Course Name:- Executive Post Graduate Diploma Name:- Waseeq Ahmed

in Management
Sub:- Organizational Behaviour & Human Resource Ref:- EPG43/AUGUST21/1076
Management
43rd Batch Email:-awaseeqepgdms21@bus.alliance.edu.in

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR CASE STUDIES: (Answer Any Two)

Questions

(a) What are the dysfunctions of informal organization in the Surepleasure Airline.

Answer (a):-

An informal organization is the interlocking of social structure that governs how people work together in
practice.

In the above case where Mr. Ramesh Ambani who had joined as operations planning manager in
Superleasure Airlines, he noticed the below dysfunctions,

1. Resistance to change: - Mr. Ramesh Ambani observed that the employees had formed a strong
informal group where they were not ready to accept any changes, and in case of new
employees, they were accepted and rejected based on the factors totally unrelated to work.

2. Role Conflict: - He also noticed that due to role conflicts, they were many instances where
inaccurate records maintained which were in violation of Airport Authority regulations.

3. Group Conformity: - He also noticed that since there was a strong informal group formed, new
employees who did not like to socialize according to them; those were ignored and made to feel
uncomfortable to the point that they will quit the organization.

4. Cost Factor: - He also noticed that due to poor record keeping had increased the overhaul cost
of the organization.

(b) Could there be any benefits of informal organization in this company.

Answer (b):-

Benefits of informal organization

1. In informal organization, people inculcate sense of unity and togetherness among themselves,
as employees are involved in social interaction with each other.
2. Since employees interact themselves in informal organization, this leads to work satisfaction.
 3. Informal organization can be an effective means of swift communication.
4. Managers can also benefit from the informal organization, as he can understand the grievances
of employees, as employees freely interact with each other.

(c) What suggestions would you give to the management of this company to cope with the informal
organization?

Answer (C):-

Below are the measures can be suggested to management of the said company to cope with the
informal organization?

1. The organization should be adaptable to its members of the informal group.

2. Informal group should be given recognition in the operating of the organization.
3. Management should try to maintain stability between formal & informal employees.
4. The acceptable patterns of the informal group to be incorporated in formal group to make the
organization stronger.
5. Management can use the informal channels to plug the loopholes in the formal communication
system.
6. The organization can use informal group fruitfully for attaining the desired goal.

2. Ford Reorganization called “Ford 2000”.

a) Describe the changes in structure that Ford expects from the Ford 2000.

Answer

Ford expects below changes from “Ford 2000”

1. To integrate Ford’s operations around the world and revolutionize the way it makes seventy
lines of cars and trucks.
2. Reduced duplication of effort and increase volume of purchasing.
3. Save more than $4 billion per year and double the profitability.

b) How do you explain the continuing problem that employees are having with adapting to the new
structure of Ford 2000?

Answer

Below are the problems faced by employees,

1. Employees has to change their way of working as they design cars and trucks to fit global
markets rather than a single relatively homogenous one.
2. Employees feel a great deal of insecurity and uncertainty about the company and their jobs.
3. Employees do not know whom to contact to get questions answered or dispute resolved.

(c) Is a matrix structure the proper structure for Ford 2000?

Answer
In my opinion, the matrix structure in Ford 2000 is not working properly as stated in the statement
employees rather than working in functional organization with traditional hierarchies and centralized
decision-making. Employees are assigned to a design center, such as small cars, and then to a group
according to their specialities, such as drive trains. Managers then mediate the disputes that occur
between the design centers and the specialties.

(d) Does frequent changing of Organization Structure impact Organizational Behaviour.

Answer

Yes, frequent change of organizational structure does affect the organizational behaviour, as we noticed
that in the said case due to mismanagement there was dispute between design center and specialties.
Also second reorganization affected not only the employees but also outsiders such as suppliers where
they were not in a position to contact the right person for their queries.

HUMAN RESOURCES CASE STUDIES (Answer Any Two)

Case-1

1. Read the following case carefully and answer the questions given at the end.

Questions:

(a) Identify the salient issues from HR point of view for this case.

Answer

1. The company was not able to keep their good engineers beyond the critical five years of service.
2. The staffing strategy was not the best.
3. New employees were assigned the non-classified projects for 6 to 10 months of service as they
were supposed to clear the security clearance.
4.

(b) lf you were to study this turnover problem, how would you conduct a needs analysis or evolve a
counselling programmer ?

