Chapter 5:

Multirate Signal Processing

(rad)

(rad)

(rad)
 k
n
M
k  Mn

M 1   2K
1
 X (e
j( )
j
 Y (e )  M
)
M k 0
 X ( e j )
1

 2   2
X u ( e j )


 2   2
H ( e j )


 2   2
 X ( e j )
1

 2   2
V ( e j )


 2   2
H ( e j )


 2   2
Interpolation Filter Specifications

Decimation Filter Specifications

 (Mathematics)
 
x[n]  ..., x0 , x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 , x5 , x6 , x7 , x8 , x9 , x10 , x11 , x12 , x13 , x14 ,...

 
x0 [n]  ..., x0 , x3 , x6 , x9 , x12 ,...

if : M  3 x [n]  ..., x , x , x , x , x ,...

1 1 4 7 10 13

x [n]  ..., x , x , x , x , x ,...

2 2 5 8 11 14


x0 [n]  ..., x0 , xM , x2 M , x3 M , x4 M ,... 
x [n]  ..., x , x
1 1 M 1 , x2 M 1 , x3 M 1 , x4 M 1 ,...
In general : x [n]  ..., x , x
2 2 M 2 , x2 M  2 , x3 M  2 , x4 M  2 ,...


xM 1[n]  ..., xM 1 , x2 M 1 , x3 M 1 , x4 M 1 , x5 M 1 ,... 
 
x[n]  ..., x0 , x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 , x5 , x6 , x7 , x8 , x9 , x10 , x11 , x12 , x13 , x14 ,... 
for M 3

x0 [n]  x[3n]  ..., x0 , x3 , x6 , x9 , x12 ,...   X 0 [ z ]  Z x0 [n]


x1[n]  x[3n  1]  ..., x1 , x4 , x7 , x10 , x13 ,...   X 1[ z ]  Z x1[n]

x [n]  x[3n  2]  ..., x , x , x , x

2 2 5 8 11 , x14 ,...  X 2 [ z ]  Z x2 [n]


xk [n]  x[3n  k ] , k  0,1,2  X k ( z )  Z xk [n]   x[3n  k ] z n

n  

2
X [ z ]  Z x[n]   X k ( z 3 ) z  k
k 0
  
x[n]  ..., x0 , x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 , x5 , x6 , x7 , x8 , x9 , x10 , x11 , x12 , x13 , x14 ,...

In general :

x0 [n]  ..., x0 , xM , x2 M , x3 M , x4 M ,...   X 0 [ z ]  Z x0 [n]
x [n]  ..., x , x
1 1 M 1 
, x2 M 1 , x3 M 1 , x4 M 1 ,...  X 1[ z ]  Z x1[n]
x [n]  ..., x , x 
, x2 M  2 , x3 M  2 , x4 M  2 ,... 
2 2 M 2
X 2 [ z ]  Z x2 [n]


xM 1[n]  ..., xM 1 , x2 M 1 , x3 M 1 , x4 M 1 ,...   X M 1[ z ]  Z xM 1[n]


xk [n]  x[ Mn  k ] , k  0,1,2,..., M  1  X k ( z )  Z xk [n]   n
x[ Mn  k ] z
n  

M 1
X [ z ]  Z x[n]   X k ( z M ) z  k
k 0
 
xk [n]  x[ Mn  k ] , k  0,1,2,..., M  1  X k ( z )  Z xk [n]   n
x[ Mn  k ] z
n  

M 1
X [ z ]  Z x[n]   X k ( z M ) z  k
k 0
 M 1
X [ z ]  Z x[n]   X k ( z M ) z  k
k 0
M 1
H [ z ]  Z h[n]   H k ( z M ) z  k
k 0

