PrqleCtSpecification l■

凛■」■総計憾aki

CLIENTJOB NO． 02FFOI CLASS

CLIENT FatinlaFertilizerCompany，Ltd・ DOC．NO． 17−2CS−60TO
PROJECT FatimaFertilizerProject PAGE： 1 OF14
LOCAT10N MukhtarGarh，Pakistan Revision ．0

亭芦品翠■■■
■■膠■■▲■
■■も
FafimaFer†ilizerCompanyLfd．

CONTROLLED’rlGHTENINGAND LOOSENING
OF FLANGE BOLTS

0 29Sep．2006 lnitiallssue
Rev． Date Reason for lssue By Checked Ap∂「岩ved Approved
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REVISlON
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10

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TABLEOFCONTENTS

1．O GENERAL ,4

1．1 Scope .4

1．2 CodesandlndustryStandards 4

2．O PROCEDURE 4

2，1 General .4

2．2 Preparation .5

2．3 FlangePreassembly .5

2．4 ThreadExposure .6

2．5 TightenlngOfBolts .6

TABLEl 8

TABLE” 9

TABLEIV”””””．
TABLEV
TABLE VI
2．6 DisassemblyandReassembly

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1．O GENERAL

1．1 Scope

l・1・1ThisstandardandtheappJicablepro」eCtdatasheetslanddraw■ngSCOVerIthe
PrOCeduresforplac■nggaSketsandforthecontro”edtighten．ngand100SemngOfflange
bolts．

1．1．2UnIessotherwisespecified，thisstandarddoesnotcover：

a） Manufacturer’sproprietaryJOintsandcIosures，Whichsha”beassembledin
accordancewiththemanufacturerIsstandards．

b） TightenlngOfboltsuslng hydraulicbolttensioners，Which mayberequired

forsomecriticalservicessuchasLNGorveryhighpressureortemperature
SerVices．Projectstandardsandtheinstructionsofthemanufacturerofthe
bolttensionerto beused sha”befol10Wedinthiscase．

C） Flangesthathavepolymer／tef10ngaSkets．

1．2 CodesandIndustryStandards

ThefotlowingdocumentsarereferencedhereinandformpartoftheOrder．Current
editionsoftheindustrystandardsincIudinga”mandatoryaddendaineffectatthetimeof
theordershatlapplyunlessotherwiseindicated．

AMERICANSOCIETYFORTESTINGANDMATERIALS（ASTM）
ASTMA193／A193M，”Al10y−SteelandStainlessSteelBoltingMaterialsfor
High−TemperatureServicel’

2．O PROCEDURE

2．1 General

2．1．1AssembIydrawlngSWi”listtheboltlengthanddiameter，Size，gaSkettypeandsiz
andanyotherrequirementsorprecautionswhichshalIbefollowed．

2．1．2A”tightenlngSha”bebytorquewrenchorothertightenrngmethodswhichresultin
uniformtighten［ngandprovideameasurementoftheappliedtorqueorstrain・Impact
WrenChesmaybeusedonlywhentightenlngPrOCedureischeckedbytorqueorstrain
measurements．

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2・2 Preparation

2，2・1Flangefacesshallbethoroughlycleanedandthegasketsurfaceinspectedforany
defects・A”rustandburrssha”becompIetelyremoved．ParticularattentionshaIIbe
PaidtotheseatjngsurfacesformetaJgasketssuchasthegroovesinnng」Ointflanges・
2・2・2Boltssha”becheckedforpropersize，length，COnformancetospecjfications，
C［eanliness，andabsenceofburrs．

2・2・3Boltthreadsandeachbeanngsurfaceofboltsandnutssha”becoatedwithone
Ofthefol10Wlng）ubricants，Oranequal．Thelubricantchosenshallbesuitableforthe
boltandflangematerialandtheservice．
a・Graphiteandoil：650OF（3400c）maximum−Matehaltobeapprovedbypurchaser．

b・MoIvbdenumdisulfide＝7500F（400Oc）maximum−MateriaItobeapprovedby
PurChaser．

C・Co”oidaIcoDPer：10000F（5350c）maximumMatehaltobeapprovedbypurchaser．

d．Co”oidalnickelorsitverforausteniticstainlesssteetmaterial：a”
temperatures−Materia）tobeapprovedbypurchaser．

