LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

AGRICULTURAL CROPS PRODUCTION NCII

PERFORMING NURSERY OPERATIONS
Second Quarter, Week 1

Name of Learner: ___________________________Date:__________________________

Grade Level /Section: __________________________

Selecting Propagation Materials and Performing Plant

Propagation Techniques Based on Recommended Practices

BACKGROUND INFORMATION FOR LEARNERS

Plant propagation is the procedure which produces new plants from a variety of sources:
seeds, cuttings, and other plant parts. Plant propagation can also refer to the man-made or natural
distribution of seeds.

PROPAGATION MATERIALS

Propagating material means any material for the reproduction of plants, whether by
sexual or asexual reproduction that may be used for the production or multiplication of a plant
variety, including seeds for sowing and any whole plant or parts thereof, from which it is possible
to bring about the re- production of whole plants or seeds. To select good planting material, the
grower must consider:
1. TYPE of the planting material,
2. SIZE of planting material, and
3. HEALTH of planting material

Propagation materials: CUTTINGS

Propagating plants from cuttings is one of the easiest and most used methods of
propagation. Many plants will root from just a section of a plant. Some plants will root in water,
but cuttings will develop a better root system when rooted in a soil-less potting mix. Sand or
perlite can also be used, especially for cuttings that need good drainage and may rot if kept too
wet. Many easy-to-root plants will not require the use of a rooting hormone but doing so will
assure faster rooting. Some plants, such as, citrus, may root very slowly or not at all without the
use of a rooting hormone.

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*Materials
- Cuttings
- pot/s of pre-moistened, soil-less rooting medium (potting soil, perlite,vermiculite, Spaghnum
moss, etc.)
- Pruners or s sharp knife
- Rooting hormone
- Plastic cup
- Pencil or other object slightly wider than the stem of the cutting
- Clear plastic bag or a bell jar.

Propagation Materials: SUCKERS

A sucker is another kind of vegetative stem structure. Plants

like banana, plantains, raspberry and cherry have suckers that grow
from the base of the stem of the parent plant. Suckers start form the
underground stem and shoot up to the surface. To propagate suckers,
the ‘division’ method is used. The new suckers will grow to become
mature plants that will also produce new suckers.

Propagation Materials: TISSUE CULTURED PLANTLETS

Tissue culture is the term use for “the process of

growing cells artificially in the laboratory.
Plant Tissue Culture -technique of growing plant cells,
tissues, and organs in an artificially prepared nutrient medium
under aseptic condition.

Propagation Materials: RHIZOME

Rhizomes are segmented, fleshy underground stems. They serve as storage and
reproductive structures. Great examples include canna lilies, bearded iris, ginger and bamboo.

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 https://eschooltoday.com/science/asexual
-reproduction/what-is-stem-rhinnnzome-
in-vegetative-propagation.html

Propagation Materials: CORMS

Corms are storage structures of some

plants. They are swollen underground stems with
dry scale leaves covering them. In favorable
conditions, they grow in size and can remain
dormant in adverse conditions. Corms can be cut
into pieces and each piece planted to produce a
new plant. The daughter corms that grow on
mature corms are called cormels. Cormels can
also be separated and planted. https://eschooltoday.com/science/asexual-
reproduction/what-is-a-corm-in-vegetative-
Corms are different from bulbs in, when propagation.html
cut open, they are solid and not layered like that
of bulbs. Gladiolas and crocuses are great examples of plants with corms.

Propagation Materials: GRAFTING

Plant grafting is a vegetative propagation technique that connects two severed plant
segments together. The chimera, consisting of the scion and rootstock, survives as a new
individual after wound healing. Natural grafting, which occurs when stems or roots of plants
attach and fuse (Mudge et al., 2009), has facilitated the invention of classic grafting techniques
(Fig. 1). In recent years, micrografting protocols have been used increasingly as a tool to evaluate
signaling and transport (Turnbull et al., 2002; Turnbull, 2010).

https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/
nph.14383

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Propagation Materials: TUBER
Before we look at tubers, it is important to note
that there are two categories of tubers:
stem tubers and root tubers. As their names suggest
stem tubers are the swollen parts of the stem buried in
the soil. Root tubers are the swollen roots. Both are
storage systems of the plant
Stem tubers have eyes or nodes on them that can
produce new shoots. A great example is the potato https://eschooltoday.com/science/asexual-
reproduction/what-is-stem-runners-in-vegetative-
tuber. The eyes often begin to sprout into new shoots propagation.html
when left for some time. Each shoot that appears on the
tuber can be cut and planted to produce a new plant.

