I.

Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cách dùng participle phrases (V-ing
phrase)
Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động (active), ta dùng cụm hiện
tại phân từ (present participle phrase) thay cho mệnh đề đó. Thao tác: Bỏ đại từ
quan hệ và trợ động từ, đưa động từ chính về nguyên mẫu và thêm đuôi – ing.
Ex: The man who is standing there is my brother => The man standing there is
my brother
II. Rút gọn bằng cách dùng past participle phrase (V-ed phrase)
Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (passive) ta dùng cụm quá
khứ phân từ (past participle phrase).
Ex: The books which were written by Nam Cao are interesting => The books
written by Nam Cao are interesting.
III. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng to infinitive
Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các chữ sau đây bổ nghĩa: the only, the first,
the second,… the last, so sánh nhất, mục đích.
Ex: Tom is the last person who enters the room = Tom is the last person to enter
the room.
Động từ là HAVE/ HAD
Ex: I have much homework that I must do => I have many homework to do.
Đầu câu có HERE (BE), THERE (BE)
Ex: There are six letters which have to be written today => There are six letters
to be written today.
Bài 1. Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases:
1. Do you know the woman who is coming towards us?
 Do you know the woman
2. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
 T come from a city
3. The children who attend that school receive a good education
 The children
4. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.
 The fence
5. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page
 Be sure to follow the instructions
6. They live in the house that was built in 1890.
 They live in the house
7. The papers that are on the table belong to Patrica.
 The papers
8. The man who is talking to the policeman is my uncle.
 The man
9. The number of students who have been counted is quite high.
 The number of students
10.George is the man who was chosen to represent the committee at the
convention.
 George is the man
11.The last person who leaves the room must turn off the lights.
 The last person 
12.The first man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
 The first man 
Bài 2. REWRITE THE RELATIVE CLAUSES BY USING PHRASES
1. The man who’s talking to the policeman has just returned home from
Paris
=> The man
2. The novel which was bought by my sister is very interesting.
=> the novel
3.The students who make noise in class will be punished.
=> the student
4. Passengers who travelled on this bus bought their tickets in books.
=> passengers
5. Do you see the notice which warns people not to enter the military zone?
=> do you see the notice
6. The stairs which lead to the cellar are rather slippery.
=> the stairs
8. You are the last person who saw her alive.
=> you are the last person
9. The pilot was the only one who survived the air crash.
=> The pilot was the only one
10. He was the second man who was killed in this way.
=> he was the second man
11. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.
=> . Neil Armstrong was the first man
12. Here are some accounts that you must check.
=>here are some accounts
16. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the Clyde.
=> The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship
17. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.
=> My grandmother
18. Kuala Lumpur, which is the capital city of Malaysia, is a major trade center
in Southeast Asia.
=> Kuala Lumpur
19. Emma Thompson is the most famous actress who will appear on stage here.
=> Emma Thompson is the most famous actress
20. We have some picture books that children can read.
=>we have some picture books
21. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
=>i come from a city
22. I was the only one who realized him.
=> . I was the only one
Bài 3: Hãy chọn đáp án đúng nhất
1.The people___________ at the back couldn’t speak.
A. to sit B. sitting C. sit D. sits
2. Minh was the first student ___________________.
A. interview B. interview
ed C. to interview D. to be interviewed
3. The TV _____________ by my mother last week is cheap.
A. bought B. buy C. to buy D. buying
4. Most people __________ to the party didn’t appear.
A. invited B. to invite C. inviting D. invite
5. That is a company ______________ shoes.
A. produces B. producing C. to produce D. produce
6. The cake ________ by his girlfriend is beautiful and lovely.
A. make B. to make C. to be made D. made
7. This system _________ there is very good and successful.
A. to use B. use C. used D. using