Answer

1. In first place, we need to find the reasons for employee’s turnover.

2. Instead of keeping the new employee’s for 6 to 10 months on non-classified projects, new
employees could have given the necessary training for some time and allowed to join the
designated projects, which could have helped the new joiners to gain the knowledge.

(c) What are the causes of dissatisfaction and turnover in Microelectronics?

Answer
 1. New employees were assigned the non-classified projects for 6 to 10 months of service as they
were supposed to clear the security clearance.
2. Design phase of Microelectronics was considered as the most challenging and creative segment
of the program, the new engineers were always finding the difficulties in learning the
organization structure as they were kept on non-classified projects for 6 to 10 months.

(d) Do you find the mentoring programme suitable to reduce turnover? Justify

Answer

Yes, the mentoring program is suitable to reduce the turnover of employees as it helps both the
newcomers and the relatively old employees. Also as mentioned in the case study, the old engineers will
become more committed towards company and less likely to leave the company.

Case-II

2 Read the following case carefully and answer the questions given at the end.

Questions:

(a) Identify and discuss the core issue in the case.

Answer

Below are the core issue in the said case.

1. There was no proper record maintained regarding the work done by the employees.
2. The recommendation of Mr. Rog’s was based on his perception and the actual facts.
3. Management should have ascertained the facts about the Mr. Rog’s recommendation before
stopping the annual increments of the eleven employees.
4. The management recommendation to maintain a register was also not a full proof action to
prevent the similar situation in future also.

(b) Was management of the company justified in implementing the recommendations of Mr.
Rog, in the absence of proper report?

Answer

No, management should have checked the facts of Mr. Rog,s recommendation before implementing the
same, as these employees were working in the company for over 10 years. Also Mr. Rog’s who had
joined the company a year back was very aggressive in his nature, due to his aggressiveness he could
have made the wrong decision.

(c ) How would you view the action of Mr. Rog, if you were the M.D. of the company?

Answer
As an M D of the company, I could have verified the recommendation made by Mr. Rog to hold the
increment of 11 employees, as the recommendation of Rog was not backed any proper document.

(d ) Do you think the reward system instituted by the company needs to be reviewed? Substantiate
your answer with logic.

Answer

Yes, company should have introduced incentive system, for top performer employees, the incentive
might have paid monthly or quarterly.

During annual appraisal, time there should have been discussion along with individual employee’s team
leader and team leader reporting manager as to avoid any wrong communication by team leader.

Part B

Answer any Eight Questions .Answer to the point and briefly with examples (8 Q x 3 M= 24 Marks)

1. Define, what is Organizational Behaviour and state why it is importance to study

Organizational Behaviour?

Answer: - The organizational behavior analyzes the effect of social and environmental factors that affect
the way employees or teams work. It helps to develop an understanding of the aspects that can
motivate, increase employee performance, and help organization to establish a strong and trusting
relationship with their employees.

Below are the importance of organizational behavior,

a. Motivation: - Every individuals are unique based on their experience and knowledge,
organizational behavior helps leader to develop and understand the aspects that motivate
employees.
b. Performance:- There are a few factors where behaviours can affect employees performance.
Organizational behavior helps to understand the same.

2. Describe three level of organization and discuss ethical behavior of formal and informal
organization with examples?

Answer: - There are three levels of management in an organization.

a. Top level Managers:- Top level managers are company CEO, COO, CFO.
 The primary role of the executive team, or the top-level managers, is to look at the organization
as a whole and derive broad strategic plans. Company policies, substantial financial investments,
strategic alliances, discussions with the board, stakeholder management, and other top-level
managerial tasks are often high-risk high return decision-making initiatives in nature.

b. Middle level managers:- Middle management is the intermediate management level

accountable to top management and responsible for leading lower level managers.

c. First Level Managers:- First level managers balances functional expertise with strong
interpersonal skills to optimize specific operational processes.

Ethical Behavior:- Ethical behaviour is characterized by honesty, fairness and equity in interpersonal,
professional and academic relationships.

Formal Organization:- A formal organization is an organization with a fixed set of rules of intra-
organization procedures and structures.