Propagation Materials by RUNNER/STOLON

Some plants, such as strawberry, have long

stems that grow along the soil’s surface. They have
buds on them. Adventitious (roots that appear on
stems and leaves on plants) roots appear at the
nodes where the buds are. When the nodes touch
the soil, new shoots begin that grow into new
plants. The runner continues to grow new stems
and keeps running.
When you cut off and plant runner stems https://eschooltoday.com/science/asexual-
with buds on them, they will grow to become reproduction/what-is-stem-runners-in-vegetative-
propagation.html
mature plants. Great examples of runners include
strawberries, bermuda grass, peppermint and
spider grass. A stolon is not a runner although they are often used to mean one thing. Unlike a
runner in the diagram above, a stolon is a fleshy and leafy stem that drops vertically
downwards and takes roots where it touches a growing medium.

Propagation Materials: BULB

Bulbs are shortened underground storage structures. They are stems that are enclosed
with fleshy, concentric layered leaves. Bulbs produce smaller buds (lateral buds) which appear
between the layers of the parent bulb. As the mature plants gets to the end of its life, the lateral
bud develops into a smaller bulb that attaches to the base of the parent bulb. The new bulb can
be separated and planted. Examples include Tulips, Daffodils, Lilies and onions.

https://eschooltoday.com/science/asexual-
reproduction/what-is-a-bulb-in-vegetative-propagation.html

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 PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES

Propagation techniques meaning multiplying of useful plants.

Types of Propagation Techniques
1. Sexual- propagation through seeds. Consists of an embryo (forms root and shoot structure),
tissue to provide nutrient for the embryo (endosperm), and protective coat (seed coat).
2. Asexual Propagation. It takes a part of one parent plant and causing it to regenerate itself
into a new plant. The result of new plant is genetically identical its parent. Asexual
propagation involves the vegetative parts of a plant: stems, roots, or leaves.
Examples of Asexual Propagation
● Grafting- This process involves joining the shoot
system of a plant (known as scion) to the root
system of another plant (known as the stock). The
two are joined where the sizes (diameter) of the
scion and stock are very close. They are both cut
diagonally and placed facing each other. They are
then taped and left to heal with time.
Procedure: https://eschooltoday.com/science/asexual-
A. Preparing the Stock reproduction/what-is-artificial-vegetative-
1. A piece of bark and wood, about ¼ through propagation.html
the stem is removed along one side.
2. A second downward cut is made forming a thin “tongue”.
B. Preparing the Scion
1. A long sloping cut is made at the base of the scion.
2. A second cut is made under a first forming a thin “ tongue “ as made in the stock
C. The scion is slipped into the cut in the stock, the tongues inter-locking and the cambium
layers marching along one side.
D. The graft is wrapped with plastic tape.
E. The graft may be waxed
F. After the union has healed, the stock is cut off just above the scion.

● Budding- is a type of technique in plant

propagation by joining parts from two or more
plants to produce a single plant. In budding process,
a bud is taken from one plant and grown on another.

Procedure:
A. Preparing the Stock
1. Made in the stock, cut about 2.5 cm (1-in.)
vertical. http://animhosnan.blogspot.com/2012/03/factors-
influencing-budding-succes.html
2. Made a horizontal cut through the bark about
one-third the distance around the stock. To open the two flaps of bark, the knife is given
a slight twist.
B. Preparing the Bud
1. Starts with a 1.2 cm (1/2 -in) below the bud and slice cut is made about 2.5 cm (1-in)
under the bud.

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 2. About 2 cm (¾-in) above the bud horizontal cut is made through the bark and into the
wood, allowing removal of the bud piece.
C. Inserting the Bud into the Stock
1. To be the shield piece is inserted by pushing it downward under the two flaps of bark
until the horizontal cuts on the shield and the stock are even.
2. The bud union is should be tied tightly by using some wrapping resources.
D. The root stock is cut back to promote growth of the bud.

● Marcotting/ air layering- The process of rooting

branches, twigs, or stems that are still attached to a
parent plant, as by placing a specially treated part in
moist soil.

Procedure:
1. Girdle stem.
2. Remove several leaves around wound.
3. Pack area with moist sphagnum or peat moss.
https://irrecenvhort.ifas.ufl.edu/plant-prop-
4. Cover moss with polyethylene plastic and tie glossary/08-layering/01-layering-air.html
each end
5. Check to make sure moss remains moist until roots form.
6. After roots are visible inside the bag, the rooted stem can be cut from the mother plant
and potted.

