĞƐĞĂǁŝƚŚǁĂƚĞƌƐĐůĞĂŶĂŶĚƉƌŝƐƟŶĞ͘dŚĞ
ƐŽƵƚŚĞƌŶƉĂƌƚďŽĂƐƚƐŽĨĂůƵƐŚĨŽƌĞƐƚǁŚĞƌĞĨƌƵŝƚƚƌĞĞƐĂďŽƵŶĚ͘dŚĞ
ŶŽƌƚŚŝƐĚŽƩĞĚďLJŚŝůůƐƵƐĞĚĂƐƉĂƐƚƵƌĞůĂŶĚƐ͘/ŶĚĞĞĚ͕ůŝĨĞǁĂƐƋƵŝĞƚ
ĂŶĚŐŽŽĚĨŽƌƚŚĞŽůŝŶŐĂŶŽŶƐƵŶƟůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚĨĂĐƚŽƌLJǁĂƐďƵŝůƚŝŶƚŚĞ
ĂƌĞĂ͘dŚĞƵŝĞŵĞŶƚ&ĂĐƚŽƌLJ;&Ϳ͕ƵƉŽŶŝƚƐŽƉĞŶŝŶŐ͕ĞŵƉůŽLJĞĚ
ŝŵŵĞĚŝĂƚĞůLJϱйŽĨƚŚĞƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŝŶŽůŝŶŐĂŶ͘ƵƚĂůŽŶŐǁŝƚŚŝƚƐ
ŽƉĞŶŝŶŐĐĂŵĞƉŽůůƵƟŽŶ͘&ĂĐƚŽƌLJǁĂƐƚĞƐǁĞƌĞĐŚĂŶŶĞůĞĚƚŽƌŝǀĞƌƐ
ĂŶĚƐĞĂƐ͘dŚĞƐŵĞůůŽĨĂŝƌƚƵƌŶĞĚĨƌŽŵƐǁĞĞƚƚŽŽĚŽƌŽƵƐ͘ZĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ
ďĞŐĂŶƐĞĞŝŶŐĚƵƐƚƉĂƌƟĐůĞƐĞǀĞƌLJǁŚĞƌĞ͗ŽŶƚŚĞŝƌĨƵƌŶŝƚƵƌĞ͕ǁŝŶĚŽǁ
ƐŝůůƐ͕ĐƵƌƚĂŝŶƐĂŶĚŇŽŽƌƐ͘ZĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐďĞŐĂŶƚŽĐŽŵƉůĂŝŶŽĨĚŝĸĐƵůƚLJ
ŝŶďƌĞĂƚŚŝŶŐĂŶĚĐŚƌŽŶŝĐĐŽƵŐŚ͘dŚĞ^ĂŵĂŚĂŶŶŐDĂŵĂŵĂLJĂŶŶŐ
ŽůŝŶŐĂŶ;^DͿ͕ĂƉĞŽƉůĞ͛ƐŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ͕ĚĞĐůĂƌĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞLJĐŽƵůĚ
ŶŽůŽŶŐĞƌƚĂŬĞƚŚĞƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚĞĐŝĚĞĚƚŽƚƌŽŽƉƚŽƚŚĞŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů
ŚĂůůƚŽĐŽŶĨƌŽŶƚƚŚĞŵĂLJŽƌĂŶĚƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌůŽĐĂůĞdžĞĐƵƟǀĞƐ͘

>ŽĐĂů'ŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚ͛ƐWĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ
dŚĞ ŵƵŶŝĐŝƉĂů ĐŽƵŶĐŝů ĂƉƉƌŽǀĞĚ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ & ďĞͲ
ĐĂƵƐĞŝƚŚŽůĚƐŐƌĞĂƚƉƌŽŵŝƐĞĨŽƌƚŚĞƚŽǁŶŽĨŽůŝŶŐĂŶ͗ĞŵƉůŽLJŵĞŶƚ
ĂŶĚƚĂdžƌĞǀĞŶƵĞƐ͘&ŝŵŵĞĚŝĂƚĞůLJĞŵƉůŽLJĞĚŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ
ǁŚŽ͕ŽƚŚĞƌǁŝƐĞ͕ǁĞƌĞũŽďůĞƐƐ͘dŚĞƚĂdžĞƐƚŚĂƚ&ǁŝůůƉĂLJǁŝůůďĞ
ƵƐĞĚƚŽĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƚƌŽĂĚƐĂŶĚďƌŝĚŐĞƐ͘tŝƚŚƚŚĞďĞĂƵƚLJŽĨŽůŝŶŐĂŶ͕
ŝƚŚĂƐƐƵĐŚŐƌĞĂƚƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůĨŽƌĞĐŽͲƚŽƵƌŝƐŵ͘dŚĞƉƌŽďůĞŵůŝĞƐǁŝƚŚ
ŝƚƐŝŶĂĐĐĞƐƐŝďŝůŝƚLJ͘ZŽĂĚƐĂƌĞŶŽƚĐŽŶĐƌĞƚĞĂŶĚďƌŝĚŐĞƐĂƌĞĨƌĂŝůĂŶĚ
ŽůĚ͘/ŶĨĂĐƚ͕&ŵĂĚĞĂĚŽŶĂƟŽŶŽĨŚĂůĨĂŵŝůůŝŽŶƉĞƐŽƐƐŽƚŚĂƚƚŚĞ
ŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĐŽƵůĚďĞŐŝŶǁŝƚŚŝƚƐŝŶĨƌĂƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵͶĂƐƚĞƉƐŽ
ǁĞůĐŽŵĞĚďLJLJŽƵ͕ďĞůŝĞǀŝŶŐƚŚĂƚŝƚǁŝůůŐƌĞĂƚůLJŝŵƉƌŽǀĞƚŚĞůŝǀĞƐŽĨ
ƚŚĞůŽĐĂůƉĞŽƉůĞ͘zŽƵǁĂŶƚƚŽŵĂŬĞŽůŝŶŐĂŶŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌLJ͛Ɛ


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

ƉƌĞŵŝĞƌĞƚŽƵƌŝƐƚĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚLJŽƵŬŶŽǁƚŚĂƚƚŚĞĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚ
ŽĨ&ǁŽƵůĚƉĂǀĞƚŚĞǁĂLJƚŽŝƚƐĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂŶĚŵŽĚĞƌŶŝnjĂƟŽŶ͘

^ĂŵĂŚĂŶŶŐDĂŵĂŵĂLJĂŶŶŐŽůŝŶŐĂŶ;^DͿ
zŽƵ ĂƌĞ ŵĞŵďĞƌƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ^D͘ zŽƵ ĚĞĐŝĚĞĚ ƚŽ ƐƉĞĂŬ ƚŽ LJŽƵƌ
ŵĂLJŽƌĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌůŽĐĂůŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĸĐŝĂůƐƚŽĚĞŵĂŶĚƚŚĞĐůŽƐƵƌĞ
ŽĨ&ďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞĚĂŶŐĞƌƐŝƚƉŽƐĞƐƚŽƚŚĞƌĞƐŝĚĞŶƚƐ͛ŚĞĂůƚŚĂŶĚ
ĞĐŽůŽŐŝĐĂůƐĞĐƵƌŝƚLJ͘zŽƵĚŽƵďƚŝĨ&ŚĂƐĂŶŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůŽŵƉůŝͲ
ĂŶĐĞ ĞƌƟĮĐĂƚĞ ;Ϳ͘ zŽƵ ŚĞĂƌĚ ĨƌŽŵ ƚŚĞ ŐƌĂƉĞǀŝŶĞ ƚŚĂƚ ŝƚ ǁĂƐ
ŐŝǀĞŶĂƉĞƌŵŝƚďLJƚŚĞůŽĐĂůŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚďĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŐĞĚŽŶĂͲ
ƟŽŶŝƚŐĂǀĞĨŽƌƌĞĂƐŽŶƐLJŽƵĚŽŶ͛ƚŬŶŽǁĂďŽƵƚ͘zŽƵĚŽŶŽƚǁĂŶƚƚŚĞ
ƚŽǁŶ͛ƐĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůƐĂĨĞƚLJĐŽŵƉƌŽŵŝƐĞĚ͘zŽƵĂƌĞŵĞĞƟŶŐǁŝƚŚ
ƚŚĞŵĂLJŽƌĂŶĚLJŽƵǁŝůůƚĞůůŚŝŵƚŽƐŚƵƚĚŽǁŶƚŚĞĨĂĐƚŽƌLJ͙ďĞĨŽƌĞŝƚ
ƐŚƵƚƐĚŽǁŶƉĞŽƉůĞƐ͛ůŝǀĞƐ͘

 'LYLGHWKHFODVVLQWRWZRJURXSVZLWKRQHJURXSSOD\LQJWKH
UROHRI WKHORFDOJRYHUQPHQWDQGWKHRWKHUJURXSWKHUROHRI 
WKH60%
 $VNWKHPWRGLDORJXHDQGVHHLI WKH\FDQÀQGDVROXWLRQWRWKH
SUREOHP
 3URFHVVWKHH[SHULHQFHHPSKDVL]LQJWKHFRQFHSWRI VXVWDLQ
DEOHGHYHORSPHQW:KHQSXWLQDQHTXDWLRQSHRSOHV·KHDOWK
DQGWKHHDUWK·VFDSDFLW\WRUHQHZLWVHOI WDNHSUHFHGHQFHEH
FDXVHWKLVWDNHVWKHORQJWHUPYLHZ6KRUWWHUPEHQHÀWVDUH
LPSRUWDQWEXWWKH\KDYHWREHZHLJKHGFDUHIXOO\DQGVKRXOG
EH WHPSHUHG E\ WKH SRWHQWLDO LUUHYHUVLEOH GDPDJH WKDW PD\
RFFXU
 ,QWHUYLHZOHDGHUVRI 1*2VWKDWZRUNIRUHQYLURQPHQWDOSUR
WHFWLRQ.QRZWKHLUVSHFLÀFDGYRFDFLHVDQGSURMHFWV9ROXQ
WHHUWRKHOSLQDSDUWLFXODUFDPSDLJQ
 ´7KHSUREOHPVLQHQYLURQPHQWKDYHEHHQFUHDWHGE\KRZZH
OLYHDQGWKHVROXWLRQVUHTXLUHWKDWZHFKDQJHKRZZHOLYHµ
'UDZDOLVWRI FKDQJHVWKDW\RXFDQFRPPLWWR


Caring for the Earth

7KH*$,$3HDFH$WODVZURWHWKDWWKHHURVLRQRI WKHUHVRXUFHEDVH
FDXVHGE\RXUSURGXFWLRQDQGFRQVXPSWLRQSDWWHUQVLVDVRXUFHRI FRQ
ÁLFW+XPDQVVKRXOGQRWRXWVWULSWKHDELOLW\RI WKH(DUWKWRUHJHQHUDWH
:HVKRXOGVLPSOLI\RXUOLIHVW\OHVDQGGHYHORSV\VWHPVWKDWZLOOSURWHFW
SUHVHQWDQGIXWXUHJHQHUDWLRQV$VXVWDLQDEOHUHODWLRQVKLSZLWKWKHHDUWK
FDQEHJLQWKURXJKHGXFDWLRQ


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

Šƒ’–‡”ͳʹ

&XOWLYDWLQJ,QQHU3HDFH

7
KH SUHYLRXV FKDSWHUV KDYH IRFXVHG RQ VRFLHWDO DQG VWUXFWXUDO
FKDQJHVWKDWZHQHHGWRZRUNIRUDVZHVWULYHWRZDUGVDFXOWXUH
RI SHDFH7KLVFKDSWHUQRZORRNVDWWKHQHHGWRFXOWLYDWHLQQHU
SHDFHDVDQLPSRUWDQWHOHPHQWRI HGXFDWLQJIRUSHDFH

,QQHUDQG2XWHU7UDQVIRUPDWLRQV
3DWULFLD0LVFKH  H[SODLQVWKDWWKHWUDQVIRUPDWLRQWKDWZHVKRXOG
VHHNVKRXOGQRWRQO\EHWKHWUDQVIRUPDWLRQRI RXUVRFLHW\EXWDOVRWKH
WUDQVIRUPDWLRQRI RXUVSLULWEHFDXVHWKHLQQHUWUDQVIRUPDWLRQLQVSLUHV
WKHRXWHUZRUN6KHFRQFOXGHVWKDWWKH´LQQHUDQGRXWHUWUDQVIRUPDWLRQV
DUHLQVHSDUDEOHSDUWVRI RQHZKROHµ7KLVSHUVSHFWLYHLVUHSHDWHGPDQ\
WLPHVRYHULQERWKWKHVHFXODUDQGIDLWKEDVHGSHDFHOLWHUDWXUH7KHUHLVD
JURZLQJFRQVHQVXVWKDWLQGHHGWKHUHLVDQLQWLPDWHFRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHQ
RXULQQHUVWDWHDQGZKDWZHGRLQRXURXWHUVSKHUHV7KLVFRQVLVWHQF\LV
WKHIRXQGDWLRQRI EHLQJDIXOO\LQWHJUDWHGSHUVRQ

:KDW,QQHU3HDFH(QWDLOV
+DYLQJLQQHUSHDFHLVFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\VHOIUHVSHFWDQGDUHFRJQLWLRQ
RI RQH·VRZQGLJQLW\DVDKXPDQEHLQJ7KLVHQDEOHVDSHUVRQWRIDFH
OLIH·VFKDOOHQJHVZLWKDQLQQHUHTXLOLEULXPEHFDXVHGHVSLWHDGYHUVLWLHVV
KHLVFRQYLQFHGRI KLVRUKHULQWULQVLFZRUWKDQGSXUSRVH+HQFHVKH
GRHVQRWHDVLO\VXFFXPEWRDGGLFWLRQVSV\FKRORJLFDOLOOQHVVHVDQGRWKHU
IRUPV RI  LQQHU GLVKDUPRQ\ EXW UDWKHU VKH PHHWV FKDOOHQJHV ZLWK D


Caring for the Earth

VHQVHRI KRSHDQGFRQÀGHQFHLQKLVKHURZQFDSDFLWLHV

3HUVRQDOSHDFHDOVRVXJJHVWVWKDWZHUHVSRQGWRQHJDWLYHDFWLRQVGL
UHFWHGWRXVLQSRVLWLYHZD\V)RUH[DPSOHZKHQZHIRUJLYHUDWKHUWKDQ
WDNHUHYHQJHDQGFRQWLQXHWRGRJRRGWRRWKHUVGHVSLWHWKHKXUWVWKDW
WKHRWKHUVPD\KDYHLQÁLFWHGRQXVWKHQZHFDQIHHODEHWWHUVHQVHRI 
ZHOOQHVV-LQJ/LQ  VD\VWKDWIRUJLYHQHVVLVDNH\WRDFKLHYLQJLQ
QHUSHDFH)RUJLYHQHVVIUHHVRXUKHDUWVDQGSXWVDVWRSWRWKHH[FKDQJH
RI QHJDWLYHHQHUJLHVDQGLQWHQWLRQV7KLFK1KDW+DQKD=HQ%XGGKLVW
PDVWHUUHPLQGVXVWKDW´REVHVVLQJDERXWRXUZRXQGVµNHHSVPDQ\RI 
XVIURPH[SHULHQFLQJWKHIXOOQHVVRI WKHSUHVHQW .HVVOHU 

7KLFK1KDW+DQKKROGVWKDWDNH\WRZRUOGSHDFHLVWKHSUDFWLFHRI 
´EHLQJSHDFHµ+HVD\VWKDWRIWHQWKHUHLVDYDFXXPLQVLGHXVDQGZHWU\
WR ÀOO LW E\ EHLQJ EXV\ ZLWK DFWLYLWLHV HYHQ E\ RYHUZRUNLQJ +RZHYHU
WKLVGRHVQRWJLYHXVDVHQVHRI ZHOOEHLQJDQGVHFXULW\+HEHOLHYHVWKDW
ZLWKLQHDFKRI XVDUHVHHGVRI ERWKSHDFHDQGYLROHQFH:KLFKRI WKHVH
VHHGVZLOOJURZGHSHQGVRQZKLFKVHHGZHZLOOQXUWXUH+HVD\VWKDWLI 
ZHFXOWLYDWHWKHVHHGVRI FRPSDVVLRQZHQRXULVKSHDFHZLWKLQXVDQG
DURXQGXV+RZHYHUKHSRLQWVRXWWKDWPDQ\LQÁXHQFHVRI FRQWHPSR
UDU\VRFLHW\QXUWXUHLQVWHDGWKHVHHGVRI YLROHQFH$VDFRXQWHUEDODQFH
KHWHDFKHVWHFKQLTXHVIRUFXOWLYDWLQJLQQHUWUDQTXLOLW\VXFKDVEUHDWKLQJ
H[HUFLVHVPHGLWDWLRQDQGPLQGIXORUFRQVFLRXVOLYLQJ)XUWKHUPRUHKH
DGYRFDWHVFRPSDVVLRQDWHFDOPDQGGHHSOLVWHQLQJZKLFKKHVD\VFDQ
UHVWRUH KDUPRQ\ )LQDOO\ KH VD\V ´:KDW LV PRVW LPSRUWDQW LV WKDW ZH
ÀUVWWDNHFDUHRI WKHVHHGVRI QHJDWLYLW\LQRXUVHOYHV«,I ZHDUHSHDFH
IXOLI ZHDUHKDSS\ZHFDQEORVVRPOLNHDÁRZHUDQGHYHU\RQHLQRXU
IDPLO\RXUHQWLUHVRFLHW\ZLOOEHQHÀWIURPRXUSHDFH«%HLQJSHDFHLV
WKHEDVLVRI GRLQJSHDFHPDNLQJSHDFHµ %HOOHUDQG&KDVH 

7KH 'DODL /DPD   OHDGHU RI  WKH 7LEHWDQ SHRSOH DQG 1REHO
3HDFH3UL]H$ZDUGHHLQH[SODLQVWKDWDFDOPDQGZKROHVRPHVWDWH
RI  PLQG KDV EHQHÀFLDO HIIHFWV RQ RXU KHDOWK DQG SK\VLFDO ZHOOEHLQJ
&RQYHUVHO\IHHOLQJVRI IHDUDQGDQJHUFDQEHGHVWUXFWLYHWRRXUKHDOWK


