WORK OF SEA WAVES –

The erosion and deposition in the sea forms sea cliff, sea arch,
sea stacks and sea stumps.
SEA CLIFF – Sea cliff are steep sided wall formed by rocks
by continuous destructive sea waves. These steep sided wall
rises up straight over the sea surface are called sea cliff.
SEA CAVES – The sea waves continuously hit the rock
which makes it wider and large. They become hollow and
form sea caves.
SEA ARCHES – As these cavities become bigger and bigger
only the roof of the cliff remains and thus it forms sea arches.
SEA STACKS – Erosion breaks the roof and leaves only one
- sided wall standing as pillars and these are called stacks.
The eroded stacks are called sea stumps.
BEACHES – Beaches are formed by the deposition of
sediments by the sea waves along the shores. If the wave is
higher it doesn’t create delta. Sometimes it takes sediments
from the cliffs and shores and deposits them on beaches.
SAND BAR – The deposition of sand and gravels along the
extended coastline forms sand bars. Currents and tides
deposits sand and rock debris along the coast at a distance
from the sea shore.
LAGOON – A lagoon is a enclosed water body so created due
to the narrow outlet of the sand to the ocean. These salt water
lakes are formed near the coast.
Island are connected to each other by a bar called tombolo.
WORK OF WIND –
EROSIONAL LANDFORM - Wind has the powerful force
which can change shape of a landscape. In deserts wind
changes landscape through erosion.
DEEFLATION HOLLOWS – When wind blows in deserts it
carries sand by the process of deflation thus creating hollows
surface and this is known as deflation hollows.
When these hollows become deeper and reaches the water
table it is called an oasis.
MUSHROOM ROCKS – In deserts you can see rocks which
have the shape of a mushroom. As the wind blows it carries
away the lower part of the rock more than the upper part as
large sediments are found in the lower part. This takes a shape
of mushroom and thus are called mushroom rocks.
LOESS – When the sand particles are very fine and light the
wind carries it to long distance and large amount of this gets
deposited it forms plains called loess.
SAND DUNES – When the wind blows it carries sand when
it stops the sand gets deposited forming a low-hill like
structure called sand dunes.
TYPES OF SAND DUNES –
BARCHANS – A barchan is a crescent- shaped sand-dunes
formed by the winds blowing in one direction. Common in
thar desert.
SELF – it is a long narrow sand-dunes formed and they are in
the shape of a dagger and are common in Arabian desert.
WEATHER AND CLIMATE –
Weather – Weather is a general condition of atmosphere of a
particular place for given period of time.
Climate - Climate is the average weather condition of a place
for longer period of time.
Mean sea level- The level of sea is same everywhere on earth
and is called mean sea level. It is taken as the base point for
measuring height and depth.
Elements of weather –
 Temperature
 Humidity
 Wind system
 Pressure
 Precipitation
Temperature – the degree of hotness and coldness is called
temperature.
Factors affecting temperature are –
Distance from equator – the places near the equator
experience high temperature whereas the places far away from
equator has lower temperature.
Distance from mean sea level – the places near has high
temperature and the place far has lower temperature.
Distance from sea, warm or cold ocean current, winds.
Air pressure – air pressure is defined as the weight exerted by
an air column on the earth surface.
Air pressure is highest at sea level and decreases with height.
DIFFERENT AIR PRESSURE BELT –
Equilateral L.P belt – it extends 5degree north and 5 degree
south and equator passes from between. It gets direct sunrays
from the sun and has high temperature thus creating low
pressure.
Sub-tropical H.P belt – it extends from 30 degree north to 35
degree north and 30 degree south to 35 degree south in both
the hemisphere. It gets direct sunrays. The rising air from the
equator cools down and sinks here thus creating high pressure.
Sub-polar L.P belt – this belt extends from 60 degree and 65
degree in both the hemisphere. Due to earth’s geoid shape the
air present here is thrown towards the equator because of the
rapid rotation. This creates low pressure.
Polar high pressure -