● Inarching/ Approached grafting - A technique

where in the root stock from potted plant is grafted
with the scion from an adult tree in sidewise
position. Commonly used in propagation of Mango
and Sapota.

Procedure:
1. Grafting can be done when the bark slips on the
tree, generally about the time buds swell in late
winter or early spring.
https://www.slideshare.net/AndrewMyrthong/topwor
2. Plant small seedlings near the damaged tree to king
use as rootstock. The trees should have flexible
stems with a diameter of ¼ to ½ inch. They should be planted very close (within 5 to 6
inches/12-15 cm.) to the damaged tree. You can also use suckers growing at the base of
the damaged tree
3. Use a sharp knife to make a two shallow cuts, 4- to 6-inch (10-15 cm.) in length, above the
damaged area. The two cuts should be closely spaced at the exact width of the rootstock.
Remove the bark between the two cuts, but leave a ¾-inch (2 cm.) bark flap at the top of
the cuts.
4. Bend the rootstock and slip the top end under the bark flap. Fasten the rootstock to the flap
with a screw, and attach the lower portion of the rootstock to the tree with two or three
screws. The rootstock should fit firmly into the cut so the sap of the two will meet and
intermingle. Repeat around the tree with the remaining rootstock.

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 5. Cover the inarched areas with asphalt emulsion tree paint or grafting wax, which will
prevent the wound from becoming too wet or too dry. Protect the inarched area with
hardware cloth. Allow 2 to 3 inches (5-7.5 cm.) between the cloth and the tree to allow
space as the tree sways and grows. Prune the tree to a single stem when you’re sure the
union is strong and able to withstand strong wind.

● Cutting In botany, a plant section originating from the stem, leaf, or root and capable of
developing into a new plant. The cutting is usually placed in warm, moist sand. A stem cutting
produces new roots, and a root cutting produces new stems. Some plants can be grown from
leaf pieces, called leaf cuttings, which produce both stems and roots. The scions used in
grafting are also called cuttings. Propagating plants from cuttings is an ancient form of
cloning.

https://luv2garden.com/cuttings_propagation.html

● Division/Separation-In this technique, the bulb corms, rhizomes, suckers and tuber of plants
is broken up into two or more parts has been used to propagate.

https://eschooltoday.com/science/asexual-reproduction/vegetative-propagation-by-separation-and-division.html

MAINTAINING GERMINATED SEEDLINGS UNTIL FULLY ESTABLISHED

Care of Germinating Seedlings

● Protect the seeds sown in seed beds from ants by spraying insecticides which drive away ants.
In the case of seed boxes, let the legs of the seed boxes stand in cans filled with water and
little petroleum to prevent the ants from reaching the seed boxes.
● Seed boxes should be placed under the shade and should be provided will temporary shelter.
● Regulate watering. Too much or too little of it may prevent germination.

Care of Seedlings

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● When seedlings are already growing, water them once with 3-4 tablespoons of ammonium
sulfate dissolved in sprinkler of water.
● Expose the seedlings to the morning sun not later than eight o’clock every day. The length of
exposure depends upon the resistance of the seedlings to heat.
● Protect the seedlings from excessive heat or strong rain.
● If dumping-off develops, remove immediately the infected seedlings with the soil surrounding
them. Burn the disease infected seedlings and soil to avoid further spread of the disease.

Pricking and Thinning of Seedlings

Pricking – the transferring of young seedlings when the seedlings have already developed the
first two true leaves from thickly populated seed bed or seed box. The rule in pricking is never
handle the plants by their stems which bruise easily, but always by their seed leaves. Others use
a sharpened wood or a metal device called dibble to separate and ease out the seedlings, taking
care not to damage the delicate roots.

Thinning- the process or reducing the number of seedlings in the seed box or seed bed that are
thickly populated. Then the process should be done as follows:
● Moisten the seed box or seed bed a few hours before thinning.
● Remove the weak, unhealthy and poor-looking seedlings. Press back firmly the disturbed
soil with hands immediately.
● Throw the seedlings being pulled out or burry them into the soil.

The value of thinning is that it accelerates the free circulation of air which makes the
seedlings sturdier and healthier.