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

+HQFHZHKDYHWROHDUQWRUHGXFHWKHLQÁXHQFHRI QHJDWLYHHPRWLRQV
VRZHFDQKDYHDKDSSLHUDQGPRUHVDWLVI\LQJOLIH7KHVHLGHDVIURPD
VSLULWXDOOHDGHUDUHDIÀUPHGE\PHGLFDODQGKHDOWKH[SHUWVWRGD\,QDG
GLWLRQWKH'DODL/DPD FLWHGLQ+XQW DOVRVD\VWKDWZKHQSHRSOH
DUHFDXJKWXSZLWKWKHLGHDRI DFTXLULQJPRUHDQGEHLQJULFKZLWKRXW
PDNLQJURRPIRUDQ\WKLQJHOVHLQWKHLUOLYHVLWFDQUHVXOWLQWRORVLQJWKH
´GUHDPRI KDSSLQHVVµ+HQFHRQHPD\DSSHDUWREHOHDGLQJDVXFFHVVIXO
DQGFRPIRUWDEOHOLIHEXWPD\VWLOOEHWRUPHQWHGE\DQ[LHW\GLVFRQWHQW
DQG XQFHUWDLQW\ 7KH 'DODL /DPD HQFRXUDJHV SHRSOH WR EH VRPHWKLQJ
PRUHWKDQWKHLUWLWOHVLQFRPHVDQGSRVVHVVLRQV+HDVNVSHRSOHWRUHF
RJQL]HWKDWLWLVQRWWKHLUVRFLDOSRVLWLRQRUORRNVWKDWDUHLPSRUWDQWEXW
UDWKHUZKDWWKH\GRWRSURPRWHODVWLQJKDSSLQHVVLQWKHLUKHDUWDQGLQ
WKHLUVRFLHW\)LQDOO\KHVD\VSHDFHLVQRWMXVWWKHDEVHQFHRI YLROHQFH
EXWLQYROYHVVDWLVIDFWLRQKDSSLQHVVDQGWUDQTXLOLW\LWLVDQH[SUHVVLRQRI 
FRPSDVVLRQDQGFDULQJDOLIHZLWKRXWIHDU

,WLVDOVRJRRGWRUHPHPEHUWKDWWKHPDMRUZRUOGUHOLJLRQVKDYHDOO
WDXJKWWKHJROGHQUXOHZKRVHHVVHQWLDOPHVVDJHLVWKDWZHGRWRRWKHUV
ZKDWZHZDQWWKHPWRGRWRXV7KLVVSLULWXDOPHVVDJHLI WDNHQWRKHDUW
LV D VRXUFH RI  SHDFHDEOH UHODWLRQVKLSV ZKLFK LQ WXUQ EULQJV SHUVRQDO
SHDFH7KLVLQGLFDWHVWRXVWKDWLQGHHGWKHUHLVDOLQNEHWZHHQVRFLDODQG
SHUVRQDOSHDFH6LPLODUO\DVSHRSOHSXUVXHWKHJRDORI SHUVRQDOSHDFH
WKLVZLOOFRQWULEXWHWRDPRUHSHDFHIXOFRPPXQLW\

7KXV FXOWLYDWLQJ LQQHU SHDFH QRW RQO\ PHDQV ORRNLQJ LQZDUGV DQG
GHÀQLWHO\QRWLQDVHOIFHQWHUHGZD\,WPHDQVVWUHQJWKHQLQJRQH·VLQQHU
UHVRXUFHVRI IDLWKORYHDQGKRSHRQH·VSHUVRQDOYLVLRQDQGFDSDFLWLHVVR
WKDWVKHFDQXVHWKHVHLQEXLOGLQJRXWHUSHDFH,QQHUSHDFHDQGRXWHU
SHDFHIHHGHDFKRWKHU:HFDQQRWVD\ZHKDYHLQQHUSHDFHZKLOHLJQRULQJ
YLROHQWUHDOLWLHVDOODURXQGXVDYLROHQWRXWHUVSKHUHZLOOFHUWDLQO\DIIHFW
RXULQQHUVWDWH7KLVIDFWFRQYLQFHVXVWKDWLWLVEHVWWRZRUNIRULQQHUDQG
RXWHUSHDFHVLPXOWDQHRXVO\$VZHFXOWLYDWHLQQHUSHDFHZHDOVRQHHGWR
QXUWXUHRXUDVSLUDWLRQVDQGHIIRUWVWRFRQWULEXWHWRVRFLHWDOSHDFH


Caring for the Earth

7HDFKLQJ/HDUQLQJ,GHDV
$VHGXFDWRUVRXUWDVNLVWRHQFRXUDJHOHDUQHUVWRFXOWLYDWHSHUVRQDO
SHDFHDVZHOODVWREHFRPHDZDUHRI WKHFRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHQSHUVRQDO
DQGVRFLDOSHDFH$OORZLQJWKHOHDUQHUVWRUHÁHFWTXLHWO\RQLPSRUWDQW
TXHVWLRQVDQGWRVKDUHWKHLUUHVSRQVHVLQG\DGVRUVPDOOJURXSVLVRQH
ZD\E\ZKLFKZHFDQFXOWLYDWHWKHDERYH$IHZRI WKRVHTXHVWLRQVIRU
UHÁHFWLRQDQGGLVFXVVLRQDUH

 :KHQFKDOOHQJHGE\VXIIHULQJRUDGYHUVLW\ZKDWNLQGRI UHVSRQVH


FDQKHOS\RXPDLQWDLQLQQHUKDUPRQ\"
 :KDWGR\RXZRUU\DERXWRUIHHODIUDLGRI ":KDWVWHSVFDQ\RX
WDNHWRUHVROYHWKLVZRUU\IHDU"
 ,PDJLQHWKDW\RXKDYHIRUJLYHQVRPHRQHZKRKDVKXUW\RX2U
LPDJLQH WKDW \RX KDYH KXUW VRPHRQH DQG KDYH QRZ DVNHG IRU
IRUJLYHQHVV+RZGR\RXIHHOQRZ"&RPSDUHWKLVIHHOLQJWRZKDW
\RXIHOWEHIRUH
 :KDWLVLWWKDWJLYHV\RXRUZRXOGJLYH\RXLQQHUSHDFHDQGKDS
SLQHVV"
 +RZGR\RXIHHOZKHQ\RXDUHFRQWHQWHGDQGKDSS\DQGRWKHUV
DUHQRW"
 +RZGR\RXIHHODERXWWKHJROGHQUXOH":KDWUROHGRHVLWSOD\LQ
\RXUOLIH":KDWLQQHUDQGRXWHUFRQVHTXHQFHVKDYH\RXH[SHUL
HQFHGDVDUHVXOWRI DSSO\LQJWKHJROGHQUXOHLQ\RXUOLIH"
:HFDQDOVRDVNRXUVWXGHQWVWROLVWHQWRDVRQJRI SHDFH$IWHUOLVWHQ
LQJWRLWWKH\FDQEHDVNHGWRH[SUHVVWKHLUWKRXJKWVDQGIHHOLQJVDERXW
WKHVRQJ·VPHVVDJHLQG\DGV7KHTXHVWLRQVFDQEHDQ\RI WKHIROORZLQJ
'RHVWKHVRQJKDYHDSHUVRQDOPHDQLQJUHOHYDQFHWR\RX":K\RUZK\
QRW"'RHVWKHVRQJVKRZDFRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHQLQQHUSHDFHDQGVRFLHWDO
SHDFHLQHLWKHUDQH[SOLFLWRULPSOLHGZD\"'R\RXOLNHLW",I \RXIHHO
WKDWWKHUHLVDQHHGWRLPSURYHWKHO\ULFVZKDWLPSURYHPHQW V ZRXOG
\RXPDNHDQGZK\"/DWHUWKHWHDFKHUFDQHQFRXUDJHYROXQWHHUVWRVKDUH


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

WKHLUWKRXJKWVDQGIHHOLQJVZLWKWKHELJJHUJURXSZKROHFODVV

,WLVDOVRYDOXDEOHWRORRNDWWKHWHDFKLQJVRI WKHPDMRUVSLULWXDODQG
IDLWKWUDGLWLRQVDQGWRVHHZKDWWKH\VD\DERXWFXOWLYDWLQJLQQHUSHDFH
&KDSWHURI WKLVERRNLVDUHVRXUFHWKDWFDQEHXVHG)RULQVWDQFHDOOWKH
PDMRUZRUOGUHOLJLRQVWHDFKVRPHIRUPRI WKHJROGHQUXOH7KHJROGHQ
UXOHHVVHQWLDOO\VD\VWKDWZHVKRXOGGRWRRWKHUVZKDWZHZDQWRWKHUVWR
GRWRXV6WXGHQWVFDQEHDVNHG'R\RXWKLQNWKDWDSSO\LQJWKHJROGHQ
UXOHZRXOGEULQJLQQHURUSHUVRQDOSHDFHWR\RXUOLIH"(QFRXUDJHVWX
GHQWVWRUHÁHFWRQWKHFRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHQGRLQJSRVLWLYHWKLQJVXUJHG
E\VSLULWXDODQGIDLWKWUDGLWLRQVDQGWKHLUKDYLQJLQQHUSHDFH$VNWKHPLI 
WKH\KDYHH[SHULHQFHGDSHUVRQDOFDOPQHVVVDWLVIDFWLRQDQGSHDFHDIWHU
VKRZLQJFRPSDVVLRQIRUJLYLQJDQGUHFRQFLOLQJZLWKVRPHRQHKHOSLQJ
RWKHUV DW WKHLU WLPH RI  QHHG DFFHSWLQJ DQG UHVSHFWLQJ RWKHUV GHVSLWH
GLIIHUHQFHVLQEHOLHIVVRFLDOFODVVHWKQLFLW\VNLQFRORUHWF:KDWFRQFOX
VLRQVRULQVLJKWVFDQWKH\GUDZIURPWKHLURZQH[SHULHQFHVRUIURPWKH
H[SHULHQFHVRI RWKHUVZKLFKWKH\PLJKWKDYHUHDGRUKHDUGDERXW"



PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

Šƒ’–‡”ͳ͵

&UHDWLQJD3HDFHDEOH
&ODVVURRP

/
LWHUDWXUHRQFODVVURRPPDQDJHPHQWLQGLFDWHVWKDWOHDUQHUVÀQGLW
GLIÀFXOWWRIRFXVRQDFDGHPLFZRUNZKHQWKHUHDUHVRFLDOGLVWUDF
WLRQV7KH&DUQHJLH&RXQFLORQ$GROHVFHQW'HYHORSPHQWKROGV
WKDWPXWXDOO\UHVSHFWIXOUHODWLRQVDUHLPSHUDWLYHIRULQWHOOHFWXDOGHYHORS
PHQWDQGJURZWK FLWHGLQ*RRGHQRZ *RRGHQRZ  
OLNHZLVHSRVLWVWKDWEHORQJLQJDQGDFFHSWDQFHDUHSRWHQWLDOO\LPSRUWDQW
IDFWRUVLQOHDUQLQJ6LPLODUO\/DQWLHULDQG3DWWL  SXWIRUZDUGWKDW
WKHUHLVDUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQGLVWUHVVDQ[LHW\DQGWKHDELOLW\RI RXU
PHPRU\WRZRUN6FKZLW]HUHWDO  ZULWHWKDWRQHRI WKHYLWDOWDVNV
UHODWHGWRDVXFFHVVIXODFDGHPLFH[SHULHQFHLVEHLQJDEOHWRHVWDEOLVKVXF
FHVVIXOLQWHUSHUVRQDOUHODWLRQVKLSVLQWKHFDPSXV$OOWKHVHWHOOXVWKDWD
SHDFHDEOHOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWLVQHFHVVDU\LQWKHSURFHVVRI OHDUQLQJ

:KDW LV D SHDFHDEOH FODVVURRP" 7KH FRQFHSW ZDV ÀUVW FRLQHG E\
:LOOLDP.UHLGOHUDQHOHPHQWDU\VFKRROWHDFKHUDQGFRQÁLFWH[SHUWZKR
VDZWKDWFRQÁLFWLQWKHFODVVURRPZDVFDXVHGE\PDQ\IDFWRUVVXFKDV
PLVFRPPXQLFDWLRQH[FOXVLRQWKHLQDELOLW\WRH[SUHVVIHHOLQJVDSSURSUL
DWHO\DQGWKHODFNRI FDUHDQGUHVSHFWIRUHDFKRWKHU /DQWLHULDQG3DWWL
 $SHDFHDEOHFODVVURRPLVFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\DIÀUPDWLRQFRRSHUD
WLRQFRPPXQLFDWLRQDSSUHFLDWLRQIRUGLYHUVLW\DSSURSULDWHH[SUHVVLRQ
RI IHHOLQJVDQGSHDFHIXOFRQÁLFWUHVROXWLRQ

$VXUYH\RI KLJKVFKRROVWXGHQWVLQWKH3KLOLSSLQHVUHYHDOHGWKDW


Creating a Peaceable Classroom

EXOO\LQJ LQ WKH FODVVURRP LV RQH RI  WKH PDMRU FDXVHV RI  GLVWUHVV DQG
DQ[LHW\ DPRQJ WKHP 9LFWLPV RI  EXOO\LQJ DUH KDUPHG ERWK SK\VLFDOO\
DQGYHUEDOO\9LFWLPVKDYHH[SHULHQFHGEHLQJKLWELWWHQDQGORFNHGLQ
DURRPNLFNHGVSDWRQSLQFKHGSXVKHGDQGVFUDWFKHGDPRQJRWKHUV
9HUEDOO\WKH\KDYHH[SHULHQFHGEHLQJFDOOHGQDPHVWKUHDWHQHGDQGYLF
WLPL]HGE\PDOLFLRXVUXPRUV7RSSLQJWKHOLVWRI YLFWLPVZKRDUHQRU
PDOO\H[FOXGHGLJQRUHGDQGLVRODWHGE\WKHPDMRULW\DUHWKRVHWKRXJKW
RI WREHQHUGV2WKHUFRPPRQYLFWLPVDUHWKRVHZKRGRQRWPHDVXUH
XSWRVHWVWDQGDUGVRI EHDXW\WKHRYHUZHLJKWWKHGDUNVNLQQHGWKHHFR
QRPLFDOO\ SRRU WKH JD\V DQG WKH OHVELDQV WKRVH ZKR KDYH SURYLQFLDO
DFFHQWVDQGWKHQHZVWXGHQWV 1DULR*DODFH 

'DPDJHGVHOIHVWHHPLVRQHRI WKHNQRZQHIIHFWVRI EXOO\LQJ6WX


GHQWVJXLGDQFHFRXQVHORUVDQGWHDFKHUVLQWHUYLHZHGIURPGLIIHUHQWVHF
RQGDU\VFKRROVLQ0DQLODFRQÀGHGWKDWYLFWLPVRI EXOO\LQJZLWKGUDZRU
NHHSWRWKHPVHOYHV7KH\EHFRPHORQHUVRUDORRI2WKHUVDEVHQWWKHP
VHOYHVIUHTXHQWO\IURPFODVVDQGVRPHKDYHGURSSHGRXW*UDGHVZHUH
DOVRUHSRUWHGO\DIIHFWHG

&UHDWLQJDSHDFHDEOHFODVVURRPLVDZD\WRKHOSVWXGHQWVUHVSHFWDQG
DSSUHFLDWHHDFKRWKHUUHJDUGOHVVRI GLIIHUHQFHV+HUHDUHVRPHZD\VWR
KHOSFUHDWHWKDWDWPRVSKHUHRI ORYHDQGDFFHSWDQFHLQRXUFODVVURRPV

'HFODUH\RXUFODVVURRPD]RQHRI SHDFHDQGHVWDEOLVKUXOHVWRDFKLHYHLW2Q
WKHÀUVWIHZGD\VRI VFKRROLQWURGXFHWR\RXUVWXGHQWVWKHFRQFHSWRI 

d,/^>^^ZKKD/^
ZONE OF PEACE
ϭ͘>ŝƐƚĞŶǁŚĞŶƐŽŵĞŽŶĞŝƐƚĂůŬŝŶŐ͘
Ϯ͘ŽŶŽƚĞdžĐůƵĚĞĂŶLJŽŶĞ͘
ϯ͘^ĂLJŽŶůLJŬŝŶĚǁŽƌĚƐ͘
ϰ͘^ƉĞĂŬŐĞŶƚůLJ͘
ϱ͘^ŚŽǁƌĞƐƉĞĐƚĨŽƌĞĂĐŚŽƚŚĞƌ͘


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

DSHDFHIXOFODVVURRP$VNWKHPZKDWWKH\WKLQNDUHWKHHOHPHQWVQHFHV
VDU\WRFUHDWHDQDWPRVSKHUHRI SHDFHLQWKHFODVVURRP$VNWKHPWRSXW
XSDSRVWHULQGLFDWLQJWKDWWKHLUFODVVURRPLVD=RQHRI 3HDFHDQGWKH
JXLGHOLQHVQHFHVVDU\WRDFKLHYHLW

$VWKHWHDFKHUOHWWKLVSHDFHEHJLQZLWK\RX(DFKPRUQLQJWHOO\RXU
VHOI WKDW\RXZLOOEHDSHDFHIXOWHDFKHUWKDWGD\(YHU\WLPHVRPHWKLQJ
UXEV\RXWKHZURQJZD\UHPLQG\RXUVHOI WKDW\RXKDYHUHVROYHGWREH
SHDFHIXODQGZRXOGQRWDOORZ\RXUVHOI WRH[SORGH(DFKWLPH\RXHQWHU
WKHFODVVURRPEUHDWKHRXWRUJURXQGRII DQ\QHJDWLYHHQHUJ\WKDW\RX
FDXJKWDORQJWKHZD\5DGLDWHSRVLWLYHHQHUJ\6PLOHDV\RXJUHHWRWKHUV
7HDFK\RXUVWXGHQWVJUHHWLQJVRI SHDFHLQORFDOGLDOHFWVRUIRUHLJQODQ
JXDJHVDQGXVHLWDVDVSULQJERDUGIRUDEULHI GLVFXVVLRQRQSHDFHLVVXHV
RI WKHGD\ZKHQDSSOLFDEOH

W/EDEz>E'h'^
^ĂůĂĂŵ;ƌĂďŝĐͿ
ŽďŽƚŽ;>ŝŶŐĂůĂůͲŽŶŐŽͿ
^ŚĂůŽŵ;,ĞďƌĞǁͿ
ĞŬĞ;,ƵŶŐĂƌŝĂŶͿ
ŵĂŶŝ;^ǁĂŚŝůŝͿ
^ŚĂŶƟ;,ŝŶĚŝͿ
ĂŵĂŝ;/ŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂŶͿ
,ĞŝǁĂ;:ĂƉĂŶĞƐĞͿ
WLJƵŶŐ,ǁĂ;<ŽƌĞĂŶͿ
WĂnj;^ƉĂŶŝƐŚͿ
WĂdž;>ĂƟŶͿ


