(REPORTED SPEECH)

Để biến đổi một câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp cần:
1. Đổi chủ ngữ và đại từ nhân xưng khác trong câu trực tiếp theo chủ ngữ của thành phần thứ nhất.
2. Lùi động từ ở mệnh đề 2 về một bậc so với lúc ban đầu.(ngoại trừ 4 trường hợp lớn không lùi thì của động từ)
3. Biến đổi các đại từ, phó từ chỉ thời gian và địa điểm theo bảng qui định.

Bảng đổi động từ

Direct speech Indirect speech
Simple present ( Hiện tại đơn) Simple past (Quá khứ đơn)
Present progressive (H.tại tiếp diễn) Past progressive
Present perfect (Progressive) Past perfect(Progressive) (quá khứ hoàn thành)
Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) Past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành)
Will/Shall Would/ Should
Can/May Could/ Might
Bảng đổi các đại từ chỉ thị, phó từ chỉ địa điểm và thời gian
Today That day
Yesterday The day before
The day before yesterday Two days before
Tomorrow The next/ the following day
The day after tomorrow In two days
Next + Time ( week, month, year….) The following + Time ( week, month, year….)
Last + Time ( week, month, year….) The previous + Time ( week, month, year….)
Time + ago Time + before
This, these That, those
Right now At once
Here, Overhere There, Overthere

Eg: - He said : “ I have lost my pen this morning.”

 He said that he had lost his pen that morning.
- She said to him: “I will go with you tomorrow.”
 She told him that she would go with him the next day.
- He said : “ I’ll come here to take this book.”
 He said that he would come there to take that book.
- They said to us : “You must do this work right now.”
 They told us that we had to do that work at once.
Lưu ý: Những trường hợp giữ nguyên thì của động từ khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp:
- Khi câu trực tiếp truyền tải một chân lý, một sự thật luôn đúng
- Khi động từ thông báo (say, tell, ask, …) đang được sử dụng ở thì hiện tại
- Khi động từ của câu trực tiếp đang được sử dụng ở thể giả định (câu đk loại 2, 3; các cách sử dụng
với “wish”, …)
- Khi động từ ở câu trực tiếp được sử dụng ở thì quá khứ đơn và có thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
Trong câu tường thuật, cần chú ý câu hỏi làm tân ngữ cho động từ tường thuật:
wh- / how…
V (tường thuật) + + S + V
if / whether (câu hỏi Y/N)

Eg : “What are you doing?” asked my father.

= My father asked me what I was doing.
“Have you seen that film?” John asked.
= John wanted to know if I had seen that film.
He asked them “How many children do you have?”
= He asked them how many children they had.

Đối với câu mệnh lệnh ta sử dung “To V” hoặc dạng phủ định “Not to V” để chuyển sang gián tiếp:
 Eg: “Go to class on time”, said the teacher.
→ The teacher told us to go to class on time.
“Don’t leave here before I come back”, said the woman to her child.
→ The woman told/ asked her child not to leave there before she came back.
 Exercise : Choose the closest meaning A, B, C, or D to the original:
1. “Study hard, boys.”
A. She told the boys to study hard. B. She told the boys studying hard
C. She told the boys study hard D. She told the boys to study hard, boys.
2. “Do you like music?” Jane asked lan.
A. Jane asked Lan you like music B. Jane asked Lan to like music
C. Jane asked Lan do you like music D. Jane asked Lan like music
3. “Why didn’t you do your homework last night” her sister asked.
A. Her sister asked her to do her homework last night
B. Her sister asked her why hadn’t she done her homework last night
C. Her sister asked her why she hadn’t done her homework last night
D. Her sister asked her why she didn’t do her homework last night.
4. “I’m sorry I have to leave so early ”he said.
A. He apologized for having to leave early B. He apologized to have to leave early
C. He apologized that he has to leave early D. He apologized to have left early
5. “Your hair looks awful!” “ Don’t worry, I’m ……… tomorrow”.