2．2．4GasketsshaJJbecheckedforsize，COnformancetospecifications，andcleanline
Metalgasketssha”havegrease，ruSt，andburrscompletelyremoved．Allgasketssha”
befittedagalnSteaChflangegasketseatingsurfacetocheckalignmentwiththesurface，

2．3 FlangePreassembly

2．3．1FIangessha”bepreassembledasfo”ows：

a．Bottholesofmatingflangesshaltbea［igneduslngaSPudwrenchorothertool．

b．Twoboltssha”beinstalIeddiametricalIyoppositeeachother，andonebolthalfqway
betweenthepreviouslyinsta”edbolts（forfIangedjointsinhorizontallines，Onthe
underside）forretainingthegasket（e．g．bolts2，3and4inFigurel）．ThenutsshaJl
thenbeengaged．

C．Thegasketshallbeinserted，andcenteredbetweenthefranges．Nutssha”beha
tightenedtoholdthegasketinplace．WhenfJangedjointsareinhorjzontallines，
gasketswithoutcentenngdevicessuchas「lngJOintgasketsshallbe10Weredtothe
bortsforretentionandthenraisedintoposition．

d．Theremainlngbottsandnutssha”beinstalIedandhandtightenedwiththeflange
facespara”eJ．Caresharlbetakentoassureproperseatingandcentenngofthe
gasketwjthintheaIIowabtetolerances．

e．BoltsshaJJbewrenchtightenedandinspectedfortightnessinaccordancewith
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Article2．40r2．5．

2・3・2HeavycoversofhorizontaJequ■PmentSha”beprovidedwithexternalsupportsand
SuitabIeguidancewhichsha”bemaintaineduntilthejointjstightened．

2．4 ThreadExposure

ThereshaJlbeevennumberofthreadsexposedoneitherendofthestudwitha
mjnjmumoftwothreadsexposedabovethenut．（Note：Thiswouldpreventthejoint
beingexposedtowateranddebrisenteringthejointwhichcancorrodethethreadsof
boJtandnut．）

2・5 TighteningofBotts

2・5・1Thefo”owlngPrOCedureshalJbeusedforeachsuccessivestepwhenwrench
tightenlngbolts．

a．Twodiametrica”yoppositeboItssha”betorquewrenchtightenedtotheinitial
WrenChtorqueva［uelistedinTablesland”forLowA”oySteelBo［ts，Table‖andlV
forStrainHardenedStainlessSteelBolts（Class2）andTablesVandVIforNon−
StrainHardenedStainJessSteelBolts（Classl）・either
．

Whichmayresultingasketcrushingorflangedistortion．Thismayrequjretightenlng
toaninitialwrenchtorquevaluelessthanthat”stedintheTables．Suitablefeeler
gagesmaybeusedforthispurpose．SuchprecautionisparticularlydesirabIewhen
tightenlngflangescontainlngnngJOint，SPlralwound，andsjmiIartypegaskets．Us
Offee［ergageismandatoryforthefirsttightenlngSequenCeOnlensnnggaskets．

b．Thereafter，tWOdiametrica”yoppositeboltslocatedhalf−Waybetweenthetwobolts
PreViousIytightenedsha”betightenedtothesameinitialtorquewrenchvaIue，agaln
beingcarefuJnottodistorttheflanges．Thisproceduresha”berepeateduntilall
boltshavebeenwrenchtightenedtotheinitialtorquevalue．Thesequenceof
tightenlngPalrSOfboltsshallthenberepeatedatleastthreemoretjmesuntilthe
bo］tsareuniformlytightatthefinalwrenchtorquevaJueandthegasketevenly
COmPreSSedwiththeflangefacesparallel．Asaminimum，theboItsshallbe
tightenedtothesecondstep，thirdstep，andfinalwrenchtorquevaluestistedin
TableslthroughVl．1fboltsmustbetightenedmorethanthisnumberoftimes，the
SameSequenCeShallbefo”owed．