Creating a Peaceable Classroom

$IÀUP\RXUVWXGHQWV6D\VRPHWKLQJSRVLWLYHRUQLFHWRVRPHRQHZKHQ
DQ RSSRUWXQLW\ FRPHV XS 5HFRJQL]H WKH LGHD WKH\ FRQWULEXWHG 6KRZ
LQWHUHVWZLWKZKDWWKHOHDUQHUVKDYHWRVD\1RGRUORRNWKHPLQWKHH\H

([SUHVVIHHOLQJVDSSURSULDWHO\DQGHQFRXUDJHVWXGHQWVWRGRVR:KHQWKHUH
DUHVLWXDWLRQVWKDWDQJHU\RXUHIUDLQIURPDJJUHVVLYHZD\VRI UHDFWLQJ
:KHQRXUSDWLHQFHLVWULHGWKHOHYHORI WKHDQJHUWKHUPRPHWHULQRXU
ERGLHVJRHVXSDQGZHWHQGWRUHDFWIRUFHIXOO\,WLVQRWUDUHWRKHDURI 
WHDFKHUV\HOOLQJDWWKHLUVWXGHQWVNLFNLQJRUSXVKLQJIXUQLWXUHRUWKURZ
LQJLWHPVZKHQDQJU\7HDFKHUVVKRXOGOHDUQKRZWRPDQDJHWKHLUDQJHU
,QVWHDGRI H[SORGLQJRUVXSSUHVVLQJLWWHDFKHUVFDQXVHFDOPLQJWHFK
QLTXHVOLNHEUHDWKLQJGHHSO\RUJHQWO\OHDYLQJWKHDQJHUVFHQHDQGFRP
LQJEDFNZKHQWKHDQJU\IHHOLQJKDVVXEVLGHG6WXGHQWVVKRXOGDOVREH
WDXJKWDSSURSULDWHH[SUHVVLRQVRI IHHOLQJV7KH\VKRXOGEHWDXJKW´FRRO
LQJRII µWHFKQLTXHVOLNHZULWLQJKRZWKH\IHHO ´,DPYHU\XSVHWµ DOWHU
LQJWKHLUWKRXJKWV ´6KHSUREDEO\GLGQRWPHDQWRKXUWPH0D\EHVKH
LVZRUULHGDERXWVRPHWKLQJµ UHSHDWLQJFDOPLQJZRUGV ´5HOD[UHOD[µ 
DQGWDONLQJWRRQH·VVHOI  ´,ZLOOQRWH[SORGHµ :KHQVWHDPKDVOHWRII
WKHVWXGHQWVPD\H[SUHVVWKHLUIHHOLQJVXVLQJ´,PHVVDJHVµ,PHVVDJHV
DUHVWDWHPHQWVWKDWVSHDNRI \RXUIHHOLQJVDQGLQWHUHVWV7KH\DUHDOWHU
QDWLYHVWREODPLQJVWDWHPHQWVH[SUHVVHGLQPRPHQWVRI UDJHRUIUXVWUD
WLRQ)RUH[DPSOHLQVWHDGRI VD\LQJ´<RXDUHYHU\LUUHVSRQVLEOHµZKHQ
DFODVVPDWHFRPHVWR\RXUJURXSPHHWLQJVZD\DIWHUWKHDSSRLQWHGWLPH
\RXFDQVD\´,DPIUXVWUDWHGZKHQHYHU\RXFRPHODWHIRURXUPHHWLQJ
EHFDXVHZHPLJKWQRWEHDEOHWRJHWWKHJUDGHZHZDQWIRUWKLVSURMHFWµ
,PHVVDJHVFRPPXQLFDWHRXUIHHOLQJV ,DPIUXVWUDWHG WKHEHKDYLRUZH
DUHUHDFWLQJWR ZKHQHYHU\RXFRPHODWHIRURXUPHHWLQJV DQGWKHUHD
VRQIRUWKLVIHHOLQJ EHFDXVHZHPLJKWQRWEHDEOHWRJHWWKHJUDGHZH
ZDQWIRUWKLVSURMHFW 
$VWHDFKHUVFKRRVHWRVD\QLFHDQGJHQWOHZRUGV$SDLQIXOWUXWKFDQ
EHVDLGLQDZD\WKDWGRHVQRWLQMXUH$JDLQ,PHVVDJHVDUHKHOSIXOKHUH
,QVWHDGRI EODPLQJVWXGHQWVUHIHUWRKRZ\RXIHHODERXWDEHKDYLRUHJ
´,DPERWKHUHGZKHQ,VHHVRPHRI \RXWDONLQJZKLOHDFODVVPDWHRI 


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

\RXUVLVUHFLWLQJµ

(QFRXUDJHUHVSHFWIRUDQGDFFHSWDQFHRI GLIIHUHQFHV$SHDFHDEOHFODVVURRPLV
RQHZKHUHVWXGHQWVIHHODVHQVHRI EHORQJLQJQHVVDQGDFFHSWDQFH+HQFH
WKH\VKRXOGQRWEHULGLFXOHGRUPDUJLQDOL]HGHVSHFLDOO\IRUFKDUDFWHULVWLFV
WKDW DUH EH\RQG WKHLU FRQWURO $V D WHDFKHU H[DPLQH \RXU RZQ ELDVHV
$UH\RXLQFOLQHGWRVWHUHRW\SHJLUOVRUJD\VWXGHQWV"'R\RXGLVFULPLQDWH
DJDLQVWWKHVORZOHDUQHUVDQGUHJDUGWKHLQWHOOLJHQWVWXGHQWVPRUHIDYRU
DEO\"5HIUDLQIURPSXWWLQJVWXGHQWVGRZQDQGUHPLQG\RXUVWXGHQWVWR
GHVLVWEXOO\LQJEHKDYLRU2UJDQL]HDZHOFRPLQJDFWLYLW\IRUQHZVWXGHQWV
*LYHROGWLPHUVDSHSWDONRQWKHMR\RI EHLQJZDUPO\UHFHLYHG$VVLJQ
ROGWLPHUVWREH´ELJVLVWHUVDQGEURWKHUVµRI WKHQHZFRPHUVDQGDVVLVW
WKHPLQWKHLUQHHGV7DONWR\RXUFODVVDERXWWKHLPSRUWDQFHRI UHVSHFW
LQJGLIIHUHQFHV5HPLQGWKHPWKDWWKHFRORURI WKHVNLQWKHWH[WXUHRI 
RQH·VKDLUWKHVL]HRI  RQH·V ERG\ DQG WKHDPRXQW RI  PRQH\LQ RQH·V
SRFNHWKDYHQRWKLQJWRGRZLWKZKDWLVLQRQH·VKHDUW5HPLQGWKHPWKDW
SHRSOHGLIIHULQVH[XDORULHQWDWLRQPHQWDODELOLW\DQGPDQQHURI GUHVV
LQJRUVSHDNLQJDPRQJRWKHUVDQGWKHVHGLIIHUHQFHVGRQRWJLYHDQ\RQH
WKHULJKWWRWHDVHH[FOXGHRUKXUWDQRWKHU+XPRULVHQFRXUDJHGLQFODVV
EXWMRNHVVKRXOGQRWEHVDLGDWVRPHRQHHOVH·VH[SHQVH

(PSOR\ PRUH FRRSHUDWLYH WKDQ FRPSHWLWLYH DFWLYLWLHV &RRSHUDWLYH DFWLYLWLHV


DUHWKRVHWKDWZLOOHQDEOHWKHFODVVWRZRUNWRJHWKHUWRSXUVXHDJRDO
8JO\FRPSHWLWLRQVEUHHGGLYLVLRQVWKDWPD\VHWFRQÁLFWVLQPRWLRQ&R
RSHUDWLYHDFWLYLWLHVRQWKHRWKHUKDQGSURPRWHSRVLWLYHLQWHUGHSHQGHQFH
ZKHUHVWXGHQWVOHDUQWKHVNLOOVRI FRPPXQLFDWLRQDQGFROODERUDWLRQWR
UHDFKDGHVLUHGJRDO:KHQVWXGHQWVDUHJLYHQFRRSHUDWLYHDFWLYLWLHVWKH\
OHDUQKRZWRVROYHDSUREOHPWRJHWKHUDQGWRKHOSRQHDQRWKHUXVLQJ
PHPEHUV·GLIIHUHQWWDOHQWVVNLOOVDQGVWUHQJWKV

7HDFKVWXGHQWVKRZWRUHVROYHFRQÁLFWVSHDFHIXOO\DQGFRQVWUXFWLYHO\:KHQWKHUH
DUHKXUWIXOVLWXDWLRQVWDNHDQDFWLYHUROHDJDLQVWLW0HGLDWHLQFRQÁLFW
VLWXDWLRQV(PSOR\DSUREOHPVROYLQJDSSURDFK7HDFKVWXGHQWVKRZWR
XVHWKLVDSSURDFKDQGKRZWRGLDORJXHFRQVWUXFWLYHO\5HPLQGWKHPWKDW


Creating a Peaceable Classroom

HIIHFWLYHGLDORJXLQJHQWDLOVWKDWGLVSXWDQWVVSHDNWRHDFKRWKHULQDJHQWOH
PDQQHU%RWKZRUGVDQGJHVWXUHVVKRXOGEHUHVSHFWIXODQGNLQG5HPLQG
WKHPWKDWDVROXWLRQPD\EHIRXQGLI WKH\ZLOOJHQXLQHO\OLVWHQWRHDFK
RWKHU·VSHUVSHFWLYH'HVLJQDWHDSHDFHFRUQHULQWKHFODVVURRPRUDSHDFH
DUHDLQWKHVFKRRO\DUGRUJURXQGVZKHUHVWXGHQWVFDQWDONDERXWWKHLU
FRQFHUQV

%HORZDUHVLPSOHTXHVWLRQVWKDWFDQJXLGHWKHVWXGHQWV·GLDORJXH

YƵĞƐƟŽŶƐdŚĂƚĂŶ'ƵŝĚĞĂŝĂůŽŐƵĞ

3UDFWLFHVWXGHQWV·VNLOOVRI FRPPXQLFDWLRQ0DQ\FRQÁLFWVLQWKHFODVVURRP
DULVHEHFDXVHRI PLVFRPPXQLFDWLRQPLVSHUFHSWLRQDQGPLVXQGHUVWDQG
LQJ7KHUHDUHWLPHVZKHQZKDWZHVD\LVQRWDFFXUDWHO\UHFHLYHGE\WKH
RWKHURUZKHQZKDWZHGRLVLQDFFXUDWHO\SHUFHLYHG2QHZD\WRKHOS
DYRLGFRQÁLFWVHPDQDWLQJIURPPLVFRPPXQLFDWLRQLVWRWHDFKWKHVWX
GHQWVKRZWRFODULI\DQGSDUDSKUDVH7HDFKWKHPWKDWZKHQVRPHWKLQJ
VDLGERWKHUVWKHPWKH\VKRXOGFODULI\LI WKH\UHFHLYHGWKHPHVVDJHDFFX
UDWHO\HJ´0D\,NQRZLI ,DPFRUUHFWLQXQGHUVWDQGLQJZKDW\RXVDLG"
'LG\RXVD\WKDW«"µ

3HRSOHVRPHWLPHVKDYHWKHWHQGHQF\WRVSHDNEHIRUHWKH\WKLQN%H
IRUHWKH\FRXOGFDWFKWKHPVHOYHVWKHQHJDWLYHZRUGVKDYHDOUHDG\EHHQ
VSRNHQ3UDFWLFHVWXGHQWVLQWRFKDQJLQJQHJDWLYHVWDWHPHQWVLQWRSRVL
WLYHRQHV7KHXVHRI ´,PHVVDJHVµZLOOEHKHOSIXOLQWKLVUHJDUG


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

ŚĂŶŐŝŶŐŶĞŐĂƟǀĞƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚƐŝŶƚŽŵŽƌĞ
ƉŽƐŝƟǀĞŽŶĞƐ͗
Ă͘ ^ŚƵƚƵƉ͊͘
 ůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞ͗WůĞĂƐĞŬĞĞƉƋƵŝĞƚ͘
ď͘ zŽƵĂƌĞŝƌƌŝƚĂƟŶŐ͘
 ůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞ͗/ĂŵďŽƚŚĞƌĞĚǁŚĞŶ͙
Đ͘ zŽƵĂƌĞƚŽŽŶŽƐLJ͊
 ůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞ͗DĂLJ/ŚĂǀĞƐŽŵĞƉƌŝǀĂƚĞŵŽŵĞŶƚƐ͕ƉůĞĂƐĞ͘

2XUZRUGVFDQEHDWZRHGJHGVZRUGKHQFHZHVKRXOGEHFDUHIXO
RQKRZZHVD\WKLQJV7HDFKLQJRXUVWXGHQWVWRFKRRVHWKHZRUGVWKH\
VD\LQFRQVLGHUDWLRQRI RWKHUSHRSOH·VIHHOLQJVZLOOKHOSUHGXFHFRQÁLFWV
LQWKHFODVVURRP

$SHDFHDEOHFODVVURRPLVRQHZKHUHVWXGHQWVIHHOVDIHDQGVHFXUH,W
LVDSODFHZKHUHWKH\DUHIUHHWREHWKHSHUVRQWKH\DUHFRJQL]DQWRI WKHLU
UHVSRQVLELOLWLHV,WLVDSODFHZKHUHWKH\JURZDVSHUVRQVZLWKRXWWKUHDWV
RI EHLQJULGLFXOHGPDUJLQDOL]HGRUKXUW7HDFKHUVFDQKHOSEXLOGWKHVH
NLQGVRI FODVVURRPV,I WKHSULQFLSOHVRI SHDFHDUHWDXJKWDQGOLYHGLQ
WKHFODVVURRPLWZLOOEHHDVLHUIRUOHDUQHUVWRFDUU\RQWKHVHYDOXHVDQG
VNLOOVWRWKHLURWKHUVSKHUHVRI LQWHUDFWLRQ$QGSHDFHWHDFKHUVVKRXOG
EHKDSS\WKDWWKH\KDYHGRQHWKHLUVKDUHLQEXLOGLQJDVRFLHW\ZKHUHWKH
QHZQRUPVDUHSHDFHDEOH



PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

Šƒ’–‡”ͳͶ

7HDFKLQJ/HDUQLQJ
$SSURDFKHVDQG6WUDWHJLHVLQ
3HDFH(GXFDWLRQ

7
KH´KRZµLVDV´LPSRUWDQWµDVWKH´ZKDWµ+HQFHWKHWHDFKLQJ
OHDUQLQJDSSURDFKHVWKDWDUHFRPSDWLEOHZLWKWKHJRDOVRI SHDFH
HGXFDWLRQ DUH KROLVWLF SDUWLFLSDWRU\ FRRSHUDWLYH H[SHULHQWLDO
DQGKXPDQLVW

+ROLVWLFHGXFDWLRQGRHVQRWFRQÀQHLWVHOI WRWKHSDUDPHWHUVRI IDFWV


DQG FRQFHSWV ,QVWHDG LW SURPRWHV FRJQLWLYH DIIHFWLYH DQG EHKDYLRUDO
JRDOV RI  OHDUQLQJ 2IWHQ WKH IRFXV RI  OHDUQLQJ LV WKH WUDQVPLVVLRQ RI 
FRQFHSWV,QSHDFHHGXFDWLRQWKHJRDOVDUHWKUHHIROG)LUVWLVWKHEXLOG
LQJRI DZDUHQHVVRQWKHUHDOLWLHVURRWVDQGFRQVHTXHQFHVRI YLROHQFH
DQG WKH EXLOGLQJ RI  DZDUHQHVV RQ WKH URRWV RI  SHDFH 6HFRQG LV WKH
EXLOGLQJ RI  FRQFHUQ DQG WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI  WKH YDOXHV RI  HPSDWK\
FRPSDVVLRQKRSHDQGVRFLDOUHVSRQVLELOLW\+DUULVDQG0RUULVRQ  
FDOOLWWKHGHYHORSPHQWRI PRUDOVHQVLWLYLW\FXOPLQDWLQJLQWKHEXLOGLQJ
RI WKHFDSDFLW\RI OHDUQHUVWRFDUHIRURWKHUV7KLUGLVWKHFDOOWRDFWLRQ
EHJLQQLQJ ZLWK WKH UHVROYH WR FKDQJH SHUVRQDO PLQGVHWV DQG DWWLWXGHV
DQGGRLQJVRPHWKLQJFRQFUHWHDERXWVLWXDWLRQVRI YLROHQFH

3DUWLFLSDWRU\HGXFDWLRQPHDQVDOORZLQJOHDUQHUVWRLQTXLUHVKDUHDQG
FROODERUDWH,WDOORZVOHDUQHUVWRHQJDJHLQGLDORJXHZLWKWKHWHDFKHURU


Teaching-Learning Approaches and Strategies in Peace Education

ZLWKWKHLUFROHDUQHUV7KHSUDFWLFHRI DUWLFXODWLQJDQGOLVWHQLQJWRGL
YHUVHSRLQWVRI YLHZLVDQLPSRUWDQWH[HUFLVHLQEURDGHQLQJSHUVSHFWLYHV
6XFKDVNLOOLVQHFHVVDU\LQDZRUOGZKHUHPDQ\FRQÁLFWVUHPDLQXQUH
VROYHGEHFDXVHRI SHRSOHV·UHIXVDOWRKHDURQHDQRWKHU,QSDUWLFLSDWRU\
OHDUQLQJWHDFKHUDFWVPRUHDVDIDFLOLWDWRUUDWKHUWKDQDQDXWKRULW\ÀJXUH
(YHQLI WHDFKHUVKDYHGHÀQLWHVWDQGVRQLVVXHVWKH\VKRXOGHQFRXUDJH
VWXGHQWVWRDUWLFXODWHWKHLURZQSHUVSHFWLYHVEHIRUHLQYLWLQJWKHPWRWDNH
DSSURSULDWHDFWLRQRQWKHLVVXHVGLVFXVVHG 0FJLQQLV 3DUWLFLSD
WRU\HGXFDWLRQDOVRPHDQVYHHULQJDZD\IURPWKHWUDGLWLRQDOLQGRFWULQD
WLRQVW\OH7KHREVHUYDQFHRI GHPRFUDWLFSURFHVVHVLQWKHFODVVURRPV
FDQ FRQWULEXWH WR WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI  NQRZOHGJH VNLOOV DQG DWWLWXGHV
QHFHVVDU\IRUGHPRFUDWLFFLWL]HQVKLS +DUULVDQG0RUULVRQ 