A. getting to cut it B. having it to cut C. having it cut D. having cut it
6. “Could you wait a second while I get my books?” Peter said to Jane
A. Peter said you to Jane to wait a second while he got his books
B. Peter said to Jane she could wait a second while he got his books
C. Peter asked Jane could wait a second while he got his books
D. Peter asked Jane to wait a second while he got his books.
7. “Do you know how far the post office is” I asked Mary.
A. I asked Mary whether she knows how far the post office was
B. I asked Mary if she knew how far the post office was
C. I asked Mary If she knew how far the post office is
D. All are correct.
8. “You’d better not lend them any more money, Tom” Said John
A. John advised Tom not to lend them any more money
B. John advised Tom he shouldn’t lend them any more money
C. John advised Tom he didn’t lend them any more money
D. A and B are correct
9. “Do not write on the walls,” said the teacher to the boys.
A. The teacher told the boys do not write on the walls
B. The teacher told the boys not to write on the walls
C. The teacher said to the boys not write on the walls
D. The teacher said to the boys do not write on the walls
10. “ It was nice of you to help me. Thank you very much,” John said to you
A. Tom thanked me for helping him
B. Tom thanks me for helping him
C. Tom thanked me to help him
D. Tom thanks to me to help him
11. “ I’’ll drive you to the station. I insist,” Peter said to Linda.
A. Peter insistes on driving Linda to the station
B. Peter insisted on driving Linda to the station
C. Peter insisted on drive Linda to the station
D. Peter insisted to driving Linda to the station
12. “ It was nice of you to visit me. Thank you,” Miss white said to Jack
A. Miss White thanked Jack for visiting her
B. Miss White thanks Jack for visit her
C. Miss White thanked Jack to visit her
 D. Miss White thanks Jack to visit her
13. ‘’Remember to lock the door before going to school’ My sister said
A. My sister remind me lock the door before going to school
B. My sister reminded me lock the door before going to school
C. My sister reminded me to lock the door before going to school
D. My sister remind me locking the door before going to school
14. “Could you close the window? ”John said to peter
A. John asked peter to close the window
B. John asks peter to close the window
C. John asked peter close the window
D. John asks peter to close the window
15. “Keep quite,” the teacher said to us
A. The teacher tell us to keep quite
B. The teacher told us to keep quite
C. The teacher told us keep quite
D. The teacher tells us to keep quite
16. “ I hear you passed your exams. Congratulation!”John said to us
A. John congratulated us on passing our exam
B. John congratulated us passing our exam
C. John congratulates us on passing our exam
D. John congratulates us to pass our exam
17. “Don’t stay at the hotel near the airport,” I said to Ann
A. I warned Ann against staying at the hotel near the airport
B. I warns Ann against staying at the hotel near the airport
C. I warned Ann against stay at the hotel near the airport
D. I warns Ann against to stay at the hotel near the airport
18. “I’d like Lan to become a doctor” My mum said
A. My mum wanted me become a doctor
B. My mum wants me become a doc tor
C. My mom wanted me to become a doctor
D. My mom want me to become a doctor
19. She wanted to know if he had studied French the year before
A. She asked him,” Do you study French this year”
B. She asked him, “ Did he study French last year”
C. She asked him, “Did you study French last year”
D. She asked him, “Were you French last year”
20. ‘Please leave the room if you……….. speak quietly’ the teacher said.
A. couldn’t B. can’t C. didn’t D. shouldn’t
Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences.
1. Tom ______that he was having a party here the next evening.
A. asks B. said C. says D. told
2. Nam told me that his father______a race horse.
A. owns B. owned C. owning D. A and B
3. You said you______chocolate, but you aren’t eating any.
A. liked B. liking C. to like D. like
4. Rachel insisted they______plenty of time.
A. have B. to have C. having D. had
5. Rachel (a week ago): - “I’m talking my driving test tomorrow.”
You (today): -“When I saw Rachel, she said she was taking her driving test ______.”
