CHAPTER # 3

DESIGN OF
COMPRESSION MEMBERS
3/3
Book by: Prof. Dr
Prof Dr. Zahid Ahmed SIDDIQUE
Formatted by: Dr. Nauman KHURRAM

Department of Civil Engineering

U i
University
it off Engineering
E i i & Technology
T h l
Lahore
1
 DESIGN FLOW CHART FOR BUILT-UP
MEMBERS
Main Member: This flow chart is exactly same as the
general compression member flow chart presented earlier.
earlier
Pu, Lux, Luy, Kx, Ky

R is assumed

cFcr is evaluated for the assumed R

Areq is calculated 2
Selection off built-upp section and checkingg local stabilityy
S

KL/r  200 (If not

not, revise the section)

cFcr is evaluated for the actual slenderness ratio

cPn = Asel  cFcr  Pu

((Iff not, revise the section))

Design of Lacing
Vu = 0.02 cPn
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 Vu Vu
Force in each lacing bar = Fu = N sin 
or
2N sin 

Length of lacing bar = Le = s / sin

or s / sin  0.7 for double lacing

Calculate length between the lacing points along the

main member (L) and check the following condition.
Iff the condition is not satisfied,
f g .
increase the angle

4.61 L / tf  R

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 Le/r  140 for single lacing and
Le/r  200 for double lacing

Find cFcr depending

p g on maximum allowed Le /r

Areq = Fu / c Fcr

For local stability: b / t  10.8 (preferably)

Determine the section for lacing bars, satisfying the above

requirements

Design end tie plates 5

Example 3.5: Design a column of length 8m, pinned at
both ends, consisting of two channels placed back
back-to-back
to back
at a distance of 250 mm. Also design flat lacing using 15
mm diameter rivets. Pu = 3200 kN.

Solution:
Pu = 3200 kN : KLu = 8.0m
Rass for
o built-up
bu up section
sec o = 70
(c Fcr)ass = 173.53 MPa (Reference-1, Page = 106)
Pu 3200 1000
Areq for 2Cs    18, 440.0, mm 2

c Fcr ass. 173.53

Areq for one channel = 9,220 mm2

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Using Reference 1, three sections with the same weight
(74kg/m) may be selected.
However, 2Cs 380  74.0 have depth greater than the other
sections,, which mayy be undesirable.
Similarly, 2Cs 310  74.0 have lesser rx-value.

Trial Section: 2MCs 330  74.0 A = 9480 mm2

rx = 117 mm ; ry = 26.9 mm ; d = 330 mm
bf = 112 mm ; tf = 15.5
15 5 mm ; tw = 20
20.00 mm
Check for Local Instability:
bf 112
   7.23  r r = 12.7 OK
t f 15.5
h 330  2 15.5
   14.95  r r = 42.3 OK
tw 20 7
Using Reference 1(Page 101), approx. values of rx and ry are:
(rx)appr = 0.36b
0 36b = 0.36x330
0 36x330 = 118
118.8
8 (Exact value is 117mm)
(ry)appr = 0.6h = 0.6x250 = 150
Exact value of ry should preferably be calculated for the last
trial.
In case of lacing, the individual slenderness ratio is usually
very small and modified slenderness ratio will be very close
to the
h original
i i l slenderness
l d ratio.
i
Capacity Check:
KL 1 8000
  68  R R= 200 OK
rmin 118.8

cFcr = 176.09 MPa Using Reference 1(Page 106)

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 c Pn = 176.0929480/1000
= 3338 kN > Pu = 3200kN OK

Final Selection: 2MCs 330  74.0

Design of Lacing:
Vu = 0.02 c Pn = 0.02  3338 = 66.8 kN
Using Reference-1(Page 100), standard gauge
g = 64 mm for bf = 112 mm

s = b + 2g
= 250 + 2  64 = 378 mm

s < 380  single lacing

Figure 3.32. Configuration
and  = 60 of Double Channel Section
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Longitudinal length between lacing points
L = 2  s /tan = 437 mm
4.61 L / tf = 4.61  437 / 15.5
= 130.0 > R = 68
(Revise the angle )
For  = 75, L = 203 mm,
4.61 L / tf = 4.61  203 / 15.5
= 60.4 < R = 68 (OK)
Force in each lacing bar, (Fu )
Vu 66.8
Fu    34.6, kN
N sin  2  75
Length of lacing,
lacing (Le )
Le = s / sin = 378 / sin75 = 391 mm
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 Referring to Figure 3.33, four conditions are to be satisfied in
findingg b and t. b
1. Le/r  140 (maximum slenderness ratio) t
Fu
2. b  t  (for required Comp. strength) Figure 3.33. Cross Section
c Fcr of Flat Lacing

3. b / t ≤ 10.8 (For local stability)

4. b  3d ((to p
properly
p y accommodate the rivet))
Properties of a flat bar are: bt 3
A=bt, Imin
i = bt3/12 , rmini  12  0.289t
bt
Using first condition, Le/r  140
Le 391
  140  t  9.64 mm
rmin 0.289t
try 10 mm thick bar(t=10mm) 11
To satisfy the second condition;
Le 391
  135.3
rmin 0.28910
cFcr = 84.24 MPa
Fu 1000 34.61000
Areq  b  10  
c Fcr 84.24
bmin = 41.1 mm
Usingg third condition,, b/t =10.8
bmax = 10.8  10 = 108 mm
Usingg fourth
f condition,, b ≥ 3d
for diameter of rivet d = 15mm, we have:
bmin = 3d = 3  15 = 45 mm
Hence the plate width should be between 45mm and 108 mm.
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 Let b = 50 mm
Minimum length of lacing bar = Le + 3d
= 365 + 3  15 = 410 mm

P id 50  10 mm plate,
Provide l t 425mm
425 long
l
End Tie Plate;;
tp  s / 50 = 378 / 50 = 7.56 mm
tp = 8mm
Minimum length of tie plate = s = 378mm
Width of tie plate  Width of section
= 250 + 2  112 = 474mm

U 8  470  470 mm
Use E d Ti
End Tie PLs
PL
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 Assignment
g
Questions of Chapter
p 3

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