&RRSHUDWLYHOHDUQLQJPHDQVJLYLQJRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUSDUWLFLSDQWVWR
ZRUNWRJHWKHUDQGOHDUQUDWKHUWKDQFRPSHWHZLWKHDFKRWKHU&RRSHUD
WLYHOHDUQLQJDVLGHIURPLQFUHDVLQJPRWLYDWLRQWROHDUQLPSURYHVUHOD
WLRQVDPRQJVWXGHQWVFKDOOHQJHVLQGLYLGXDOLVPDQGOHVVHQVGLYLVLYHQHVV
DQG IHHOLQJV RI  SUHMXGLFH ,W UHYHUVHV IHHOLQJV RI  DOLHQDWLRQ DQG LVROD
WLRQDQGSURPRWHVPRUHSRVLWLYHDWWLWXGHV,QDFRRSHUDWLYHFODVVURRP
VWXGHQWVOHDUQWRUHO\RQHDFKRWKHUDQGWKHVXFFHVVRI OHDUQLQJDFWLYL
WLHVGHSHQGVXSRQWKHFRQWULEXWLRQVRI HDFKRQH +DUULVDQG0RUULVRQ
  0DQ\ RI  WKH SUREOHPV LQ WKH ZRUG ZH IDFH ULJKW QRZ FDQ EH
VROYHGLI SHRSOHZRXOGFRRSHUDWH,I VWXGHQWVZRXOGH[SHULHQFHFRRS
HUDWLYHSURFHVVHVLQWKHFODVVURRPVXFKKDELWFRXOGEHEURXJKWE\WKHP
LQWRWKHLUODUJHUVSKHUHVRI LQWHUDFWLRQ

([SHULHQWLDOHGXFDWLRQPHDQVOHDUQLQJQRWWKURXJKGLGDFWLFPHDQV
EXWWKURXJKWKHSURFHVVLQJRI RQH·VH[SHULHQFHIURPDFWLYLWLHVLQLWLDWHG
LQWKHFODVVURRP+HQFHOHFWXUHVDUHNHSWWRDPLQLPXP/HDUQHUVEXLOG
LGHDVDQGIRUPWKHLURZQFRQFHSWVIURPWKHH[SHULHQFHRUDFWLYLW\WKH\
ZHQWWKURXJK,QHGXFDWLRQDOSV\FKRORJ\WKLVDSSURDFKLVFORVHWRWKH
FRQVWUXFWLYLVWDSSURDFK&RQVWUXFWLYLVWWHDFKHUVDUHÁH[LEOHDQGSURFHVV
RULHQWHG7KH\DOORZVSDFHIRUFKDQJH$FRQVWUXFWLYLVWFODVVURRPZLOO
KHOSGHYHORSKXPDQVZKRDUHVNLOOHGLQGHYHORSLQJQHZSDUDGLJPV2XU


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

ZRUOGQHHGVQHZZD\VRI WKLQNLQJDQGQHZSURFHVVHVWRFKDOOHQJHWKH
V\VWHPVWKDWEUHHGYLROHQFHDQGFRQÁLFWV

&DUO5RJHUVDQG$EUDKDP0DVORZDUHSURSRQHQWVRI DW\SHRI HGX


FDWLRQ WKDW LV KXPDQLVW $ KXPDQLVW FODVVURRP HPSKDVL]HV WKH VRFLDO
SHUVRQDO DQG DIIHFWLYH JURZWK RI  WKH OHDUQHUV ,Q D KXPDQLVWLF FODVV
URRPLQGLYLGXDOVDUHDFFHSWHGIRUZKDWWKH\DUH,WGHYHORSVWKHQRWLRQV
RI WKHVHOI WRSURPRWHDVHQVHRI VHOIHVWHHP,WVHQGVWKHPHVVDJHWKDW
DOODUHYDOXDEOHDQGJLIWHG0FJLQQLV  VD\VWKDW´ZLWKRXWDSRVLWLYH
VHOIFRQFHSWRUVHOILPDJHQRRQHWDNHVDVWDQG¶JRHVSXEOLF·RUZRUNV
IRUFKDQJHµ+HDOVRSRVLWVWKDWWKHPRUHDZDUHZHDUHRI RXUJLIWHGQHVV
WKHPRUHZLOOLQJZHEHFRPHWRVKDUHRXUJLIWVZLWKRWKHUV7HDFKHUVLQ
DKXPDQLVWFODVVURRPDUHHPSDWKHWLFDQGDIÀUPLQJ7KH\VKRZLQWHU
HVW DQG FRQFHUQ IRU WKH ZHOOEHLQJ RI  WKHLU VWXGHQWV 7KH\ HQFRXUDJH
LQWKHFODVVURRPFDUHDQGUHVSHFWIRUHDFKRWKHU7KH\DOVRHQFRXUDJH
VHQVLWLYLW\WRGLYHUVLW\LQWKHFODVVURRP6XFKDSSURDFKZLOOKHOSEUHHGLQ
OHDUQHUVWKHVHHGVRI ORYHDQGFRPSDVVLRQYDOXHVWKDWDUHQHFHVVDU\LQ
EXLOGLQJDSHDFHDEOHVRFLHW\

7KHUHDUHPDQ\WHDFKLQJOHDUQLQJVWUDWHJLHVWKDWDUHFRPSDWLEOHZLWK
WKHDSSURDFKHVWRSHDFHHGXFDWLRQGHVFULEHGDERYH7KH\DUHDVIROORZV

'LVFXVVLRQ

7KHVPDOOJURXSGLVFXVVLRQLVDVWUDWHJ\WKDWLVXVHGWRHQDEOHWKH
LQGLYLGXDOSDUWLFLSDQW·VYRLFHWREHKHDUG7REHPRVWHIIHFWLYHDGLVFXV
VLRQKDVWREHEDVHGRQIDFWXDOLQIRUPDWLRQDQGJRRGWKRXJKWRXWLGHDV

3DLU6KDUH

,W LV D GLVFXVVLRQ WHFKQLTXH ZKHUH SDUWQHU JURXSV DUH IRUPHG )D
FLOLWDWRUSRVHVDTXHVWLRQRUWRSLFIRUGLVFXVVLRQ3HUVRQ$UHVSRQGVWR
WKHTXHVWLRQXQLQWHUUXSWHGZKLOH%OLVWHQV$IWHUDJLYHQWLPHSDUWQHUV
UHYHUVH UROHV /DWHU $ UHODWHV WR WKH FODVV WKH SRLQWV % H[SUHVVHG DQG
YLFHYHUVD,WLVDJRRGH[HUFLVHWRLPSURYHOLVWHQLQJVNLOOV


Teaching-Learning Approaches and Strategies in Peace Education

9LVXDOL]DWLRQ,PDJLQDWLRQ([HUFLVH

7KHYLVXDOL]DWLRQH[HUFLVHKHOSVWKHSDUWLFLSDQWVWRXVHWKHLULPDJLQD
WLRQ,WDOORZVWKHPWRLPDJLQHDOWHUQDWLYHVWRIRUH[DPSOHVLWXDWLRQV
RI  FRQÁLFW,W FKDOOHQJHV OHDUQHUV WR ´SURSRVHµ VROXWLRQV DQG QRW MXVW
´H[SRVHµDQG´RSSRVHµSUREOHPDWLFVLWXDWLRQV

3HUVSHFWLYHWDNLQJ
,QWKLVVWUDWHJ\OHDUQHUVDUHDVNHGWRXQGHUVWDQGDQGDSSUHFLDWHZKHUH
WKHRWKHUSHUVRQLVFRPLQJIURP,WLVDVNLOOXVHGLQSUREOHPVROYLQJ
7KLVHQWDLOV´VWDQGLQJLQWKHVKRHRI WKHRWKHUDQGZDONLQJLQWKHPIRU
DZKLOHµ /HH 7KLVGHYLFHLVRIWHQXVHGWRGHYHORSHPSDWK\DQG
WROHUDQFH

5ROHSOD\LQJ
7KLVVWUDWHJ\LVXVHGWRSURYLGHWKHSDUWLFLSDQWVZLWKWKHRSSRUWXQLW\
WR´IHHOµWKHVLWXDWLRQUDWKHUWKDQPHUHO\LQWHOOHFWXDOL]HDERXWLW5ROH
SOD\LQJDOVRGHYHORSVHPSDWK\DQGJUHDWHUXQGHUVWDQGLQJIRURWKHUYDQ
WDJHSRLQWV,WFDQFXOWLYDWHERWKFRJQLWLYHDQGDIIHFWLYHOHDUQLQJ

6LPXODWLRQ*DPHV
6LPXODWLQJ VLWXDWLRQV RI  YLROHQFH IRU LQVWDQFH DOORZV OHDUQHUV WR
KDYHDEHWWHUIHHORI WKHVLWXDWLRQRI SHDFHOHVVQHVVDQGDOORZVWKHPWR
EHPRUHFUHDWLYHLQVXJJHVWLQJDOWHUQDWLYHVWRWKHVLWXDWLRQRI LQMXVWLFH
$QH[DPSOHLVWKHVLPXODWLRQRQWKHGLVWULEXWLRQRI ZHDOWKLQ´6KDULQJ
WKH(DUWK·V5HVRXUFHVµ

3UREOHPVROYLQJ
3UREOHPVROYLQJLVRQHRI WKHPRVWYDOXDEOHOHDUQLQJVWUDWHJLHV,W
HQDEOHVWKHSHUVRQWRXVHRWKHUYDOXDEOHFRJQLWLYHVNLOOVVXFKDVDQDO\]
LQJJHQHUDWLQJRSWLRQVDQGHYDOXDWLQJRSWLRQV

&RQVLGHULQJSRVLWLRQV,VVXH3ROO
7KLVDFWLYLW\LVXVHGWRVXUIDFHWKHGLIIHULQJSRVLWLRQVRI SDUWLFLSDQWV


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

WRDFRQWURYHUVLDOVWDWHPHQWDVLQWKHFDVHRI WKHVWDWHPHQW´:KHWKHU
ZHOLNHLWRUQRWZDUVZLOOKDSSHQLQWKHIXWXUHµ7KHUHFDQEHDWOHDVW
WKUHHSRVLWLRQVYLVjYLVFRQWURYHUVLDOVWDWHPHQWVDJUHHQRWVXUHQHX
WUDOGLVDJUHH

(QFRXUDJLQJDFWLRQ
:KHQHYHUDSSURSULDWHWKHSDUWLFLSDQWVDUHDVNHGWRH[SUHVVDUHVR
OXWLRQ RU FRPPLWPHQW WR FHUWDLQ DFWLRQV DV D IRUP RI  DSSOLFDWLRQ RI 
OHDUQLQJ V 

5HDGLQJRU:ULWLQJD4XRWDWLRQ
7KHUHDGLQJRI DSHDFHUHODWHGTXRWDWLRQLQWKHEHJLQQLQJRUDWWKH
HQGRI DOHVVRQHQFRXUDJHVOHDUQHUWRWKLQNRUDSSUHFLDWHEHWWHUWKHFRQ
FHSWVOHDUQHGLQWKHVHVVLRQ

:HE&KDUWLQJ
:ULWLQJDZRUGVXFKDV´ZDUµRU´SHDFHµRQWKHERDUGLQWKHEHJLQ
QLQJRI DVHVVLRQDQGLQYLWLQJOHDUQHUVWRZULWHRUGUDZWKHLUDVVRFLDWLRQV
ZLWKWKHZRUGVWLPXODWHWKLQNLQJ,WLVDOVRDJRRGVSULQJERDUGIRUWKH
GLVFXVVLRQRI DSDUWLFXODUSHDFHUHODWHGFRQFHSW

8VHRI )LOPDQG3KRWRJUDSKV
7KHVKRZLQJRI ÀOPDQGRUSKRWRJUDSKVKHOSFUHDWHYLYLGLPDJHVLQ
WKHPLQGVRI WKHOHDUQHUV7KLVFDQEHIROORZHGE\DGLVFXVVLRQRQPHV
VDJHVFRQYH\HGDQGOHDUQHUV·UHDFWLRQV

7HOOLQJ6WRULHVLQFOXGLQJ3HUVRQDO6WRULHV
/HDUQHUV VRPHWLPHV UHPHPEHU WKH FRQFHSWV ZH ZDQW WR VKDUH
WKURXJK RXU DQHFGRWHV DQG VWRULHV 6KDULQJ \RXU SHUVRQDO H[SHULHQFHV
UHODWHGWRWKHLVVXHZLOOKHOSLOOXVWUDWHEHWWHUWKHSRLQWV\RXZDQWWRPDNH
6XFKVWUDWHJ\DOVRKHOSVOHDUQHUVFRQQHFWZLWK\RXRQDPRUHSHUVRQDO
EDVLV


Teaching-Learning Approaches and Strategies in Peace Education

6RQJ3RHP$QDO\VLV
0DQ\ VRQJV DQG SRHPV FRQWDLQ SHDFHUHODWHG PHVVDJHV $OORZLQJ
\RXUVWXGHQWVWROLVWHQWRRUUHDGWKHPLGHQWLI\WKHLUIDYRULWHOLQHVDQG
LQWHUSUHWPHVVDJHVZLOOKHOSWKHPOHDUQWKHYDOXHV\RXZDQWWRLPSDUWLQ
DPRUHFUHDWLYHPDQQHU

6HQWHQFH&RPSOHWLRQ
(QFRXUDJLQJOHDUQHUVWRFRPSOHWHXQÀQLVKHGVHQWHQFHVZLOOKHOS\RX
NQRZZKDWWKRXJKWVDQGIHHOLQJVWKH\PD\KDYHDERXWDSDUWLFXODUWRSLF
7KHVWUDWHJ\PD\DOVREHXVHGWRVROLFLWDFWLRQLGHDVIURPWKHSDUWLFL
SDQWV

-RXUQDO:ULWLQJ,QGLYLGXDO5HÁHFWLRQ
$WWKHHQGRI DVHVVLRQ\RXPD\ZDQWWRLQYLWHSDUWLFLSDQWVWRDQVZHU
RQHRUWZRTXHVWLRQVWKDWZLOODOORZWKHPWRWKLQNRI WKHLUUHVSRQVHV
UHÁHFWLRQVUHDFWLRQVWRDQLVVXHWKDWKDVMXVWEHHQGLVFXVVHG

*R5RXQG
,WLVDVWUDWHJ\ZKHUHWKHRSLQLRQRI HDFKSDUWLFLSDQWLVEULHÁ\VROLF
LWHG

7HDFKDEOH0RPHQWV
,WLVDQRSSRUWXQLW\VHL]HGE\WKHWHDFKHUWRGLVFXVVWKHKRWLVVXHRI 
WKHGD\,WPD\EHDQLVVXHWKDWLVLQWHUQDOWRWKHFODVV HJDQRQJRLQJ
FRQÁLFW 

,QWHUYLHZV5HVHDUFK
/HDUQHUVJHWWKHFKDQFHWRJDWKHULQIRUPDWLRQIURPWKLUGVRXUFHV
$VNLQJVWXGHQWVWRLQWHUYLHZSHDFHDGYRFDWHVIRULQVWDQFHZRXOGKHOS
WKHPDSSUHFLDWHZKDWRWKHUVGRWRKHOSEXLOGDFXOWXUHRI SHDFH

([SHUW5HVRXUFHV
/HDUQHUVDUHH[SRVHGWRWKHLGHDVRI DGYRFDWHVIRUMXVWLFHDQGSHDFH


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

7KHXVHRI DWKLUGSHUVRQLVPRVWKHOSIXOIRUYHU\FRQWURYHUVLDOWRSLFV

5HFLSURFDO7HDFKLQJ
6WXGHQWVWDNHWXUQLQIDFLOLWDWLQJ´:KDWZHKHDUZHXVXDOO\IRUJHW
ZKDWZHVHHZHXVXDOO\UHPHPEHUEXWZKDWZHGRZHEHWWHUXQGHU
VWDQGµ:KHQJLYHQDFKDQFHWRWHDFKWKHVXEMHFWPDWWHUVWXGHQWVDUH
JLYHQWKHFKDQFHWRFRPSUHKHQGEHWWHUWKHFRQFHSWVYDOXHVDQGVNLOOV
ZHZDQWWRLPSDUW

7ZLQQLQJ
6WXGHQWVPD\SDUWQHUZLWKDQRWKHUSHUVRQIURPDGLIIHUHQWORFDOLW\
YLDHPDLORUUHJXODUPDLOWRGLVFXVVWRSLFVUHODWHGWRSHDFH

'LDORJXHV
6WXGHQWVDUHJLYHQWKHRSSRUWXQLW\WRFRQYHUVHUDWKHUWKDQGHEDWH
DERXW SUREOHPDWLF LVVXHV ,Q GHEDWHV WKH JRDO LV WR SURYH HDFK RWKHU
ZURQJ 'LDORJXHV RQ WKH RWKHU KDQG DUH RFFDVLRQV WR ÀQG FRPPRQ
JURXQGV

([SRVXUH7ULSV
6WXGHQWVDUHJLYHQWKHRSSRUWXQLW\WREHWRXFKHGE\YLFWLPVRI LQ
MXVWLFH6HHLQJKHDULQJDQGHQFRXQWHULQJDYLFWLPRI YLROHQFHLVPRUH
SRZHUIXO LQ GHYHORSLQJ HPSDWK\ DQG FRPSDVVLRQ DPRQJ WKH OHDUQHUV
&RQWDFWRSSRUWXQLWLHVDOVRPRWLYDWHEHWWHULQSURGGLQJVWXGHQWVWRDF
WLRQ

8VHRI JOREHVDQGPDSV
$FRQVWDQWVKRZRI WKHVHGHYLFHVZLOOUHPLQGOHDUQHUVWKDWWKHUHDUH
SHRSOHIURPRWKHUFRXQWULHVWRFDUHIRUDQGEHFRQFHUQHGDERXWRWKHU
WKDQRQH·VRZQ

%UDLQVWRUPLQJ
,WLVDPHWKRGWKDWKHOSVSHRSOHWKLQNFUHDWLYHO\E\OHWWLQJPDQ\LGHDV
ÁRZ IURP WKH VWXGHQWV ZLWKRXW DQ\ FRPPHQW IURP WKH RWKHUV 7KLV


Teaching-Learning Approaches and Strategies in Peace Education

VWUDWHJ\FDQEHXVHIXOLQJHQHUDWLQJPDQ\GLIIHUHQWVROXWLRQVRUDOWHU
QDWLYHV(YDOXDWLRQRI WKHLGHDVLVGRQHDIWHUWKHEUDLQVWRUPLQJ

5HDGLQJTXRWDWLRQV
3HDFH DFWLYLVWV UHOLJLRXV OHDGHUV LQGLJHQRXV FRPPXQLW\ OHDGHUV
DQGSKLORVRSKHUVKDYHVDLGZRUGVRI ZLVGRPDQGLQVSLUDWLRQWKDWUH
ODWHWRSHDFH/HW\RXUVWXGHQWVSRQGHURQWKHVHTXRWDWLRQVDQGVSHDN
DERXWWKHLPSDFWRI WKHVHLGHDVRQWKHP

