AIR CONDITIONING and VENTILATION SYSTEMS

IF STEAM TABLE IS NOT AVAILABLE Basic Processes in Conditioning of Air

Use the following formula: The common processes involved in air conditioning are at practically
constant pressures and can be illustrated by lines in psychrometric chart.
Pv
RH =∅=
Psat (d .b )

Apjohn Formula for Pv

Pbaro . ( t d . b .−t w .b . )
Pv =P sat(w .b )− note :t d . b .∧t w .b . (℉ )
2700

Lilley Formula for Psat

ln ¿ ¿

For hg
KJ Basic Psychrometric processes
h g=2501+1.88 t d . b(℃) ;
kg Process 0-1: Sensible heating
Process 0-2: Sensible cooling
h g=1061+0.45 t d . b (℉ ) ; Btu /lb Process 0-3: Humidifying
Process 0-5: Heating and humidifying
Example (without the use of steamtable) Process 0-6: Cooling and dehumidifying
Process 0-7: Cooling and humidifying
1. The readings from a sling psychrometer are as follows: Dry bulb Process 0-8: Heating and dehumidifying
temperature = 30 oC ; Wet bulb temperature = 20oC ; Barometer reading = The first two processes, sensible heating and cooling, involve only a change
740 mm Hg. Determine the following dew point temperature, relative in the dry bulb temperature. Humidifying and dehumidifying involve a
humidity, specific humidity, Degree of saturation, and Enthalpy of mixture change in humidity ratio (moisture content). The last four processes involve
per kg of dry air. Without using Steam table both changes in temperature as well as in humidity ratio.

Sensible Heating

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 AIR CONDITIONING and VENTILATION SYSTEMS
This process involves heating at constant humidity ratio(moisture content).
It is represented by a horizontal line from left to right on the psychrometric
chart.
Example 1
Determine the quantity of heat required to raise 14 m 3/min. if air at 20oC
and 80 % relative humidity to 350C. What is the final relative humidity?
Sensible Cooling
This process involves cooling the air at constant moisture content. It is
represented by a horizontal line from right to left on psychrometric chart.
Example 2
Determine the quantity of heat removed from 14m 3 per minute of air when
cooled from 370C dry bulb and 210C wet bulb temperature to 150C. What are
the initial and final relatives humidities?
In air washer, air flows through a spray of water as show in Fig. 8-8. As the
air flows, it may be cooled or heated, humidified, or dehumidified, or simple
adiabatically saturated, depending on the mean surface temperature of the
water. The water is externally cooled or heated or simple recirculated by a
pump. Make-up water is added to compensate for any loss in the case of
humidification of air. Eliminator plates are provided to minimize loss of
water droplets.
Heating and Humidifying
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 AIR CONDITIONING and VENTILATION SYSTEMS

some point between the temperature of the air and the temperature of the
Air can be simultaneously heated and humidified by either drawing it water, or other refrigeration, inside the coil.
through a spray, or over trays of warm water. The water must be heated
during the process in order to supply the latent heat needed for
evaporation. Trays of warm water can be kept at constant temperature by
steam. However, when warm water is sprayed into the air stream, as in an
air washer, the water must be heated as it is circulated.

Example 4

How much heat and moisture must be removed to cool 28m 3 per minute of
air form 350C dry bulb and 26 0C wet bulb temperature to 21 0C and 50
percent relative humidity?

Cooling and Humidifying

Example 3
Air can be simultaneously cooled and humidified. This action takes place in
3
How much heat and moisture must be added to 28 m per minute of air at an ordinary air washer in which the same water is continuously recirculated,
240C and 40% relative humidity to raise it to 38 0C dry bulb and 270C wet but is neither heated not cooled.
bulb temperature?

Cooling and Dehumidifying

Air can be simultaneously cooled and dehumidified by being drawn over

cold surfaces or through sprays of cold water. When air is cooled and
dehumidified by being drawn through a spray chamber by means of cooler
installed in the circulating pipe line. The water is constantly chilled as it is
circulated. The temperature of the water rises while being sprayed because
it absorbs sensible and latent heat from the air. However, the heat that
water absorbs is being continually removed by the cooler installed in the
circulating pipe line.

When cooling coils are used, the temperature of the film of air in contact
with surface of the metal pipe wall determines the condition of the air
flowing through the coil. The temperature of this surface film is always at

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 AIR CONDITIONING and VENTILATION SYSTEMS

Fig. 8-9 shows the changes occurring in the dry bulb and dew point
temperatures of the air flowing through an air washer in which the same Mixing Air
water is constantly recirculated without being either heated or cooled. In a
perfect washer, the final dry bulb and dew point temperatures of the air When air at one condition is mixed with air at another condition, the of the
would be equal to each other, and equal to initial wet bulb temperature of final mixture can be shown on the psychrometric chart by a point on the line
the air. The efficiency of an air washer is defined as the ratio of the actual joining the points indicating the original condition. The exact location of the
drop in dry bulb temperature to the maximum theoretical drop in dry bulb final point will depend upon the masses of the original air quantities.
temperature that could take place if the washer were 100 percent efficient,
and the air emerged saturated. In such a case, the final dry bulb
temperature of the air would be equal to its initial wet bulb temperature

Example 5

Air at 330C dry bulb and 19oC wet bulb temperature is cooled and humidified
by passing it through an air washer in which the water is continuously
recirculated. The air leaves the air washer at 23 oC dry bulb temperature.
Determine the moisture added per kg of dry air. What is the efficiency of the
air washer? The following equations apply to the mixture of two quantities of air.
Subscripts 1 and 2 refer to the two streams of air and subscript 3 refers to
the mixture.
Chemical Dehumidifying
m3=m1 +m2
Air can be dehumidified by passing it over chemicals that have an affinity for
moisture. Usually in so doing the moisture is condensed and gives up its m3 h3=m1 h1+ m2 h2
latent heat, raising the dry bulb temperature of the air. The air leaves drier
and warmer. The wet bulb temperature may increase or decrease. Units m1 h1 +m2 h2
employing such chemicals are used in some comfort air conditioning h3 =
m3
installations but mainly for industrial air conditioning. Since the leaving air
temperature is usually higher than wanted, it is necessary to add a sensible
cooling process to get the desired final air condition. m3 W 3=m1 W 1+ m2 W 2

Example 6 m 1 W 1+ m2 W 2
W 3=
m3
Air at 24oC dry bulb and 15oC wet bulb temperatures enters a dehumidifier
and leaves at 41oC dry bulb and 19oC wet bulb temperatures. How much m3 t db 3=m1 t db 1 +m2 t db 2
moisture has been removed per kilogram of dry air?
m1 t db1 +m2 t db 2
t db 3=
m3

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 AIR CONDITIONING and VENTILATION SYSTEMS

Example 7

One half cubic meter per second of air at 15 0C dry bulb and 13 0C wet bulb
temperatures are mixed with 0.20 m 3 per second of air at 25 0C dry bulb and
180C wet bulb temperatures. Determine (a) the dry bulb, wet bulb, and dew
point temperatures of the mixture, and (b) the enthalphy of the mixture.