7.

54 a Refrigerators, x P(x)
1 0.22
1 0.49
2 0.29
b Stoves, y P(y)
0 0.34
1 0.39
2 0.27

c ∑ xP( x ) = 0(0.22) + 1(0.49) + 2(0.29) = 1.07

μ x = E(X) =

σ = V(X) = ∑ (x−μ) P( x) = (0–1.07) (0.22) + (1–1.07) (0.49) + (2–1.07)

2 2 2 2 2
(0.29) = 0.505

d y = E(Y) = ∑
μ yP( y) = 0(0.34) + 1(0.39) + 2(0.27) = 0.93

σ = V(Y) = ∑ ( y−μ) P( y ) = (0–0.93) (0.34) + (1–0.93) (0.39) + (2–0.93)

2 2 2 2 2
(0.27) = 0.605

∑ ∑ xyP( x, y)
e all x all y = (0)(0)(0.08) + (0)(1)(0.09) + (0)(2)(0.05) + (1)(0)(0.14) + (1)(1)(0.17)
+ (1)(2)(0.18) + (2)(0)(0.12) + (2)(1)(0.13) + (2)(2)(0.04) = 0.95

∑ ∑ xyP( x, y) μ x μ y = 0.95 – (1.07)(0.93) = –0.045

COV(X, Y) = all x all y –

√
σ x =√ σ 2x=√ 0 . 505 = 0.711, σ y= σ 2y =√ 0 .605 = 0.778
COV ( X , Y ) −0.045
ρ=
σxσ y = (0.711 )(0.778 ) = –0.081
7.55 a P(X = 1 | Y = 0) = P(X =1 and Y = 0)/P(Y = 0) = 0.14/0.34 = 0.412
b P(Y = 0 | X = 1) = P(X =1 and Y = 0)/P(X = 1) = 0.14/0.49 = 0.286
c P(X = 2 | Y = 2) = P(X =2 and Y = 2)/P(Y = 2) = 0.04/.27 = 0.148

7.56 a P(CMD = 0 and SD = 2) = 0.06

b P(CMD = 2 and SD = 0) = 0
c P(CMD ≥ 1 and SD ≥ 1) = 0.07 + 0.01 + 0.10 + 0.15 + 0.04 + 0.02 = 0.39
6.67 Define events: A = heart attack, B = periodontal disease
P(A) = 0.10, P(B | A) = 0.85, P(B | AC ) = 0.29
P(B ) = 0.085 + 0.261 = 0.346
P( A and B ) 0 . 085
= =0 . 246
P(A | B) = P(B ) 0 . 346

6.70 Define events: A, B, C = airlines A, B, and C, D = on time

P(A) = 0.50, P(B) = 0.30, P(C) = 0.20, P(D | A) = 0.80, P(D | B) = 0.65, P(D | C) = 0.40

P(D) = 0.40 + 0.195 + 0.08 = 0.675

P( A and D ) 0 . 40
= =0 . 593
P(A | D) = P( D ) 0. 675

8.81 μ=1/ λ = 125 seconds; λ = 0.008 transactions/second = 0.48 transactions/minute

P( X >3 )=e−0 . 48( 3)=e−1. 44 = 0.2369

8.82 μ=1/ λ = 6 minutes; λ = 0.167 customers/minute

−0 .167( 10 ) −1 .67
P( X >10 )=e =e = 0.1889

8.83 x = 30 and P(X > x) = 0.10

 −ln[ P ( X > x)] −ln[ 0.10] −(−2.303)
λ= x = 30 = 30 = 0.0768
The service rate should be 0.0768 cars per minute or 4.61 cars per hour.

p^ −p 0 .73−0 . 70
z=
12.54 a √ p(1−p )/n = √0 . 70(1−0. 70)/100 = 0.65, p-value = P(Z > 0.65) = 1 – 0.65=0.35

p^ −p 0. 72−0.70
z=
b √ p(1−p )/n = √0. 70(1−0. 70)/100 = 0.44, p-value = P(Z > 0.44) = 1 – 0.44=0.56

p^ −p 0 .71−0 .70
z=
c √ p(1−p )/n = √ 0.70(1−0 .70)/100 = 0.22, p-value = P(Z > 0.22) = 1 – 0.22=0.78

d The z statistic decreases and the p-value increases.

12.62 ^p = 259/373 = 0.69

^p±z α /2 √ ^p (1− ^p )/n
= 0.69 ± 1.96 √ 0.69(1−0.69)/373 = 0.69 ± 0.0469; LCL = 0.6431, UCL = 0.7369

12.63 H0: p = 0.25

H1: p < 0.25
^p = 41/200 = 0.205

p^ −p
z=
√ p(1−p )/n =0.47 , 1-0.47=0.53 there is enough evidence to support the officer’s belief.