Informal Organization:- An informal organization is the interlocking of social structure that governs how
people work together in practice

3. Explain the Process of Communication and its significance in an organization.

Answer: - Communication process is the sharing of a common meaning between the sender and the
receiver. The communication process consists four key components.

a. Encoding of message
b. Medium of transmission
c. Decoding of message
d. Feedback.
 Significance of communication in an organization:-

Effective Communication is significant for managers in the organizations so as to perform the basic
functions of management, i.e., Planning, Organizing, Leading and Controlling. Communication helps
managers to perform their jobs and responsibilities. Communication serves as a foundation for
planning.

4. Explain how personality influences behavior in organizations either using Big Five personality
traits or MBTI instruments.

Answer: - Personality plays a key role in organizational behavior because of the way that people think,
feel, and behave effects many aspects of the workplace. Employee’s personality influences their
behavior in-group, their attitudes and the way they make decisions.

Openness: - This trait features characteristics such as imagination and insight, people who are high in
this trait tends to be more adventures and creative.

Conscientiousness: - Features of this dimension include high levels of thoughtfulness, good impulse
control, and goal-directed behaviors.
Extraversion: - Features of this dimension include sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness, and high
amounts of emotional expressiveness.

Agreeableness: - Features of this dimension include trust, kindness, affection and other social behavior.

Neuroticism: - Features of this dimension include sadness, moodiness, and emotional instability.

5. Identify steps in decision-making process in an organization and explain with example?

Answer: - Below are the steps to be followed in decision making in an organization.

a. Understand the issue: - first step is to identify the issue.

b. Define the problem: - Problem has to be identified.
c. Define the objectives:- Criteria or objective has to be identified.
d. Diagnose the problem:- At this stage root cause of the problem is determined.
e. Develop the alternatives:- List of alternative solutions are created.
f. Select An Alternative:- The best alternative has to be selected amongst many alternative.
g. Implement the alternative:- the best alternative is implemented at this stage.

6. Distinguish between Attitude and Aptitude and how will you explain this with reference to
organization?

Answer: -let us understand the aptitude and aptitude.

A. Aptitude: -
a. Aptitude is the potential ability to acquire skills, abilities and knowledge; it is more about
management of a situation or problem.
 b. It is a ability to certain kind of work
c. It is associated with skill enhancement , learning and training
d. Aptitude both physical and mental

B. Attitude:-
a. Attitude is related ability and skill with certain perception
b. It is positive, negative, indifferent feeling towards, object, event, idea or person.
c. It is associated with character.

Organizations can influence an employee's attitudes and behavior by using different

management strategies and by creating strong organizational environments.

7. Define motivation? Explain motivation with either Maslow’s Need theory or Herzbergs Two
Factor Theory?

Answer: - Motivation is essentially the underlying drive of individuals to accomplish tasks and goals.
There are many factors that can influence employee motivation including organizational structure,
integrity of company operations, and company culture. In the workplace, it is especially important to
motivate employees so that they meet their full potential.

Maslow's Theory of Motivation

a. Self-actualization:- Desire to become the most one can

b. Esteem:- Respect, self-esteem, recognition, strength & freedom
c. Belonging & Love:- sense of connection.
d. Safety Needs:- Personal security, employment, resources & health.
e. Physiological needs:- Pay and social needs.
 8. Describe the steps involved in selection process and explain the challenges when using social
media for recruitment purpose?

Answer: -Below are the steps involved in selection process:-

a. Preliminary interview:- It is the first step in selection process where undesirable applicant are
weeded by initial screening.
b. Screening of applicants:- In this the basic information like qualifications experience, etc are
checked.
c. Employment test:- in this candidate’s knowledge is checked by,
1. Intelligence test
2. Aptitude test
3. Proficiency test
d. Selection interview:- in this process candidate sits face to face with selection body.
e. Checking of reference:- once the selection of the candidate is finalized, personnel department
checks the reference mentioned by candidate from previous employment.
f. Medical Examination:- Post approval of candidate job, his physical fitness is examined by the
medical experts.
g. Final Selection:- The line managers are then asked to give final decision after all technical and
medical tests are cleared by the candidate. A true understanding between the line manager and
the HR manager facilitates good selection. Therefore, the two together take final decision and
intimate it to the candidate. The HR department may immediately send appointment letter to
the selected person or after some time as the time schedule says.

Challenges in using social media:- it is not easy to effectively broadcast the jobs on social media as it
restricts to use more words, hence the effective display what company needs may not be
displayed.it consumes a lot of time in initial stages as it takes some time to build network and
relationship.