A. the next day B. tomorrow C. yesterday D. last day
6. What did that man say________?
A. at you B. for you C. to you D. you
7. I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it ______raining there.
A. is B. were C. was D. has been
8. The builders have______that everything will be ready on time.
 A. promised B. promise C. promises D. promising
9. Yesterday, Laura______him to put some shelves up.
A. asked B. is asking C. ask D. was asked
10. The doctor______him to take more exercise.
A. told B. tell C. have told D. are telling
11. Tom has______this story wasn’t completely true.
A. admitting that B. was admitted that
C. admitted that D. admit that
12. When I rang Tessa sometime last week, she said that she was busy______day.
A. that B. the C. then D. this
13. I wonder______the tickets are on sale yet.
A. what B. when C. where D. whether
14. Mathew______Emma that her train was about to leave.
A. has reminded B. has reminded that C. reminded D. reminded that
15. Hello, Jim. I didn’t expect to see you today. Sophie said you______ill.
A. are B. were C. was D. should be
16. Ann______and left.
A. said goodbye to me B. says me goodbye
C. tell me goodbye D. told me goodbye
17. I told you______switch off the computer, didn’t I?
A. don’t B. not C. not to D. to not
18. Bill was slow, so I______hurry up.
A. tell him B. told him for C. told to D. told him to
19. Sarah was driving too fast, so I ______to slow down.
A. asked her B. asked C. ask D. have asked her
20. Someone______me there had been an accident on the motorway.
A. asked B. said C. spoke D. told
21. Jack asked me______
A. where do you come from? B. where I come from
C. where I came from D. where did I come from?
22. She asked me______I like pop music.
A. when B. if C. x D. what
23. I said that I had met her______.
A. yesterday B. the previous day C. the day D. the before day
24. The man asked the boys______.
A. why did they fight B. why they were fighting
C. why they fight D. why were they fighting
25. “______the door”, he said.
A. Please open B. Please to open
C. Opened please D. Please, opening
26. I wanted to know ______return home.
A. when she would B. when would she
C. when she will D. when she will
27. Peter said he was leaving for Paris______.
A. next week B. the next previous
C. following week D. the following week
28. “I don’t usually drink milk when______,” Mrs. Pike said
A. she was hungry B. I was hungry
C. I am hungry D. I will be
29. They said that their house had been broken into______.
A. the two days before B. two days ago
C. two days before D. since two days
30. She advised me ______an apple every day to stay healthy.
A. eating B. I should eat C. to eat D. please, eat
31. “I should come with you as soon as______,” she replied.
 A. I was ready B. I am ready C. I ready D. am I ready
32. “______today as it was yesterday,” she remarked.
A. It wasn’t foggy B. It isn’t so foggy
C. It hasn’t been so foggy D. It isn’t such foggy
33. “I wish ______eat vegetables”, he said.
