INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY REPORT

I. DATA AND RESULTS

1. Describe the appearance of iodine crystals.

The iodine crystals have a violet or bluish-black color with a metallic luster.

Observations:
What did you observe on heating?
Upon heating, purple iodine vapor was observed. This is an example of sublimation.

What is formed on cooling?

When cooled, the iodine reverts back to being a solid substance. This process is the
reverse of sublimation, called deposition.

Has iodine undergone any change in properties?

No, iodine has not undergone any change in properties because phase change does not
involve any modification in properties. Chemical bonds are disrupted during the sublimation
of iodine, but the iodine molecules still persist as a distinct entities.

What kind of change has the iodine undergone?

The iodine went through a physical change because the chemical composition of the
iodine is still the same after heating. This means that there is no energy involved in the
reaction since the heat absorbed when the iodine crystals convert to vapor, is given out when
the vapor changes back to solid (Stojanovska, Petruševski, & Šoptrajanov, 2012).

2. Observations:
What kind of change has the sugar undergone?
After dropping sulfuric acid on the sugar, it has undergone a chemical change.

Why do you say so?

When sulfuric acid was added to table sugar, an exothermic chemical reaction occurred
(Helmenstine, 2021). The sugar began to change color, bubble, and form a new substance. It
also had a strong odor and produced a large amount of heat.

3. Describe its appearance.

 The magnesium ribbon is a metal that has a silvery-white appearance.

Observations:
What is the result of igniting it?
Upon igniting the magnesium ribbon, it yields a bright white light and intense heat.

What kind of change has taken place?

Igniting the magnesium metal has undergone a chemical change in properties.

Why do you say so?

Igniting the magnesium ribbon involves an exothermic reaction, forming a new
substance. Magnesium oxide is formed when magnesium metal burns and reacts with
oxygen in the air (Nuffield Foundation, 2016).

4. Observations:
What kind of change has taken place?
Chemical change has taken place. Upon mixing the solution of silver nitrate and sodium
chloride, a precipitate is produced. The reaction here is called Precipitation wherein there is a
formation of an insoluble salt when two solutions containing soluble salts are combined
(Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2018).

Why do you say so?

It is a chemical change because the two chemicals produced a new compound with
unique physical and chemical properties. An insoluble compound is formed because both
solutions contain a mixture of cations and anions. Combining silver nitrate with sodium
chloride is a double displacement reaction, wherein the positive and negative ions trade
places (Helmenstine,2020). As a result, white precipitates of silver chloride forms at the
bottom of the test tube. The sodium ion and the nitrate ion do not react and stay in the
solution as spectator ions.

5. Observations:
Is a new substance produced?
No new substance was produced.

What kind of change has taken place?

 Physical change because no new substance was produced and its molecules still stayed
the same.

6. Observations:
What is the result?
According to Robolab Technologies (2019), zinc is more reactive than hydrogen. Thus, it
displaces hydrogen molecules from dilute acids. When Zinc (Zn) reacts with dilute sulphuric
acid, it produces zinc sulfate and hydrogen gas. Hence, there were gas bubbles present in the
experiment after the diluted sulphuric acid was poured into the zinc, it was bits of evidence
of hydrogen gas.

What kind of change has taken place?

The change that took place in the chemical reaction between zinc and sulphuric acid is a
chemical change.

Why do you say so?

Since the chemical reaction yielded zinc sulfate and hydrogen gas, both products have
entirely different chemical compositions and chemical properties from the reactants. One is a
liquid solution, while the other is a combustible gas. Hence, the reaction is a chemical
change.
II. REFERENCES

Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2018, February 8). Chemical precipitation. Retrieved 16

September 2021 from: https://www.britannica.com/science/chemical-precipitation

Helmenstine, A.M. (2020, February 6). Double Displacement Reaction. Retrieved 16 September
2021 from:
https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-double-displacement-reaction-605045

Helmenstine, A.M. (2021). Perform the Sulfuric Acid and Sugar Chemistry Demonstration.
Retrieved September 16, 2021, from ThoughtCo website:
https://www.thoughtco.com/sulfuric-acid-and-sugar-demonstration-604245

‌Nuffield Foundation. (2016). The change in mass when magnesium burns. Retrieved September
16, 2021, from RSC Education website:
https://edu.rsc.org/experiments/the-change-in-mass-when-magnesium-burns/718.articl
e

‌Robolab Technologies. (2019, May 27). Reaction of Zinc with Dilute Sulphuric Acid. Retrieved
September 17, 2021, from
https://www.robolab.in/reaction-of-zinc-with-dilute-sulphuric-acid/

Stojanovska, M., Petruševski, V. M., & Šoptrajanov, B. (2012). The concept of sublimation –
iodine as an example. Educación Química, 23, 171–175.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0187-893x(17)30149-0