Lexicology

Phạm Thị Thêu -11184665

Phạm Thị Thêu -11184665

Other Ways of Forming Words
Abbreviation - Acronyms
1. What do the following acronyms stand for?

1. MA Master of Arts
2. Ph.D Doctor of Philosophy
3. MIA Missing in Action
4. POW Prisoner of War
5. ASAP As soon as possible
6. VOA Voice of America
7. ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations
8. NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
9. FDI Foreign Direct Investment
10.UNO
United Nation Organization
11.BBC
British Broadcasting Corporation
12.CNN
Cable New Network
13.AIDS
Acquired Immune Deficiency
14.OPEC
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
15.UNICEF
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
16.AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area
International Organization for Standarlization
17.ISO
18.FAQ Frequently asked questions

2. "Translate" the notes below into full words.

Memo from: Mr. Braneless Memorandum  To: John Furness

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To: all staff Fr: Sally Oldbeck From

Cc: C. Hothead, Supply Dept. Carbon
Copy
Date:. 3/24
Re Respond: lab laboratory equipment
All new lab equipment should be
registered with the Supply Dept., Rm.
Relationship Manager 354 (ext. external
2683). N.B. Nota bene: New items must be
registered before 5 p.m. on the last day of
the month of purchase, i.e.  id est, within
the current budgeting month. All a/c air
conditioning nos. Not Otherwise
Specified must be recorded.
Dear John,
Here are the times for my trip: arr. arrive from
Paris 2.25 pm Post Meridiem at Victoria
Station, Wed Wednesday 14th. Stay with friends,
tel telephone: 41356787, add. address 56 Carlton
Ave, Eastcheap, London S4. Dep. departure
Sat Saturday 17th from Heathrow, flight no.
number FJ 654 to Dublin.
If you need to ring me in the office, it's Oriental
Imports Ltd Limited, tel 3546659, ext 5656.
Sally

3. Match the words with the contexts on the right. Explain the shortened words.

1. Speed limit 50 mph a. on an aerosol can

2. Size: XL
3. UFOs sighted in desert
4. Ozone-friendly: CFC-free
5. Dep. 3:00 p.m. Arr. 5:42 p.m.
6. RSVP
b. on an invitation
c. on an airline schedule or ticket
d. on a clothing label
e. on a road sign
f. in a newspaper headline

1.e => mph: miles per hour

2.d => XL: extra large
3.f => UFO: Unidentified Flying Object
4.a => CFC: chlorofluorocarbon
5.c => Dep: departure; Arr: arrive
6.b => RSVP: répondez s'il vous plaît = please reply

4. Use abbreviations instead of the words in bold.

Example: Mr S Williams, care of 76 North Street, c/o 76 North Street
1. It is a digital camera, that is to say it doesn't use film, but takes pictures electronically. =>
i.e
2. I needed some paper; envelopes, pens, and so on. => etc

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3. There are several ways of solving the problem, for example, try fining new batteries. =>
E.g
4. You can repair it yourself. Please note, the guarantee is no longer valid if you do. N.b
5. She saw a flying saucer or some kind of spaceship in the sky above her house. => UFO
6. Her address is: Flat number 3, Block B, Horiey Street, Bartsow. No.; st
7. She got a Bachelor of Science degree from London University, and now she's doing a
Doctor of Philosophy degree. BS, Ph.D

Phạm Thị Thêu -11184665

8. There was a postscript at the end of the letter. =>PS

Abbreviation - Clipping
5. Write the original words of these shortened ones, and identify the type of clipping.

Hints Clipped Full words Type of

words clipping
1. an infectious disease, which causes flu Influenza Initio-final
fever, pains and weakness. clipping
2. the day marking the end of fighting V-day Victory day Middle
clipping
3. a kind of clothing for the lower part of the shorts short trousers Phrasal
body clipping
4. doctor for animals vet Veterinarian Final
clipping
5. the science of numbers and shapes maths Mathematics Middle
clipping
6. the first exam for a person to be accepted prelim preliminary Phrasal
for the doctoral dissertation
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examination clipping
7. a place where people get a drink pub public house Phrasal
clipping
8. a device to keep food cold fridge refrigerator Initio-final
clipping
9. a room for scientific testing lab laboratory Final
clipping
10. a university teacher prof professor Final
clipping
11.a kind of music for Korean youngsters K-pop Korean Pop Middle
clipping
12.a notice telling people about a product. advert advertisement Final
clipping

M A T H S B P M C V M X
L A B A F L E H G D N Y
E D V S P R O F T A P Z
P R E L I M E T F Y Q N
A T T K P O P U L N A G
N G V T G E D B U V P F
T H E H A D V E R T U H
S I T F R I D G E U B A
O S T H G I K R M N O T

Blending
6. Explain the meanings of the following blending words, and then put each in its correct
sentence below.

