Geografi Pariwisata (Internasional)

Oleh:
Agung Yoga Asmoro, S.Tr, MM.Par
agungyoga@gmail.com / 082139695715
Facebook.com/agungyoga
- General Manager of Lintang Buana Tourism Services
- Staf Ahli Badan Promosi Pariwisata Daerah Prov. Lampung
- Pengajar di Akademi Pariwisata Nasional, Banjarmasin
- Ketua Bidang BudPar PMPP, Pemuda Pancasila MPW Jawa Barat
- Konsultan Pariwisata di Kementerian Pariwisata RI
GEOPAR - Introduction

The geography of tourism is dominated by number of

key themes, which relate location, place and space,
human and cultural characteristics, and the
movement of people or mobility. The geography of
tourism is also concerned with the flows of tourism
from generating countries to destinations.

These can be heavily influenced by economic and

political factors, with the flows of tourism traditionally
being from western developed countries to less
developed countries.

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GEOPAR - Introduction
Geografi (definisi):
Geografi merupakan ilmu
pengetahuan yang mengajarkan
manusia mencakup tiga hal pokok,
yaitu spasial (ruang), ekologi, dan
region (wilayah). Dalam hal spasial,
geografi mempelajari persebaran gejala
baik yang alami maupun manusia di
muka Bumi. Kemudian dalam hal
ekologi, geografi mempelajari
bagaimana manusia harus mampu
beradaptasi dengan lingkungannya.
Adapun dalam hal region, geografi
mempelajari wilayah sebagai tempat
tinggal manusia berdasarkan kesatuan
fisiografisnya. (Daldjoeni)
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Pariwisata (definisi):
1) Wisata adalah kegiatan perjalanan
yang dilakukan oleh seseorang atau
sekelompok orang dengan
mengunjungi tempat tertentu untuk
tujuan rekreasi, pengembangan
pribadi, atau mempelajari keunikan
daya tarik wisata yang dikunjungi
dalam jangka waktu sementara. (UU RI
No 10, Tahun 2009)
2) "traveling to and staying in places
outside their usual environment for
not more than one consecutive year
for leisure, business and other
purposes" (World Tourism
Organization. 1995. p. 10)
 Leisure
The time available on an individual when
work,sleep & other basic needs have been
met

Recreation
Persuit engage during upon during
leisure time

Day Trips Tourism

Home based Daily Leisure
recreation • Visiting The activities
Visiting theatres or
attractions undertaken during
• Reading, restaurants, sports (as
• Picnicking etc... the stay & the
• gardening, participant or
facilities created to
• Watching TV spectator),
cater for their
• Socializing etc... Socializing etc...
needs

Geographical Range
Home Local Regional National International
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GEOPAR – Tourism System

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GEOPAR – Tourism Supply

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GEOPAR – Tourism Demand
Geographers view tourism demand in a uniquely spatial manner as ‘the
total number of persons who travel, or wish to travel, to use tourist
facilities and services at places away from their places of work and
residence’ (Mathieson and Wall 1982:1)

Psychologists view demand from the perspective of

motivation and behaviour’ (Cooper et al. 1993:15)

In conceptual terms, there are three principal elements to tourism demand:

- Effective or actual demand comprises the number of people participating in tourism,
usually expressed as the number of travellers. This is most commonly measured by tourism
statistics which means that most official sources of data are measures of effective demand.
- Suppressed demand is the population who are unable to travel because of circumstances
(e.g. lack of purchasing power or limited holiday entitlement) which is called potential
demand. Potential demand can be converted to effective demand if the circumstances
change. There is also deferred demand where constraints (e.g. lack of tourism supply
such as a shortage of bedspaces) can also be converted to effective demand if a destination
or locality can accommodate the demand.
- No demand is a distinct category for the population who have no desire to travel.
(Hall and Page. 2006:104)

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Tourism Demand Influences

Tourism Demand

External

Political
Economy
Internal Social
Technology
Motivasi Environment
Perilaku Legal
Finansial
Pendidikan
Persepsi
Ekspektasi

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Plog’s Model – Psychographic Personality
Types

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Quiz #1

1) Jelaskan dengan bahasa kalian sendiri (min 50

kata), apakah Geografi Pariwisata itu?
2) Geografi pariwisata, berkaitan dengan adanya
penawaran (supply) dan permintaan (demand)
dalam pariwisata, coba berikan penjelasan (min
200 kata)
3) Berikan uraian terkait dengan Plog’s Model
yang telah dipaparkan sebelumnya (min 200
kata).