8VHRI &KDUWVDQG*UDSKV
6WDWLVWLFVGRQRWKDYHDQLPSDFWRQVWXGHQWVLQWKHVDPHZD\WKDW
FRQWDFWZLWKYLFWLPVRI LQMXVWLFHGRHVEXWVWDWLVWLFVVWLOOKHOSLQJLYLQJ
OHDUQHUV DQ LGHD RI  WKH H[WHQW DQG PDJQLWXGH RI  SUREOHPV LQ VRFL
HW\7KH+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW5HSRUWDQDQQXDOSXEOLFDWLRQRI WKH
81'3LVDULFKUHVRXUFHIRUIDFWVDQGÀJXUHV

&DVH6WXGLHV
7KLVVWUDWHJ\JLYHVWKHVWXGHQWVDQRSSRUWXQLW\WRNQRZUHDOOLIH
VLWXDWLRQVRI YLROHQFHRULQMXVWLFH&DVHVWXGLHVDUHVWRULHVRUVFHQDULRV
WKDWUHTXLUHDQDO\VLVDQGLQYLWHVROXWLRQV6WXGHQWVDUHSXWLQWKHSRVL
WLRQRI SUREOHPVROYHUVZKRGLVFRYHUXQGHUO\LQJLVVXHVSRVLWLRQVDQG
LQWHUHVWV

&ROODJHPDNLQJ
$FROODJHLVDFROOHFWLRQRI SKRWRVIURPYDULRXVVRXUFHVWKDWDUH
SXWWRJHWKHUWRPDNHDZKROH$VNLQJVWXGHQWVWRPDNHDFROODJHRQLV
VXHVWKDWUHODWHWRSHDFHZLOOKHOSWKHPXQGHUVWDQGWKRVHLVVXHVEHWWHU

6KRZDQG7HOO
7KLVVWUDWHJ\JLYHVWKHVWXGHQWDQRSSRUWXQLW\WRH[SODLQDFRQFHSW
WRKLVKHUFODVVPDWHVZLWKPDWFKLQJYLVXDODLGVDQGLVSUHPLVHGRQ
WKHEHOLHI WKDWLI RQHFDQH[SODLQDFRQFHSWZHOOWRVRPHRQHHOVHWKLV
SHUVRQZLWKRXWGRXEWXQGHUVWDQGVWKHFRQFHSW


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

7KHVHDSSURDFKHVDQGVWUDWHJLHVDUHLPSRUWDQWWRROVWRZDUGWKHGH
YHORSPHQWRI WKHVWXGHQWV·LQWHOOHFWDWWLWXGHVDQGVSLULWWKDWWKH\PD\
EH LQVSLUHG WR ZRUN IRU SHDFH ,Q GHFLGLQJ ZKDW DSSURDFK RU VWUDWHJ\
WRWDNHWKHSDUWLFXODUOHVVRQVHVVLRQREMHFWLYHVKDYHWREHFRQVLGHUHG
:KLFKVWUDWHJLHVZRXOGEHPRVWDSSURSULDWHDQGHIIHFWLYHLQDFKLHYLQJ
WKHODWWHU"

$VZHXVHWKHIRUHJRLQJWRROVOHWXVDOZD\VEHPLQGIXORI RXUJRDO
ZKLFKLVWRIDFLOLWDWHOHDUQLQJWKDWLVKROLVWLFSDUWLFLSDWRU\FROODERUDWLYH
H[SHULHQWLDODQGKXPDQLVW


Teaching-Learning Approaches and Strategies in Peace Education


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

Šƒ’–‡”ͳͷ

$WWULEXWHVRI D3HDFH
(GXFDWRU

7
KHSKUDVH´WKHPHGLXPLVWKHPHVVDJHµXVHGLQDVFKRROVHW
WLQJVXJJHVWVWRXVWKDWWHDFKHUVKDYHWKHSRZHUWRDIIHFWWKH
OLYHVRI FKLOGUHQDQG\RXWK6WXGHQWVRIWHQUHPHPEHUWKHLQIRU
PDODQG´KLGGHQµOHVVRQVQRWIURPWKHRYHUWRUVWDWHGFXUULFXOXPEXW
IURPWKHDWWLWXGHVYDOXHVDQGDFWLRQVRI WKHWHDFKHUVWKHPVHOYHVZLWKLQ
DQGRXWVLGHRI WKHFODVVURRP:HQRZNQRZWKDWWREHPRUHHIIHFWLYH
WKHPHGLXPPXVWPDWFKWKHPHVVDJH

,QGHHGSHDFHHGXFDWRUVPXVWVHUYHDVPRGHOVIRUWKHTXDOLWLHVDQG
VNLOOVWKH\DUHKHOSLQJ\RXQJSHRSOHWRGHYHORSLQWKHSHDFHDEOHFODVV
URRPDQGVFKRRO7KLVPHDQVÀUVWDQGIRUHPRVWWKDWWKHUHLVDQHHGIRU
WHDFKHUVWRWDNHWKHFKDOOHQJHRI SHUVRQDOWUDQVIRUPDWLRQVRWKDWWKH\
FDQEHFUHGLEOHDJHQWVRI WKHSHDFHPHVVDJH/DQWLHULDQG3DWWL  
UHPLQG XV WKDW DV WHDFKHUV ZH KDYH WR WUDQVIRUP RXUVHOYHV EHIRUH ZH
FDQH[SHFWWRVHHFKDQJHVLQWKHOHDUQHUV)RULQVWDQFHLQRUGHUWRKHOS
\RXQJSHRSOHFRQIURQWWKHLUSUHMXGLFHVZHKDYHWRFRQIURQWRXURZQ
DQGFRPPLWWRFKDQJLQJRXUQHJDWLYHDWWLWXGHV

:KDWDWWULEXWHVFDSDFLWLHVDQGVNLOOVPXVWDWHDFKHURI SHDFHGHYHORSWR
HQDEOHKHUKLPWREHDQHIIHFWLYHPHGLXPRI WKHSHDFHPHVVDJH"7KH
IROORZLQJDWWULEXWHVDUHFXOOHGIURPWKHZRUNRI %HWW\5HDUGRQ  D
JOREDOO\UHQRZQHGSHDFHHGXFDWRU


Attributes of a Peace Educator

‡ 7KH WHDFKHU RI  SHDFH LV D UHVSRQVLEOH JOREDO FLWL]HQ DQ LQWHQ


WLRQDODJHQWRI DFXOWXUHRI SHDFHDSHUVRQRI YLVLRQFDSDEOHRI 
KRSHDQGWKHLPDJLQJRI SRVLWLYHFKDQJH6KHXQGHUVWDQGVWKDW
HGXFDWLRQVKRXOGEHDPHDQVWRZDUGFRQVWUXFWLYHFKDQJH

‡ 6KHLVPRWLYDWHGE\VHUYLFHDQGLVDFWLYHO\LQYROYHGLQWKHFRP
PXQLW\$WHDFKHURI SHDFHVHHVKLPVHOIKHUVHOI DVDSHUVRQUHV
SRQVLEOHWRVRFLHW\

‡ 6KHLVDOLIHORQJOHDUQHURQHZKRFRQWLQXHVWRLPSURYHRQH·V
RZQOHDUQLQJDELOLWLHVDQGWRNHHSDEUHDVWRI WKHÀHOG

‡ 6KH LV ERWK D WUDQVPLWWHU DQG WUDQVIRUPHU RI  FXOWXUHV :KLOH


WUDQVPLWWLQJRQH·VWUDGLWLRQDOFXOWXUHWKHWHDFKHUDOVRKDVWREH
FULWLFDODQGUHÁHFWLYHVRVKHFDQDOVREHDQHIIHFWLYHDJHQWRI 
VRFLDODQGFXOWXUDOWUDQVIRUPDWLRQ

‡ 6KHLVDVHHNHURI PXWXDOO\HQKDQFLQJUHODWLRQVKLSVWKDWQXUWXUH
SHDFHDQGDVHQVHRI FRPPXQLW\)RUH[DPSOHUHVSHFWIRUKX
PDQGLJQLW\DQGKXPDQULJKWVVKRXOGJXLGHWHDFKHUVWXGHQWUHOD
WLRQVKLSVDQGWKHOHDUQLQJSURFHVVHV

‡ 6KHLVJHQGHUVHQVLWLYHDQGDOHUWWRDQ\SRVVLELOLW\RI JHQGHUELDV
LQVHOI RUVWXGHQWV6KHKHOSVERWKPDOHDQGIHPDOHOHDUQHUVWR
IRUPSRVLWLYHLGHQWLÀFDWLRQIRUWKHPVHOYHVDQGWRGHYHORSJHQGHU
VHQVLWLYLW\DQGJHQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\WRZDUGRWKHUV

‡ $WHDFKHURI SHDFHLVFRQVWUXFWLYHO\FULWLFDO6KHRIIHUVFULWLFLVP
QRWWRZRXQGRUKDUPEXWWRHOLFLWFRQVWUXFWLYHFKDQJH

‡ $WHDFKHURI SHDFHLQWHQWLRQDOO\GHYHORSVWKHFDSDFLW\WRFDUHE\
NQRZLQJWKHOHDUQHUVLQWKHLUFKDUJHDVLQGLYLGXDOV7KLVHQDEOHV
WKH WHDFKHU WR UHVSRQG WR WKH GLIIHUHQFHV LQ VWXGHQWV· OHDUQLQJ
VW\OHVDVSRVLWLYHO\DVVKHLVH[SHFWHGWRUHVSRQGWRRWKHUKXPDQ
GLIIHUHQFHV7KHVNLOORI FDULQJLVLQWHJUDOWRWKHSHDFHHGXFDWLRQ


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

SURFHVV &DULQJ DQG VXSSRUWLYH EHKDYLRU IURP WHDFKHUV OHWV WKH


VWXGHQWVNQRZWKH\DUHYDOXHG
‡ 6KH LV DQ LQTXLUHU 6KH SRVHV LQVWUXFWLYH TXHVWLRQV LQWR WKH
FRQGLWLRQVWKDWLPSHGHDQGWKRVHWKDWHQKDQFHSRVVLELOLWLHVIRU
DFKLHYLQJ D FXOWXUH RI  SHDFH 7R EH DEOH WR FRQGXFW DQ LQTXLU\
LQWRWKHPDQ\LVVXHVDQGJRDOVRI SHDFHHGXFDWLRQDWHDFKHURI 
SHDFH QHHGV WKH VNLOOV RI  HOLFLWDWLRQ WR GUDZ IURP WKH VWXGHQWV
WKHLURZQYLVLRQVDQGLGHDVWRPDNHWKHPGHOYHGHHSHULQWRWKHLU
RZQ NQRZOHGJH DQG LPDJLQDWLRQ DQG WR VHHN QHZ NQRZOHGJH
7KH WHDFKHU WKHQ LV PRUH D UDLVHU RI  TXHVWLRQV WKDQ D JLYHU RI 
DQVZHUV
‡ 6KHKDVWKHVNLOOVRI UHÁHFWLYHOHDUQLQJWKURXJKZKLFKVKHDS
SOLHVZKDWLVOHDUQHGIURPWHDFKLQJWRGHHSHQKLVKHURZQXQGHU
VWDQGLQJRI WKHVWXGHQWVDQGWKHOHDUQLQJSURFHVVHV7KLVLQFOXGHV
UHÁHFWLRQRQRUDVVHVVPHQWRI RQH·VRZQDELOLWLHVE\SRVLQJVRPH
IXQGDPHQWDOTXHVWLRQVVXFKDV+RZHIIHFWLYHDUHRXUWHDFKLQJ
OHDUQLQJLQWHUDFWLRQVLQDFKLHYLQJRXUJRDOV":KDWLQGLFDWRUVGR
,KDYHWKDWVWXGHQWVDUHÀQGLQJVDWLVIDFWLRQDQGPHDQLQJLQWKHLU
OHDUQLQJ"
‡ $WHDFKHURI SHDFHKDVWKHVNLOOVRI FRPPXQLFDWLRQDQGFRQÁLFW
UHVROXWLRQ7KHVHDUHHVVHQWLDOVNLOOVIRUEXLOGLQJFRPPXQLW\DQG
SHDFHPDNLQJ 7KHVHVNLOOVDUHH[SODLQHGLQDQHDUOLHUFKDSWHU
‡ 6KHSUDFWLFHVFRRSHUDWLYHOHDUQLQJE\HQFRXUDJLQJFRRSHUDWLYH
OHDUQLQJWDVNVDQGGLVFRXUDJLQJQHJDWLYHFRPSHWLWLRQRULQJURXS
RXWJURXSEHKDYLRU H[FOXVLRQ DPRQJVWXGHQWV
‡ $WHDFKHURI SHDFHLQVSLUHVXQGHUVWDQGLQJRI DOWHUQDWLYHSRVVLELO
LWLHVIRUWKHIXWXUHDQGIRUDFXOWXUHRI SHDFH6KHKHOSVVWXGHQWV
WRSODQDQGDFWWRDFKLHYHVXFKDFXOWXUH7KHFRUHTXHVWLRQVV
KHDVNVDUH:KDWNLQGRI ZRUOGGRZHZDQW":KDWFKDQJHVQHHG
WREHPDGHWRDFKLHYHLW":KDWDUHRXUVSHFLDOUHVSRQVLELOLWLHVWR
FDUU\RXWWKHWUDQVIRUPDWLRQDOSURFHVV"


Attributes of a Peace Educator

,Q WKH WHDFKHUWUDLQLQJ ZRUNVKRSV WKDW WKH &HQWHU IRU 3HDFH (GX
FDWLRQKDVFRQGXFWHGRYHUWKHODVWVHYHUDO\HDUVLQWKH3KLOLSSLQHVWKH
WHDFKHUSDUWLFLSDQWV ZHUH DVNHG WR LGHQWLI\ WKH DWWULEXWHV RI  VRPHRQH
WKH\KDYHFRQVLGHUHGDVDWHDFKHURI SHDFH7KHTXDOLWLHVWKDWZHUHPRVW
IUHTXHQWO\PHQWLRQHGZHUH

‡ 3DVVLRQDWHIRUSHDFH
‡ &RPSDVVLRQDWHFRQFHUQHGNLQG
‡ &DULQJHQFRXUDJLQJXQGHUVWDQGLQJ
‡ 5HVSHFWVRWKHUSHRSOH
‡ *HQWOHDQGQRQWKUHDWHQLQJ
‡ )DLULPSDUWLDO
‡ +DVIDLWKLQ*RGLQVSLUHGE\KLVKHUVSLULWXDOLW\
‡ )DFLOLWDWRUVRI OHDUQLQJUDWKHUWKDQVRXUFHVRI DXWKRULW\
‡ 7ROHUDQWRSHQUHVSHFWIXORI WKHLGHDVRI RWKHUV
‡ 6HQVLWLYHWRGLYHUVLW\LQWKHFODVVURRPDFFHSWVOHDUQHUVDVWKH\DUH
‡ 2SHQWRVKDULQJUHOHYDQWSHUVRQDOVWRULHV
‡ 6NLOOHGLQHOLFLWLQJWKRXJKWVDQGSRVLQJUHÁHFWLYHTXHVWLRQV
‡ 0RWLYDWHGHQWKXVLDVWLFLQVSLULQJ
‡ -R\IXOQRWZDQWLQJLQKXPRU
‡ %HDUHUVRI KRSHUDWKHUWKDQGHVSDLU
‡ 0RGHOVRI EHKDYLRUDQGDWWLWXGHVWKDWWKH\WHDFK
)URPWKHIRUHJRLQJGLVFXVVLRQRQWKHDWWULEXWHVRI DSHDFHWHDFKHU
ZH FDQ JOHDQ PDQ\ VLPLODULWLHV EHWZHHQ WKRVH WKDW DUH JLYHQ E\ %HWW\
5HDUGRQDQH[SHUWDQGH[SHULHQFHGSHDFHHGXFDWRUDQG)LOLSLQRWHDFK
HUVZKRDUHMXVWEHJLQQLQJLQWKHLUSHDFHHGXFDWLRQMRXUQH\,WLQGLFDWHV
WKDWDOWKRXJKZHPD\KDYHGLIIHUHQWEDFNJURXQGVWKHUHDUHSULQFLSOHV
DQGYDOXHVWKDWZHKROGLQFRPPRQZKHQFRQFHSWXDOL]LQJWKHDWWULEXWHV
RI DSHDFHWHDFKHU

,WLVQRWDEOHKRZ)LOLSLQRWHDFKHUVKDYHRIWHQUHIHUUHGWRVRPHRQH
´ZKRKDVIDLWKLQ*RGµRU´ZKRLVLQVSLUHGE\KHUKLVVSLULWXDOWUDGL
WLRQµDVDQDWWULEXWHRI DSHDFHWHDFKHU7KHUHLVDOVRDSUHSRQGHUDQFHRI 


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

SHUVRQDOTXDOLWLHVOLVWHGE\)LOLSLQRWHDFKHUV7KHVHIHDWXUHVDUHLQGLFD
WLYHRI WKHFXOWXUHZLWKLQZKLFKWKH)LOLSLQRWHDFKHUVOLYH'HVSLWHPDQ\
GLIÀFXOWLHVDQGFKDOOHQJHV)LOLSLQRVJHQHUDOO\NHHSDKRSHIXOGLVSRVLWLRQ
DQFKRUHGLQWKHLUWUXVWLQ*RG7KH\DOVRKLJKO\YDOXHLQWHUSHUVRQDOUH
ODWLRQVKLSV

7KH DWWULEXWHV WKDW ZH KDYH LQFOXGHG LQ WKLV HVVD\ DUH QHLWKHU H[
KDXVWLYHQRUGHÀQLWLYH7KHOLVWFDQDQGZLOOJURZDVRWKHUJURXSVGHOYH
GHHSHULQWRWKHLURZQFRQFHSWVRI SHDFHSHDFHHGXFDWLRQDQGDSHDFH
WHDFKHU

