Grade 12 C- Chemistry

Week 2 - Lesson 1

Teacher’s name: Feanna Mc Kenzie

Topic: Kinetic molecular theory

Date: January 11 2022

Time: 10:40 AM - 12:00 PM

Specific objectives
By the end of this topic you will

● state the basic assumptions of the kinetic theory with reference to an ideal
gas
● explain the differences between real and ideal gases;
● state Boyle’s law and Charles’ law;
● perform calculations using: Boyle's law; Charles' law and the ideal gas
equation (pV = nRT)
Kinetic molecular theory

❏ explains the behaviour of gases

❏ based on the idea that particles of a gas are always in motion.

❏ consists of five (5) assumptions or postulates that explains the ideal gas laws
Assumptions of kinetic molecular theory
There are five (5) assumptions of kinetic theory of gases

1. Gas molecules are in constant, random motion.

The rapidly moving particles constantly collide with the walls of the
container which results in pressure.
Assumptions of kinetic molecular theory
2. The collisions of gas molecules with the walls of the container housing
them are perfectly elastic.

➔ Elastic collisions are ones in which there is no net loss of kinetic energy.
➔ Kinetic energy is the energy of motion.
Assumptions of kinetic molecular theory
3. There are no forces of attraction between gas molecules.

➔ There are no forces of attraction or repulsion between gas particles.

➔ Think of gas particles as small billiard balls, when they collide , they do not
stick together, they bounce apart immediately.
Assumptions of kinetic molecular theory
4. The volume of the individual gas molecules is negligible compare to the
total volume that the gas occupies.

➔ Gas particles have no volume since the particles are far apart relative to their
size.
➔ Volume of gas particles occupy a volume usually about a thousand times
greater than liquid and solid particles.
Assumptions of kinetic molecular theory
5. The average kinetic energy of the gas particles depends only on the
temperature of the system.

➔ Higher the temperature, the faster the particles move.

Real gases VS Ideal gases
❏ Ideal gas - perfectly fits all the assumptions of the kinetic theory; no such gas
exists.
❏ Gases behave like ideal gases at very low pressures and at very high
temperatures.
❏ An ideal gas is one which obeys both Boyle’s Law and Charles’ Law and obey
Ideal Gas Equation.
❏ Non polar gases will hold closer to the kinetic theory than polar gases.
❏ Real gas - does not behave according to the assumptions of the kinetic
theory.
Real gases VS Ideal gases
Boyle’s law
● Temperature of gas is held constant.
● As volume of gas decreases, particles hit side of containers more
frequently; pressure increases.
● P 1V 1 = P 2V 2

For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature,

the volume is inversely proportional to the pressure.

Graphical representations of Boyle’s law
Question
Boyle’s apprentice finds that the air trapped in a J tube occupies 24.8 cm3 at 1.12
atm. By adding mercury to the tube, he increases the pressure on the trapped air
to 2.64 atm. Assuming constant temperature, what is the new volume of air?

Ans: 10.5 cm3

Charles’ law
● Pressure of gas is held constant.
● As temperature of gas increases, particles spread out more; volume
increases.

For a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure,

the volume is directly proportional to the its

absolute temperature.
Graphical representation of Charles’ law
Question
An engineer pumps air at 0 0C into a newly designed piston cylinder assembly.
The volume measures 6.83 cm3. At what temperature in K would the volume be in
9.75 cm3.

Ans: 390 K
Ideal Gas equation
PV = nRT
where P = Pressure in Pa (1 Pa = Jm-3 or Nm-2)
V= volume = 1m3
n = number of moles
R = gas constant (8.314 J K-1 mol-1 OR 0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1)
T = temperature (K)
Kelvin = temp in 0C + 273.15
*** 1 kPa = 1000 Pa
1 atm = 101,325 Pa
1000 dm3 = 1m3
Question
A steel tank has a volume of 428 L and is filled with 885 g of oxygen gas.
Calculate the pressure of oxygen at 21 0C.

Ans: 1.53 atm

Molar mass of a gas
By substituting for n, we can determine the MM of a gas
For you to do
For you to do
For you to do
For you to do
1. Explain the terms ‘melting’, ‘evaporation’ and ‘boiling’
2. State Avogadro’s law
Avogadro’s law
● Pressure of gas is held constant.
● Temperature of gas is held constant.

The volume of a gas at a fixed temperature and pressure is directly proportional

to the number of moles.

NOTE: Standard

conditions of rtp or stp