LEARNING COMPETENCY

LO 1. Select quality seedlings based on prescribed characteristics TLE_AFAACP9-12PNO-

IIIc-j-20
LO 2. Select propagation materials according to propagation activity TLE_AFAACP9-12PNO-
IIIc-j-20.
LO 3. Perform plant propagation techniques based on recommended practices
TLE_AFAACP9-12PNO-IIIc-j-20.
LO 4. Maintain germinated seedlings until fully Established TLE_AFAACP9-12PNO-IIIc-j-
20.
LO 5. Prick and thin seedlings based on recommended practices TLE_AFAACP9-12PNO-IIIc-
j-20

ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1

A. Directions: Match column A with Column B. Write the letter of your answer on the space
provided before each number.
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 Column A
______1. Asexual Propagation
______2. Division/Separation
______3. Inarching/Approach grafting
______4. Plant propagation
______5. Propagating materials
______6. Pricking
______7. Propagation techniques
______8. Sexual propagation
______9. Suckers
______10. Thinning
Column B
A. Another kind of vegetative stem structure that
start from the underground stem and shoot up to
the surface.
B. A technique where in the root stock from potted
plant is grafted with the scion from an adult tree
in sidewise position.
C. Any material for the production of plants whether
it’s sexual or asexual.
D. In this technique, the bulb corms, rhizomes,
suckers and tuber of plants is broken up into two
or more parts has been used to propagate.
E. It involves the vegetative parts of a plant: stems,
roots, or leaves to regenerate itself into a new
plant.
F. Multiplying of useful plants.
G. Propagation through seeds.
H. The process of reducing the number of seedlings.
I. The procedure which produces new plants from a
variety sources
J. Transferring of young seedlings

ACTIVITY 2

Directions: Visit your backyard garden, list down every plants, vegetables and trees do you have.
List down at least ten (10) or as many as you can see. Two points will be given for each plant
you have identified. Write your answer in your quiz notebook
1. _________________________________ 6. _____________________________________
2. _________________________________ 7. _____________________________________
3._________________________________ 8. _____________________________________
4. _________________________________ 9. _____________________________________
5. _________________________________ 10. ____________________________________

ACTIVITY 3 – Identifying Applicable Propagating Techniques

Directions: Based from the data you have gathered in activity 2, identify and classify each plant
you have listed (vegetables and fruit trees) whether it can be propagated using the
different propagation techniques by filling YES and NO in the table below. Write
your answer in your quiz notebook.

Name of Plants Budding Cutting Division/ Grafting Inarching/ Marcotting/

(vegetables or trees) Separation Approach Air Layering
Grafting
Ex. gabi NO NO YES NO NO NO
1.
2.

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 3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Guide Question:
1. Based on your gathered data and the identification and classification activity you have
performed. What propagation techniques do you think is applicable in your backyard? Why?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

ACTIVITY 4 – Performing Propagation Techniques

Direction: Secure available planting materials, tools and equipment (knife, cutter, plastic, tape,
and soil media). Select at least one propagation technique from among the different techniques
(budding, grafting, inarching-approach grafting, marcotting-air layering) discussed which
do you think you can perform best. Prepare all the necessary needed materials and follow the
procedure. Document your performance through video or series of pictures. When submitting
your output indicate the technique you have performed.

Scoring Rubrics
PRACTICAL WORK Total Students Mark
(Teacher observes based on the video performance and other Possible (Performance Task)
documents submitted by the learners) Marks
PERSONAL SAFETY Works in a manner that is
(Proper Use of PPEs) safe to self and others 10

SELECTION AND CARE OF TOOLS Select proper tools,

(Selects and Used Proper Tools and materials and cleans them 15
Materials) after use
AGRICULTURAL SKILLS The task was done
( Follow the Standard Procedures in confidently, completely, 25
Performing the Specified Propagation properly and neat.
Techniques)

REFLECTION

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 Is the lesson valuable in real life situation? What do you think are the importance of
propagation activities?
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________.

REFERENCES

https://www.britannica.com/science/tuber
https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the-home-
gardener/advice-tips-resources/visual-guides/propagating-plants-by-cuttings.asp
https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/agri-inputs/seeds/seed-quality
SET 101-Characteristics of Quality Seeds
http://ecoursesonline.iasri.res.in/mod/page/view.php?id=17475
https://eschooltoday.com/science/asexual-reproduction/vegetative-propagation-by-separation-
and-division.html
https://ncert.nic.in/vocational/pdf/kegr102.pdf

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