7KH LPSRUWDQW WKLQJ IRU XV WR UHPHPEHU DV PHQWLRQHG ZKHQ ZH
VWDUWHGWKLVFKDSWHULVWKDWLWLVEHVWWKDWZHEHJLQRXUMRXUQH\DVDSHDFH
HGXFDWRUZLWKRXURZQSHUVRQDORULQQHUWUDQVIRUPDWLRQ$VZHPDQL
IHVWWKHDWWULEXWHVFDSDFLWLHVDQGVNLOOVWKDWPDUNDWHDFKHURI SHDFHZH
ZLOOÀQGWKDWWKH\RXQJSHRSOHLQRXUFDUHZLOODOVROHDUQWKHVNLOOVDQG
EHKDYLRUVPRGHOHGE\XV6XUHO\WKHUHDUHRWKHULQÁXHQFHVLQWKHLUOLYHV
DQGWKHUHDUHWLPHVZKHQSHUKDSV ZHIHHOWKDWWHDFKHUPRGHOLQJGRHV
QRWZRUNEXWWKHSURVSHFWRI QRWGRLQJZKDWZHSUHDFKLVGHÀQLWHO\QRW
DEHWWHURSWLRQ<RXQJSHRSOHDUHSDUWLFXODUO\LQVHDUFKRI WHDFKHUVZKR
KDYHLQWHJULW\DQGFUHGLELOLW\2QWKLVZHFDQRQO\DJUHHZLWK0DKDWPD
*DQGKLZKHQKHVDLG´%HWKHFKDQJHWKDW\RXZLVKWRVHHLQWKHZRUOGµ



PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

Šƒ’–‡”ͳ͸

$:KROH6FKRRO$SSURDFK

,
Q WKH SUHYLRXV FKDSWHUV ZH KDYH GLVFXVVHG KRZ WHDFKHUV DQG LQ
GLYLGXDO FODVVURRPV FDQ FRQWULEXWH WRZDUGV EXLOGLQJ D FXOWXUH RI 
SHDFH:HQRZWXUQRXUDWWHQWLRQWRKRZWKH\FDQEHVXSSRUWHGE\
DSHDFHDEOHVFKRRO

7REHPRUHHIIHFWLYHLQLQIXVLQJSHDFHLGHDVSHUVSHFWLYHVDQGYDOXHV
LQWRWKHOLIHRI WKHZKROHVFKRRODQGHYHQEH\RQGLWLVVXJJHVWHGWKDW
DZKROHVFKRRODSSURDFKEHDGRSWHG,QDZKROHVFKRRODSSURDFKZH
WU\WRHQJDJHDOOWKHOHDUQLQJDUHDVDOOWKHPHPEHUVRI WKHVFKRROFRP
PXQLW\ VWXGHQWVIDFXOW\VWDII DQGWKHZLGHUFRPPXQLW\7KHDSSURDFK
DOVRLQFOXGHVRWKHUDVSHFWVRI VFKRROOLIHVXFKDVWHDFKLQJSUDFWLFHVDQG
PHWKRGVVWXGHQWDFWLYLWLHVDGPLQLVWUDWLYHSROLFLHVVFKRROVWUXFWXUHVDQG
UHODWLRQVKLSVDVZHOODVVRFLDODFWLRQIRUDQGZLWKWKHODUJHUFRPPXQLW\

$ZKROHVFKRRODSSURDFKLVLPSRUWDQWEHFDXVHWKHFRQVLVWHQWSHDFH
PHVVDJHVDQGYDOXHVIRXQGLQWKHYDULRXVDVSHFWVRI WKHVFKRRODQGFRP
PXQLW\ ZLOO IDFLOLWDWH DQG UHLQIRUFH WKH LQWHQGHG OHDUQLQJV 7KH VRFLDO
SROLWLFDODQGHFRQRPLFFRQWH[WZLWKLQZKLFKWKHVFKRROÀQGVLWVHOI PD\
QRWEHFRQGXFLYHDQGVXSSRUWLYHRI WKHVFKRRO·VYLVLRQPLVVLRQEXWLWLV
SUHFLVHO\WKHFKDOOHQJHWKDWDSHDFHDEOHVFKRROPXVWDGGUHVV7KHSHDFH
DEOHVFKRROPXVWEHSUHSDUHGWREHD´FRXQWHUFXOWXUHµWRWKHGRPLQDQW
SDUDGLJPDQGEHDQLQLWLDWRUDQGIDFLOLWDWRURI QHHGHGWUDQVIRUPDWLRQ
6XUHO\WKLVLVDORQJWHUPDQGDUGXRXVSURFHVVEXWLWLVDFKDOOHQJHWKDW
QHHGVWREHSXUVXHG


A Whole School Approach

/HWPHGHVFULEHWKHIUDPHZRUNWKDWDVFKRROLQWKH3KLOLSSLQHVKDVDG
RSWHGLQLWVDWWHPSWWRXVHDZKROHVFKRRODSSURDFK7KH)LJXUHEHORZ
SUHVHQWVDGLDJUDPWKDW0LULDP&ROOHJHXVHVWRJXLGHLW)RXQGHGLQ
E\WKH0DU\NQROO6LVWHUV0LULDP&ROOHJHLVQRZDOD\UXQDFDGHPLFLQVWL
WXWLRQWKDWKDVDVWXGHQWSRSXODWLRQWKDWUDQJHVIURPSUHHOHPHQWDU\WR
JUDGXDWHVFKRROVWXGHQWV

&ŝŐƵƌĞϭϲ͘ϭ͗tŚŽůĞ^ĐŚŽŽůƉƉƌŽĐŚ

3HDFH(GXFDWLRQDW0LULDP&ROOHJH
7KH9LVLRQ0LVVLRQ6WDWHPHQW 906 RI 0LULDP&ROOHJHLVH[SOLFLW
LQLWVDVSLUDWLRQWRGHYHORSSHUVRQVZKR´ZRUNIRUSHDFHWKDWLVEDVHGRQ
MXVWLFHDQGFRQWULEXWHWRWKHRQHQHVVRI WKHKXPDQIDPLO\µ7KHVFKRRO·V
906LQVSLUHGWKHFROOHJHWRDGRSWSHDFHHGXFDWLRQDVRQHRI LWVWKUXVWV
7KHVFKRRO·VPRWWR´0LULDPSDUDVD.DSD\DSDDQ.DWDUXQJDQDW.D


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

OLNDVDQµ 0LULDPIRU3HDFH-XVWLFHDQGWKH(QYLURQPHQW PLUURUVWKH


FRPSUHKHQVLYHPHDQLQJRI SHDFHPHQWLRQHGHDUOLHULQWKLVERRN7KH
906DQGWKHPRWWRUHÁHFWWKHSKLORVRSK\RI WKHVFKRRO,WLVDSKLORVR
SK\DQFKRUHGRQWKHSULQFLSOHRI ORYHZKLFKLVWKHLQVSLUDWLRQRI MXVWLFH
DQGZKLFKLQWXUQOHDGVWRSHDFH7KHSKLORVRSK\LVDOVREDVHGRQWKH
SULQFLSOHRI UHVSHFWIRUKXPDQGLJQLW\DQGFDUHIRU0RWKHU(DUWK

,QWKHVFKRROFRPPXQLW\FRPPLWWHGLWVHOI WREHLQJD=RQHRI 
3HDFH$VWKH=RQHRI 3HDFH'HFODUDWLRQVWDWHVWKHFRPPXQLW\VWULYHV
WRSURPRWHFDULQJUHODWLRQVKLSVFRRSHUDWLRQQRQYLROHQWFRQÁLFWUHVROX
WLRQDVLPSOHOLIHVW\OHDQGDFWLYLWLHVRI SHDFHDQGVRFLDOFRQFHUQ

0LULDP&ROOHJHUHFRJQL]HVWKDWWREHDEOHWRSURPRWHSHDFHHGXFD
WLRQPRUHHIIHFWLYHO\LWLVEHWWHUWRZRUNIRUD´ZKROHVFKRRODSSURDFKµ
7KLVWRWDOVFKRRODSSURDFKLQYROYHVWKUHHDUHDVRI LQVWLWXWLRQDOFRQFHUQ
7KHYLVLRQPLVVLRQDQGJRDOVRI WKHLQVWLWXWLRQWKHFRQWHQWRI HGXFD
WLRQHGXFDWLRQDOSURFHVVHVDQGRWKHUVFKRROH[SHULHQFHVERWKRYHUWDQG
´KLGGHQµDQGWKHVWUXFWXUHVDQGUHODWLRQVKLSVRSHUDWLQJLQWKHLQVWLWX
WLRQ

+HQFH0LULDP&ROOHJHKDVEHHQVWULYLQJWRSURPRWHSHDFHHGXFDWLRQ
LQWKHYDULRXVDUHDVRI VFKRROOLIH

(IIRUWVWRZDUGD3HDFHDEOH&XUULFXOXP
‡ 3HDFHSHUVSHFWLYHVDQGWKHPHVDUHLQWHJUDWHGDFURVVWKHFXUULFX
OXP
‡ $VSHFLDOSHDFHIRFXVHGFXUULFXOXPDQGWH[WLVXVHGLQWKHJUDGH
VRFLDOVWXGLHVVXEMHFW
‡ $XQLWFROOHJHOHYHOFRXUVH´,QWURGXFWLRQWR3HDFH6WXGLHVµLV
RIIHUHG DV D UHTXLUHG PDMRU FRXUVH LQ WKH ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 6WXGLHV
'HSDUWPHQWDQGLVWDNHQDVDQHOHFWLYHFRXUVHE\RWKHUVWXGHQWV
/LNHZLVHWKHFRXUVH´(GXFDWLRQIRU3HDFH*HQGHU(TXDOLW\DQG


A Whole School Approach

WKH(QYLURQPHQWµLVDUHTXLUHGPDMRUFRXUVHLQWKH&ROOHJHRI 
(GXFDWLRQ
‡ $3HDFH6WXGLHVPLQRULVRQHRI WKHRSWLRQVDYDLODEOHWRWKHXQ
GHUJUDGXDWHVWXGHQWV
‡ $ XQLW FRXUVH FDOOHG 0&  WKDW LQWURGXFHV WKH FRUH YDOXHV
RI  WKH VFKRRO ³ SHDFH VRFLDO MXVWLFH JHQGHU HTXDOLW\ DQG HQ
YLURQPHQWDOFDUH³LVWDNHQE\DOOXQGHUJUDGXDWHDQGJUDGXDWH
VWXGHQWV
‡ 6HVVLRQV RQ 1RQYLROHQW &RQÁLFW 5HVROXWLRQ DUH D SDUW RI  WKH
UHJXODU+LJK6FKRRO&ROOHJHDQG$GXOW(GXFDWLRQKRPHURRP
GHYHORSPHQWSURJUDPVIRUVWXGHQWV

7HDFKLQJ/HDUQLQJ0HWKRGV
‡ 7KHWHDFKHUVSDUWLFXODUO\RI WKHFRXUVHVPHQWLRQHGDERYHVWULYH
WRXVHPHWKRGVWKDWDUHFRRSHUDWLYHSDUWLFLSDWRU\GLDORJLFDODQG
H[SHULHQWLDO 7KH\ FRQVLVW RI  FRRSHUDWLYH OHDUQLQJ DSSURDFKHV
UHÁHFWLRQDQGVKDULQJLPDJLQDWLRQH[HUFLVHVVLPXODWLRQRUUROH
SOD\LQJ IROORZHG E\ GHEULHÀQJ ÀOP RU GRFXPHQWDU\ VKRZLQJ
IROORZHGE\GLVFXVVLRQLQWHUYLHZVRI RXWVLGHUHVRXUFHSHUVRQV
FRQÁLFWUHVROXWLRQH[HUFLVHVXVHRI VWRULHVDQGPXVLFHWF

&RFXUULFXODUDQG6WXGHQW$FWLYLWLHV
‡ 2XWRIFODVVURRPVWXGHQWDFWLYLWLHVDOVRKHOSLQWKHOHDUQLQJDQG
DSSUHFLDWLRQRI SHDFH7KH3D[&KULVWLVWXGHQWRUJDQL]DWLRQVLQ
WKH GLIIHUHQW XQLWV KDYH KHOSHG HQOLYHQ WKHVH DFWLYLWLHV $PRQJ
WKRVHWKDWKDYHEHHQXVHGWRUDLVHSHDFHFRQVFLRXVQHVVDUHH[
KLELWVGXULQJWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO'D\RI 3HDFH 6HSWHPEHU DQG
WKURXJKRXW WKDW ZHHN 3RVWHUPDNLQJ RQ WKHPHV VXFK DV ´1R
:DU7R\VWKLV&KULVWPDVµPDNLQJRI 3HDFH4XLOWVDQGEDQQHUV
SXWWLQJXSRI DQRXWGRRUGLVSOD\FDOOHG´3LQZKHHOVIRU3HDFHµ
PLQLZRUNVKRSV RQ ´9LVLRQV RI  3HDFH $PRQJ 5HOLJLRQVµ DQG


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

´&RQIURQWLQJ*XQ9LROHQFHµSHDFHIRFXVHGOLWXUJLFDODQGSDUD
OLWXUJLFDO VHUYLFHV VRQJIHVWV DQG VWDJH SUHVHQWDWLRQV ([DPSOHV
RI WKHODWWHUDUHWKH*UDGH6FKRRO·VSOD\HQWLWOHG´+RSHIRUWKH
6HHGVµDQGWKH&KLOG6WXG\&HQWHU·VYDOXHODGHQDQQXDOSOD\V
‡ $WZLQQLQJSURMHFWEHWZHHQ0LULDP&ROOHJHZKRVHVWXGHQWVDUH
PRVWO\ &DWKROLF &KULVWLDQV DQG D VFKRRO LQ 0LQGDQDR DWWHQGHG
E\ 0XVOLPV 5DMDK 0XGD +LJK 6FKRRO LQ 3LNLW &RWDEDWR  HQ
DEOHVWKHVWXGHQWVRI ERWKVFKRROVWRNQRZHDFKRWKHUPRUHDQG
KHOSVEUHDNGRZQWKHDJHROGEDUULHUVRI SUHMXGLFH7KHSURMHFW·V
WKHPHLV´%XLOGLQJ%ULGJHVRI 3HDFHµDQGZDVODXQFKHGLQ
7KH DFWLYLWLHV KDYH LQFOXGHG WKH IROORZLQJ H[FKDQJH RI  OHWWHUV
MRLQWWUDLQLQJRQSHDFHHGXFDWLRQEHWZHHQWKHWHDFKHUVDQGWKH
VWXGHQWVSURGXFWLRQRI MRLQWQHZVOHWWHUVDQGPXWXDODVVLVWDQFH
6WXGHQWVIURP5DMDK0XGD+LJK6FKRROKDYHJLYHQSUHVHQWDWLRQV
WR0LULDPVWXGHQWVZKLFKKDYHLQFUHDVHGWKHODWWHU·VXQGHUVWDQG
LQJ RI  WKH 0LQGDQDR FRQÁLFW VLWXDWLRQ ZKLOH 0LULDP VWXGHQWV
SDUHQWVDQGVFKRROHPSOR\HHVKDYHFRRSHUDWHGWRKHOSWKHPPD
WHULDOO\DQGWKURXJKDGYRFDF\
3HDFHUHODWHG0DWHULDOVDQG2WKHU5HVRXUFHV
‡ $VSHFLDOFROOHFWLRQRI ERRNVDQGRWKHUPDWHULDOVRQSHDFHDQG
QRQYLROHQFHLVDYDLODEOHDVDVHSDUDWHVHFWLRQLQWKH&ROOHJH/L
EUDU\7KLVPDNHVWKHFROOHFWLRQYHU\DFFHVVLEOHWRERWKIDFXOW\
DQGVWXGHQWV
‡ 7KH VFKRRO IHDWXUHV LQ LWV RZQ SXEOLFDWLRQV DUWLFOHV UHODWHG WR
SHDFHDQGQRQYLROHQFH
‡ 3HDFHIRFXVHGERRNVKDYHEHHQSURGXFHGVXFKDV7XQJRVD,VDQJ
0DSD\DSDQJ 0XQGR 7RZDUG D 3HDFHIXO :RUOG  DQG &RQÁLFW
5HVROXWLRQDQG3HHU0HGLDWLRQ6RXUFHERRNDVZHOODVUHVHDUFK
EDVHGSDSHUVRQSHDFHWRSLFV
‡ 7KHVFKRROKDVD3HDFH*DUGHQDVSHFLDOUHVRXUFHORFDWHGLQWKH
FDPSXV·0LQL)RUHVW3DUNZKHUHDSHUVRQFDQGHHSHQRQH·VXQ


A Whole School Approach

GHUVWDQGLQJRI WKHPHDQLQJRI SHDFH7KHJDUGHQIHDWXUHVVD\


LQJV RQ SHDFH LQVFULEHG RQ WDEOHWV SODFHG RQ WKH QDWXUDO URFN
IRUPDWLRQVIURP-HVXV6W)UDQFLVRI $VVLVL0DKDWPD*DQGKL
DQG 0RWKHU 7HUHVD 7KH JDUGHQ DOVR IHDWXUHV D 3HDFH 3ROH DQ
LQWHUQDWLRQDOSHDFHV\PEROZLWKRYHUSODQWHGDURXQGWKH
ZRUOG

(QULFKPHQW$FWLYLWLHVIRU$GPLQLVWUDWRUVDQG)DFXOW\
‡ 6HPLQDUVWDONV RQ SHDFH HGXFDWLRQ SHDFH VSLULWXDOLW\ FRQÁLFW
UHVROXWLRQDQGDOWHUQDWLYHVWRYLROHQFHKDYHEHHQKHOG
‡ %HIRUHWKHVWDUWRI WKHVFKRRO\HDUDZRUNVKRSRQSHDFHHGXFD
WLRQLVJLYHQWRDOOWKHQHZO\KLUHGIDFXOW\$VKRUWHURULHQWDWLRQLV
JLYHQWRRWKHUQHZHPSOR\HHV
‡ $SHDFHFRUHJURXSFRQVLVWLQJRI UHSUHVHQWDWLYHVIURPWKHYDUL
RXV XQLWV KDV XQGHUJRQH PRUH LQWHQVLYH VHVVLRQV LQ RUGHU WKDW
WKH\ FDQ VHUYH DV FDWDO\VWV LQ WKHLU XQLWV 7KH\ DUH DOVR VHQW WR
JURZWK RSSRUWXQLWLHV RXWVLGH RI  WKH VFKRRO HJ WR WKH DQQXDO
0LQGDQDR3HDFHEXLOGLQJ,QVWLWXWH

3DUWLFLSDWLYH6WUXFWXUHVDQG&DULQJ5HODWLRQVKLSV
‡ 7KHVFKRROHQFRXUDJHVGHPRFUDWLFSURFHVVHVLQWKHGLVFKDUJHRI 
YDULRXV IXQFWLRQV ZLWKLQ WKH VFKRRO 7KHUH DUH FRPPLWWHHV IRU
YDULRXVSXUSRVHVZLWKUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVIURPWKHIDFXOW\VWXGHQWV
DQG DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ 6RPH FRPPLWWHHV IRUPXODWH SROLFLHV ZKLOH
RWKHUVUHQGHUGHFLVLRQV
‡ 3DUWLFLSDWLRQLVDOVRHQFRXUDJHGLQWKHFKRLFHRI VFKRROOHDGHUV
$Q\ PHPEHU RI  WKH FRPPXQLW\ PD\ QRPLQDWH DGPLQLVWUDWRUV
VXSHUYLVRUVDQGHYHQPHPEHUVRI WKH%RDUGRI 7UXVWHHV7KRVH
ZKRZLVKWRVHUYHLQOHDGHUVKLSSRVLWLRQVDUHDOVRHQFRXUDJHGWR
DSSO\DQGPDNHWKHLULQWHUHVWNQRZQ
‡ ,QFDVHRI FRQÁLFWVWKHUHDUHGHPRFUDWLFSURFHVVHVDYDLODEOHWR


