BSPH-1102 QUANTUM NUMBERS PHARMACEUTICAL

Ms. Krishally Joy O. Patalinjug, Rph INORGANIC

Transcribers: Shenen H. Gaje
Liceo de Cagayan University-Paseo del Rio Campus-College of Pharmacy CHEMISTRY (LEC)

KEYWORDS 1. First Quantum Number: PRINCIPAL QN (n)

Quantum numbers, atomic orbital, size, shape, and  n = 1,2,3… (any positive integer; not
position/orientation/location of electron decimal, fraction, or zero)
 indicates relative size and distance of
Note: electron
 determines overall energy of an atomic
 The presence of charge in an atom is an orbital (AO)
indicator that it loses/gains an electron  main energy level
 When an atom loses electron or gives an  n value = energy level = larger size = farther
electron, it becomes a positive ion (cation) e- (it is directly proportional; as the n values
 When an atom gains an electron, it becomes a increases, the energy level, size, and
negative ion (anion) distance of the e- also increases)
 An atom gains/loses electron to attain stability  The best way to find out the n value is to
 Example: look at the period where the atom belongs to
 Example:
1. 11Na
+1 H – period 1
Al – period 3
p+ = 11 - The value indicates the highest
e- = 10 (+1 indicates that it loses 1 electron; or main energy level of the
cation) atom; the period is where the
outermost electron can be found
-1
2. 17Cl

p+ = 17
e- = 18 (-1 indicates that is gains an electron;
anion)

4 QUANTUM NUMBERS

 An atom is surrounded by electrons

 Shells that surround the nucleus is called atomic
orbitals (region in space/ area around nucleus
where there is a highest probability of finding an
electron)
 Atomic orbitals/subshells: s, p, d, f 2. Second Quantum Number: ANGULAR
 In each orbital in each subshell, maximum of 2 MOMENTUM QN (l)
electrons can only be accommodated
 The first three quantum numbers describe the  aka Azimuthal QN
atomic orbital (size, shape, and  values of l = 0 up to n-1 (n limits l)
position/orientation/location)  Example:
 The 4th quantum number only describes the Al
behavior of electrons (rotation/spin of the n=3
electron – intrinsic property of electrons) l = 0,1,2 (values of l is from 0 up to
n-1 and n-1 in this example is 2
(n=3; 3-1=2)
[PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY] Lesson 3: Quantum Numbers

 determines the angular momentum and the

shape of atomic orbital  Example:
l = 1 = p orbital
Atomic orbital s p d f ml = -1, 0, +1 (3 values = 3 orbitals
Values of l 0 1 2 3 in p subshell)

Note:
 In each orbital in each subshell,
maximum of 2 electrons can only be
accommodated
 In naming sublevel, include the n value
(1s, 3p, etc.)

4. Fourth Quantum Number: ELECTRON SPIN

(ms) – behavior

 orientation of the electron magnetic

o s,p,d,f describes the features of the moment/spin
atomic spectra and are only used  values of ms= ½ or -½
before the quantum numbers  ELECTRON
s – sharp  Fermion - a particle whose spin # is
p – principal an odd multiple of ½
d – diffuse  Vector – magnitude & direction
f – fundamental (up/positive or down/negative)
 Pauli Exclusion Principle – no two
e- can occupy an atomic orbital with
3. Third Quantum Number: MAGNETIC QN (ml) the same set of QN (it will at least
differ in the spin)
 values of ml= -l, 0, l (l limits the ml)
 Example:
 l=1
 ml = -1, 0, and +1 (values of m l start
from -1 and the limit is the value of l; in
this example l=1)
 determines the orientation of an angular
momentum vector in a magnetic field/ orientation
of the orbital in space
 the # of ml values = # of orbitals in the subshell
[PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY] Lesson 3: Quantum Numbers

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