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How Characteristics Of The Tourism System
Relate To Geography

Rural tourism - Focused on country side

Urban tourism - Focused on town & cities
Spa tourism - Travel for health & wellness
Eco tourism - Based on Nature
Sport tourism - Focused on spectators travelling to
sports events
Heritage tourism - As example ; world heritage cities

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Forms of Tourism

Type of destination
the important distinction is between international and
domestic tourism.
Domestic tourism embraces those travelling within their own country.

International tourism comprises those who travel to a country other than

that in which they normally live.

Inbound tourism – non-residents travelling in a given

country
Outbound tourism – involving residents of a particular
country travelling abroad to other countries

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Forms of Tourism

Sambungan…

 use another currency and encounter a different language.

 Larger countries have a variety of tourist attractions and
resorts, and greater physical distances.
 Classifying tourists according to their relationship with
the destination.

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Tourism Geography - International

Outbound Travel

Indonesia International

Inbound Travel

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Tourism Geography – International
Outbound

Outbound Travel

Must Travel
Indonesia International
Free Travel

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Tourism Geography – International Inbound

Must Travel
Indonesia International
Free Travel

Inbound Travel

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Tourism Geography – Top 20 Wisatawan
Mancanegara yang berkunjung ke Indonesia

Sumber: Badan Pusat Statistik, 2016

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Tourism Geography – Top 5 Destinasi
Internasional Wisatawan asal Indonesia
No Country Number of Indonesia’s
Visitors in 2015
1 Singapore 2,731,690

2 Malaysia 2,788,033

3 Thailand 469,000

4 Japan 205,083

5 South Korea 185,000

Sumber: Pengelola Pariwisata dari masing-masing negara

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Identifikasi Wisata Outbound

1) Malaysia a) What is the suitable

product??
2) Singapore b) Who is the market??
c) When is the best time to
travel??
d) Where??
a) Aksesibilitas?? e) Why they should travel
b) Amenities?? to those destinations??
f) How is the product being
c) Attractions??
marketed
d) Activities??
e) Accommodation??

Sumber: Pengelola Pariwisata dari masing-masing negara

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Identifikasi Wisata Inbound

1) Bali a) What is the suitable

product??
2) Kalsel b) Who is the market??
c) When is the best time to
travel??
d) Where??
a) Aksesibilitas?? e) Why they should travel
b) Amenities?? to those destinations??
f) How is the product being
c) Attractions??
marketed
d) Activities??
e) Accommodation??

Sumber: Pengelola Pariwisata dari masing-masing negara

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Contoh Paket Wisata Outbound

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Contoh Paket Wisata Outbound

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Contoh Paket Wisata Inbound

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Contoh Paket Wisata Inbound

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Quiz #2

1) Berikan penjelasan tentang apa maksud dari inbound

dan outbound di dalam konteks kepariwisataan
internasional.
2) Kita ketahui bahwa Singapore dan Malaysia adalah
destinasi wisata internasional yang paling banyak
dikunjungi oleh orang Indonesia. Buatlah tour itinerary
untuk paket wisata ke Malaysia (5 hari 4 malam) dan
Singapore (4 hari 3 malam).
3) Berdasarkan data dari BPS, kita juga mengetahui
bahwa wisatawan mancanegara asal Amerika Serikat dan
Australia adalah termasuk di dalam 10 wisatawan
mancanegara terbesar yang datang ke Indonesia. Berikan
penjelasan dari dimensi geografi pariwisata, hal-hal apa
sajakah yang menyebabkan mereka datang berwisata
ke Indonesia. Sekali lagi ingat, penjelasan harus
berangkat dari sisi Geografi Pariwisata.

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Quiz #3 - Simulasi

Buat 2 (dua) kelompok, yang satu wisatawan mancanegara asal Amerika Serikat
dan yang kedua sebagai biro perjalanan wisata di Banjarmasin. BPW
menawarkan paket wisata 6 hari 5 malam berkeliling untuk berwisata di Kalsel,
dan wisatawan belum memutuskan apakah akan melakukan pembelian atau
tidak.
Hal-hal yang harus dibahas:
a) Aksesibilitas b) Amenities c) Attractions
d) Activities e) Accommodation
Diskusikan pula hal ini dengan merujuk pada konsep-konsep Geografi
Pariwisata yang sudah dijelaskan sebelumnya.

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