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

KHOSUHVROYHVDLGFRQÁLFWVLQDIDLUPDQQHU HJ)DFXOW\6WXGHQW
$UELWUDWLRQ%RDUG*ULHYDQFH&RPPLWWHH 
‡ 2SSRUWXQLWLHV IRU EXLOGLQJ D VHQVH RI  FRPPXQLW\ DPRQJ WKH
VFKRROPHPEHUVDUHSURYLGHG7KHVHLQFOXGHFHOHEUDWLQJVSHFLDO
GD\VDVRQHELJIDPLO\KROGLQJFRPPXQLW\UHÁHFWLRQVHVVLRQVHV
SHFLDOO\DWFULWLFDOWLPHVVXFKDVZKHQWKHVFKRROKDGWRFKDQJHLWV
QDPHDQGHQFRXUDJLQJRSHQQHVVFRRSHUDWLRQDQGDIÀUPDWLRQ
WRZDUGHDFKRWKHU
‡ $PRUHSHDFHRULHQWHGGLVFLSOLQHSROLF\LVFXUUHQWO\EHLQJZRUNHG
RQDVRI SXEOLFDWLRQWLPH
‡ WR PDNH LW OHVV SXQLVKPHQWRULHQWHG EXW PRUH IRFXVHG RQ WKH
VWXGHQWV·ZHOOEHLQJWKHSULQFLSOHRI IUHHGRPZLWKUHVSRQVLELOLW\
DQGWKHUHVWRUDWLRQRI UHODWLRQVKLSV

3HDFH$FWLRQ$FWLYLWLHVRI 6RFLDO&RQFHUQ
3HDFHEXLOGLQJ LQFOXGHV QRW RQO\ WKH UHQXQFLDWLRQ RI  SK\VLFDO DQG
VWUXFWXUDO  YLROHQFH EXW DOVR WKH SRVLWLYH HQJDJHPHQW LQ DFWLYLWLHV WKDW
HPSRZHUWKHZHDNDQGSRRUZKRDUHRUGLQDULO\WKHYLFWLPVRI YLROHQFH
+HQFHWKHFROOHJHSURYLGHVWRLWVPHPEHUVRSSRUWXQLWLHVIRUUHDFKRXW
DFWLYLWLHVZKLFKPDLQO\EXLOGDVHQVHRI VHOIUHOLDQFHDPRQJWKHRXWVLGH
JURXSVVHUYHG6RPHRI WKH0LULDPLQLWLDWHGUHDFKRXWSURJUDPVZKHUH
PHPEHUVRI WKHVFKRROFDQYROXQWHHUDUH

D 7KH DFDGHPLF DQG YRFDWLRQDO SURJUDP IRU LOOLWHUDWH DGXOWV DQG
RXWRIVFKRRO\RXWK
E &DWHFKHWLFDOPLQLVWU\IRUSXEOLFVFKRROFKLOGUHQ
F (GXFDWLRQ VHVVLRQV IRU PRWKHUV DQG FKLOGUHQ LQ SRYHUW\ VLWXD
WLRQV
G (QULFKPHQW VHVVLRQV IRU WKH KDQGLFDSSHG LQ FRRSHUDWLRQ ZLWK
WKH0DU\NQROO6LVWHUV
H 7KH 0LULDP 9ROXQWHHU 0LVVLRQ 3URJUDP IRU RYHUVHDV ORFDWLRQV


A Whole School Approach

VXFKDVLQWKH7KDLODQG%XUPDERUGHUDUHD

‡ 0HPEHUV RI  WKH VFKRRO FRPPXQLW\ DUH DOVR HQFRXUDJHG WR GR


YROXQWHHUZRUNLQSDUWQHUVKLSZLWKRXWVLGHJURXSVWKURXJKWKH
FRRUGLQDWLRQRI WKH,QVWLWXWLRQDO1HWZRUNIRU6RFLDO$FWLRQDQG
WKH .LOXVDQ QJ 0LULDP VD .DODPLGDG 0LULDP·V 0RYHPHQW WR
KHOSFDODPLW\YLFWLPV 
‡ 7KH\DUHDOVRHQFRXUDJHGWRSDUWLFLSDWHLQRWKHUIRUPVRI SHDFH
DFWLRQVXFKDVZULWLQJOHWWHUV HJDJDLQVWPHGLDYLROHQFH ORE
E\LQJ DQG SDUWLFLSDWLQJ LQ GHPRQVWUDWLRQV HJ VXSSRUWLQJ WKH
SHDFHSURFHVVDQGFHDVHÀUHFDOOLQJIRUWKHUHSHDORI GHDWKSHQ
DOW\FDOOLQJIRUDJXQFRQWUROODZDQGDEDQDJDLQVWWKHPDQXIDF
WXUHDQGVDOHRI JXQUHSOLFDVHWF DQGSUHVHQWLQJSRVLWLRQSDSHUV
DQGSHWLWLRQVWRDXWKRULWLHV HJVHHNLQJWKHUHWHQWLRQRI $UWLFOH
 LQ -DSDQ·V &RQVWLWXWLRQ FDOOLQJ JRYHUQPHQW RIÀFLDOV WR VKXQ
FRUUXSWLRQHWF 

7KHIRUHJRLQJLVDQDWWHPSWWRLOOXVWUDWHKRZDVFKRROFDQEHJLQWR
WDNHVWHSVWRZDUGDZKROHVFKRRODSSURDFK,QVWLWXWLRQDODQGDGPLQLVWUD
WLYHVXSSRUWLVFUXFLDOLQWKLVSURFHVVDQGWKHFRPPLWPHQWRI WKRVHZKR
ZLOOWDNHWKHOHDGDQGWKRVHZKRZLOOFRRSHUDWHLVHVVHQWLDO7KHUHZLOOEH
GHPDQGVLQWHUPVRI WLPHDQGSUHSDUDWLRQIRUWKHGLIIHUHQWHOHPHQWVLQ
WKHDSSURDFKEXWWKHUHZDUGVZLOOEHZRUWKWKHHIIRUW,WPHDQVEHLQJ
DEOHWRFHOHEUDWHDVFKRROFXOWXUHWKDWLVQRWRQO\SHDFHDEOHEXWLVDOVR
IDFLOLWDWLYHRI WKHQHHGHGFKDQJHVLQWKHODUJHUVRFLHW\


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

&RQFOXVLRQ

$9LVLRQIRUWKH)XWXUH

0
DQ\RI WKHPDMRUGLOHPPDVRI RXUWLPHUHODWHWRLVVXHVRI 
SHDFHDQGYLROHQWFRQÁLFW,WLVWKHUHIRUHVLJQLÀFDQWWKDWWKH
8QLWHG1DWLRQVKDVSURFODLPHGWKHSUHVHQWGHFDGHDVWKH'H
FDGHIRUD&XOWXUHRI 3HDFHDQG1RQYLROHQFHIRUWKH&KLOGUHQRI WKH
:RUOG,QGHHGWKHÀUVWGHFDGHRI RXUQHZFHQWXU\QHHGVWREHDQHZ
EHJLQQLQJ

2XUYLVLRQLVDPRUHSHDFHIXOVWFHQWXU\DFHQWXU\WKDWLVJRRGIRU
DOOKXPDQV0RWKHU(DUWKDQGWKHZKROHFRVPRV

$OWKRXJKWKHFKDOOHQJHVWKDWZHIDFHRXUHQRUPRXVZHKDYHWROHDUQ
WRUHDGWKHVLJQVRI WKHWLPHVFRUUHFWO\:HFDQQRWUHDGRQO\WKHQHJDWLYH
VLJQVEHFDXVHWKDWPLJKWOHDGXVWRGHVSDLU,WLVLPSRUWDQWWKDWZHDOVR
VHHWKHVLJQVRI KRSHVXFKDVWKHJURZWKRI VRFLDOPRYHPHQWVWKDWZRUN
IRUWKHSURPRWLRQRI SHDFHDQGMXVWLFHLQYDULRXVZD\VDQGOHYHOV7KLV
VKRXOGLQFUHDVHRXUFRQÀGHQFHDQGUHVROYHWRPDNHRXURZQFRQWULEX
WLRQWRZDUGVRXUSRVLWLYHYLVLRQ

:HQHHGPRUHSXUSRVLYHIRFXVLQJRQWKHJRDOVWKDWFRXQWDQGLQYHVW
LQWKHVHJRDOVRXUUHQHZHGHQHUJ\DQGFRPPLWPHQW

:H VXEPLW WKDW EXLOGLQJ D FXOWXUH RI  SHDFH LV DPRQJ WKH HVVHQWLDO


Conclusion: A Vision for the Future

JRDOVIRUWRGD\DQGWRPRUURZ+XPDQDQGHFRORJLFDOVXUYLYDODQGZHOO
EHLQJQRZDQGLQWKHIXWXUHGHSHQGRQWKLV7KHUHIRUHLWPDNHVJRRG
VHQVH IRU JRYHUQPHQWV UHJLRQDO DQG LQWHUQDWLRQDO LQVWLWXWLRQV DQG DOO
SHRSOHWRZRUNWRJHWKHUWRZDUGVWKLVYLVLRQ

,QWXUQRQHRI WKHQHFHVVDU\VWHSVWREXLOGDFXOWXUHRI SHDFHLVWR


PRELOL]HHGXFDWLRQZKLFKLVDWWKHKHDUWRI SHUVRQDODQGVRFLDOGHYHO
RSPHQWRI DSHRSOH:HQHHGWRLQWURGXFHSHDFHHGXFDWLRQLQDPRUH
LQWHQWLRQDODQGV\VWHPDWLFZD\LQWKHIRUPDOHGXFDWLRQV\VWHPDQGRWKHU
OHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWV

/HWXVPHHWWKHIXWXUHZLWKKRSHLPDJLQDWLRQDQGWKHZLOOLQJQHVVWR
IRUHJRRXUROGWKLQNLQJDQGZD\VZKLFKKLQGHUWKHEORVVRPLQJRI DQHZ
FXOWXUHWKDWLVPRUHSHDFHDEOH/HWXVHGXFDWHDQGDFWIRUSHDFHVRWKDW
RXUIXWXUHZLOOKROGWKHSURPLVHVWKDWZHVHHN


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

5HIHUHQFHV

$EXHYD- (G   7RZDUGVDQRQNLOOLQJ)LOLSLQRVRFLHW\0DULNLQD$$4


3HDFH)RXQGDWLRQDQG.DOD\DDQ&ROOHJH
$ERXG)  &KLOGUHQDQG3UHMXGLFH1HZ<RUN%DVLO%ODFNZHOO/WG
$FNHUPDQ 3 DQG 'XYDOO -   $ IRUFH PRUH SRZHUIXO D FHQWXU\ RI 
QRQYLROHQWFRQÁLFW1HZ<RUN3DOJUDYH
$..$3.$   &RPSLOHG KDQGRXWV IRU WKH EDVLF VHPLQDU RQ DFWLYH
QRQYLROHQFH0DQLOD$OD\'DQJDO3XEOLFDWLRQ
$OOSRUW*:  7KHQDWXUHRI SUHMXGLFH$EULGJHG(G1<'RXEOHGD\
$QFKRU%RRNV
$PHULFDQ3V\FKRORJLFDO$VVRFLDWLRQKWWSZZZDSDRUJWRSLFVFRQWURODQJHU
KWPO
$QFLV -5 HW DO   6WXGHQW SHUFHSWLRQV RI  FDPSXV FXOWXUDO FOLPDWH E\
UDFH
-RXUQDORI &RXQVHOLQJ 'HYHORSPHQW²
$ULDV)RXQGDWLRQIRU3HDFHDQG+XPDQ3URJUHVV  $UPVWUDGHWUHDW\
QRPRUHDUPVIRUDWURFLWLHV
$ULQ]H)  0HHWLQJRWKHUEHOLHYHUV0DQLOD&%&33XEOLFDWLRQV
%DUDVK'  +LVWRULFDOYLHZVRI SHDFH,Q:RUOGHQF\FORSHGLDRI SHDFH
1HZ<RUN2FHDQD3UHVV
%DUQDE\) (G   7KH*DLDSHDFHDWODV1HZ<RUN'RXEOHGD\
%DVWLFN0*ULPP.DQG.XQ]5  6H[XDOYLROHQFHLQDUPHGFRQÁLFW
JOREDO RYHUYLHZ DQG LPSOLFDWLRQV IRU WKH VHFXULW\ VHFWRU *HQHYD
'&$)


References

%%&1HZVKWWSQHZVEEFFRXNKLVFLWHFKVWP
%%&1HZVKWWSQHZVEEFFRXNKLDPHULFDVVWP
%HOOHU.DQG&KDVH+  *UHDWSHDFHPDNHUVWUXHVWRULHVIURPDURXQG
WKHZRUOG$UL]RQD/763UHVV
%HQQDJHQ 3   &RQVXOWLQJ WKH VSLULWV ZRUNLQJ ZLWK QDWXUH VKDULQJ
ZLWKRWKHUVDQRYHUYLHZRI LQGLJHQRXVUHVRXUFHPDQDJHPHQW,Q3
%HQQDJHQ DQG 0 / /XFDV ² )HUQRQ (GV  &RQVXOWLQJ WKH VSLULWV
ZRUNLQJZLWKQDWXUHVVKDULQJZLWKRWKHUV4XH]RQ&LW\6HQWUR3DUDVD
*DQDSQD3DPD\DQDQ
%HQQDJHQ3DQG/XFDV²)HUQRQ0/ (GV   &RQVXOWLQJWKHVSLULWV
ZRUNLQJZLWKQDWXUHVVKDULQJZLWKRWKHUV4XH]RQ&LW\6HQWUR3DUDVD
*DQDSQD3DPD\DQDQ
%HWKOHKHP':  $VRFLDOSV\FKRORJ\RI SUHMXGLFH/RQGRQ&URRP
+HOP
%URFN 8WQH %LUJLW   )HPLQLVW 3HUVSHFWLYHV LQ 3HDFH (GXFDWLRQ 1HZ
<RUN3HUJDPRQ3UHVV
%URZQ3  ,QGLJHQRXVVSLULWXDOLW\KWWSZZZPRXQWDLQPHQFRPDX
%XUQHWW*  9DULHWLHVRI PXOWLFXOWXUDOHGXFDWLRQ (5,&'RFXPHQW 
&DSUD)  7KHWXUQLQJSRLQW7RURQWR%DQWDP%RRNV
&DUQHJLH &RPPLVVLRQ RQ 3UHYHQWLQJ 'HDGO\ &RQÁLFW   3UHYHQWLQJ
GHDGO\FRQÁLFW1HZ<RUN&DUQHJLH&RUSRUDWLRQ
&DVWUR / *DODFH - DQG /HVDFD .   3HDFH HGXFDWLRQ LQLWLDWLYHV LQ
0HWUR0DQLOD4XH]RQ&LW\81'3DQG83&,'6
&DZDJDV 9 7RK 6 + DQG *DUURQH % (GV    0DQ\ IDLWKV RQH
KXPDQLW\0XOWLIDLWK&HQWUH*ULIÀWK8QLYHUVLW\
&KHQ+D\HV 6 &KHQ 0  $WKDU 1 QG  &KDOOHQLQJ OLQJXLFLVP DFWLRQ
VWUDWHJLHV IRU FRXQVHORUV DQG FOLHQWFROOHDJXHV (5,& 'RFXPHQW
(' 
&KHQJ 6 DQG .XUW] /   7KLUG ZRUOG YRLFHV UHGHÀQLQJ SHDFH 3HDFH
5HYLHZS
&KULVWLDQ3HDFH:LWQHVVIRU,UDTKWWSFKULVWLDQSHDFHZLWQHVVRUJPDUFK
&RURQHO)HUUHU 0   )UDPHZRUN DQG V\QWKHVLV RI  OHVVRQV OHDUQHG LQ


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

FLYLOVRFLHW\SHDFHEXLOGLQJ4XH]RQ&LW\83&,'6DQG81'3
&RQWURO $UPV   6KDWWHUHG OLYHV WKH FDVH IRU WRXJK LQWHUQDWLRQDO DUPV
FRQWURO
&RQWURO$UPVPLOOLRQIDFHVPHVVDJH
7KH 'DODL /DPD   7KH HVVHQFH RI  KDSSLQHVV 1HZ =HDODQG +RGGHU
+HDGOLQH $XVWUDOLD 7KH 'DODL /DPD   (WKLFV IRU D 1HZ
0LOOHQQLXP1HZ<RUN5LYHUGDOH%RRNV
'HODKD\H- (G   $UHDGHURQKXPDQVHFXULW\%UXVVHOV3D[&KULVWL
,QWHUQDWLRQDODQG6RFLDO$OHUW,QWHUQDWLRQDO
'HH +4   ,V D QRQNLOOLQJ OLIHVXVWDLQLQJ VRFLHW\ SRVVLEOH LQ WKH
3KLOLSSLQHV" 6HYHQ SURSRVLWLRQV DQG D FRQFOXVLRQ ,Q - 9 $EXHYD
(G  7RZDUGV D QRQNLOOLQJ )LOLSLQR VRFLHW\ 0DULNLQD 7KH $XURUD
$UDJRQ4XH]RQ3HDFH)RXQGDWLRQDQG.DOD\DDQ&ROOHJH
'LRQLVLR -&   1DWLRQDO SHDFH FRDOLWLRQV LQ WKH 3KLOLSSLQHV 4XH]RQ
&LW\81'3DQG83&,'6
'REURVLHOVNL 0   2Q WKH SUHSDUDWLRQ RI  VRFLHWLHV RI  OLIH LQ SHDFH
%XOOHWLQRI 3HDFH3URSRVDOV  S
(QYLURQPHQWDO 6WXGLHV ,QVWLWXWH 0LULDP &ROOHJH 6HYHQ HQYLURQPHQWDO
SULQFLSOHV3RZHU3RLQWSUHVHQWDWLRQ
)LVKHU5DQG6WRQH'  :RUNLQJLWRXWDKDQGERRNRQQHJRWLDWLRQIRU
KLJKVFKRROVWXGHQWV0$+DUYDUG/DZ6FKRRO
)ORZHUV 1   +XPDQ ULJKWV KHUH DQG QRZ +XPDQ 5LJKWV (GXFDWLRQ
1HWZRUN
)RUV\WK'5  *URXSG\QDPLFV&DOLIRUQLD%URRNV&ROH
)UDQ]RL6/  6RFLDOSV\FKRORJ\0DGLVRQ%URZQ %HQFKPDUN
*DODQJ$  $SRVWPRGHUQDSSURDFKHQYLURQPHQWDOHGXFDWLRQ0LULDP
&ROOHJH)DFXOW\5HVHDUFK-RXUQDO
*DODQJ$HWDO  6HYHQOHQVHV0DNDWL%RRNPDUN
*DOWXQJ-  9LROHQFHSHDFHDQGSHDFHUHVHDUFK,Q06DOOD (G (VVD\V
RQSHDFH%ULVEDQH8QLYHUVLW\RI 4XHHQVODQG3UHVV
*DQGKL 0.   $KLPVD RU WKH ZD\ RI  QRQYLROHQFH ,Q 81(6&2
 $OOPHQDUHEURWKHUV