H ( z)   h[
n  
n ] z n

In this reference:
M 1
H [ z ]  Z h[n]   Ek ( z M ) z  k
k 0


e0 [n]  ..., h0 , hM , h2 M , h3 M , h4 M ,...   E0 [ z ]  Z e0 [n]

e [n]  ..., h , h
1 1 M 1 , h2 M 1 , h3 M 1 , h4 M 1 ,...   E1[ z ]  Z e1[n]

e [n]  ..., h , h
2 2 M 2 , h2 M  2 , h3 M  2 , h4 M  2 ,...   E2 [ z ]  Z e2 [n]

e [n]  ..., h 

M 1 M 1 , h2 M 1 , h3 M 1 , h4 M 1 ,...
 X M 1[ z ]  Z xM 1[n]
In this reference:
2
for M 3 H [ z ]  Z h[n]   Ek ( z 3 ) z  k
k 0


e0 [n]  h[3n]  ..., h0 , h3 , h6 , h9 , h12 ,...   E0 [ z ]  Z e0 [n]


e1[n]  h[3n  1]  ..., h1 , h4 , h7 , h10 , h13 ,...   E1[ z ]  Z e1[n]

e [n]  h[3n  2]  ..., h , h , h , h

2 2 5 8 11 , h14 ,...  E2 [ z ]  Z e2 [n]


h0 [n]  h ..., h0 ,0,0, h3 ,0,0, h6 ,0,0, h9 ,0,0, h12 ,0,0,... 
h [n]  h..., h ,0,0, h ,0,0, h ,0,0, h
1 1 4 7 10 ,0,0, h13 ,0,0,...

h [n]  h..., h ,0,0, h ,0,0, h ,0,0, h

2 2 5 8 11 ,0,0, h14 ,0,0,...
 In this reference: M 1
H [ z ]  Z h[n]   Ek ( z M ) z  k

 
k 0
e0 [n]  ..., h0 , hM , h2 M , h3 M , h4 M ,...  E0 [ z ]  Z e0 [n]

e [n]  ..., h , h
1 1 M 1 , h2 M 1 , h3 M 1 , h4 M 1 ,...   E1[ z ]  Z e1[n]

e [n]  ..., h , h
2 2 M 2 , h2 M  2 , h3 M  2 , h4 M  2 ,...   E2 [ z ]  Z e2 [n]

e [n]  ..., h 

M 1 M 1 , h2 M 1 , h3 M 1 , h4 M 1 ,...
 X M 1[ z ]  Z xM 1[n]

In this reference:

e0 [n]  ..., h0 , hL , h2 L , h3 L , h4 L ,...
e [n]  ..., h , h
1 1 L 1
e [n]  ..., h , h
2 2 L2
L 1
H [ z ]  Z h[n]   Ek ( z L ) z  k
 k 0
 E0 [ z ]  Z e0 [n]
, h2 L 1 , h3 L 1 , h4 L 1 ,...   E1[ z ]  Z e1[n]
 E2 [ z ]  Z e2 [n]
, h2 L  2 , h3 L  2 , h4 L  2 ,...


 

eL 1[n]  ..., hL 1 , h2 L 1 , h3 L 1 , h4 L 1 ,...
 X L 1[ z ]  Z xL 1[n]
 for M  3 h[n]  0 , n  9

2
H [ z ]  Z h[n]   Ek ( z 3 ) z  k  E0 ( z 3 ) z 0  E1 ( z 3 ) z 1  E2 ( z 3 ) z  2
 
k 0
e0 [n]  h[3n]  ..., h0 , h3 , h6 , h9 , h12 ,...  E0 [ z ]  Z e0 [n]


e1[n]  h[3n  1]  ..., h1 , h4 , h7 , h10 , h13 ,...   E1[ z ]  Z e1[n]

e [n]  h[3n  2]  ..., h , h , h , h

2 2 5 8 11 , h14 ,...  E2 [ z ]  Z e2 [n]
H [z ]
H [z ] H [z ]
 system A

system A

H [z ]
system A
 system A

system A
‫‪ :‬دیدیم‬