A. my children will B. my children would
C. whether my children would D. my children must
34. Julia said that she ______there at noon.
A. is going to be B. was going to be
C. will be D. can be
35. He ______that he was leaving right away that afternoon.
A. told me B. told to me C. said me D. says to me
36. She said to me that she ______to me the Sunday before.
A. wrote B. has written C. was writing D. had written
37. I ______him to sell that old motorbike.
A. said to B. suggested C. advised D. recommended
38. My parents reminded me ______the flowers.
A. remember to plant B. plant
C. to plant D. planting
39. I asked Martha______to enter law school.
A. are you planning B. is she planning
C. was she planning D. if she was planning
40. Nam wanted to know what time ______.
A. does the movie begin B. did the movie begin
C. the movie begins D. the movie began
41. I wondered______the right thing.
A. whether I was doing B. if I am doing
C. was I doing D. am I doing
42. The scientist said the earth ______the sun.
A. goes round B. is going around
C. went around D. was going around
43. Peter said that if he ______rich, he ______a lot.
A. is – will travel B. were – would travel
C. had been – would have travelled D. was – will travel
44. They said that they had been driving through the desert______.
A. the previous day B. yesterday
C. the last day D. Sunday previously
45. He asked the children ______too much noise.
A. not to make B. not making
C. don’t make D. if they don’t make
46. The man said that money ______the passport to everything.
A. will be B. is C. was D. can be
47. The teacher said Columbus ______America in 1492.
A. discovered B. had discovered
C. was discovering D. would discover
48. John said he ______her since they ______school.
A. hasn’t met – left B. hadn’t met – had left
C. hadn’t met -left D. didn’t meet – has left
49. The woman asked ______get lunch at school.
A. can the children B. whether the children could
C. if the children can D. could the children
50. Laura said that when she______to school, she had seen an accident.
A. was walking B. has walked
 C. had been walking D. has been walking
51. He asked, “Why didn’t she take the final exam?” – He asked why ______the final exam.
A. she took B. did she take
C. she hadn’t taken D. she had taken
52. Ba said he______some good marks the semester before.
A. gets B. got C. had gotten D. have got
53. They told their parents that they______their best to do the test.
A. try B. will try C. are trying D. would try
54. She asked me where I______from.
A. come B. coming C. to come D. came
55. She______me whether I liked classical music or not.
A. ask B. asks C. asked D. asking
56. He asked me who the editor of that book ______.
A. was B. were C. is D. has been
57. He wants to know whether I ______back tomorrow.
A. come B. came C. will come D. would come
58. I wondered why he______love his family.
A. doesn’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. hasn’t
59. They asked me how many children______.
A. if I had B. I had C. I have D. have I
60. Thu said she had been______the day before.
A. here B. there C. in this place D. where
61. The student said that the English test______the most difficult.
A. is B. was C. will be D. have been
62. He wanted to know ______shopping during the previous morning.
A. if we had been going B. that if we had been going
C. we were going D. that we were going
63. He asked me ______Robert and I said I did not know ______.
A. that did I know / who were he B. that I knew / who he had been
C. if I knew/ who he was D. whether I knew / who had he been
64. The mother asked her son ______.
A. where he had been B. whether I had been
C. where has he been D. where had he been
65. Martin asked me ______.
A. how is my father B. how my father is
C. how was my father D. how my father was
66. The host asked Peter ______tea or coffee.
A. whether he preferred B. that he preferred
C. did he prefer D. if he prefers
67. She asked me ______holidays ______.
A. where I spent / the previous year B. where I had spent/ the previous year
C. where I spent / last year D. where did I spend / last year
68. He advised ______too far.
A. her did not go B. her do not go
C. her not to go D. she did not go
69. John often says he ______boxing because it ______a cruel sport.
A. doesn’t like/ is B. did not like / were
C. not liked / had been D. had not liked / was
70. Nancy asked me why I had not gone to New York the ______.
A. before summer B. summer ago
C. summer last D. previous summer
71. He asked ______ him some money.
A. her to lend B. she to lend C. she has lent D. she lends
72. Andrew told me that they ______ fish two days ______.
A. have not eaten / ago B. had eaten / before
 C. did not eat / before D. would not eat/ last
73. Jason told me that he ______ his best in the exam the ______ day.
A. had done / following B. will do / previous
C. would do/ following D. was going/ previous
74. John asked me ______ in English.
A. what does this word mean B. what that word means
C. what did this word mean D. what that word meant
75. The mother told her son ______so impolitely.
A. not behave B. not to behave C. not behaving D. did not behave
76. She said she ______ collect it for me after work.
A. would B. did C. must D. had
77. She said I ______ an angel.
A. am B. was C. were D. have been
78. I have ever told you he ______ unreliable.
A. is B. were C. had been D. would be
79. I told him ______ the word to Jane somehow that I ______ to reach her during the early hours.
A. passing / will try B. he will pass / tried
C. to pass/ would try D. he passed / have tried
80. Laura said she had worked on the assignment since ______.
A. yesterday B. two days ago C. the day before D. the next day
81. John asked me ______ interested in any kind of sports.
A. if I were B. if were I C. if was I D. if I was
82. John asked me ______ that film the night before.
A. that I saw B. had I seen C. if I had seen D. if had I seen
83. The guest told the host that ______.
A. I must go now B. he must go now
C. he had to go now D. he had to go then
84. “I’ll tell you about this tomorrow, Mary.” said Tom.