References

*HRUJH7  $UDGLFDOO\&KULVWLDQZLWQHVVIRUSHDFH,Q+*RUGRQDQG


/*RRE (GV (GXFDWLRQIRU3HDFH1HZ<RUN2UELV%RRNV
*RRVHQ*  %ULQJLQJFKXUFKHVWRJHWKHU*HQHYD:&&3XEOLFDWLRQV
*UD\ $   ,QGLJHQRXV SHRSOHV WKHLU HQYLURQPHQWV DQG WHUULWRULHV ,Q
81(3&XOWXUDODQGVSLULWXDOYDOXHVRI ELRGLYHUVLW\1DLUREL81(3
+DUULV,DQG0RUULVRQ0  3HDFHHGXFDWLRQ-HIIHUVRQ1RUWK&DUROLQD
0F)DUODQGDQG&RPSDQ\,QF
+HZDJH/  $%XGGKLVWUHVSRQVH,Q-*UHPLOOLRQDQG:5\DQ (GV 
:RUOGVIDLWKVDQGWKHQHZZRUOGRUGHU:DVKLQJWRQ'&,QWHUUHOLJLRXV
3HDFH&ROORTXLXP
+LFNV '   (GXFDWLRQ IRU SHDFH SULQFLSOHV LQWR SUDFWLFH &DPEULGJH
-RXUQDORI (GXFDWLRQ
KWWSZZZVLSULRUJUHVHDUFKDUPDPHQWVPLOH[UHVHDUFKLVVXHVPLOH[B
DWUDQVBGHYHORS
KWWSZZZSORXJKVKDUHVFDLPDJHVDUWLFOHV$&5$&5SRVWHUSGI
KWWSZZZLRPLQWMDKLD-DKLDDERXWPLJUDWLRQIDFWVDQGÀJXUHVODQJHQ
KWWSZZZJOREDOLVVXHVRUJDUWLFOHWKHDUPVWUDGHLVELJEXVLQHVV
ZZZXQRUJHQSHDFHNHHSLQJEQRWH
KWWSZZZZKRLQWZRUOGKHDOWKGD\WRRONLWUHSRUWBZHESGI
KWWSZZZXQLFHIRUJJUDFDSDWWHUQVKWP
+XPDQ'HYHORSPHQW1HWZRUN  3KLOLSSLQHKXPDQGHYHORSPHQWUHSRUW
,$16$  *XQYLROHQFHWKHJOREDOFULVLV/RQGRQ,QWHUQDWLRQDO$FWLRQ
1HWZRUNRQ6PDOO$UPV
,)$'KWWSZZZLIDGRUJSXEIDFWVKHHWGHVHUWHSGI 
,QVWLWXWHIRU)RRGDQG'HYHORSPHQW3ROLF\KWWSZZZIRRGÀUVWRUJSXEV
EDFNJUGUVVYQKWPO
,QWHUQDWLRQDO3HDFH%XUHDX  7KHPLOLWDU\·VLPSDFWRQWKHHQYLURQPHQW
D QHJOHFWHG DVSHFW RI  WKH VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQW GHEDWH *HQHYD
,3%
-DFNVRQ 0   .H\QRWH DGGUHVV ,QWHUQDWLRQDO FRQIHUHQFH RQ FRQÁLFW
UHVROXWLRQ SHDFHEXLOGLQJ VXVWDLQDEOH GHYHORSPHQW DQG LQGLJHQRXV
SHRSOHV0DQLOD


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

-RKQVRQ'DQG-RKQVRQ5  2XUPHGLDWLRQQRWHERRN01,QWHUDFWLRQ


%RRN&RPSDQ\
-RKQVRQ ' DQG -RKQVRQ 5   7HDFKLQJ VWXGHQWV WR EH SHDFHPDNHUV
01,QWHUDFWLRQ%RRN&RPSDQ\
-RQHV7  &RPELQLQJFRQÁLFWUHVROXWLRQHGXFDWLRQDQGKXPDQULJKWV
HGXFDWLRQ WKRXJKWV IRU VFKRROEDVHG SHDFH HGXFDWLRQ -RXUQDO RI 
3HDFH(GXFDWLRQ  
.HVNLQ=  7KHSUHVHQWDQGWKHIXWXUHRI LQWHUIDLWKGLDORJXH&RQIHUHQFH
RQIHDUDQGIDVFLQDWLRQWKHRWKHULQUHOLJLRQ
.LQJ0/-U  /HWWHUIURP%LUPLQJKDPMDLO,Q5/+ROPHVDQG%/
*DQ (GV  1RQYLROHQFH LQ WKHRU\ DQG SUDFWLFH ,OOLQRLV :DYHODQG
3UHVV,QF
.LVWQHU-0HW]OHU$*DWOLQ' 5LVL6  &ODVVURRPUDFLDOSURSRUWLRQV
DQG FKLOGUHQ·V SHHU UHODWLRQV UDFH DQG JHQGHU HIIHFWV -RXUQDO RI 
(GXFDWLRQDO3V\FKRORJ\  ²
.UDKH %   $JJUHVVLRQ DQG YLROHQFH LQ VRFLHW\ ,Q *5 6HPLQ DQG
. )LHGOHU (GV    $SSOLHG VRFLDO SV\FKRORJ\ /RQGRQ 6DJH
3XEOLFDWLRQV
/DGVRQ%LOOLQJV   (GXFDWLQJ IRU OHDGHUVKLS (GXFDWLRQDO /HDGHUVKLS
  
/DQWLHUL/DQG3DWWL-  :DJLQJSHDFHLQRXUVFKRROV%RVWRQ%HDFRQ
3UHVV
/HGHUDFK -3   7KH OLWWOH ERRN RI  FRQÁLFW WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ 3$ *RRG
%RRNV
/HGHVPD $   6L[ GLPHQVLRQV DQG RSHUDWLYH YDOXHV 3RZHU3RLQW
3UHVHQWDWLRQ
/HH+  7RNLOODPRFNLQJELUG1<+DUSHU&ROOLQV3XEOLVKHUV
/HYLQH'  6RPHGD\WKDWPLJKWEHPH(GXFDWLRQDO/HDGHUVKLS  
²
/LQ -   /RYH SHDFH DQG ZLVGRP RQ SHDFH HGXFDWLRQ D YLVLRQ IRU
HGXFDWLRQ LQ WKH VW FHQWXU\ 0DU\ODQG 5RZPDQ DQG /LWWOHÀHOG
(GXFDWLRQ
/RWW% (G   7KHVRFLDOSV\FKRORJ\RI LQWHUSHUVRQDOGLVFULPLQDWLRQ


References

1HZ<RUN7KH*XLOIRUG3UHVV
0DFKDGR)  ,QWHUIDLWKGLDORJXH)DLWKGLDORJXHUHFRQFLOLDWLRQ%UXVVHOV
3D[&KULVWL,QWHUQDWLRQDO
0DKPRXG²$EHGLQ  ,VODPDQGJOREDOJRYHUQDQFH,Q30LVFKHDQG0
0DUNOLQJ (GV   7RZDUGDJOREDOFLYLOL]DWLRQ"7KHFRQWULEXWLRQ
RI UHOLJLRQV1HZ<RUN3HWHU/DQJ3XEO,QF
0FJLQQLV -   (GXFDWLQJ IRU SHDFH DQG MXVWLFH 02 7KH ,QVWLWXWH IRU
3HDFHDQG-XVWLFH
0FJLQQLV . DQG 2HKOEHUJ %   6WDUWLQJ RXW ULJKW 1HZ <RUN 7KH
,QVWLWXWHIRU3HDFHDQG-XVWLFH
0HUFDGR /   0HHWLQJ WKH VSLULWXDOLW\ RI  LQGLJHQRXV SHRSOHV 0DQLOD
/RJRV3XEO,QF
0LVFKH3  7RZDUGDJOREDOVSLULWXDOLW\7KH:KROH(DUWK3DSHUVSS
²*OREDO(GXFDWLRQ$VVRFLDWHV
0LVFKH3  7KHHDUWKDVSHDFHWHDFKHU,QWHUQDWLRQDOLQVWLWXWHRQSHDFH
HGXFDWLRQ0DQLOD
0LVFKH 3  9LVLRQ IRU D QHZ FLYLOL]DWLRQ 1HZ <RUN :RQ %XGGKLVP
3XEOLVKLQJ
0LVFKH3DQG0DUNOLQJ0 (GV   7RZDUGDJOREDOFLYLOL]DWLRQ"7KH
FRQWULEXWLRQRI UHOLJLRQV1HZ<RUN3HWHU/DQJ3XEO,QF
1DULR*DODFH-  7KHHIIHFWVRI DSHDFHHGXFDWLRQSURJUDPLQUHGXFLQJ
SUHMXGLFH 8QSXEOLVKHG GRFWRUDO GLVVHUWDWLRQ 8QLYHUVLW\ RI  WKH
3KLOLSSLQHV4XH]RQ&LW\
1DULR*DODFH-  &RQÁLFWUHVROXWLRQDQGSHHUPHGLDWLRQVRXUFHERRN
4XH]RQ&LW\&HQWHUIRU3HDFH(GXFDWLRQ
1HYLOOH+$+HSSQHU33 :DQJ/  5HODWLRQVDPRQJUDFLDOLGHQWLW\
DWWLWXGHV SHUFHLYHG VWUHVVRUV DQG FRSLQJ VW\OHV LQ $IULFDQ $PHULFDQ
&ROOHJHVWXGHQWV-RXUQDORI &RXQVHOLQJ 'HYHORSPHQW²
1*2 &RPPLWWHH RQ 'LVDUPDPHQW 3HDFH DQG 6HFXULW\ KWWSGLVDUPLJF
RUJ
1XFOHDU $JH 3HDFH )RXQGDWLRQ KWWSZZZZDJLQJSHDFHRUJ
DUWLFOHVBHQJOHUBHDUWKGD\KWP
23$33  7RZDUGDMXVWFRPSUHKHQVLYHDQGODVWLQJSHDFH


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

3KLOLSSLQH6WDU:RUOG1HZV6HSWHPEHU1XPEHURI KXQJU\SHRSOH
GHFOLQHV81$²
3RSH-RKQ;;,,,  3DFHPLQWHUULV
3URMHFW3ORXJKVKDUHV$UPHGFRQÁLFWVUHSRUW
3XHWW 7   ,QWHUIDLWK HGXFDWLRQ KWWSZZZFURVVFXUUHQWVRUJ
3XHWWKWP
5HDUGRQ %   &RPSUHKHQVLYH SHDFH HGXFDWLRQ 1HZ <RUN 7HDFKHUV
&ROOHJH&ROXPELD8QLYHUVLW\
5HDUGRQ%  (GXFDWLQJIRUKXPDQGLJQLW\3KLODGHOSKLD8QLYHUVLW\RI 
3HQQV\OYDQLD3UHVV
5HDUGRQ%  (GXFDWLRQIRUDFXOWXUHRI SHDFHLQJHQGHUSHUVSHFWLYH
3DULV )UDQFH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV (GXFDWLRQDO 6FLHQWLÀF DQG &XOWXUDO
2UJDQL]DWLRQ
5HDUGRQ%DQG&DEH]XGR$  /HDUQLQJWRDEROLVKZDUWHDFKLQJWRZDUG
DFXOWXUHRI SHDFH1HZ<RUN+DJXH$SSHDOIRU3HDFH
5H\HV ' QG  $ SDSHU RQ WKH VHYHQ HQYLURQPHQWDO SULQFLSOHV 0LULDP
3($&(
6DL\DGDLQ .*   ,VODP ,Q -DFN + (G  :RUOG 5HOLJLRQV DQG :RUOG
3HDFH
6KDUPD<  +LQGXSHUVSHFWLYHSHDFHÀQGLQJFRPPRQJURXQG1DWLRQDO
VXPPLWRI UHOLJLRXVOHDGHUV0DQLOD
6KDUS*1RQYLROHQWDFWLRQDQDFWLYHWHFKQLTXHRI VWUXJJOH,Q5/+ROPHV
DQG %/ *DQ (GV  1RQYLROHQFH LQ WKHRU\ DQG SUDFWLFH ,OOLQRLV
:DYHODQG3UHVV,QF
6,35,KWWSZZZVLSULRUJFRQWHQWVPLODSPLOH[PH[BGDWDBLQGH[KWPO
6,35,81(6&2  3HDFHVHFXULW\DQGFRQÁLFWSUHYHQWLRQ1HZ<RUN
2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
6LULNDQFKDQD3  %XGGKLVPDQGJOREDOJRYHUQDQFH,Q30LVFKHDQG0
0DUNOLQJ (GV   7RZDUGDJOREDOFLYLOL]DWLRQ"7KHFRQWULEXWLRQ
RI UHOLJLRQV1HZ<RUN3HWHU/DQJ3XEO,QF
6PLWK '   7KH SHQJXLQ DWODV RI  ZDU DQG SHDFH 1HZ <RUN 3HQJXLQ
%RRNV


References

6RKEHW .DUEX] KWWSNDUEX]EORJVSRWFRPXVPLOLWDU\HQHUJ\


FRQVXPSWLRQIDFWVKWPO
6WDQIRUG(QF\FORSHGLDRI 3KLORVRSK\KWWSSODWRVWDQIRUGHGX
6WDVVHQ *   7KH MRXUQH\ LQWR SHDFHPDNLQJ 0HPSKLV %URWKHUKRRG
&RPPLVVLRQ
6WHUQ/D5RVD& %HWWPDQ(+  +DWHKXUWV+RZFKLOGUHQOHDUQDQG
XQOHDUQSUHMXGLFH1HZ<RUN$QWL'HIDPDWLRQ/HDJXH
6WLJOLW]-(  0DNLQJJOREDOL]DWLRQZRUN1HZ<RUN::1RUWRQ 
&RPSDQ\,QF
6XQGDUDUDMDQ.5  +LQGXLVPDQGJOREDOVRFLHW\,Q30LVFKHDQG0
0DUNOLQJ (GV   7RZDUGDJOREDOFLYLOL]DWLRQ"7KHFRQWULEXWLRQ
RI UHOLJLRQV1HZ<RUN3HWHU/DQJ3XEO,QF
7HDFKLQJ7ROHUDQFH  6WDUWLQJVPDOOWHDFKLQJWROHUDQFHLQSUHVFKRRODQG
WKHHDUO\JUDGHV$ODEDPD6RXWKHUQ3RYHUW\/DZ&HQWHU
7KHH 0   7KH VFRSH DQG SULRULWLHV LQ SHDFH UHVHDUFK 81(6&2
\HDUERRN RQ SHDFH DQG FRQÁLFW VWXGLHV :HVWSRUW &RQQHFWLFXW
*UHHQZRRG3UHVV
7RK 6 + DQG &DZDJDV 9   3HDFHIXO WKHRU\ DQG SUDFWLFH LQ YDOXHV
HGXFDWLRQ4XH]RQ&LW\3KRHQL[3XEOLVKLQJ+RXVH,QF
7RK 6 +   /HDUQLQJ WR OLYH WRJHWKHU WHDFKHUV UHVRXUFH ERRN RQ
HGXFDWLRQIRULQWHUQDWLRQDOXQGHUVWDQGLQJ6HRXO$3&(,8
81'RFXPHQWV&RRSHUDWLRQ&LUFOHVKWWSZZZXQGRFXPHQWVQHWGSWKWP
81 'RFXPHQWV &RRSHUDWLRQ &LUFOHV KWWSZZZXQGRFXPHQWVQHW
DUKWP
81 0LOOHQQLXP 3URMHFW5HVRXUFHV KWWSZZZXQPLOOHQLXPSURMHFWRUJ
UHVRXUFHVIDVWIDFWVBHKWP
81(6&2KWWSSRUWDOXQHVFRRUJHGXFDWLRQHQHYSKS
81,)(0&('$:²6RXWKHDVW$VLD3URJUDPPH QG $SULPHURQ&('$:
8QLWHG 1DWLRQV &RQYHQWLRQ WR &RPEDW 'HVHUWLÀFDWLRQ KWWSZZZXQFFG
LQWFRQYHQWLRQPHQXSKS
8QLWHG1DWLRQV'HSDUWPHQWRI 3XEOLF,QIRUPDWLRQ'38²'HFHPEHU
²0


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace

8QLWHG1DWLRQV(QYLURQPHQW3URJUDPPHKWWSZZZXQHSRUJ'RFXPHQWV
81)&&&KWWSXQIFFFLQWPHHWLQJVFRSBLWHPVSKS
8QLWHG 1DWLRQV +XPDQ 'HYHORSPHQW 3URJUDPPH   +XPDQ
GHYHORSPHQWUHSRUW1HZ<RUN81'3
8QLWHG 1DWLRQV +XPDQ 'HYHORSPHQW 3URJUDPPH   +XPDQ
GHYHORSPHQWUHSRUW1HZ<RUN81'3
8QLWHG 1DWLRQV +XPDQ 'HYHORSPHQW 3URJUDPPH   +XPDQ
GHYHORSPHQWUHSRUW1HZ<RUN81'3
8QLWHG 1DWLRQV +XPDQ 'HYHORSPHQW 3URJUDPPH   +XPDQ
GHYHORSPHQWUHSRUW1HZ<RUN81'3
9DVZDQL 6   +LQGXLVP 6HPLQDUZRUNVKRS RQ SURPRWLQJ LQWHUIDLWK
XQGHUVWDQGLQJIRUWHDFKHUHGXFDWRUV4XH]RQ&LW\
:RUOG&RPPLVVLRQRQ(QYLURQPHQWDQG'HYHORSPHQW  2XUFRPPRQ
IXWXUH2[IRUG2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV


References


PEACE EDUCATION: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace



You might also like