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Eg: smog = smoke + fog

Swatch = Swiss Brunch = Motel = motor Oxfam = Oxford Slanguage =
watch breakfast + lunch hotel Committee for Fa slang language
Bedsit = bed- Oxbridge = Interpol = ine Relief Chunnel =
sitting room oxford cambrigde international Eurovision = channel tunnel
police European vision

1. The ______ Eurovision ________ Song Contest is watched by millions of viewers from
Portugal to Finland, and in other countries.
2. The ______ Oxfam ________ organization, which has the aim of relieving hunger
throughout the world, was founded in Oxford.

3. The International Police Commission, with headquarters in Paris, is usually referred to

as______ Interpol ________ .

4. If you get up late at the week-end, you might decide to have ____ Brunch __________ in
the middle of the morning.

5. The British and French governments have taken the first steps towards building a ______
Chunnel ________ to link the two countries.

6. After driving all day, we looked for a cheap, clean ______ Motel ________ to stop at for
the night.

7. In the past, a university degree from ______ Oxbridge ________ was a great advantage
to anyone wanting a career in the diplomatic service.

8. There's a certain kind of Swiss watch called a_____ Swatch _________ .

9. She can't afford a proper flat. She rents a ______ Bedsit ________.

10. You are not supposed to use _____ Slanguage ________ in formal situations.

Conversion
7. Rewrite the sentence using conversion so that it is exactly the same as the given one.

1. Her life has gone up and down quite a lot.

 Her life has had quite a lot of ups and downs.
2. I am afraid of seeing women crying.
3. My grandmother put the juice into bottles.
 My grandmother bottled the juice.
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4. She made her lunch hot in the microwave. (can be written in two ways)
 She microwaved her lunch.
 She heated her lunch in the microwave.
5. She made her glass empty and asked it to be refilled. (2 conversed words in
the sentence)
6. All lovers of crime fiction must read his new novel.
 All people who love crime fiction must read his new novel.
7. You wash the dishes and I’ll make them dry.
 You do the washing-up and I’ll make them dry.
8. You need to give water to the plants every day.
 You need to water the plants every day.
9. This is where the river becomes narrow.
 This is where the river narrowed.
10.Can you inform me of the event through emails?
 Can you email to inform me of the event?

8. Give 5 examples for each type of word formation.

1. Affixation Pressurize,
glorify,
entitle,
soften,
seasonal
2. Compounding Below,
blackball,
afterbirth,
Airmen,
bookcase
3. Acronym AAP: Always A Pleasure,
AAR: At Any Rate,
AEAP: As Early As Possible,
AAMOF: As A Matter Of Fact

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CPU: Central Processing Unit

4. Initial clipping hamburger,
parachute,
violoncello,
because,
history
5. Final clipping Doctor -> doc,
vegetables -> vegs,
gasoline -> gas
editor -> ed,
fabulous -> fab
6. Middle clipping Victory day -> V-day
Nuclear bomb -> N-bomb
Fantasy -> Fancy
Mathematics -> Maths
specs (spectacles)
7. Phrasal clipping Popular music -> pop
Public house -> pub
Preliminary examination -> prelim
Reference -> ref
Vegetarian -> veggie
8. Initio-final clipping Refridgerator -> fridge
Influenza -> flu
Pajamas -> jammies
Detective -> tec

9. Blending Bit = binary + digit

Transtor = transfer + resistor
Smash = smack + mash
Infotainment = information + entertainment
Modem = modulator + demodulator

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10. Conversion A ten-day trip,

to call – call
Land -> to land
Narrow -> to narrow
to attack – attack
11. Back formation House-keeper -> to housekeep,
Addiction => Addict
editor -> to edit,
baby-sitter -> babysit,
escalator -> to escalate
12. Sound imitation Pigs: grunt,
tick-tock,
beep
whisper,
murmur
13. Word from name Bikini,
cardigan,
voltage,
July,
volka