C．Asanalternative，theboltsmaybewrenchtightenedwithoutmeasurlngtOrquefor
thefirsttwotightenlngSequenCeSuSlngtheprocedurecoveredinSubparagraphsa
andbabove．Theboltssha”betightenedbyatorquewrenchtothethirdstepand
finalwrenchtorquevalues．1fboltsmustthenbetightenedadditionaItimes，atOrque
WrenChshallbeused，andthesamesequencefoIJowed．

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d． AsanexampJe，thesequenceisshowninFigurelforaneightboltandsixteenbolt
fIange．Sim‖arsequencessha”beusedforftangeshavlngdifferentnumbersofbo］ts．

FlGURE 1
Typical Bolt Tightening Sequence

2．5．2AftertheflangedconnectionhasbeenfulJytightened，thejointshaI］beinspected
foruniformboltloadingbywrenchtestingeachboltinthecontinuousc10Ckwise
SequenCelistedaboveuntilaltboltsarejudgedtohavethesameLeve10ftightness・

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TABLEI
TARGETTORQUEFORLOWALLOYSTEELBOLTS
Bolt TargetTorque（f（・lb）
Size lntermediateSteps
FinalStep
（inches）
lnitialStep SecondStep ThirdStep
1／2 15 30 45 60
5／8 30 60 90 120
3／4 53 105 158 210
7／8 88 175 263 350
125 250 375 500
11／8 188 375 563 750
11／4 263 525 788 1，050
13／8 350 700 1，050 1，400
11／2 450 900 1，350 1，800
15／8 588 1，175 1，763 2，350
13／4 738 1，475 2，213 2，950
17／8 913 1，825 2，738 3，650
2 1，125 2二250 3，375 4，500
21／4 1，625 3，250 4，875 6，500
21／2 2，250 4，500 6，750 9，000
23／4 3，000 6，000 9，000 12，000
3 3，925 7，850 11，775 15，700
31／4 5，025 10，050 15，075 20，100
31／2 6，325 12，650 18，975 25，300
33／4 7，800 15，600 23，400 31，200
4 9，500 19，000 28，500 38，000

Notes：1．ThesetorquevaluesareforboltsandnutsthathavebeenweIIlubricated
（Ref2．2．3）．

2．Finalwrenchtorquevaluesshownarebasedonaprestressof50，000pslln
lowa”oybolts．

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TABLEll
TARGETTORQUEFORLOWALLOYSTEELBOLTS lAr（tiヒlTORqUEFORLOWALLOYSTEELBOLTS Metric
BoltDia
（mm）−Pjtch lntermediateSteps
FinalStep
（mm）
lnitjalStep SecondStep（ ThirdStep
M14−2 28 55 83 110
M16−2 40 80 120 160
M20−2．5 88 175 263 350
M24−3 138 275 413 550
M27−3 200 400 600 800
M30疇3 288 575 863 1，150
M33−3 388 775 1，163 1，550
M36−3 513 1，025 1，538 2，050
M39−3 663 1，325 1，988 2，650
M42−3 838 1，675 2，513 3，350
M45−3 1，050 2，100 3，150 4，200
M48−3 1，275 2，550 3，825 5，100
M52−3 1，650 3，300 4，950 6，600
M56−3 2，050 4，100 6，150 8，200
M64−3 3，100 6，200 9，300 12，400
M70−3 4，P25 8，050 12，075 16，100
M76−3 5，225 10，450 15，675 20，900
M82−3 6，600 13，200 19，800 26，400
M90−3 8，775 17，550 26，325 35，100
M95−3 10，400 20，800 31，200 41，600
MlOO−3 12，125 24，250 36，375 48，500

Notes：1．ThesetorquevaluesareforboItsandnutsthathavebeenwe”lubricated
（Ref2．2．3）．

2 Finalwrenchtorquevaluesshownarebasedonatargetprestressof345
MPainlowa”oyboIts．

3．Metricboltdesignationisgiveninboltsize（mm）andthreadpitch．Exampte：
M14−2refersto14mmboltdiameterwitha2mmpitchthread．

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