A. Tom said to Mary that he will tell her about that the next day.
B. Tom told Mary that I would tell you about that the next day.
C. Tom told Mary that he would tell her about that the next day.
D. Tom told Mary that she would tell him about that the next day.
85. “I have something to tell you,” Mary said to John.
A. Mary told John I had something to tell him.
B. Mary told John she had something to tell him.
C. Mary told John she had had something to tell him.
D. Mary told John he had had something to tell her.
86. He said, “My wife has just bought a diamond ring.”
A. He said that his wife had just bought a diamond ring.
B. He said that my wife had just bought a diamond ring.
C. He said that his wife has just bought a diamond ring.
D. he said that his wife just bought a diamond ring.
87. “I will come with you as soon as I am ready”, she said to Philip.
A. She said to Philip he will come to see you as soon as he I am ready.
B. She told Philip she will come to see her as soon as she was ready.
C. She told Philip she would come to see you as soon as she was ready.
D. She told Philip she would come to see him as soon as she was ready.
88. “I wrote to him yesterday.”
A. She said to me I wrote to him the day before.      
B. She told me she wrote to him yesterday.
C. She told me she had written to him yesterday.
D. She told me she had written to him the day before.
89. “He is talking to your sister”, She said to me.
A. She told me he was talking to your sister.
B. She told me she was talking to my sister.
 C. She told me he was talking to my sister.   
D. She told me he was talking to her sister.
90. “It is the time to check what you have done,” the father said to the boys.
A. The father said to the boys it was time to check what they had done.
B. The father told the boys it was time to check what they had done.
C. The father told the boys it was time to check what they have done.
D. The father told the boys it is time to check what they had done.
91. “You will like my sister when you meet her.”
A. He told me you will like her sister when you meet her.
B. He told me I will like his sister when I met her.
C. He told me I would like his sister when I met her.
D. He told me I would be liked his sister when I met her.
92. “I didn’t meet Susan last week.”
A. He said he didn’t meet Susan the week before.         
B. He said he hasn’t met Susan last week.
C. He said he hadn’t met Susan last week.                     
D. He said he hadn’t met Susan tthe week before.
93. “I didn’t break your watch.”
A. The boy told the girl he hadn’t broken her watch.   
B. The boy told the girl he didn’t break her watch.
C. The boy asked the girl he hadn’t broken her watch. 
D. The boy told the girl he hadn’t broken your watch.
94.    The mother told her son ______so impolitely.
A. not behaving B. not to behave C. did not behave D. not behave
95.    She said she ______collect it for me after work.
A. would            B. did                  C. will                   D. had
96.    He asked me where I ______.
A. have studied      B. study   C. am studying  D. studied
97. “How about going out after this class”, said John.
A. John wanted to go out after that class.
B. John suggested going out after that class.
C. John suggested that they went out after that class.
D. John suggested to go out after that class.
98. “Would you like to hang out with me tonight, Lan?” said Huong.
A. Huong invites Lan to hang out with her that night.
B. Huong asked Lan if she would like to hang out with her tonight.
C. Huong asked Lan whether she she wants to hangs out with her tonight.
D. Huong invited Lan to hang out with her that night.
99. “I didn’t break your window.” Linh said to Nga.
A. Linh denies breaking Nga’s window.
B. Linh refused to break Nga’s window.
C. Linh denied having broken Nga’s window.
D. Linh says that she didn’t break Nga’s window.
100. “I am grateful that you helped me with that difficult maths exercise.” Susan said to Hue.
A. Susan said she is very grateful that Hue helped her with that difficult maths exercise.
B. Susan thanked Hue for having helped her with that difficult maths exercise.
C. Susan thanks Hue for helping her with that difficult maths exercise.
D. Susan is grateful for Hue’s help with that difficult maths exercise.